CN101050770A - 多风机并联型风光互补提水系统 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及多风机并联型风光互补提水系统,包括风力发电机组、太阳电池组件、智能控制器、潜水泵;所述的智能控制器对系统进行控制、管理及跟踪。与现有技术相比,本发明具有成本低、效率高、使用范围广,对安装、运输条件的要求低,更合适交通不便的海岛、山地、草原、荒漠地区采用;可以对风机运行、蓄电池荷电状态及逆变器输出、最大功率跟踪、水泵运行、切入切出、水位管理等进行智能化统一管理和控制,实现机电一体化。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种提水系统,特别是涉及一种多风机并联型风光互补提水系统。
背景技术
目前国内外利用风能提水的装置大致分为二类:由风轮直接拖动机械装置提水的风力提水机和由风轮拖动发电机产生电能,再由电动机驱动水泵提水的风力发电提水系统。
目前市场上这两类风能提水装置的风力机都是由单台风力机独立工作的。由于风力机械目前还不可能向市场提供花样繁多的品种,不可能满足各种不同环境,不同运输及安装条件,不同的扬程与流量的提水系统的不同需求,限制了风能提水装置的推广应用。
在太阳电池问世后,又出现了光伏水泵,但因价格高(风电与光伏价格比约为1∶4),光伏水泵的泵为特殊制造,所以光伏水泵同样不可能向市场提供花样繁多的品种,实际使用中也没有较大功率的光伏水泵。同时单纯利用风能或太阳能又有资源分佈的局限性。
目前国内外还没有已经商业化的,可同时利用风能和太阳能的较大功率的风光互补提水系统。
发明内容
本发明的目的就是为了克服上述现有技术存在的缺陷而提供一种多风机并联型风光互补提水系统。
本发明的目的可以通过以下技术方案来实现:多风机并联型风光互补提水系统,其特征在于,包括风力发电机组、太阳电池组件、智能控制器、潜水泵;所述的智能控制器对系统进行控制、管理及跟踪。
所述的风力发电机组包括多台风力发电机。
所述的智能控制器包括可编程控制器(PLC)、泄荷器、交流变频调速器,所述的交流变频调速器包括整流器、斩波器,上述智能控制器通过可编程控制器中的程序对系统进行控制、管理及跟踪。
所述的多台风力发电机分别整流后与太阳电池组件直流并联。
所述的提水系统通过可编程控制器控制的泄荷器使多台风力发电机与太阳电池组件并联输出的直流波动电压始终保持在DC620V以下,并从交流变频调速器的整流器的输出端,向交流变频调速器的斩波器输入上述的电压脉动直流电流。
所述的潜水泵采用市售常用的由三相异步电动机拖动的潜水电泵。
所述的提水系统可以配备蓄电池组和逆变器。
所述的提水系统的功率范围为2KW~300KW。
所述的提水系统可以单独使用风力发电机组,也可以单独使用太阳电池组件,还可以同时使用风力发电机组和太阳电池组件。
所述的提水系统根据当地自然资源状况,确定风力发电机组的功率、风力发电机的数量、太阳电池组件的功率、潜水泵的型号、可编程控制器及其程序。
采用以上技术方案制造出来的多风机并联型风光互补提水系统,与现有技术相比,具有成本低、效率高、使用范围广,对安装、运输条件的要求低,更合适交通不便的海岛、山地、草原、荒漠地区采用;本发明可以对风机运行、蓄电池荷电状态及逆变器输出、最大功率跟踪、水泵运行、切入切出、水位管理等进行智能化统一管理和控制,实现机电一体化。
附图说明
图1为本发明的工作原理示意图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图对本发明作进一步说明。
如图1所示,本实施例以单台风机或太阳电池方阵为单个功率单元,由多个功率单元直流并联供电,经由可编程控制器(PLC)、泄荷器和变频调速器组成的智能控制器调控,使潜水泵能保持良好的变频调速运行状态,实现变流量提水。智能控制器对系统运行进行程序控制和自动化管理,具有最大功率跟踪功能。系统提水时不需配蓄电池,效率高、可靠性高。
关键技术:
从图1可以看出,本实施例的关键技术是解决多台风机和太阳电池并联的技术问题;解决使风机和太阳电池产生的电能如何变换成能满足异步电机变频调速状态下正常工作的变流的技术问题;解决系统能使用交流异步电机拖动的潜水电泵的问题;解决利用可编程控制器(PLC)进行智能化统一管理和控制,实现机电一体化的技术问题。
第一解决系统能使用交流异步电机拖动的潜水电泵的问题-改造变频调速器:
通常使用的潜水泵一般都是异步电动机驱动的水泵,输入380V50Hz恒频恒压电流,进行恒流量提水。但光伏电池产生的电能是电压浮动变化的直流电流,而风力发电机产生的电能是电压和频率都在瞬态变化的三相交流电。这样的电流是无法直接驱动三相异步电机拖动的潜水泵抽水的。
但异步电动机可以工作在变频调速状态下,只是提水的流量会由恒流量变成变动流量。异步电动机变频调速运行的条件是保持其每级主磁通不变,只要使其工作电流的电压和频率的比(V/f)是一个7-8之间的定数,就可已使异步电动机每级主磁通不变,异步电机就可以在变频调速状态下正常工作。
而交流变频调速器,就能使输出电流的电压和频率的比值基本保持在恒定压频比,输出频率范围:0-80Hz。这样的输出电流完全能驱动三相异步电动机变频调速运行,使潜水电泵变流量提水。但是交流变频调速器输入的是380V恒压50Hz恒频电流。
这样问题就变成如何把交流变频调速器改造成可以输入电压脉动的直流电流的变频调速器。理论和实践都证实经过适当改造,向变频调速器的整流器的输出端,向变频调速器的斩波器输入小于620V的脉动电压的直流电流,变频调速器是可以正常工作的,能输出0-80Hz的三相交流电。也就是说交流变频调速器可以改造成输入电压脉动的直流电流的变频调速器。这样就具备了异步电动机工作在变频调速状态下的基本条件。
第二解决使风机和太阳电池产生的电流能满足改造后的的变频调速器正常工作的技术问题
由于光伏电池产生的电能是电压浮动变化的直流电流,而风力发电机产生的电能是电压和频率都在瞬态变化的三相交流电,要想多风机且风光互补,又要低成本,则各台风机分别整流后和太阳电池直流并联为最佳方法。
直流并联后的电流变成了电压脉动的直流电流。
如果各台风机分别整流后和太阳电池直流并联,再由可编程控制器(PLC)控制的泄荷器对风机和太阳电池输出的直流波动电压进行严格自动控制,完全可以使风机和太阳电池直流并联后的直流波动电压始终保持在DC620V以下。这就可以满足改造后的的变频调速器的需要。
这样风机和太阳电池产生的电能如何变换成能满足异步电机变频调速状态下正常工作的变流的技术问题就得到很好的全面的解决。
第三解决智能化统一管理的技术问题:
本发明申请人有丰富的实践经验和良好的编程技术,可设计编制出优良软件,使可编程控制器(PLC)能对风机运行、蓄电池荷电状态及逆变器输出、最大功率跟踪、水泵运行、系统各台水泵依据风电和光电大小自动切入切出、水位管理等进行智能化统一管理和控制,实现了机电一体化。
第四系统设计的特殊性:
与风力提水机、单台风机的风力发电提水机和光伏水泵不同的是除了要解决上述关键技术之外,由于多风机并联型风光互补提水系统是由多个子系统科学合理组合而成。每一套系统都还需要根据用户的使用要求以及风能、太阳能资源状况进行一次严格的系统设计,使每一套系统都能达到经济技术效果最佳。
系统设计主要包含了下述关键设计:功能设计、匹配设计、冗余设计、程序设计、电磁兼容设计、可靠性设计等。如要根据用户是解决饮用水还是灌溉等生产用水的用水方式,用水量的大小,包括日平均和最大用水量,供水可间断时间,井深,水源补充能力等,为用户选定合适的潜水电泵的功率、扬程和流量以及蓄水池的容量等。在确定潜水泵型号后,就要根据当地风能资源,如平均风速、风速频率分布、连续无有效风速天数等计算发电量和选择风力发电机组的功率;根据当地太阳辐射资源选定合适的太阳电池组件的功率等等。并修正蓄水池容量。
由于每一套系统的风机数、水泵型号均可能是不相同的,所以控制器中的变频器、开关电源、逆变器、可编程控制器等也还需进行选型和匹配设计。就连程序软件也会有区别。
产品的技术创新点:
第一点:
可以同时利用风能和太阳能两种可再生能源,实现多种可再生能源的综合利用,我国80%以上国土是风光互补发电可利用区域,适用范围广。本系统可以单独使用风力发电机为发电设备,也可单独使用太阳电池组为发电设备,还可以同时使用风力发电机和太阳电池组实现风光互补发电。风光互补发提水系统,其造价与同功率光伏水泵系统相比,成本可降低30-50%。风资源越好,造价越低。
第二点:
由风力发电机和太阳电池产生的电能,在提水时,无需逆变器,也无需配备蓄电池,直接以变频调速方式驱动水泵,实现变流量提水。具有最大功率点自动跟综功能。系统各台水泵依据风电和光电大小自动切入切出,匹配更合理,因而效率高,造价低。
第三点:
提水系统均采用市场上最常用的由三相异步电动机拖动的潜水电泵,无需制造特殊潜水电泵。进一步降低系统成本。
第四点:
系统功率范围为2KW-300KW,范围宽,功率大,档次多。使用户可以根据自己的条件和需要选择最适合自己的系统。因而价格更合理。由于系统是多台风机组合而成,单台风机重量轻、体积小,大大降低对安装、运输条件的要求,更适合交通不便的海岛、山地、草原、荒漠地区采用。
第五点:
由于系统的动力是由风力发电机组或太阳电池产生电能,所以本系统可以在用户需要时配备蓄电池组和逆变器,使其具有向用户提供日常生活和生产用电的能力。扩展使用范围。
对环境的要求:
室外温度:-25℃~+45℃;室内温度:0℃~+40℃;空气相对湿度不超过90%(25℃±5℃);海拔高度不超过2000m。
对风能、太阳能资源的要求:
当地年平均风速大于3.5m/s,同时年度太阳能辐射总量不小于5000MJ/m2是风光互补提水系统推荐使用区。
当地年平均风速(V):V≥4.5m/s为良好使用区;V≥5.5m/s为非常好的使用地区。
Claims (10)
1.多风机并联型风光互补提水系统,其特征在于,包括风力发电机组、太阳电池组件、智能控制器、潜水泵;所述的智能控制器对系统进行控制、管理及跟踪。
2.根据权利要求1所述的多风机并联型风光互补提水系统,其特征在于,所述的风力发电机组包括多台风力发电机。
3.根据权利要求1所述的多风机并联型风光互补提水系统,其特征在于,所述的智能控制器包括可编程控制器(PLC)、泄荷器、交流变频调速器,所述的交流变频调速器包括整流器、斩波器,上述智能控制器通过可编程控制器中的程序对系统进行控制、管理及跟踪。
4.根据权利要求2或3所述的多风机并联型风光互补提水系统,其特征在于,所述的多台风力发电机分别整流后与太阳电池组件直流并联。
5.根据权利要求4所述的多风机并联型风光互补提水系统,其特征在于,所述的提水系统通过可编程控制器控制的泄荷器使多台风力发电机与太阳电池组件并联输出的直流波动电压始终保持在DC620V以下,并从交流变频调速器的整流器的输出端,向交流变频调速器的斩波器输入上述的电压脉动直流电流。
6.根据权利要求1所述的多风机并联型风光互补提水系统,其特征在于,所述的潜水泵采用市售常用的由三相异步电动机拖动的潜水电泵。
7.根据权利要求1所述的多风机并联型风光互补提水系统,其特征在于,所述的提水系统可以配备蓄电池组和逆变器。
8.根据权利要求1所述的多风机并联型风光互补提水系统,其特征在于,所述的提水系统的功率范围为2KW~300KW。
9.根据权利要求1所述的多风机并联型风光互补提水系统,其特征在于,所述的提水系统可以单独使用风力发电机组,也可以单独使用太阳电池组件,还可以同时使用风力发电机组和太阳电池组件。
10.根据权利要求1所述的多风机并联型风光互补提水系统,其特征在于,所述的提水系统根据当地自然资源状况,确定风力发电机组的功率、风力发电机的数量、太阳电池组件的功率、潜水泵的型号、可编程控制器及其程序。
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