CN101044417B - 油气藏监测方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
借助将示踪剂流体注入到至少一个井眼中从而用于监测油气藏的一种或多种特性的方法。所述注入流体或是具有与地层和/或地层流体不同的电阻率，或是具有改变地层和/或地层流体的电阻率的能力。进行电阻率绘图从而监测被注入的示踪剂流体改变的电阻率区并且因此理解储层内的流体分布和流径的特性。
Description
本发明涉及地下物理特性的地球物理制图。更具体而言，本发明涉及注入示踪剂流体，其目的在于：监测示踪剂在油气藏内的后续分布和运移以作为一种研究储层的特性和流体含量以及储层内的流体运动的手段。
地层允许流体通过的能力取决于孔隙尺寸、孔隙的连通性(渗透性)以及流体特性。该有效渗透性还取决于孔隙内各种流体的相对饱和状态。在油气藏内，所述渗透性对储层内的地层流体和注入流体的流径均产生影响。知晓储层的渗透性对于优化生产策略而言是有益的。
在通过利用放置在注入井内且在生产过程中得到探测的示踪剂从而追踪储层内示踪剂流体流的方面已经作出了多种尝试。美国专利6,645,769中描述了这样的一种技术。这些方法的应用受到了以下事实的限制，即示踪剂仅可在生产(开采)井中被检测到且必须钻至少两口井。
其它方法提议利用注入流体的声学性质从而追踪注射流体随时间的空间分布(参见美国专利4,479,204；4,969,130；5,586,082；6,438,069)。这些方法受到了以下事实的限制，即声学性质并不总是流体成分的可靠量度。
本发明的目的在于：将采用电阻率绘图技术可感测到的示踪剂流体注入到油气藏中以作为一种研究储层的特性和流体含量以及储层内的流体运动的手段，从而克服上述方法中存在的限制因素。所述示踪剂流体可以是电导率不同于储层流体的电导率的任何流体。
所述方法被用于监测和研究地层和/或地层内的流体的特性和/或几何范围。所述方法涉及将流体注入到至少一个井眼中。这些被注入的流体具有与地层和/或地层流体形成对比差异的电阻率且/或将会改变地层或地层流体的电阻率。随后将采用电阻率绘图技术对由于注入流体而造成的电阻率的变化进行绘图。为此可采用多种现有的电阻率绘图技术。在最终步骤中，对所述数据进行解释。
例如在美国专利4,617,518；4,633,182；5,770,945；6,603,313；6,842,006和6,717,411中对普通的电阻率绘图技术进行了描述。以前，时移远程电阻率研究方法已被用于进行环境工程研究(Loke，M.H.1999：Electrical imaging surveys for environmental andengineering studies(用于环境工程研究的电成像测绘))。对注入的导电/电阻性的溶液进行的绘图已被用于对地下水的流动型式进行估算(Aaltonen，J.2001：Ground monitoring using resistivitymeasurements in glaciated terrians(在冰蚀地面上采用电阻率测量法进行地面监测).；Park，S.1998：Fluid migration in the vadosezone from 3D inversion of resistivity monitoring data(由电阻率监测数据的三维反演产生的渗流区中的流体运移).；美国专利5,825,188)。美国专利6,739,165中披露了一种适用于监测储层的表面和井筒电阻性绘图的混合方法。在PCT专利WO03/023452中描述了一种用于实施时移电阻率监测的设备。Kaufman和Hoekstra给出了对适于对注入的导电/电阻性流体进行绘图的远程电阻率测绘的更概括的描述(Kaufman A.A.和Hoekstra，P.2001：Electromagneticsoundings(电磁发声探测)Elsevier)。
用于对地层、地层流体和/或注入流体的电阻率进行绘图的技术可以是远程的、直流的或以上两种方式相结合的方式。所述技术或是可应用在频率域中，或是可应用在时间域中。方法可包括，但不限于，采用受控源电磁、大地电磁、直流电方法或这些方法的任意组合进行电阻率绘图。可通过航空测绘从基于陆地的测量和/或基于海洋的测量中收集数据。还可以使用设在一个或多个井眼内的探测器在地下进行数据收集。电磁场、电场或磁场源可以是空中的、基于陆地或基于海洋的、或者被设在井眼内。所述井眼和/或油井套管也可被用作源，或者部分源。源与接收器位置的任意组合都是潜在可能的。
所述示踪剂是一种与地层和/或地层流体相比具有不同电阻率的注入流体。所述注入流体还可具有通过生物、化学或物理手段改变地层或地层流体的电阻率的能力。注入流体的电阻率可随时间而变化从而能够追踪地层内的流体运动。
采用在地球物理学领域众所周知的远程和/或直流电阻率绘图技术对注入流体在特定时间点或一定时间间隔的分布进行探测和绘图。电阻率是一个与流体类型高度相关的参数。电阻率绘图已用于进行油气勘探，如美国专利4,617,518；4,633,182；6,603,313；5,770,945；6,842,006和6,717,411中所述。电阻率绘图在储层监测中的应用如美国专利6,739,165中所述。
一旦已在地层中钻出至少一个井眼，就可以使用所述方法。所述方法可包括在进行注入之前对地层进行电阻率观察，虽然这并不是必需的。另外，注入流体或注入流体与地层流体的混合物可被点燃。在注入过程中和/或在注入后通过进行一次或在选定的时间间隔下进行电阻率绘图，则可以确定注入流体的流径，由此可以确定地层中的渗透性结构和流体含量。注入的示踪剂流体的电阻率或其它特性可随时间而变化。
监测和进行电阻率绘图的程序步骤可能涉及到数据的处理、迁移、建模和/或反演。可通过对在不同时间间隔条件下收集到的电阻率数据进行联合反演和/或连片处理，从而对时移数据进行处理。
除地质数据、生产数据、储层建模和储层模拟以外，地震、重力、磁性和其它地球物理数据也可与电阻率测量以任意组合方式被使用，从而对注入流体的分布或其变化效应进行绘图。这包括在进行电阻率绘图之前、之中和/或之后使用数据。
众所周知的是，地震测绘在探测流体特性和分布方面较差，而这些特性可通过电阻率测绘而更好地被探测到。根据本发明的示踪方法因此与现有方法相比具有明显的优势。
本发明的应用包括：
1)在生产前或在生产过程中对油气藏内的流体分布进行监测。
2)对油气藏或储层模拟装置的流体含量(包括饱和)、孔隙率和渗透性结构进行估算。
实例
本发明的典型应用的一个实例是用于增强开采目的烃(油气)的生产.在本实例中，所述注入流体可以是，但不限于，具有较强导电性的氢氯酸(HCl)和/或氯化钠(NaCl)的水溶液.将这样的示踪剂流体注入到储层中将会导致相对于周围地层和储层内的烃而言产生较大的电阻率差异.通过采用适当的包括现有的电阻率绘图技术可识别出这样的电阻率对比差异.例如，有可能采用受控源电磁发声探测，其中水平偶极子天线和一组电磁场接收器被放置在海床上或者符合任何其它的相关获取构型.相似地，可通过将一个或多个偶极子天线和/或一个或多个接收器放置在油井内从而识别电阻率对比差异.存在许多不同的构型，所述这些构型具有能够识别出电阻率对比差异的潜力且该思想对于不同的设定而言是灵活的.通过研究示踪剂流体的扩散，有可能估算出储层的多个参数，所述参数包括烃的运动、流体含量、渗透性、孔隙率以及更多.注入示踪剂流体可能具有其它优势，例如通过提高次生渗透率和孔隙率而使开采量得到提高.
Claims (20)
1.用于监测具有至少一个井眼的油气藏的一种或多种特性的方法，所述方法包括以下步骤：
将示踪剂流体注入到至少一个井眼中，所述示踪剂流体具有与油气藏的地层和地层流体不同的电阻率，或能够改变地层或地层流体的电阻率；
在油气藏上面的海洋中或空中或陆地上远程测量被注入的示踪剂流体改变的油气藏的电阻率；以及
对所述测量值进行解释，以确定油气藏的特性随时间的变化。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中还在所述至少一个井眼中进行所述电阻率的测量。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中注入的流体的任何特性随时间而变化。
4.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中所述方法进一步包括确定注入流体和/或地层流体的几何范围。
5.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中所述注入流体具有使得能够改变地层、包括地层流体的任何成分的电阻率的特性。
6.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中所述注入流体和/或地层流体或这两种流体的任意混合物被点燃。
7.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中采用受控源电磁方法进行所述电阻率测量，所述方法包括在空中或在陆地上或在海洋上，包括设置在一个或多个井眼外的接收器和/或源。
8.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中采用大地电磁方法在井眼外、在陆地上或在空中或在海上进行所述电阻率测量。
9.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中采用直流电方法在井眼内或井眼外或在陆地上或在空中或在海上进行所述电阻率测量。
10.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中采用频率域方法进行所述解释。
11.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中采用时间域方法进行所述解释。
12.根据权利要求4所述的方法，其中所述确定注入流体的几何范围包括对在不同时间间隔条件下收集到的电阻率绘图数据组进行联合处理。
13.根据权利要求4所述的方法，其中所述确定注入流体的几何范围包括对在不同时间间隔条件下收集到的电阻率绘图数据组进行联合反演。14、根据权利要求4所述的方法，其中在确定注入流体的几何范围的过程中使用地震数据。
15.根据权利要求4所述的方法，其中在确定注入流体的几何范围的过程中使用重力数据。
16.根据权利要求4所述的方法，其中在确定注入流体的几何范围的过程中使用磁性数据。
17.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中所述注入流体是包括氢氯酸(HCl)和/或氯化钠(NaCl)的溶液。
18.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中所述井眼和/或其套管被用作源或作为源的一部分用于进行电阻率测量。
19.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中所述井眼和/或其套管被用作接收器或作为接收器的一部分用于进行电阻率测量.
20.用于绘图油气藏的电阻率的方法，所述方法包括：
将示踪剂流体注入到油气藏中，所述示踪剂流体具有与油气藏不同的电阻率；
采用受控源电磁方法、大地电磁方法、直流电方法中的至少一种，远程监测被注入的示踪剂流体改变的油气藏的电阻率；以及
对所述远程监测到的电阻率的改变进行解释，以确定油气藏的电阻率随时间的变化。
21.用于确定油气藏内的流体流动的方法，所述方法包括：
将示踪剂流体注入到油气藏中，所述示踪剂流体具有与油气藏不同的电阻率；
采用受控源电磁方法、大地电磁方法、直流电方法中的至少一种，远程感测被注入的示踪剂流体改变的油气藏的电阻率，其中在时间间隔内周期地对电阻率的改变进行远程感测；以及
根据所述周期地远程感测的电阻率的改变，确定油气藏的流体流动的特性。
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| NO20044358 | 2004-10-13 | ||
| NO20044358A NO321856B1 (no) | 2004-10-13 | 2004-10-13 | Fremgangsmate for overvaking av resistivitet til en hydrokarbonholdig formasjon ved hjelp av et injisert sporingsfluid |
| PCT/NO2005/000380 WO2006041310A1 (en) | 2004-10-13 | 2005-10-13 | Method for hydrocarbon reservoir monitoring |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN101044417A CN101044417A (zh) | 2007-09-26 |
| CN101044417B true CN101044417B (zh) | 2010-05-05 |
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| CN2005800348466A Expired - Fee Related CN101044417B (zh) | 2004-10-13 | 2005-10-13 | 油气藏监测方法 |
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|---|---|
| US (1) | US8078404B2 (zh) |
| EP (1) | EP1803001B1 (zh) |
| CN (1) | CN101044417B (zh) |
| AP (1) | AP2007003975A0 (zh) |
| AT (1) | ATE544933T1 (zh) |
| AU (1) | AU2005294880A1 (zh) |
| BR (1) | BRPI0515978B1 (zh) |
| CA (1) | CA2583693A1 (zh) |
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- 2005-10-13 WO PCT/NO2005/000380 patent/WO2006041310A1/en active Application Filing
- 2005-10-13 ZA ZA200703512A patent/ZA200703512B/xx unknown
- 2005-10-13 CN CN2005800348466A patent/CN101044417B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP1803001A1 (en) | 2007-07-04 |
| AP2007003975A0 (en) | 2007-06-30 |
| NO321856B1 (no) | 2006-07-17 |
| BRPI0515978B1 (pt) | 2017-05-30 |
| EA200700845A1 (ru) | 2007-08-31 |
| CN101044417A (zh) | 2007-09-26 |
| EP1803001A4 (en) | 2010-04-07 |
| BRPI0515978A (pt) | 2008-08-12 |
| DK1803001T3 (da) | 2012-05-29 |
| TNSN07134A1 (en) | 2008-11-21 |
| EG24708A (en) | 2010-06-02 |
| EA012880B1 (ru) | 2009-12-30 |
| EP1803001B1 (en) | 2012-02-08 |
| US20060076956A1 (en) | 2006-04-13 |
| MA28993B1 (fr) | 2007-11-01 |
| NO20044358L (no) | 2006-04-18 |
| NO20044358D0 (no) | 2004-10-13 |
| CA2583693A1 (en) | 2006-04-20 |
| WO2006041310A1 (en) | 2006-04-20 |
| AU2005294880A1 (en) | 2006-04-20 |
| MX2007004523A (es) | 2007-07-20 |
| US8078404B2 (en) | 2011-12-13 |
| ZA200703512B (en) | 2008-09-25 |
| ATE544933T1 (de) | 2012-02-15 |
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