CN101042855B - Principle, manufacturing method and application of Tai Ji lyre - Google Patents

Abstract

This invention relates to one original harp process principle and method, which comprises the following steps: the picture attached expresses Tai Ji urheen structure; the positive board two adopts epoxy glass distribution layer pressure board, pnenolic aldehyde cotton layer board or paulownia logs or dragon spruce board; the negative film selects speaker vibration film; the sound tube four use paper or film aluminum peeling; the above parts are tightly fixed on hard cylinder end to form vibration system; the harp positive board vibrates to drive negative tube vibrate; the positive board is for strong sound and the negative film sends soft sound.

Description

The principle of Tai Ji lyre, method for making and application

Technical field

What the present invention relates to is a kind of system qin principle and method of novelty, replaces snakeskin promptly with the individual layer vibrating diaphragm in the Dual-layer oscillation membrane replacement traditional instrument of unlike material, and with artificial material.

Background technology

1, have only a large amount of wild animal snake class skins of using of China to cover musical instruments such as system Chinese fiddle at present, the way of this violation country and international relevant regulations makes the future of these traditional instrument of China be under suspicion, and it is imperative to seek possible alternative.Replace snakeskin illiteracy system Chinese fiddle though have human organic plastics film or glued clothing, because principles such as audio and life-span are because of still being difficult to popularization.

2, why the western musical instrument violin is can be in the whole world popular becomes worldwide musical instrument, is and the Chinese urheen of being described as " east violin " difficult to go abroad? except the above-mentioned restriction that is subjected to snakeskin, it also is an important reasons that the audio of urheen is unable to catch up with violin.From this point, urheen also has necessity of reform.

Summary of the invention

Tai Ji lyre is that Chinese mature culture---the musical instrument general name that The book of Changes Tai Ji yin-yang theory designs and produces, its principle can be applied to the development of multiple musical instrument in utilization.For example can make Chinese and Western musical instruments such as Tai Ji urheen, the high Hu of Tai Ji, Tai Ji bass urheen, Tai Ji jinghu, Tai Ji trichord, Tai Ji matouqin, Tai Ji violin with this principle.Be that example illustrates its principle (see figure 1) now with the Tai Ji urheen.

The Tai Ji urheen is removed from office individual layer vibrating diaphragm---the python skin of traditional urheen, with the negative and positive Dual-layer oscillation membrane replacement boa skin of unlike material.Outer vibrating diaphragm (positive plate) is selected insulating material epoxy glass cloth laminated board or phenolic aldehyde cotton layer pressing plate for use; Internal layer vibrating diaphragm (cavity block) is selected the vibrating diaphragm of electronic product loudspeaker for use.The sun plate is connected by the sound pipe with cavity block.During performance, string sounding and pass to positive plate by the qin sign indicating number positive panel vibration is amplified sound under the friction of bow amplifies cavity block vibration carrying out secondary by sound pipe sensing to cavity block again simultaneously.Sun flaggy rigid material, the sound of sending out manly during vibration.Cavity block belongs to flexible material, the sound of sending out submissive during vibration.As long as select proper, the negative and positive coupling, musical instrument just can play out variously temper toughness with gentleness, the sound of graceful harmony.

For avoiding blindness, should follow following principle as the positive plate and the cavity block selection of vibrating membrane:

If the resonance frequency of vibrating diaphragm is f ₀, then

$f_0=\frac{1}{2\mathrm{\π}\sqrt{m_0{c}_0}}$ M in the formula ₀---the equivalent mass c of vibrating diaphragm ₀---the mechanical compliance of vibrating diaphragm

The resonance frequency f of vibrating diaphragm ₀Littler, low frequency better.By formula as seen, m ₀And c ₀Big more, f ₀Be worth more little.Under the certain situation of thickness, increase the area of vibrating diaphragm, just can obtain bass effect preferably.Increase thickness and promptly increase m ₀Though also can reduce f ₀, but can make the sensitivity decline of vibrating diaphragm this moment and influence volume.c ₀It is the mechanical compliance of vibrating diaphragm, in order to characterize the compliance or the compliance restoring force of vibrating diaphragm, Tai Ji lyre requires positive plate to select rigid material for use and elastic restoring force preferably will be arranged, and so not only can take into account high bass but also make positive plate can not produce permanent strain behind the pressure that is subjected to string and sign indicating number for a long time.

Through test, plate is directly selected thick epoxy glass cloth laminated board of 0.5-0.7mm or the thick phenolic aldehyde cotton layer pressing plate of 0.8-1mm for use for φ time sun below 100 millimeters plate, and it is all good that the thick epoxy glass cloth laminated board therebetween one deck silk of perhaps two-layer 0.3mm evenly is bonded into the thick laminate effect of 0.7mm with glue.More than three kinds of plates not only can be used to do the positive plate of Tai Ji urheen, and can be used for making traditional urheen and replace snakeskin.

When plate directly surpasses φ 100,, also can select for use paulownia timber to become the dragon spruce plank to make positive plate except that with the laminate of suitable thickness.

Cavity block is selected flexible material for use.Through test, select for use the vibrating diaphragm of electronic product loudspeaker to substitute ideal.Because the diaphragm of loudspeaker of all size performance is from low-grade, middle-grade to top grade and even tip, the world, number is with 1,100 kinds, and it is very convenient to be used for making all kinds of Tai Ji lyres.

Effective positive plate and the cavity block of connecting of sound is equivalent to the voice coil loudspeaker voice coil in the loudspeaker.The voice coil loudspeaker voice coil that different is in the loudspeaker is by tone currents, and the voice coil loudspeaker voice coil vibration drives the vibrating diaphragm vibrations under the effect of electromagnetic field, and obstructed excess current in the Tai Ji lyre sound pipe, and its focus is from the vibration of string and positive plate, and passes to cavity block by the sound pipe.

The suitable collocation of sun plate and cavity block can be made middle pitch urheen, bass urheen, high pitch urheen, full range band urheen respectively.Their frequency characteristic is respectively as Fig. 3, Fig. 4, Fig. 5, shown in Figure 6.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a kind of structure legend of Tai Ji two-stringed piano drum.Among the figure, 1-qin tube, 2-sun plate, 3-cavity block, 4-sound pipe, 5-packing ring.Sun plate, cavity block, the sound pipe trinity constitute jointly vibrational system.For the sound that makes the cavity block vibration can forwards radiate, positive plate is answered perforate.Fig. 2 is a kind of perforate scheme.The perforate principle is to destroy the plate face less and be beneficial to acoustic radiating as far as possible, and the size in hole and quantity should be determined by experiment.This example is opened six holes altogether, about distance between two nearest holes of plate face center should be plate surface diameter Φ by Fibonacci method ₁About 1/3rd.

Cavity block is infundibulate (also can be plate shaped), is fixed on the packing ring with glue, and packing ring is installed on the interior step of qin tube end.

The sound pipe is the hollow pipe that paper using or thin aluminum top are rolled into, and positive plate, cavity block, the effective glue of sound cement and be fixed on qin tube end mutually, jointly form the vibrational system of qin.

Φ among the figure₁Be qin tube external diameter and positive board diameter, Φ₂Be qin tube end face internal diameter, Φ₃Be cavity block horn mouth external diameter, Φ₄Be inside diameter of gasket, Φ₅Be cavity block bell mouth internal diameter, the external diameter of single tube is slightly less than Φ₅，Φ ₆Be qin tube internal diameter, Φ₇Be qin bar jack internal diameter, L₁Be qin tube length overall, L₂Be the distance between step and the end face sun plate in the qin tube end face. The qin tube both can be circle, also can be hexagonal, anise, ellipse etc. The Tai Ji urheen is except vibrational system is different from traditional urheen, and remainder is basic identical.

The positive plate of unlike material and performance and cavity block collocation can be made the Tai Ji urheen of different frequency characteristic. Fig. 3 is the frequency response curve of middle pitch Tai Ji urheen, and frequency response is 500-5000HZ, and the frequency response of positive plate and cavity block is respectively such as curve a and b among Fig. 3, their synthetic total characteristic such as curve C.

As making bass Tai Ji urheen, then positive plate, cavity block and total characteristic are respectively such as curve a, b, c among Fig. 4.

As making high pitch Tai Ji urheen, then should arrange in pairs or groups by Fig. 5.

As making too level urheen of Whole frequency band, then should arrange in pairs or groups by Fig. 6.

Embodiment

The core technology of Tai Ji urheen is the vibrational system that is constituted jointly by positive plate, cavity block, sound pipe.

Making step is as follows:

A, selection: establishing qin tube external diameter is Φ ₁=96mm, tube length L ₁=136mm, the optional epoxy glass cloth laminated board of then positive plate, its thickness is 0.5-0.7mm, also optional phenolic aldehyde cotton layer pressing plate, its thickness is 0.8-1mm, or is pressed into the thick laminate of about 0.7mm with the thick epoxy glass cloth laminated board therebetween thin,tough silk silk gluing of two-layer 0.3mm.Cavity block is selected Guangzhou state light board multimedia speaker vibrating diaphragm for use, and this loudspeaker model is LF77RZ2604G12NPT8S13CDB, and frequency of operation is 200-15000HZ, can be used to make full range band urheen.The vibrating diaphragm of this type loudspeaker is the funnel type cone, trumpet end bore 77mm, funnel port footpath 13mm.Also can select the vibrating diaphragm of other other close loudspeakers of producer for use.Optional copy paper of the effective material of sound or kraft, also available can aluminium skin.Packing ring is with high-quality three-ply board or five-ply board, the plank of also available and qin tube identical material.Qin tube materials are identical with traditional urheen.

B, part processing: each several part is of a size of L ₁=136mm, L ₂=10mm, Φ ₁=96mm, Φ ₂=88mm, Φ ₃=77mm, Φ ₄=70mm, Φ ₅=13mm, Φ ₆=86mm, Φ ₇=20mm.

Positive plate inner face with fine sandpaper hacking, polishing, is beneficial to glued joint with qin tube and sound pipe, and presses Fig. 2 perforate, and two the hole centre distance nearest from the plate center are 34mm, and the size in hole is respectively 3mm, 4mm, 5mm.

On right cylinder, roll the sound pipe with good quality paper or thin aluminum top.Glue do back right cylinder tread flaking hollow tubular.External diameter of pipe should be slightly less than the funnel bore of cavity block, so that in the smooth and easy cavity block funnel of packing into of sound pipe energy.

Cavity block is the outsourcing finished product, need not processing in addition.

The external diameter of packing ring should coincide with qin tube inwall step, and the packing ring internal diameter should make cavity block that the adhesive surface of 4-5mm be arranged on packing ring less than the loudspeaker bore of cavity block.Gasket thickness is 3-5mm.

C, installation and debugging:

1, packing ring entirely is installed on the step of qin tube inwall and and barrel cement.

2, be installed in cavity block on the packing ring and cement.

3, the positive plate that will process is bonded on the end face of qin tube.

4, the qin tube vertically is placed on the workbench upside down, the cavity block of the sound pipe being packed into from qin tube rear, by the self gravitation effect, the lower end of sound pipe rests in positive plate inner face, and the upper end slightly exceeds the cavity block bell mouth.

5, dipping in the junction that 502 glue stretch into sound pipe and positive plate from qin tube rear with the long handle screwdriver cements the two.

6, pick up the qin tube and press...with one's finger from the outside of positive plate and press the junction of positive plate and sound pipe,, inwardly can see that from the qin tube rear end sound pipe also rises and falls with positive plate along with the fluctuating of exerting pressure of finger.Because the external diameter of sound pipe is less than cavity block funnel bore, this moment, the motion of sound pipe did not involve cavity block.

7, load onto miscellaneous parts such as qin bar, string, qin sign indicating number, and the qin sign indicating number will be in concentric position with the sound pipe, interior string is adjusted to standard D transfer, exterior string decide the A accent.This moment, string and positive plate were outer in normal working point.Because the pressure of string and sign indicating number, positive plate can be to qin tube sunken insides, and it is outstanding outside the cavity block bell mouth to drive the sound pipe, but should not involve cavity block, this moment cavity block still in the raw.

8, dip in the long handle screwdriver that 502 glue extend into the sound pipe behind the qin tube and the lural junction of cavity block cements the two.For ease of this step operation, the qin bar is as long as insert qin tube 1/3rd.

Claims (2)

1. stringed musical instrument vibrational system, comprise positive plate (2), cavity block (3), sound pipe (4) and be used for fixing the packing ring (5) of cavity block, it is characterized in that, the sun plate is installed in face, cavity block is installed in the qin, and positive plate is connected the trinity with cavity block by the sound pipe and is fixed on the qin front end, and positive plate can be selected a kind of in epoxy glass cloth laminated board, phenolic aldehyde cotton layer pressing plate, dragon spruce plate, the paulownia timber for use, cavity block is selected the diaphragm of loudspeaker for use, and available good quality paper of sound pipe or thin aluminum top roll.

2. stringed musical instrument vibrational system according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the shape of cavity block can be infundibulate and also can be plate.

Images