CN101041831A - 活性污泥制氢及其在发电中的应用 - Google Patents

活性污泥制氢及其在发电中的应用 Download PDF

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CN101041831A
CN101041831A CNA2007100269906A CN200710026990A CN101041831A CN 101041831 A CN101041831 A CN 101041831A CN A2007100269906 A CNA2007100269906 A CN A2007100269906A CN 200710026990 A CN200710026990 A CN 200710026990A CN 101041831 A CN101041831 A CN 101041831A
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hydrogen
sludge
minute
attemperation
activated sludge
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张歆
魏娟
刘作涛
袁燕森
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Shantou University
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Shantou University
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
    • Y02W10/30—Wastewater or sewage treatment systems using renewable energies
    • Y02W10/33—Wastewater or sewage treatment systems using renewable energies using wind energy
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
    • Y02W10/30—Wastewater or sewage treatment systems using renewable energies
    • Y02W10/37—Wastewater or sewage treatment systems using renewable energies using solar energy

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  • Treatment Of Sludge (AREA)
  • Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)
  • Preparation Of Compounds By Using Micro-Organisms (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种利用污水处理厂剩余活性污泥厌氧发酵制氢，并利用燃料电池将氢能转化为电能的方法和装置。将剩余污泥进行超声波预处理，调节pH＝2－6，调节温度为20－60℃，通入氮气创造厌氧环境，厌氧发酵10－30小时，以连续产生氢气。并将氢气经碱液纯化后直接送入燃料电池发电。本发明将污泥发酵制氢与利用氢能通过燃料电池发电相结合，实现了剩余污泥处置的减量化及资源化。

Description

活性污泥制氢及其在发电中的应用
【技术领域】
本发明涉及利用微生物厌氧制氢的方法，特别是涉及一种利用城市污水处理剩余的活性污泥制氢的方法。本发明还涉及污泥制得的氢在氢-空质子交换膜燃料电池发电中的应用。
【背景技术】
能源和环保是当今世界各国发展重要关系的两大主题。发展包括太阳能、水电、风能、生物能及氢能等可再生能源，减少对石油、天然气等不可再生能源的依赖已越来越受到各国特别是发达国家的重视。其中生物制氢由于条件温和、低温、低压、低成本等显示出独特的优势。
随着我国经济的发展和城市化速度加快，已有越来越多的污水处理厂投入使用，污水处理量也成倍增加，而随之而来的剩余污泥问题也日益严重，成为难以处理的世纪难题，急需开发新的技术对其进行稳定化、无害化和资源化的处理。目前生物制氢仍处于实验室实验阶段，大多采用加入纯产氢菌以提高产氢速率，但操作条件要求严格，制氢成本较高。存在的另一问题是没有把制氢与氢能相结合，由于氢气的储存及运输较为困难，造成该项目较难推广应用。通过利用剩余污泥厌氧发酵产氢，并控制合适条件，防止甲烷化发生。将所得氢气通入氢-空质子交换膜燃料电池发电，回收电能。这项新技术既处理了污泥又得到了清洁能源，为剩余污泥的减量化、资源化提供一种新途径。
【发明内容】
本发明的目的是提供一种利用城市污水处理剩余的活性污泥制氢的方法。本发明另一目的是提供污泥制得的氢在氢-空质子交换膜燃料电池发电中的应用。
本发明技术方案：一种活性污泥制氢的方法，其特征在于，按以下次序步骤进行：
i、将污水处理剩余的活性污泥在密闭的环境下，在20KHz频率下超声波预处理3-10分钟；
ii、调节初始pH＝2-6，调节温度为20-60℃；
iii、充入氮气2-3分钟排出氧气；
iv、慢速搅拌，避光反应发酵10-30小时，即可产生氢气。
本发明技术方案还包括：步骤i超声波预处理时间为4-8分钟；调节pH＝3-6，调节温度为25-45℃。
本发明技术方案还包括：步骤i超声波预处理时间为5分钟，步骤ii调节pH＝5-6，调节温度为36℃。
本发明技术方案还包括将前述方法制得的氢气在发电中的应用，氢气经碱液纯化后直接送入燃料电池发电，其所用的燃料电池为氢-空质子交换膜燃料电池。
本发明的有益效果：本发明可用于工业化生产，将使城市污水处理厂剩余污泥经厌氧发酵制氢，并将所制得氢气直接送入质子交换膜燃料电池发电，这是一种将剩余污泥处置与燃料电池发电相结合，实现污泥的减量化及资源化。
【具体实施方式】
实施例1：用稀污泥和干污泥共同厌氧发酵产氢气
(1)在1000ml的三角瓶中加入100ml的稀污泥(预先超声波处理5min)，再加入70g左右的干污泥(先稀释再超波处理)，然后加入600ml水，搅拌，使溶液混合均匀；
(2)调节pH值至PH5-6左右；
(3)通氮气2-3分钟，排走反应体系内的空气；
(4)36℃恒温水浴加热，慢速搅拌，避光反应，厌氧发酵。要求反应体系气密性良好。
实施例2：用干污泥厌氧发酵产氢气
(1)在1000ml的三角瓶中加入50g左右的干污泥(先稀释再超声波处理5min)，然后加入600ml水，搅拌，使溶液混合均匀；
(2)调节pH值至5-6左右；
(3)通氮气2-3分钟，排走反应体系内的空气；
(4)36℃恒温水浴加热，慢速搅拌，避光反应，厌氧发酵。
要求反应体系气密性良好。
实验结果：实施例1和2均在反应6小时后开始产生氢气，22小时左右产气结束。共收集到先经过NaOH溶液处理的气体约2100ml。将收集的气体直接通入小型氢-空质子交换膜燃料电池，加上小风扇作负载，驱动风扇连续转动25min，期间电压维持在450～600mV。

Claims (4)

1.一种活性污泥制氢的方法，其特征在于，按以下次序步骤进行：
i、将污水处理剩余的活性污泥在密闭的环境下，在20KHz频率下超声波预处理3-10分钟；
ii、调节初始pH＝2-6，调节温度为20-60℃；
iii、充入氮气2-3分钟排出氧气；
iv、慢速搅拌，避光反应发酵10-30小时，即可产生氢气。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，步骤i超声波预处理时间为4-8分钟；调节pH＝3-6，调节温度为25-45℃。
3.如权利要求2所述的方法，其特征在于，步骤i超声波预处理时间为5分钟，步骤ii调节pH＝5-6，调节温度为36℃。
4.权利要求1所述的方法制得的氢气在发电中的应用，其特征在于，氢气经碱液纯化后直接送入燃料电池发电，所用的燃料电池为氢-空质子交换膜燃料电池。
CNA2007100269906A 2007-02-25 2007-02-25 活性污泥制氢及其在发电中的应用 Pending CN101041831A (zh)

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101270368B (zh) * 2008-05-19 2010-12-29 哈尔滨工业大学 有机废水梯级利用生物产氢的方法
TWI406949B (zh) * 2009-08-25 2013-09-01 Shao Yi Hsia 生物生產氫氣之方法
TWI758844B (zh) * 2020-09-03 2022-03-21 擁泉科技股份有限公司 循環經濟之事業廢棄物資源能源再製造系統與方法

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101270368B (zh) * 2008-05-19 2010-12-29 哈尔滨工业大学 有机废水梯级利用生物产氢的方法
TWI406949B (zh) * 2009-08-25 2013-09-01 Shao Yi Hsia 生物生產氫氣之方法
TWI758844B (zh) * 2020-09-03 2022-03-21 擁泉科技股份有限公司 循環經濟之事業廢棄物資源能源再製造系統與方法

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Open date: 20070926