The chloridizing roasting evaporation preparation technology of anhydrous lanthanum chloride
Technical field
The invention belongs to fine inorganic chemical reagent preparing technical field.Anhydrous lanthanum chloride is the fine inorganic chemical reagent that has significant application value in the rare earth material production, the invention discloses the novel process of preparation anhydrous lanthanum chloride, adopt this technology can prepare the anhydrous lanthanum chloride of higher degree, the anhydrous lanthanum chloride reagent that obtains can be widely used in the fused salt electrolysis process production of lanthanoid metal, the technical fields such as preparation of relevant rare earth material.
Background technology
Along with the development of modern new material technology, anhydrous lanthanum chloride reagent obtains more and more important use in the rare earth material field, and in the process of the relevant rare earth material of development, high-pure anhydrous Lanthanum trichloride often becomes the gordian technique condition of material preparation.Existing so far more anhydrous lanthanum chloride preparation method's research report, these preparation methods mainly contain following several: (1) decompression roasting evaporation: under reduced pressure, the roasting processed by the hydration Lanthanum trichloride is with the preparation anhydrous lanthanum chloride; (2) ammonium chloride chlorination process: generate intermediate compound 2NH by lanthanum trioxide and the reaction of excess chlorination ammonium
4ClLaCl
3, under the decompression roasting condition, make intermediate compound generation thermolysis, thereby obtain anhydrous lanthanum chloride; (3) chemical vapor transport method: in the closed system that keeps the proper temperature gradient, make lanthanum trioxide and excessive Aluminum chloride anhydrous generate gaseous state title complex LaAl in the reaction of comparatively high temps district
3Cl
12, gaseous state title complex diffusion transport gradually deposits anhydrous lanthanum chloride through decomposition reaction again to lower temperature region; (4) other chlorination process: in exhausted water reaction system, adopt tetracol phenixin steam chloride oxidation lanthanum, with the preparation anhydrous lanthanum chloride.In these preparation methods, decompression roasting evaporation and ammonium chloride chlorination process all are difficult to avoid a small amount of Lanthanum trichloride generation hydrolysis, prepared product purity is lower, the preparation process technical qualification of chemical vapor transport method and other chlorination process have relatively high expectations or the reaction process time oversize, be difficult to realize the batch preparations of anhydrous lanthanum chloride.
Because the chemical property of rare earth chloride, the Lanthanum trichloride that is obtained under wet-chemical prepares condition often forms the hydration Lanthanum trichloride, and its saturated chloride monohydrate is the LaCl that contains crystal water
37H
2O adopts the processed method its contained crystal water progressively can be removed, and is yet evaporation prepares anhydrous lanthanum chloride institute inherent technical barrier: must manage fully to suppress moisture muriate generation hydrolysis, to avoid producing Lanthanum monochloride monoxide impurity.In existing decompression roasting dehydration preparation method, reduced pressure helps realizing dewatering, but can not suppress Lanthanum trichloride generation hydrolysis reaction, thereby obtained product still contains more Lanthanum monochloride monoxide impurity.The invention provides the chloridizing roasting evaporation preparation technology of anhydrous lanthanum chloride, with LaCl
37H
2O is an initial feed; adopt the roasting processed under the dry hydrogen chloride protection to carry out the preparation of anhydrous lanthanum chloride; this technology can suppress hydrolysis reaction fully effectively, avoids producing Lanthanum monochloride monoxide impurity, thereby can prepare the anhydrous lanthanum chloride reagent of higher degree.
Summary of the invention
According to the elementary heat chemical process of hydration Lanthanum trichloride generation dehydration reaction, with LaCl
37H
2O is a raw material, adopts the chloridizing roasting evaporation to prepare anhydrous lanthanum chloride, promptly under the dry hydrogen chloride gas protection, with LaCl
37H
2O carries out roasting under proper temperature, make LaCl
37H
2O progressively sloughs contained crystal water, to obtain the anhydrous lanthanum chloride of higher degree.The basic craft course of anhydrous lanthanum chloride preparation is: with LaCl
37H
2O contains into the boat-shaped quartz glass crucibles, sends in the quartz glass tube that is installed on tube type resistance furnace, steel cylinder is adorned dry hydrogen chloride gas feed quartz glass tube, and the maturing temperature that progressively raises through 5~10 hours calcination process, makes LaCl
37H
2O progressively sloughs contained humidity; In the processed process, the hydrogen chloride tail gas that adopts the diluted sodium hydroxide solution absorption system to discharge; After the roasting dehydration finishes, feed the hydrogen chloride gas of high pure nitrogen, take out treated anhydrous powder rapidly, sealed preservation to retain in the pipe blow-through.
In above-mentioned chloridizing roasting processed technology, in order fully to suppress moisture muriate generation hydrolysis, to avoid producing Lanthanum monochloride monoxide impurity, this technology must be taked two gordian technique measures: the suitable maturing temperature of (1) control is the most important condition that suppresses hydrolysis reaction.Under the situation that satisfies the dehydration requirement, should control lower maturing temperature as far as possible, maturing temperature is controlled in 200~300 ℃ usually; (2) feeding dry hydrogen chloride gas is the prerequisite that suppresses hydrolysis reaction.Actual roasting dehydration experiment shows, only depends on the suitable maturing temperature of control, still has a small amount of LaCl
3Hydrolysis reaction takes place, and contains LaOCl impurity in the obtained product to some extent.In roasting processed process, in tube type resistance furnace, continue to feed dry hydrogen chloride gas, to suppress moisture muriate generation hydrolysis reaction fully, can obtain more satisfactory dehydrating effect, thereby prepare the anhydrous lanthanum chloride of higher degree.
With both at home and abroad the report method compare, adopt the prepared anhydrous lanthanum chloride purity of chloridizing roasting processed method than higher, this technology can be applicable to batch preparations anhydrous lanthanum chloride reagent, also can attempt being applied to prepare other light rare earths anhydrous chloride.Utilize above-mentioned dewatering processing device, can prepare nearly tens kilograms of anhydrous lanthanum chlorides at every turn.Making anhydrous lanthanum chloride through the chloridizing roasting processed is the exsiccant white powder, and the anhydrous lanthanum chloride powder is easy to the moisture absorption in air, should give sealing and preserves.
Description of drawings
Chloridizing roasting dehydration experiment equipment used as shown in Figure 1, this equipment comprises hydrogen chloride gas body source, tube type resistance furnace and device for absorbing tail gas.The hydrogen chloride gas body source is a steel cylinder dress dry hydrogen chloride, and steel cylinder is furnished with special corrosion-resistant reducing valve; Quartz glass tube is installed in the tube type resistance furnace, and pending raw material splendid attire is put into the quartz glass tube middle part in the boat-shaped quartz crucible; Pipeline junction keeps good resistance to air loss, and device for absorbing tail gas is used for the hydrogen chloride tail gas that absorption system is discharged.In chloridizing roasting processed process, by polyfluortetraethylene pipe gas continue is fed tube type resistance furnace, the water vapor of deviating from from moisture muriate condensation and splash into the glass surge flask gradually, hydrogen chloride tail gas then enters sodium hydroxide solution and is absorbed.
Embodiment
Embodiments of the invention are listed below:
(1) with 1000g LaCl
37H
2O contains into the boat-shaped quartz glass crucibles, is positioned over the middle part of quartz glass tube in the tube type resistance furnace; Connect whole breather line system, feed the resistance to air loss of high pure nitrogen with the check pipeline; Open tube type resistance furnace and carry out heat treated, open hydrogenchloride gas cylinder reducing valve simultaneously, continue to feed dry hydrogen chloride in stove, air flow maintains 0.5~1 liter/minute.In roasting processed process, the maturing temperature that progressively raises is incubated earlier roasting 0.5 hour respectively under 100 ℃, 150 ℃, 200 ℃, and the furnace temperature to 250 that raises again ℃ was carried out the roasting processed 5 hours, made LaCl
37H
2O progressively sloughs contained crystal water, and water vapor continue to be discharged along with hci gas flow, gradually condensation and splash into the glass surge flask; Adopt diluted sodium hydroxide solution absorbing hydrogen chloride tail gas.The roasting processed comparatively fast is cooled near room temperature furnace temperature after finishing, and feeds high pure nitrogen with hydrogen chloride gas in the pipe blow-through, takes out treated powder rapidly, is sealed preservation.
(2) with 5000g LaCl
37H
2O contains into the boat-shaped quartz glass crucibles, is positioned over the middle part of quartz glass tube in the tube type resistance furnace; Connect whole breather line system, feed the resistance to air loss of high pure nitrogen with the check pipeline; Open tube type resistance furnace and carry out heat treated, continue simultaneously to feed dry hydrogen chloride in stove, air flow maintains 1.5~3 liters/minute.Be incubated earlier roasting 0.5 hour under 100 ℃, 150 ℃, 200 ℃ respectively, the furnace temperature to 230 that raises again ℃ was carried out the roasting processed 8 hours; Adopt diluted sodium hydroxide solution absorbing hydrogen chloride tail gas.The roasting processed comparatively fast is cooled near room temperature furnace temperature after finishing, and feeds high pure nitrogen with hydrogen chloride gas in the pipe blow-through, takes out treated powder rapidly, is sealed preservation.