CN101034138A - Monitoring system of battery capacity - Google Patents
Monitoring system of battery capacity Download PDFInfo
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- CN101034138A CN101034138A CN 200610057308 CN200610057308A CN101034138A CN 101034138 A CN101034138 A CN 101034138A CN 200610057308 CN200610057308 CN 200610057308 CN 200610057308 A CN200610057308 A CN 200610057308A CN 101034138 A CN101034138 A CN 101034138A
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Abstract
A battery capacity monitoring system, at least contains a analog digital converter ADC; the input end couple with a battery, to converse the battery terminal voltage, output current and surface electromotive force of the battery to the corresponding digital signal, A central processing unit CPU, read-only memory ROM, random access memory RAM and a clock pulse generator, provide a time clock referred to the operation of the CPU and generate a real-time interrupted signal RTC to the CPU, when the CPU receive the RTC interrupted signal, perform the preset procedure in ROM, and gain digital signal of ADC output to calculate the battery power, and the results stored in the memory, SMBus interface to read the battery power recorded in RAM, then numbers of LED light, dark, blinking indicates battery capacity. This can be achieved the purpose of monitoring battery power.
Description
Technical field
The invention relates to a kind of capacity monitoring system of rechargeable battery, utilize the capacity monitoring system of this battery can bright, dark with light emitting diode in real time, scintillation response battery capacity.
Background technology
Battery can be described as the power resources of all portable electronic devices.Such as mobile phone, mobile computer, personal digital assistant, walkman or the like all depend on battery that electric power is provided.But battery is a kind of device of accumulating electric weight after all, when portable electronic devices uses with regard to the electric energy of consuming cells.When consume to a certain degree make remaining electric energy be not enough to drive the circuit of this device after, a kind of selection is to lose, another selection then recharges.Generally speaking, no matter consider from environmental protection, still from long-time overall average cost consideration, portable electronic devices can be taked the mode of battery recharge mostly, and the electric energy that consumes is originally replenished.
Certainly, battery can provide the consumed power of time that portable electronic product uses and this portable electronic devices closely bound up, also with battery electric power storage ability confidential relation is arranged.
And battery electric power storage ability is also relevant with the memory effect of accumulator material except relevant with the accumulator material of battery.The memory effect of so-called battery is meant battery in use, owing to can not get discharging completely for a long time, causes the phenomenon of the actual capacity of battery less than true capacity.The characteristic of some element in this phenomenon and the battery is relevant.For example early stage nickel-cadmium battery, recent Ni-MH battery or lithium battery all find to have memory effect in various degree.
Rechargeable battery also has a characteristic that must be noted that, promptly battery terminal voltage and battery capacity relation please refer to discharge curve shown in Figure 1.As shown in the figure, have two voltages to move in the discharge curve and fall a little, promptly when battery charge during to state of saturation and battery electric quantity when soon discharging totally, other situation lower curve is mild.In it and the user the most closely bound up be battery electric quantity when soon discharging totally, the battery terminal voltage sharp fall.At this moment, the electric energy that can emit is very limited, this voltage be commonly referred to as ending discharge voltage (Endof Discharge Voltage, EDV).Ending discharge voltage has two kinds, i.e. first kind low-voltage EDV2, and when battery terminal voltage equals EDV, 8% or 7% (this voltage is also referred to as EDV2 sometimes) that the remaining capacity value of battery may be when charging fully.In addition, also having another important parameters is no-voltage EDV, is called EDV0, and the residual electric energy that refers to battery is 0%.In fact, can not to be located at residual electric energy to ending discharge voltage usually be 0% place to the rechargeable battery of portable electronic devices.Because if a portable electronic devices comprises random access memory, battery is no longer power supply suddenly, will cause not storing data or setting loss of user.In addition, if when this device belongs to patient's medical care product, situation is just more serious, because that may cause sufferer to fall into precarious position at once.
Therefore, intelligent battery management system should possess to be had along with the ability of remaining capacity value for user's reference is provided, particularly the remaining capacity value may be when charging fully warned the user at 20%, 10% o'clock in advance.Perhaps at least in just no longer power supply of EDV2, in order to avoid the declaration ahead of time of this battery is died.
Other has any to must be noted that EDV2 is not is unalterable, and it is relevant with environment temperature, cell degradation degree and the cell load electric current (portable electronic devices discharge current) etc. that use.Refer again to discharge curve shown in Figure 1.Merely setting a fixedly EDV threshold monitoring, and ignore the influence of factors such as environment temperature and discharge current to it, is to can not get correct EDV2's.
Summary of the invention
In view of this, the present invention also further provides a kind of capacity monitoring system of rechargeable battery except the bearing calibration that EDV2 is provided, utilize the capacity monitoring system of this battery, can monitor up-to-date battery capacity.In addition, system of the present invention is further bright, dark with light emitting diode, flicker and improve the resolution of reaction cell capacity, and the present invention will consider the discharge current of environment temperature and battery simultaneously, to obtain battery ending discharge voltage more accurately.
A kind of monitoring system of battery capacity comprises an analog-digital converter (ADC) at least, and its input end is coupled to a battery, is converted to corresponding digital signal in order to terminal voltage, battery output current and battery surface electromotive force with this battery; One CPU (central processing unit) (CPU); Read-only access memory (ROM); A random-access memory (ram) and a time clock generator, the time clock of described CPU running is provided and produces real-time time look-at-me (RTC) and give this CPU, after CPU receives the RTC look-at-me, carry out pre-set programs in the ROM, and these digital signals that obtain the ADC output terminal are carried out the calculating of battery electric quantity, and the result is stored in the RAM storer, and the SMBus interface reads the battery electric quantity of RAM record, and bright, dark with LED again, flicker numerical table shows battery capacity.
The hardware interrupts of RTC is provided, and CPU just carries out the interior pre-set programs of ROM and obtains battery related data and calculating thereof.Therefore, monitoring system of battery capacity of the present invention can use minimum cpu resource to reach the remaining capacity that obtains battery under the condition of economizing electric energy most.In addition, LED shows battery capacity with bright, dark, flicker numerical table, therefore, can be under condition only with five LEDs, acquisition is the resolution of unit with 10%.This is beneficial effect of the present invention.
Description of drawings
In conjunction with appended graphic, can understand the plurality of advantages of foregoing and the present invention by following detailed description easily, wherein:
Fig. 1 is the discharge curve synoptic diagram of battery.
Fig. 2 is the block schematic diagram of monitoring system of battery capacity.
Fig. 3 interrupts synoptic diagram for RTC.
The figure number table of comparisons:
15ADC (analog-digital converter) 20CPU (CPU (central processing unit))
25 gate generator 30ROM (read-only access memory)
Embodiment
As previously mentioned, the ending discharge voltage of battery capacity 7% (7%-EDV or claim EDV2) is since relevant with battery temperature, lasting discharge current etc., so just be necessary to find out a formula, this formula is a variable with battery temperature and discharge current, to obtain EDV2 more accurately.
According to one embodiment of the invention, EDV2 can obtain according to discharge curve, please refer to Fig. 1, and horizontal ordinate is a battery capacity, and ordinate is the terminal voltage of whole string electric battery.Whole string electric battery is meant that battery connected by many batteries.The present invention summarizes discharge curve according to many experimental datas and satisfies following experimental formula (two linear equation in two unknowns formulas):
(I) EDV2=EMC* (256-(discharge current/64+Q
T) * EDV_gain/256)/256
(II) EDV0=EMC* (256-(discharge current/64+Q
T) * EDV_factor/256)/256
Wherein, have only discharge current and Q
TBe the variable relevant with temperature, the discharge current that note that (I) formula is to be unit with mA, and Q
TBe with formula (III) Q
T=[480-(T-5) * 10] * 8/256 calculates and obtains, and this formula is an experimental formula.Only pipe so, when at (I) and (II) calculating, just no longer tube discharge electric current and Q
TUnit, promptly be used as no unit dimension and calculate.
EMC, EDV_gain and EDV_factor then are the parameters of being correlated with, (I) formula all has an identical parameter EMC in reaching (II), and a different parameter is arranged respectively, parameter EDV_gain is in (I) formula, and parameter EDV_factor is in (II) formula, and these three parameters can be utilized default boundary condition and obtain.
Boundary condition (1) is set in 25 ℃ of environment temperatures; with the discharge rate of about 50% battery capacity per hour; recharge till be discharged to holding circuit in the battery management chip (figure do not show) and close discharge by complete, in the discharge process then whole process draw discharge curve.For instance; formed by three crosstalk ponds approximately such as the battery that mobile computer is used; typical volume is 4400mAHr, and then discharge rate is set in continuous discharge under the electric current of 2200mA, and every crosstalk pond was about 3V when the holding circuit in the battery management chip was closed discharge.Total series side voltage in three crosstalk ponds promptly is considered as the EDV0 under 25 ℃ at this moment.EDV2 then finds out (or calculate according to integration method) by discharge curve.Two other boundary condition (2) and (3) can be located at respectively under 45 ℃ and the 5 ℃ of environment temperatures, use the same terms to obtain.Certainly, temperature shown in the above-mentioned boundary condition and discharge rate are only for example convenient for explanation, because during practical operation, also can be the arbitrary temperature between the arbitrary temperature between 40 ℃ to 50 ℃ and 0 ℃ to 10 ℃.In addition, discharge rate also is, so long as rapid discharge gets final product, for example between 30% to 70% all can, be not in order to limit scope of the present invention.
According to the foregoing description, obtain three Q with (III) formula respectively with 5 ℃, 25 ℃ and 45 ℃
TValue, i.e. Q
T1, Q
T2, Q
T3Value, discharge current is the above-mentioned 2200mA of substitution then.According to above-mentioned (I) formula and (II) formula two unknown numbers are respectively arranged, promptly in (I) formula EMC and EDV_gain are arranged, and (II) in the formula EMC, EDV_factor are arranged, the boundary condition of gained can be put into and get final product, so, need only two boundary conditions.
Therefore, when the experimental formula of hypothesis above-mentioned EDV2 and EDV0 and discharge curve were in full accord, then two linear equation in two unknowns formulas should only get final product with two boundary conditions.But it should be noted that above-mentioned formula is an experimental formula after all, therefore, puts an intermediate value temperature (room temperature) more, measures discharge curve, in order to revise when the discharge curve of measuring departs from experimental formula.Show that according to experimental data of the present invention deviation value is many within the allowable error of experiment (being typically below 5%).
When EMC, EDV_gain, three parameters of EDV_factor, utilize after discharge curve under the above-mentioned boundary condition obtains, utilize again monitoring system of battery capacity of the present invention just can revise under discharge current and temperature arbitrarily by discharge temp.
Above-mentioned correction to EDV2 is the framework that depends on following system of the present invention, please refer to Fig. 2, comprise an ADC (analog-digital converter) 15, a CPU (CPU (central processing unit)) 20, a time clock generator 25, a ROM (read-only access memory) 30, one SMBus interface 35 and LED 40.Gate generator 25 provides CPU the time clock of 20 runnings.According to system of the present invention, gate generator 25 provides one to interrupt to CPU 20, because this interruption is the pulse wave signal as shown in Figure 3 that is produced by gate generator 25 in a default set time.The cycle of these pulse wave signals is about 0.5 second (but must not be), at pulse wave signal when low, trigger CPU and produce the pin that interrupts (interrupt), interrupt to produce, therefore being called RTC (real time clock) interrupts, CPU 20 is when RTC interruption each time, output/input interface is with the battery related data of main frame (host), temperature such as battery, the magnitude of voltage of present load current (discharge current) and battery, after ADC 15 is converted to digital signal, read by CPU 20, with the residual electric energy of the program counting cell that prestores in the ROM, result of calculation is stored in working storage or the RAM storer again.As SMBus (smart batterymanagement; When the intelligent battery management) interface 35 moved, CPU can be shown in residual electric energy on the LED according to the content of working storage.Main frame also can be read residual electric energy via SMBus interface 35.
In detail, when electric current flows through a known pull-up resistor value, as long as obtain the simulating signal of the cross-pressure of pull-up resistor, again through ADC 15 be converted to digital signal the time, CPU 20 is as long as just can learn load current value according to the size of this digital signal.The magnitude of voltage of battery then also can be learnt through the conversion of ADC 15 by the terminal voltage of battery, offer CPU 20 again.The temperature of battery then obtains electromotive force by for example small-sized thermopair of temperature sensor, and electromotive force offers CPU 20 via the conversion of ADC 15, just can learn the temperature of battery.The residual electric energy of the digital signal that 20 foundations of CPU obtain (being the signal of magnitude of voltage after ADC 15 conversions of battery temperature, load current and battery) counting cell.
Generally speaking, battery capacity is to be unit of account with Milliampere Hour (mAHr), even will reach the remaining capacity of certain monitoring battery, the time that each RTC interrupts, just must be proofreaied and correct.According to embodiments of the invention, interrupting as above-mentioned each RTC is regular length, be about 0.5 second, but the not necessarily real time, therefore, the calculation procedure in the ROM of the present invention is just done time adjustment earlier before dispatching from the factory, promptly in the RTC of the certain number of accumulation, have no progeny, for example 120 RTC interrupt, and utilize the pulse reference clock of main frame or known clock, the time of proofreading and correct each RTC.Therefore, according to embodiments of the invention, crystal oscillator can be very accurately but crystal oscillator at a low price get final product.After trying to achieve the real time, the battery remaining electric energy can utilize the coulometer algorithm to calculate the electric capacity that flows to and flow out battery.
Be exactly in more detail: the quantity of electric charge of the quantity of electric charge-battery self discharging that flows out during the quantity of electric charge that flows to during the quantity of electric charge when battery remaining power=battery is full of+battery charge-battery discharge.
The so-called quantity of electric charge is exactly an electric current to the integration of time, promptly utilizes the voltage by resistance to calculate electric current.If being negative value, voltage difference then is considered as discharge, discharge capacity is deposited among the discharge working storage DC (dischargecounter), if on the occasion of then being considered as charging, charging capacity is deposited among the charging working storage CC (chargecounter), under the condition of not considering the battery self discharging, the difference of CC and DC be exactly integral battery door residual capacity RM (remaining capacity, RM=CC-DC).
For making things convenient for the user to understand battery remaining capacity, be to show with five LEDs 40 to represent that the resolution of demonstration can reach 10% battery capacity according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.When five LEDs lined up for 5 whens row, following formula can allow user's present residual capacity of interpretation battery at an easy rate.
When flicker wherein: capacity=(a bright number-1) * 20%+1 flicker * (0 to 10%)
When LED is not bright when being exactly dark: capacity=(a bright number-1) * 20%+ (10% to 20%)
Also can allow the user read the remaining capacity of battery at an easy rate according to the following form of above two formula:
Form one is when using five LEDs to represent remaining capacity.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | Battery capacity % |
| Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | 90-100 |
| Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Flicker | 80-90 |
| Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | 70-80 | |
| Bright | Bright | Bright | Flicker | 60-70 | |
| Bright | Bright | Bright | 50-60 | ||
| Bright | Bright | Flicker | 40-50 | ||
| Bright | Bright | 30-40 | |||
| Bright | Flicker | 20-30 | |||
| Bright | 10-20 | ||||
| Flicker | 0-10 |
Certainly, using five LEDs (resolution is 10%) only is a wherein preferred embodiment.Use four LEDs to represent that remaining capacity (resolution is 12.5%) or three (resolution is in 16%) even two (resolution is 25%) or one (resolution is 50%) are good.
For example, when using four LEDs to represent remaining capacity, please refer to form two.
Form two
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | Battery capacity % |
| Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | 87.5-100 |
| Bright | Bright | Bright | Flicker | 75-87.5 |
| Bright | Bright | Bright | 62,5-75 | |
| Bright | Bright | Flicker | 50-62.5 | |
| Bright | Bright | 37.5-50 | ||
| Bright | Flicker | 25-37.5 | ||
| Bright | 12.5-25 | |||
| Flicker | 0-12.5 |
When using three LEDs to represent remaining capacity, please refer to form three.
Form three
| 1 | 2 | 3 | Battery capacity % |
| Bright | Bright | Bright | 83-100 |
| Bright | Bright | Flicker | 66-83 |
| Bright | Bright | 50-66 | |
| Bright | Flicker | 33-50 | |
| Bright | 16-33 | ||
| Flicker | 0-16 |
In sum, the present invention has following advantage:
(1) according to monitoring system of battery capacity of the present invention, crystal oscillator can be very accurately but crystal oscillator at a low price get final product.
(2) because interruption of the present invention is to be produced by the RTC hardware interrupts, CPU20 only goes to carry out the relevant data of battery when RTC interrupts, rather than the software interruption that just produces when carrying out a program of CPU20, therefore, according to monitoring system of battery capacity of the present invention, the monitoring of battery electric quantity can not take the resource of too many CPU20, can save the power consumption of CPU wholesale yet.CPU20 can do other data processing relevant with battery when the non-RTC of above-mentioned pulse wave interrupts.
(3) have only the LED of (five) on a small quantity, just resolution can be promoted be 10% battery capacity.
Though the present invention illustrates as above with preferred embodiment, so it is not that the modification of being done in not breaking away from spirit of the present invention and scope all should be included in the claim scope in order to qualification the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. monitoring system of battery capacity is characterized in that comprising:
One analog-digital converter ADC, its input end is coupled to a battery, is converted to corresponding digital signal in order to terminal voltage, battery output current and battery surface electromotive force with this battery;
One central processing unit CPU;
Read-only access memory ROM;
Random access memory ram;
One time clock generator, the time clock of described CPU running is provided and produces real-time time look-at-me RTC to this CPU, this CPU carries out pre-set programs in the ROM after receiving the RTC look-at-me, and the digital signal that obtains the ADC output terminal carries out the calculating of battery electric quantity, and the result is stored in RAM storer or working storage;
Many LEDs; And
The SMBus interface, during this SMBus interface actions, CPU is according to the battery electric quantity of RAM storer or working storage record, shows with bright, dark, the flicker numerical table of described LED.
2. the system as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, described RTC interrupts interrupting in per 0.5 second once, and promptly proofreaies and correct before monitoring system of battery capacity dispatches from the factory in advance, to obtain interruption times under 1 minute real time, uses the remaining capacity that calculates battery.
3. the system as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, a described LED number is five and is arranged into five rows, and calculates its capacity with following formula:
When flicker wherein: capacity=(a bright number-1) * 20%+1 flicker * (0 to 10%);
When LED is not bright when being exactly dark: capacity=(a bright number-1) * 20%+ (10% to 20%).
4. the system as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the time of the generation of described each RTC is utilized the pulse reference clock of main frame or known clock correction with the interruption of having no progeny among the RTC that accumulates certain number, to draw the time that RTC of average generation interrupts.
5. the system as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, a described LED number is four and is arranged into 4 rows that its resolution is 12.5%; A described LED number is three and is arranged into three rows that its resolution is 16%; A described LED number is two and is arranged into two rows that its resolution is 25%.
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Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN102445666A (en) * | 2011-12-21 | 2012-05-09 | 天津市贲雷科技发展有限公司 | Laptop battery monitoring system and monitoring method |
| CN102681638A (en) * | 2011-03-10 | 2012-09-19 | 深圳立讯精密工业股份有限公司 | Light-emitting device and application of light-emitting device to displaying notebook power |
| CN103872797A (en) * | 2014-03-24 | 2014-06-18 | 北京工业大学 | Passive Wi-Fi prompting paster |
| CN103901345A (en) * | 2012-12-25 | 2014-07-02 | 重庆长安汽车股份有限公司 | Storage battery electric quantity detection apparatus and method |
| CN104317688A (en) * | 2014-10-10 | 2015-01-28 | 中国电子科技集团公司第四十一研究所 | Battery state detection method |
| CN104617613A (en) * | 2015-01-13 | 2015-05-13 | 深圳拓邦股份有限公司 | Charging/ discharging protection plate of lithium battery pack and lithium battery pack protection system |
| CN104914383A (en) * | 2015-06-26 | 2015-09-16 | 双竞科技有限公司 | Battery health condition detection module, system thereof and battery with detection module |
| CN105866507A (en) * | 2016-04-06 | 2016-08-17 | 杰华特微电子（张家港）有限公司 | Power supply device, and terminal current detection method and system |
| CN108646905A (en) * | 2018-06-04 | 2018-10-12 | 天津鹍骐科技有限公司 | SMBus bus-based electric quantity state display module |
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| CN102681638A (en) * | 2011-03-10 | 2012-09-19 | 深圳立讯精密工业股份有限公司 | Light-emitting device and application of light-emitting device to displaying notebook power |
| CN102445666B (en) * | 2011-12-21 | 2013-12-11 | 天津市贲雷科技发展有限公司 | Laptop battery monitoring system and monitoring method |
| CN102445666A (en) * | 2011-12-21 | 2012-05-09 | 天津市贲雷科技发展有限公司 | Laptop battery monitoring system and monitoring method |
| CN103901345A (en) * | 2012-12-25 | 2014-07-02 | 重庆长安汽车股份有限公司 | Storage battery electric quantity detection apparatus and method |
| CN103872797B (en) * | 2014-03-24 | 2016-06-01 | 北京工业大学 | A kind of passive Wi-Fi prompting label |
| CN103872797A (en) * | 2014-03-24 | 2014-06-18 | 北京工业大学 | Passive Wi-Fi prompting paster |
| CN104317688A (en) * | 2014-10-10 | 2015-01-28 | 中国电子科技集团公司第四十一研究所 | Battery state detection method |
| CN104317688B (en) * | 2014-10-10 | 2018-06-19 | 中国电子科技集团公司第四十一研究所 | A kind of battery status detection method |
| CN104617613A (en) * | 2015-01-13 | 2015-05-13 | 深圳拓邦股份有限公司 | Charging/ discharging protection plate of lithium battery pack and lithium battery pack protection system |
| CN104914383A (en) * | 2015-06-26 | 2015-09-16 | 双竞科技有限公司 | Battery health condition detection module, system thereof and battery with detection module |
| CN105866507A (en) * | 2016-04-06 | 2016-08-17 | 杰华特微电子（张家港）有限公司 | Power supply device, and terminal current detection method and system |
| CN105866507B (en) * | 2016-04-06 | 2019-03-29 | 杰华特微电子（张家港）有限公司 | Power-supply device, terminal current detection method and system |
| CN108646905A (en) * | 2018-06-04 | 2018-10-12 | 天津鹍骐科技有限公司 | SMBus bus-based electric quantity state display module |
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