CN101030952B

CN101030952B - For obtaining the method and apparatus of the state transitions of synchronous state machine in electronic system

Info

Publication number: CN101030952B
Application number: CN200710087664.6A
Authority: CN
Inventors: Q·邹; G·A·威利; B·斯蒂尔
Original assignee: Qualcomm Inc
Current assignee: Qualcomm Inc
Priority date: 2000-12-15
Filing date: 2001-12-14
Publication date: 2016-03-09
Anticipated expiration: 2021-12-14
Also published as: KR20090087513A; CA2725844C; TW577208B; CA2726149A1; MXPA03005310A; HK1067477A1; CA2431492C; IL156385A0; KR100978497B1; AU2002227359B2; KR20030061001A; RU2003121400A; EP1342352A2; CN100473058C; CN1543734A; AU2735902A; CA2725878C; CA2725878A1; BR0116157A; KR100944843B1

Abstract

For transmitting the data-interface of numerical data between main frame and client computer on the communication path using packet configuration to link together, form the communication protocol for transmitting the digital control and display data that a group is selected in advance.Signaling protocol is used by link controller, for generation of, send and receive and form the grouping of communication protocol, and numerical data is formed the packet of one or more type, wherein at least one is in the host device resident and be coupled to client computer by communication path.That interface provides cost efficient in the data link of short distance " serial " type, lower powered, two-way high-speed data transfer mechanism, it makes to realize with micro connector and thin flexible cable itself, they by such as can the such display element of wearable display be connected to portable computer and radio communication device time be particularly useful.

Description

For obtaining the method and apparatus of the state transitions of synchronous state machine in electronic system

The divisional application that the application is the applying date is December 14 calendar year 2001, application number is 01822583.7, denomination of invention is the application for a patent for invention of " communication protocol transmitted for high data rate signal and the generation of interface and realization ".

Background of invention

I. invention field

The present invention relates to the digital signal protocol of high data rate transmission signal between host communication device and Client audio/video display devices and process.The data of multimedia or other type are sent to the technology of micro-display unit or other display unit by the transfer mechanism that the invention particularly relates to a kind of low-power high data rate from wireless device.

II. correlation technique

The product that computer, electronic game are correlated with and various video technique are (such as, the VCR of DVD and high definition) large much progress in the past few years, even if when comprising certain class text, also can manifest having more high-resolution static state, video, video request program and graph image to the terminal use of this equipment.These progressive electronic viewing devices requiring again use high-resolution, such as high definition video monitor, HDTV monitor or special image projection element.In order to create more real, abundant in content or real multimedia experiences for terminal use, employ the combination of this visual image and high definition or high-quality voice data, for example (,) when use the audio reproduction of CD type, DVD and other also there is the device that associate audio signal exports time.In addition, in order to only by audio presentation to terminal use, develop high mobility, high-quality audio system and music transport mechanisms, such as MP3 cassette player.

In typical video presenting situation, video data generally transmits by current techniques, and transfer rate is preferably slow and medium, on the order of magnitude of one to ten kilobits per second.Then, this data or be buffered or be stored in the storage device of transition or longer-term limit, in order to (after a while) delayed is expecting the display on viewing apparatus.Such as, in order to receive or send with data useful during digital reproduction one image, image can " by " or to transmit with the Internet, use the program resided in on the computer of modulator-demodulator or internet connection device.When use such as be furnished with the portable computer of radio modem or wireless personal data assistant (PDA) or radio telephone such wireless device time, similar transmission also can occur.

Data, once received, are just stored locally in order to playback in memory element, circuit or the device comprising external memory, such as RAM or flash memory.According to data bulk and image resolution ratio, playback can relatively quickly start, or is shown after comparatively long delay.That is, in some cases, image manifests the real-time playback not needing perhaps multidata image to allow to a certain degree for very little and low resolution, or allows to use certain class buffering, to manifest some materials after little time delay, and more material is transmitted.Do not have obstacle assuming that transmit in link, so once manifest beginning, it is exactly rationally transparent for transmitting for the terminal use of viewing apparatus.

For to create or the data of still image or sport video are compressed with one of multiple known technology usually, such as by the technology of other the famous normal structure transmitted in order to the data accelerated on communication link in JPEG (joint photographic experts group) (JPEG), Motion Picture Experts Group (MPEG) and media, computer and communication industry or company's defined.This transmits image or data quickly by using the bit of lesser amt to send quantitative information to.

Once data are sent to such " this locality " device of such as computer or other device, the information produced is unpressed (or playing with special decoding players) and gets out the suitable display based on corresponding available display resolution and controlling element.Such as, generally reach 480x640 from low by the typical computer video resolution that X takes advantage of the screen resolution of Y pixel to represent, through 600x800 until 1024x1024, but also can or according to expectation or use other resolution multiple as required.

Image manifests the impact of the performance being also subject to picture material and given Video Controller steers image, this performance predefined color level or color depth (the every pixel bit for generation of color) and density represent, and can use any additional overhead-bits.Such as, typical Computer display can be expected to show various color (shade and colourity) from being about 8 to 32 every pixel bits or more Anywhere, but also can run into other value.

Can see from above-mentioned value, given screen picture requires from 2.45 megabits (Mb) to the transmission data being Anywhere about 33.55Mb, respectively from minimum to the scope of the highest typical resolution and the degree of depth.When with the image of the speed of 30 frames per second viewing video or type of sports, required data volume is about 73.7 to 1006 megabits (Mbps) per second, or is about 9.21 to 125.75 megabits (MBps) per second.In addition, people may expect that combining image manifests voice data together, such as multimedia presentation, or manifest as the high definition audio separated, such as CD quality music.Also the additional signal process of interactive instruction, control or signal can be used.Each of these options with the addition of more data that will be transmitted.Under any circumstance, when people to expect in order to content creating enriching experiences high-quality or high-resolution view data and high-quality audio-frequency information or data-signal to be transferred to terminal use, manifesting element and requiring high data transfer rate link for providing between the source of this data type or host apparatus.

The data rate being about 115 kilobytes (KBps) or 920 kilobytes (Kbps) per second can by modern serial interfaces conventional treatment.Other interface that such as USB serial line interface is such can provide speed up to the data transmission of 12MBps, and such as uses the specialized high-speed transmission of Institute of Electrical and Electric Engineers (IEEE) 1394 standard configuration can occur on the order of magnitude of 50 to 100MBps.Unfortunately, these rates are less than the expectation high data rate of above-mentioned discussion, the above-mentioned high data rate conceived for wireless data device and service in future, for providing high-resolution, abundant in content output signal for excitation portable video display or audio devices.In addition, these interface requirements use in a large number for the main frame that operates or system and client software.Their software protocol stack also creates a large amount of less desirable expense, especially when considering portable radio or phone application.And some such interfaces employ bulky cable, they, for too heavy for highly aesthetic Mobile solution and unsatisfactory, increase the complicated connector of cost, or are only consume too many power.

Also have other interface known, such as analog video graphic array (VGA) interface, Digital Video Interactive (DVI) interface or Gigabit Video Interface (GVIF).The first two is the interface of parallel-type, and they are with higher transmission rate deal with data, but also uses heavy cable and consume a large amount of power in some wattage magnitudes.These two kinds of characteristics all can not be used for Portable consumer electronic's device.Even if the third interface also consumes too many power and employ expensive or huge connector.

For some above-mentioned interface, and very two-forty data system/agreement or transmit relevant transfer mechanism to the data for fixedly mounting computer equipment, there is the shortcoming that another is main.In order to provide expected data transfer rate, also require the operation under a large amount of power and/or high current level.This considerably reduce the serviceability of this technology for the product satisfied the needs of consumers of highly movement.

Generally speaking, in order to such as fiber type connect and the alternative such as conveying element provides this data transfer rate, so for desired by the product that actual commercialization is satisfied the needs of consumers, also require some additional inverter introducing complexity and cost and element.Except the general expensive nature of optical system up to now, their power requirement and complexity hinder the general use of light weight, low-power, portable use.

What lack during portable or Mobile solution is industrial is a kind ofly provide high-quality to manifest the technology of experience for height mobile phone users, no matter is based on audio frequency, video or multimedia.That is, when using portable computer, as radio telephone, PDA or other height mobile communications device or equipment, the video of current use or audio presentation system or device can not export with the high quality level transmission expected completely.Usually, the quality of the shortage discovered is the result that can not obtain the high data rate transmitted needed for high-quality display data.Therefore, need a kind of new transfer mechanism to increase the host apparatus of data is provided and output is manifested to the data throughput between the client display device of terminal use or element.

Summary of the invention

Embodiments of the invention, for above-mentioned defect and this area other defect existing, wherein develop a kind of new agreement and data transfer mechanism, for transmitting data with high data rate between host apparatus and subscribing client device.

The advantage of the embodiment of the present invention is, provides a kind of technology transmitted for data, it has low complex degree, low cost, high reliability, is applicable to environment for use and very sane, and still very flexible.

Embodiments of the invention are for mobile digital data-interface (MobileDigitalDataInterface), for transmitting numerical data with two-forty between host apparatus and client apparatus on a communication path, this communication path employs multiple and a series of packet configuration, and they are joined together to form the communication protocol for transmitting one group of previously selected digital control and impression data between main frame and client apparatus.Signal communication protocol or link layer used by the physical layer of main frame or client link controller.Resident at least one link controller is in the host device coupled with client apparatus by communication path or link, and for generation of, send and receive and form the grouping of communication protocol, and digital displaying data is formed the packet of one or more types.Interface provides the bidirectional information transmission between main frame and client computer.

Also have in some of the present invention, at least one client link controller or client receiver are deployed in client apparatus, and are coupled with host apparatus by communication path or link.Client link controller be also configured to for generation of, send and receive and form the grouping of communication protocol, and digital displaying data is formed the packet of one or more types.Generally speaking, main frame or link controller prepare and query processing and using state machine in order to the signal of packet used in processing instruction or certain type, but slower general processor can be used to handle some more uncomplicated grouping used in data and communication protocol.Console controller comprises one or more differential line driver; And client receiver comprises the one or more Differential line receiver be coupled with communication path.

Be grouped in the media frame that transmits between main frame and client apparatus and combine, media frame has predefined regular length, with the grouping of the predetermined quantity of different variable-length.Grouping respectively comprises a block length field, one or more packet data field and a CRC field.Sub-frame Header be grouped in from host link controller other grouping transmission start time transmitted or located.In order to video type data and audio type data being sent to client computer from main frame respectively will manifest on the forward link to user, communication protocol uses one or more Video Stream type to divide into groups and Audio Stream type divides into groups.Communication protocol uses one or more Reverse Link Encapsulation type packet that data are sent to host link controller from client apparatus.

In order to occupy there is no data forward link transmissions during, host link controller produce filler (Filler) type packet.Communication protocol uses other classes of packets multiple to transmit video information.This grouping comprises chromatic graph, bit block transmission, Bitmap Area Fill, Bitmap Pattern Fill and the enable type packet of Transparent color.The user-defined stream type grouping of communication protocol transmits the data of Interface User definition.Data are imported into and are spread out of the user input apparatus relevant to described client apparatus by communication protocol keyboard data and the grouping of indicating device data type.Communication protocol Link Shutdown type divides into groups the data transmission terminated in described communication path either direction.

Communication path generally comprises or uses the cable with a series of four or multiple conducting wires and a shielding.In certain embodiments, link controller comprises usb data interface, and cable uses interface and other wire of USB type.In addition, printed circuit or flexible wire can be used as required.

In order to determine that described client computer can provide data and the data rate of which kind of type by described interface, host link controller is to customer set up request display performance information.Client link controller by least one display performance type packet by display or manifest performance and be sent to host link controller.Communication protocol uses multiple transfer mode, each allows the data that parallel convey maximum number bits is different in preset time section.These transfer modes are dynamically adjustable during data transmit, and do not need on reverse link to use and identical pattern used on the forward link.

In the other side of some embodiments of the invention, host apparatus comprises radio communication device, as radio telephone, wireless PDA or the portable computer wherein deploying radio modem.Typical customers machine comprises portable video display, as micro-display unit, and/or portable audio presentation system.And main frame can use storage device or element to store will to be manifested to client device user by manifesting or multi-medium data of transmitting.

Accompanying drawing is sketched

Below with reference to the accompanying drawings further characteristic of the present invention and advantage is described, and the structure of various embodiments of the invention and operation.In the accompanying drawings, identical label generally represents identical, intimate and/or the element of structural similarity or treatment step, and the accompanying drawing at place appears in the numeral element first time in reference number on leftmost bit.

Fig. 1 a illustrates the Essential Environment that the present invention can work wherein, comprises combined type portable computer and the micro-display unit used.

Fig. 1 b illustrates the Essential Environment that the present invention can work wherein, comprises combining wireless transceiver and the micro-display unit used and audio presentation elements.

Fig. 2 illustrates total concept of the mobile digital data-interface (MobileDigitalDataInterface) with main frame and client interconnection.

Fig. 3 illustrates the packet configuration that the data for realizing from client apparatus to host apparatus transmit.

Fig. 4 describes MDDI link controller and signal type that the physical data link conductors of type-I and Type-U interface transmits between main frame and client computer.

Fig. 5 describes MDDI link controller and signal type that the physical data link conductors of type-II, II and IV interface transmits between main frame and client computer.

Fig. 6 illustrates the structure for the frame and subframe realizing interface protocol.

Fig. 7 illustrates the general packet configuration for realizing interface protocol.

Fig. 8 illustrates the form that Sub-frame Header divides into groups.

Fig. 9 illustrates the format and content that filler divides into groups.

Figure 10 illustrates the form of stream of video packets.

Figure 11 illustrates the format and content of the video data format descriptor symbol of Figure 10.

The grouping of Figure 12 data and the use of non-packet format.

Figure 13 illustrates the form that audio stream divides into groups.

Figure 14 the byte-aligned of data is described with the use of PCM form of grouping.

Figure 15 illustrates the form of user-defined flow point group.

Figure 16 illustrates the form that chromatic graph divides into groups.

Figure 17 illustrates the form that Reverse Link Encapsulation divides into groups.

Figure 18 illustrates the form that display performance divides into groups.

Figure 19 illustrates the form that keyboard data divides into groups.

Figure 20 illustrates the form of indicating device packet.

Figure 21 illustrates the form that link-down divides into groups.

Figure 22 illustrates the form of display request and status packet.

Figure 23 illustrates the form of bit block transmission grouping.

Figure 24 illustrates the form that Bitmap Area Fill divides into groups.

Figure 25 illustrates the form that Bitmap Pattern Fill divides into groups.

Figure 26 illustrates the form that Communication Link Data Channel divides into groups.

The form of Figure 27 specification interface Type Handoff Request grouping.

The form of Figure 28 specification interface type acknowledgment packet.

Figure 29 illustrates and performs the form that type switches grouping.

Figure 30 illustrates the form of the enable grouping of forward direction voice-grade channel.

Figure 31 illustrates the form that reverse audio sample rate is divided into groups.

Figure 32 illustrates the form that digital content protection expense is divided into groups.

Figure 33 illustrates the form that Transparent color just can be divided into groups.

Figure 34 illustrates that round trip delay time measures the form of grouping.

The sequential of event during Figure 35 illustrates round trip delay time measurement grouping.

Figure 36 illustrates the example implementation being used for CRC generator of the present invention and verifier.

Figure 37 a describes the CRC signal sequence of Figure 36 device when sending packet.

Figure 37 b describes the CRC signal sequence of Figure 36 device when receiving packet.

Figure 38 describes the treatment step of sleazy typical service request.

Figure 39 describes link and restarts the treatment step that sequence starts afterwards, starts with link the typical service request of content.

Figure 40 describes how to send data sequence with DATA-STB coding.

Figure 41 describes and produces DATA and STB signal at main frame place from input data, then recover data Circuits System used in client computer.

Figure 42 illustrates driver and terminating resistor for realizing the embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 43 by client computer for ensure from the safety of host services and by main frame for providing step and the signal level of this service.

The relative spacing that Figure 44 illustrates Data0, changes between other data wire (DataX) and select lines (Stb).

Figure 45 illustrates when main frame contingent response time delay during forbidding host driver after transmitting grouping.

Figure 46 illustrates the contingent response time delay when main frame enables host driver to transmit grouping.

Figure 47 illustrates that host receiver input end is by the data time sequence that transmits and the relation between strobe pulse forward position and rear edge.

Figure 48 illustrates the commutativity and corresponding client computer output time delay that are formed by reverse data sequential.

Figure 49 illustrates the high level figure of signal transacting step, can by it with state machine for the present invention realizes synchronously.

Figure 50 illustrates and uses the general time delay quantity that in the system of MDDI, on forward direction and reverse path, signal transacting is met.

Figure 51 illustrates marginal round trip Time delay measurement.

Figure 52 illustrates that reverse link data rate changes.

Figure 53 illustrates the graphical presentation of the value of Reverse Rate Divisor versus forward link data speed.

Figure 54 a and 54b illustrates the step of setting about in interface operation.

Figure 55 illustrates the summary of driver, receiver, processor and state machine for realizing the embodiment of the present invention.The detailed description of embodiment

I. summarize

General object of the present invention provides a kind of mobile display digital interface (MDDI) as described below, it cause or provide cost effective, the transfer mechanism of low-power consumption, allow the high speed between host apparatus and display unit in short-range communication link or data transmission very at a high speed, this communication link uses " serial " type of data link or channel.This mechanism can realize with micro connector and thin flexible cable, and they are especially effective such as wearing when micro-display (eyepiece or projector) such display element or device are connected to portable computer, radio communication device or entertainment device.

The present invention can be used for multiple occasion, with two-forty by mass data, be generally audio frequency, video or multimedia application, from generation or store main frame or the source apparatus transmission of this kind of data or be sent to client display or visualization means.Following typical apply is sent to visual displays by data or from portable computer or from radio telephone or modulator-demodulator, as small video screen maybe can wear micro-display device, such as with the form of the eyepiece or the helmet that comprise little projecting mirror and screen.

Characteristic or the attribute of MDDI are, they are independent of specific display technology.This is a kind of mechanism of high flexible, for transmitting data with two-forty, and does not consider the function aspects of the internal structure of these data and its data of realizing or instruction.This allows to regulate the sequential by the packet transmitted, and is applicable to the speciality of the unique display desires of particular display device or certain device, or meets the combining audio of some A-V system and the requirement of video.Interface is complete display element or unknowable client apparatus, as long as according to selected agreement.In addition, add up to serial link data or data rate can change along with some orders of magnitude, make communication system or host device designer can optimize expense, power requirement, client device complexity and display unit renewal rate.

The data-interface provided is mainly used in transmitting a large amount of high-speed data on " wired " signal link or little cable.But, some application also can utilize wireless link, comprise the link based on optics, as long as it is configured to use the grouping identical with data-interface with the grouping of developing for interface protocol and data-interface, and maintain the expectation rank transmitted with enough low-power consumption in order to reality is available.

II. environment

Visible a kind of typical application in Fig. 1 a and 1b, the portable or laptop computer 100 shown in it and radio telephone or PDA device 102 transmit data with 106 and audio reproducing system 108 with display unit 104 respectively together with 110.Wireless device currently can receive data or in memory element or device, store the multimedia type data of quantification above, is observed and/or listen to for manifesting after a while by the terminal use of wireless device.Communicate with plain text because typical wireless device most of time is used to speech, therefore it has small display for information being sent to device 102 user and simple audio system (loud speaker).

Computer 100 has larger screen and still not enough external sound system, and still not as other multi-media display devices such as such as high definition TV or motion picture screen etc.In order to illustration purpose employs computer 100, but the present invention also can use the processor of other types, interactive video games or consumer electronics device.Computer 100 can use but be not limited to radio modem or other built in device for radio communication, or is connected with this device with cable or wireless link as required.

This makes to manifest more complicated or " enriching " data is not effective or pleasant experience.Therefore, industrially developed other mechanism and devices, information manifested to terminal use and provide lowermost level else to expect to enjoy or experience certainly.

As mentioned above, to have developed or information manifests to the terminal use of device 100 by the current display unit developing some types.Such as, one or more company has developed and can wear eyepiece group, for manifesting vision display and in the drawing axis projects images of device users.When being correctly positioned, this device is " projection " virtual image effectively, and as eyes of user is viewed, this is much larger than the element providing vision to export.That is, very little projection element makes eyes of user " can see " image of more vast scale, may with typical lcd screen etc.Other display unit can be including, but not limited to, little lcd screen or various flat panel displaying element, projecting mirror and the display driver for projects images from the teeth outwards, etc.

Also may there is add ons, and for being connected exporting to manifest to the use of the wireless device 102 of another user or computer 100 or relevant, or being connected with another device transmitting signals to other places conversely or store them.Such as, data can be stored in flash memory with optical form in order to use after a while, such as use can write CD media or as in magnetic tape recorder or similar device on magnetic medium.

In addition, many wireless devices and computer have built-in MP3 music decoding performance and other advanced sound decoders and system now.Portable computer CD and dvd playback performance are as general rule, and some have the little special flash memory readers for receiving pre-recorded audio file.The problem with this performance is, the feature rich experience that digital music files promise height increases, but only has when decoding and replayed section can be run neck and neck.Also be the same for digital audio file.

In order to assist audio reproduction, external loudspeaker 108 shown in Fig. 1 a, also can along with add ons, such as sub-woofer or " surround sound " loud speaker for forward and backward audio projection.Meanwhile, loud speaker or earphone 110 are represented as in-building type, supporting frame or the mechanism of micro-display unit of Fig. 1 b.Can learn, other audio frequency or sound reproduction elements can be used, comprise power amplification or sound shaping devices.

As mentioned above, under any circumstance, when people be desirably in high-quality or high-resolution view data and high quality audio information or data-signal are sent to terminal use from data source by one or more communication link 112 time, need high data rate.That is, because current transfer mechanisms does not reach the general high data rate expected, therefore transmit link 112 and be undoubtedly the potential bottleneck of aforementioned data communication and restriction system performance.Such as, as mentioned above, in order to such as 1024 comparatively high image resolution taking advantage of 1024 pixels, and every color depth of pixel 24-32 bit and the data rate of 30fps, data rate can close to the speed or larger that exceed 336Mbps.In addition, this image can be manifested as a part for multimedia presentation, multimedia presentation comprises voice data and process interactive entertainment or the potential additional signal of communication, or various order, control or signal, further increases quality or data and data rate.

Same visible, set up less cable needed for data link or interconnection means that the mobile device relevant to display more easily uses, and more may be adopted by larger user base.Usually to set up complete audio-visual with multiple device especially correct through lasting this, and more correct when the quality level increase of display and audio output device.

Unfortunately, higher data rate exceeds the technology being currently available for and transmitting data.Need a kind of technology, for on the data transfer links manifested between element and data source or communication path with higher rate transmissioning data, its allows with the power of low (lower) continued, light weight and the construction of cable simple and economical as far as possible.Applicants have developed a kind of new technology, or method and apparatus, reach these and other target, with allow the array of mobile radio station, portable or even fixed position device data are sent to the display of expectation, micro-display or audio transfer elements with very high data rate, and keep the low-power consumption expected and complexity.

III. High Rate Digital Data Interface system configuration

In order to create and effectively utilize new device interface, devise a kind of signaling protocol and system configuration low-power signal provides very high data transfer rate.This agreement, based on grouping and common frame structure, or is joined together to form the structure of agreement, for by one group of previously selected data or data type and transmitted together with the instruction that interface applies or operating structure.

A. summarize

The device connected by MDDI link or communicate on MDDI link is called as main frame and client computer, and client computer is generally the display unit of some type.As main frame allow, from host is propagated to the data of display with forward direction (being called forward direction traffic or link), propagates to the data of main frame from display with inverse direction (being called reverse traffic or link).This is illustrated in the basic configuration shown in Fig. 2.In Fig. 2, main frame 202 bi-directional communication channel 206 is connected with client computer 204, and bi-directional communication channel comprises forward link 208 and reverse link 210.But these channels are formed by one group of common wire, the data of wire are transmitted between forward direction and reverse link operations and are effectively switched.

As other place discussed, main frame comprises one of device that can have benefited from some types just of the present invention.Such as, the portable computer of main frame 202 can be form be hand-held, on knee or similar mobile computing device, it can be PDA, one of paging equipment, perhaps multi radio words or modulator-demodulator.Meanwhile, client computer 204 can comprise for information being manifested to the multiple useful assembly of terminal use.Such as, the small screen embedded in grenade instrumentation built-in in the micro-display, cap or the helmet that combine in eyepiece or glasses, vehicle or even holographic element, as window or windshield or various loud speaker, earphone or the sound system for manifesting high quality sound or music.But, those skilled in the art readily appreciates that, the present invention is not limited to these devices, market may also have other device be suggested to use, they or with storing and transmission or with manifesting and the image attempted for end users with high quality and sound during playback.The present invention increase the data throughout between various device with provide realize desired user experience needed for high data rate in be useful.

B. interface type

MDD interface is considered for find five kinds or more slightly different physical interface type in communication and computer industry.These are designated as type-I, type-II, type-III, type-IV and type-U here simply.

Type-I interface is configured to 6 lines (wire) interface, is applicable to mobile or radio telephone, PDA, e-book, electronic game and portable media player, as CD player or MP3 player, and the electronic consumer technology of similar type.Type-U interface is configured to 8 lines (wire) interface, be applicable to kneetop computer, notebook or desktop PC and similar device or application, they do not need display to refresh rapidly and do not have the MDDI link controller of in-building type.By using additional two-wire Universal Serial Bus (USB) interface, this interface type is also differentiable, and USB interface is particularly useful in the existing operating system provided in most of personal computer or software support.Such as, Type-U interface also may be used for only having in USB pattern, and wherein display only has USB connector, and it is connected with the standard USB port on computer or similar device.

Type-II, type-III and Type-IV interfaces are applicable to Performance Monitor or device, and use the comparatively large more complicated cable with additional twisted-pair type wire to provide adequate shielding and low-loss transmission for data-signal.

The signal of Type-I interface transmission can comprise display, video, control and limited signaling information, and is generally used for the device not needing high-resolution full-rate video data.Such interface is mainly used in the such device of such as portable radio, and wherein usb host is generally invalid in the device connected for signal and transmit.In this configuration, mobile device is MDDI host apparatus, and plays the effect of " owner " of the communication link controlling from host, and display data are generally sent to client computer (forward direction traffic or link) by it.

In this interface, main frame allows the communication data received at main frame place from client computer (reverse traffic or link) by special instruction or packet type are sent to client computer, client computer allows it in specific duration adapter bus and data are sent to main frame as reverse packet.This is illustrated in figure 3, wherein uses the packet type being called as encapsulating packets (discussing) below to provide the transmission of reverse packet on transmission link, thus creates reverse link.The time interval distributing to main frame for the display of polling data is pre-determined by main frame and based on the requirement of each specialized application.Such half-duplex bidirectional transfer of data is not useable for from especially favourable when the information of client computer or transfer of data in USB port.

Type-U interface transfers is applicable to the signal of kneetop computer and desktop computer application, and wherein USB interface obtains the extensive support of a large amount of mainboard or other hardware, and is supported by operating system software.The use of the USB interface of adding can use " plug and play " characteristic sum simple applications to configure.USB comprises the general two-way flow also allowing instruction, state, voice data etc., and the Voice & Video data pointing to client apparatus can be transmitted with low-power and high speed with twisted-pair feeder.As described below, power can use other wire transfer.The signaling that the embodiment of the present invention of use USB interface allows the high-speed transfer on one group of wire and mainly realizes in USB connection simultaneously and control, this can be closed when not using and consume few power.

USB interface is the standard that modern personal computer equipment widely uses, and the details of USB interface and operation thereof are well-known in the art, therefore no longer illustrate at this.For USB interface, universal serial bus specification is deferred in the communication between main frame and display, revised edition 2.0.In the application of type of service u interface, wherein USB is main signaling channel and may is voice return channel, and optionally main frame can pass through MDDI serial data signal poll client computer.

In order to support complete sport video, the Performance Monitor of HDTV type or similar high-resolution performance requires the data flow being about 1.5Gbs speed.Type-II interface supports high data rate by transmitted in parallel 2 bit, and Type-III interface is supported by transmitted in parallel 4 bit, and Type-IV interfaces parallel convey 8 bit.The agreement that used by MDDI allows all types of-I, II, III or IV main frame can be communicated with any type-I, II, III or IV client computer by the peak data rate that uses through consultation.Can be called as and minimumly the performance of device or available feature may be used to arrange the performance of link.As rule, even if can the system of type of service-II, type-III or Type-IV interfaces for main frame and client computer, both start working as Type-I interface.Then, the performance of main frame determination Destination client or display, and by switching or reconfigure operation consult for or type-II, type-III, or Type-IV mode, this is suitable for application-specific.

Main frame generally may use suitable link layer protocol (discussing further) below and at any time be reduced to or reconfigure at this and be operated to slower pattern with saving power, or bring up to faster pattern to support the transmission of fair speed, as high-resolution displaying contents.Such as, when display system switches to AC power supplies from the power source of such as battery, or when the source of display media switches to lower or higher resolution format, or when the combination of these or other conditioned disjunction event can be considered and change display or data-transmission mode basic, main frame can change display mode.

System also can transmit data by a kind of pattern in the another kind of pattern of other direction in a direction.Such as, Type IV interface mode can be used to, with two-forty, data are sent to display, and when data are sent to host apparatus from the ancillary equipment that such as keyboard or indicating device are such, type of service-I or Type U mode.

C. physical interface structure

For setting up a general configuration of device or the link controller communicated between main frame with client apparatus shown in Figure 4 and 5.In figures 4 and 5, MDDI link controller 402 is arranged in host apparatus 202, and MDDI link controller 404 is arranged in client apparatus 204.Face, front is the same, and main frame 202 bi-directional communication channel 406 comprising a series of wire is connected with client computer 204.As described below, main frame and client link controller can be manufactured into the integrated circuit using single circuit design, and this circuit design can be set up, regulates or programme to respond or console controller (driver) or client-controller (receiver).This provide the lower expense caused by the fairly large manufacture of single circuit arrangement.

In the diagram, usb host device 401 and USB client apparatus 410 are also shown, for realizing the Type-U interface version of MDDI.For the circuit of implement device function and device well known in the art, and no longer to illustrate here.

In Figure 5, MDDI link controller 502 is arranged in host apparatus 202 ', and MDDI link controller 504 is arranged in client apparatus 204 '.Face, front is the same, and the main frame 202 ' bi-directional communication channel 406 comprising a series of wire is connected with client computer 204 '.As previously mentioned, main frame and client link controller can manufacture by single circuit design.

The signal transmitted on MDDI link between main frame and the such client computer of such as display unit is also illustrate that in Figure 4 and 5, or the physical conductors used.From Figure 4 and 5, for transmitted by MDDI the main thoroughfare of data or base station use be denoted as MDDI_Date0+/-and MDDI_Stb+/-data-signal.Each of these signals is low pressure data signal, and they in the cable a pair difference electric wire are transmitted.For each bit that interface sends, or MDDI_Data0 on, or MDDI_Stb on, only have a kind of transformation.This makes based on voltage but not based on the transmission mechanism of electric current, therefore quiescent current consumption is close to zero.Host driven MDDI_Stb signal is to client display.

Although data can MDDI_Data on forward direction and inverse direction on flow, namely it is bi-directional transfer path, but main frame is owner or the effector of data link.In order to make noise immunity maximum, MDDI_Data0 and MDDI_Stb signalling channel is with difference modes work.The clock rate that on these lines, the data rate of signal is sent by main frame is determined, and is variable in the scope being about 1kbps to 400Mbps or larger.

The data of type-II interface containing type-I on an additional data to or wire or passage, it be called as MDDI_Data1+/-.The data of Type-III interface containing type-II interface on two additional datas to or signalling channel, be called as MDDI_Data2+/-and MDDI_Data3+/-.The data of Type-IV interfaces containing type-III interface on four or more additional data to or signalling channel, be called as respectively MDDI_Data4+/-, MDDI_Data5+/-, MDDI_Data6+/-and MDDI_Data7+/-.In often kind of above-mentioned interface configuration, power is sent to client computer or display by the main frame wire pair or signal being named as MDDI_Pwr and MDDI_Gnd.

The general class transmission that only can be used for type U configuration is that MDDIUSB connects or signalling channel.MDDIUSB connects the secondary channel comprised for communicating between main frame with client display.In some applications, between main frame and client computer, sending customizing messages with relatively low data rate may be advantageously.USB transmission link is used to make not communicate with the client computer of MDDI compatibility or display being equipped with Type-U interface with the device of the MDDI link controller of usb host or limited host performance.The information instances that can be effectively transferred through to display in USB interface has: static bitmap, digital audio stream, indicating device data, keyboard data and control and state information.The all functions supported by USB interface also can be realized with main MDDI high-speed serial data path.Although data defined above (grouping see below) can be sent out on USB style interface, but shall not be applied to this USB interface with the requirement of back-to-back form link data, the grouping supporting MDDI type to switch uses and also shall not be applied to this USB interface.

Below, describe according to interface type the signal general introduction that MDDI link transmits between main frame and client computer (display) in table 1.

Table 1

Type-I	Type-II	Type-I	Type-I
				MDDI_Pwr/Gnd	MDDI_Pwr/Gnd	MDDI_Pwr/Gnd	MDDI_Pwr/Gnd
MDDI_Stb+/-	MDDI_Stb+/-	MDDI_Stb+/-	MDDI_Stb+/-
				MDDI_Data0+/-	MDDI_Data0+/-	MDDI_Data0+/-	MDDI_Data0+/-
	MDDI_Data1+/-	MDDI_Data1+/-	MDDI_Data1+/-
						MDDI_Data2+/-	MDDI_Data2+/-
Type-I		MDDI_Data3+/-	MDDI_Data3+/-
				MDDI_Pwr/Gnd			MDDI_Data4+/-
MDDI_Stb+/-			MDDI_Data5+/-

MDDI_Data0+/-			MDDI_Data6+/-
				MDDI_USB+/-			MDDI_Data7+/-

The order of magnitude that cable for realizing said structure and operation is generally rated at 1.5 meters of length comprises three twisted-pair wires pair, is again respectively multiply 30AWG electric wire.Paper tinsel shielding covering is wrapped by or is formed on above-mentioned three twisted-pair feeders, as additional drain wire.Twisted-pair feeder and shielding drain conductor stop in display connector, and wherein this shielding is connected with the shielding of display (client computer), and there is the insulating barrier covering whole cable, and this is well-known in the art.Wire matches as follows: MDDI_Gnd and MDDI_Pwr; MDDI_Stb+ and MDDI_Stb-; MDDI_Data0+ and MDDI_Data0-; MDDI_Data1+ and MDDI_Data1-; The rest may be inferred.Nominal cable diameter is on the order of magnitude of 3.0mm, and rated impedance is 85 ohm ± 10%, DC resistance is rated for every 1000 feet 110 ohm.Signal velocity should be rated for 0.66c, by the maximum delay of cable lower than about 8.0 nanoseconds.

D. data type and speed

In order to realize the useful interface of FR Consumer's Experience and application, mobile digital data-interface (MDDI) supports various display and display information, audio sensor, keyboard, indicating device and other input units many, they can be integrated in mobile display device or with mobile device and control information and their combination cooperation.MDD interface be designed to enough minimum numbers cable or wire or forward direction or provide in reverse link direction multiple potential type between main frame and client computer data flow come and go.Synchronous stream and asynchronous flow (refreshing) can be supported.As long as total data speed is less than or equal to the MDDI link rate of greatest hope, then the combination of many data types is all possible.These can including, but not limited to the item listed in Table II below and Table III.

Table II

Table III

Interface is fixing but ductile, so that it can be system flexibility in the future and support the transmission of the much information " type " comprising user-defined data.The particular instance of the data supported has: full-motion video, or with form that is complete or partial screen bitmap fields, or with the form of compressed video; For preserving power and reducing the static bitmap realized under the low rate of expense; PCM under various resolution or speed or compressed video data; Indicating device position and selection; And the user-defined data of the performance that will be defined.This data also can be transmitted, for checkout gear performance or setting operation parameter together with control or state information.

The present invention is leading in for the field of transfer of data, includes but not limited to: see a film (video display and audio frequency); Use the personal computer observing (figure shows, sometimes in conjunction with Audio and Video) with limited individual; Or on the internet " surfing "; Use visual telephone (two-way low rate video and audio frequency), for the camera of static number photo or the video camera for catching digital video image; And for the production of rate raising or the amusement with cell phone, smart phone or PDA.

Following Mobile data interface provides by providing the data of a large amount of A-V type in the communication being generally configured to wired or cable type link or transmission link.But, it is evident that, if can keep expecting the transmission of rank, can conditioning signal structure, agreement, sequential or transmission mechanism provide form to be the link of optics or wireless medium.

MDD interface signal is that baseband signal agreement or structure use the concept being called as common frame (CF).The theory after common frame is used to be for synchronous data flow provides lock-out pulse simultaneously.This common frame can be used as time interface by display unit.Low CF speed increases channel efficiency by reducing the expense of launching Sub-frame Header.Otherwise, high CF rate reduction stand-by period, and the more small data buffering allowing audio sample.The CF rate dynamic of this creative interface is able to programme and can be set as one of many values of the synchronous stream being applicable to use in application-specific.That is, this CF value is chosen to be applicable to given display unit and host configuration best according to expectation.

The general required byte number of every common frame of synchronous data flow is adjustable and programmable, and they are probably in application, such as the mounted micro-display of the head shown in Table IV.

Table IV

The one count of every common frame byte easily can be obtained with simple M/N counter structure able to programme.Such as, by transmitting 2 frame, 27 bytes, respectively followed by the frame of 26 bytes, thus realizing the counting of every CF26-2/3.Less CF speed can be selected to produce the integer byte number of every CF.But, generally speaking, little with the region of hardware implementing simple M/N counter needed for the large audio sample FIFO buffer of the Area comparison realizing needing in integrated circuit (IC) chip partly or entirely used of the present invention.

Illustrate that the exemplary application that different pieces of information transmission rate and data type affect is karaoke OK system.For karaoke OK system, system user is sung together with music video program.The lyrics are presented at bottom of screen, and therefore user knows the lyrics that will sing, and the approximate time of song.This application needs the video display refreshed with figure infrequently, and is mixed with stereo audio stream by the speech of user.

If assuming that the speed of common frame is 300Hz, so each CF will comprise: to the video content of 92160 bytes on the forward link of display unit and the audio content of 588 bytes (in stereo, based on 147 16 bit sample), the speech of average 29.67 (26-2/3) byte is sent back to mobile Karaoke machine from microphone.Asynchronous packet is sent out between main frame and display.This comprises the graph data (1/4th screen heights) of maximum 768 bytes, and is less than about 200 bytes (some) of other various controls and status command.

Table V illustrates how data distribute in the common frame of Karaoke example.Total speed used is chosen to be about 225Mbps.Slightly high speed 226Mbps allows transmission to be about other 400 bytes of every subframe, and this allows to use control once in a while and status message.

Element speed	Byte/CF
		The music video of 640x480 pixel and 30fps	92160
The lyrics text of 640x120 pixel and 1fps	768
		44100sps, stereo, the CD audio frequency of 16 bits	588
8000sps, monophony, the speech of 8 bits	26.67
		Sub-frame Header	19
Reverse link overhead	26.67+2*9+20
		Total byte/CF	93626.33
Total speed (Mbps)	224.7032

E. link layer

The time division multiplexing stream of packets be connected one by one is comprised by the data that MDD interface High-speed serial data signal transmits.Even if when emitter does not have outgoing data, MDDI link controller also automatically sends filler grouping, thus keeps stream of packets.The use of simple packet structure ensure that the reliable synchronization timing of video and audio signal or data flow.

A group grouping be comprised in be called as subframe signal element or structure in, a group subframe be comprised in be called as media frame signal element or structure in.Subframe comprises one or more grouping, and this depends on their corresponding size and data transmission purposes, and media frame must comprise the subframe of many.The maximum subframe that the agreement used by the present invention provides is 2 ³²-1 is 4,294,967, and on the order of magnitude of 295 bytes, so maximum media frame size becomes 2 ¹⁶-1 is 65, on the order of magnitude of 535 bytes.

As described below, the special header grouping comprising unique identifier appears at the beginning of each subframe.This identifier is also for catching frame timing when starting communicating between main frame and display at client apparatus place.Link timing acquisition is described in detail below.

Generally speaking, when showing full-motion video, the every media frame of display screen is updated once.Display frame rate is identical with media frame rate.Link protocol supports the full-motion video on whole display, or an only zonule of the full-motion video content surrounded by still image, and this depends on the application of expectation.In some low power mobile application, such as check Web page or Email, display screen only needs to be updated once in a while.Under those circumstances, launching single subframe, then to close link to make power consumption minimum be favourable.Interface also supports the effect that such as stereo display is such, and the primitive of processing graphics.

The existence of subframe makes the grouping of high priority can with cyclical transmission.This allows the data buffering of synchronous stream and minimum number to coexist simultaneously.This invention provides to procedure for displaying advantage, allows multiple data flow (high-speed communication of video, speech, control, state, indicating device etc.) to share a common signal channel in essence.It transmits information with relatively little signal.It also makes the proprietary action of Display Technique exist, such as the vertical sync pulse of CRT monitor and black-out intervals.

F. link controller

MDDI link controller shown in Figure 4 and 5 is manufactured into or emulates into complete Digital Implementation, except the Differential line receiver for receiving MDDI data and gating signal.Realize the hardware of link controller without any need for simulated operation or phase-locked loop (PLL).Main frame and display link controller comprise closely similar function, except display interface device comprises the state machine for link synchronization.Therefore, the present invention allows practical advantage to create to be configured to single controller design or the circuit of main frame or client computer, and this generally speaking can reduce the manufacturing cost of link controller.

IV. Interface Link Protocol

A. frame structure

The signaling protocol or frame structure that realize for the forward-link communication of transmitted in packets is described in Fig. 6.As shown in Figure 6, information or numerical data are combined into the element being called as grouping.Multiple grouping is combined to be formed " subframe " successively, and multiple subframe is combined to form " media " frame successively.In order to the transmission of control frame form and subframe, the predefined especially grouping of each subframe starts, and is called as Sub-frame Header and divides into groups (SHP).

Host apparatus is selected will be the data rate that given transmission uses.The maximum capacity of other devices that this speed can be sent to according to the maximum transmitted performance of main frame or the data searched from source by main frame and display or data by host apparatus and dynamically changing.

Untrusted client machine is designed to, or can work together with WDDI, or the signaling protocol of invention can by host query to determine the maximum or current maximum message transmission rate that it can use, or the default slower minimum rate that may use, and the available data types supported and characteristic.As further described below, this information can divide into groups with display performance (DCP) transmit.Client display device can transmit data or communication with the minimum data rate selected in advance or within the scope of minimum data rate with interface and other devices, and main frame carries out with the data rate within the scope of this over-all properties inquiring to determine client apparatus.

Other definition bitmap character of display and the state information of video frame rate performance can be transferred into main frame in status packet, make main frame or can be configured to this interface efficient or be configured to put into practice upper the best, or desired by any system constraint.

Do not exist in present sub-frame will by transmit packet time, or when main frame can not transmit to keep with the message transmission rate selected for forward link synchronous enough speed, main frame sends filler grouping.Due to each subframe Sub-frame Header start of packet, therefore the end of previous subframe comprises a grouping (being most possibly filler grouping) of just in time filling previous subframe.When lack bear the data space often collecting grouping, filler divides into groups last grouping in most likely subframe, or be in next last subframe end and before Sub-frame Header grouping.In host apparatus, the task of control operation guarantees there are enough remaining spaces in subframe, for sending each grouping in this subframe.Meanwhile, once the transmission of host apparatus log-on data grouping, main frame successfully must complete the grouping of this size in frame, and does not cause the underrun state of data.

In of the embodiment of the present invention, sub-frame transmission has two kinds of patterns.Pattern is the periodic sub-frame mode for launching live video and audio stream.In this mode, subframe lengths is defined as non-zero.Second pattern is asynchronous or aperiodicity pattern, and wherein frame is used for only when fresh information is available, data bitmap being supplied to display unit.This pattern by being set to zero and define in Sub-frame Header grouping by subframe lengths.When life cycle sexual norm, sub-frame packet reception can start when display is synchronous with forward link frame structure.This corresponds to " in the synchronous " state of the state diagram definition discussed below with reference to Figure 49.In asynchronous non-periodic sub-frame mode, be received in after receiving the first Sub-frame Header grouping and start.

B. Overall Packet Structure

Provide packet format or the structure of the signaling protocol realized by the present invention for formulism below, to keep it in mind interface be extendible and can add additional packet configuration as required.Divide into groups be marked as according to their functions in the interface or be divided into different " packet type ", that is, according to instruction or the data of their transmission.Therefore, each packet type represents the predefined packet configuration of the given grouping for operating grouping and the data be transmitted.Can know and see, grouping may have the length selected in advance or have length that is variable or dynamically changeable according to their corresponding functions.Byte used in various grouping or byte value are configured to the signless integer of many bits (8 or 16 bit).Used grouping summary is listed with type order and " type " represents in Table VI.Transmitted in packets is regarded as effective direction and is also write down, and whether they are for Type-U interface.

Table VI

Grouping has public basic structure or total one group of minimum field, and comprise block length field, packet type field, data byte field and crc field, this is illustrated in the figure 7.As shown in Figure 7, block length field comprises the information that form is many bits or multibyte value, total number of bits in designated packet, or its length between block length field and crc field.In the preferred embodiment of example of the present invention, block length field comprise 16 bits that is 2 byte wides, signless integer, its designated packet length.Packet type field is another many bit field, and it indicates the information type comprised in grouping.In the exemplary embodiment of example of the present invention, this is the 8 bits i.e. value of 1 byte wide, and form is 8 bit unsigned integer, and specifies the data type that such as display performance, switching, video or audio stream, state etc. are such.

3rd field is data byte, the bit that it comprises the part as this grouping and is transmitted between main frame and client apparatus or sends or data.Data format is that each packet type defines especially according to the particular type being transmitted data, and can be divided into a series of added field, respectively has the call format of himself.That is, each packet type is the form that this part or field have definition.Last field is crc field, is included in the 16 bit cyclic redundancy check results that data byte, packet type and block length field calculate, for the integrality of information in acknowledgment packet.In other words, except whole groupings of crc field self are calculated.Client computer generally keeps the crc error sum detected, and this number is reported back main frame (see below) in display request and status packet.

During transmitted in packets, the field sent starts with least significant bit (LSB), and terminates with the highest significant position finally sent (MSB).The parameter that length is greater than a byte first sends by least significant byte, causes the parameter being greater than 8 bits for length to use identical bit transmission pattern, just as in the shorter parameter for wherein first sending LSB.0th bit alignment of the data in MDDI_Data0 signalling channel and the byte sent on interface with arbitrary pattern, pattern has type-I, type-II, type-III or type-IV.

When handling the data for showing, the data of pel array are first sent out by row, then by row, generally do all like this in electronic applications.In other words, the sending order appearing at all pixels in same a line of bitmap is: first send leftmost pixel, finally sends rightmost pixel.After the rightmost pixel that have sent a line, in sequence, pixel is then the leftmost pixel of next line.For most of display, the row of pixel is generally sent out with order from top to bottom, but also can other be adopted as required to configure.And when processing bitmap, the conventional method followed here is, by the upper left corner of bitmap being labeled as position or skew " 0,0 " defines a reference point.When the right and the bottom of a people respectively close to bitmap, for defining or determining that the X and Y coordinates value of position in bitmap increases.The first row and first row start with subscript value zero.

C. divide into groups to define

1. Sub-frame Header grouping

Sub-frame Header grouping is first grouping of each subframe, and has basic structure as described in Figure 8.As shown in Figure 8, such grouping is configured to have block length, packet type, unique word, subframe lengths, protocol version, sub-frame count and Media-frame Count field, and general sequence is like this.Such grouping is generally identified as type 255 (0xff hexadecimal) grouping and uses the previously selected regular length of 17 bytes.

Although packet type field uses 1 byte value, but unique word fields uses 3 byte values.4 combination of bytes of these two fields are formed together has well autocorrelative 32 bit unique word.Actual unique word is 0x005a3bff, and 8 wherein lower bits are first sent out as packet type, and are sent out after 24 the highest bits.

Subframe lengths field comprises 4 byte information of specifying every subframe byte number.The length of this field can be set as zero, represents that being closed main frame before into idle condition at link only will send a subframe.When from a sub-frame transfer to next subframe, the value in this field can " be in operation " dynamic change.In order to make less timing adjustment for providing in the lock-out pulse of synchronous data flow, this performance is being useful.If the CRC of Sub-frame Header grouping is invalid, then link controller should use the subframe lengths of previous Known good Sub-frame Header grouping to estimate the length of present sub-frame.

Protocol version field comprises 2 bytes, specifies the protocol version used by main frame.Protocol version field is set as " 0 ", first of agreement or current version is appointed as in use.Establishment along with redaction changes by this value in time.Sub-frame count field comprises 2 bytes, specifies the sequence number representing the number of sub frames be sent out when media frame starts.First subframe of media frame has the sub-frame count that value is zero.The value of last subframe of media frame is n-1, wherein the number of sub frames of the every media frame of n.Notice, if subframe lengths was set as zero (representing aperiodicity subframe), then sub-frame count also must be set as zero.

Media-frame Count field comprises 3 bytes, specifies a sequence number, represents the media-frame number be sent out since the current media item that is transmitted or data start.The Media-frame Count of the first media frame of media item is zero.Media-frame Count just increased one before the first subframe of each media frame, and was employing maximum Media-frame Count (media-frame number 2 ²⁴-1=16,777,215) become zero again afterwards.Media-frame Count value generally can reset by main frame the needs meeting terminal program at any time.

2. filler grouping

The grouping that filler grouping is sent to client apparatus or is issued from client apparatus when being the information when forward direction or reverse link not having other can be sent out.Filler grouping is recommended to have minimum length to allow to need maximum flexibility when sending other groupings.The end of (see below) of dividing into groups in subframe or Reverse Link Encapsulation, the size of link controller sets filler grouping is to fill remaining space to keep globality of dividing into groups.

Fig. 9 illustrates the format and content that filler divides into groups.As shown in Figure 9, the structure of such grouping is for having block length, packet type, filler byte and crc field.Such grouping is generally identified as type 0, and it represents in the type field of 1 byte.Bit in filler byte field or byte comprise complete zero bit of variable number, and permission filler is grouped into the length into expecting.Minimum filler grouping does not comprise any byte in the field.That is, this grouping is only made up of block length, packet type and CRC, and uses the previously selected regular length of 3 bytes.

3. stream of video packets

Stream of video packets carries the rectangular area that video data upgrades display unit brokenly.The size in this region may diminish to single pixel or arrives whole display greatly.The stream that the quantity simultaneously shown may be had to limit hardly, is subject to system resource restriction, this is because the four corner needed for display one stream is included in stream of video packets.Figure 10 illustrates the form (video data format descriptor symbol) of stream of video packets.As shown in Figure 10, the structure of this type packet has block length, packet type, Video Data Descriptor, display properties, X left hand edge, Y top edge, X right hand edge, Y lower limb, X and Y starting point, pixel counts, parameter CRC, pixel data and crc field.Such grouping is generally identified as Class1, and it represents in the type field of 1 byte.

Above-mentioned common frame concept is the effective means making Audio Buffer size minimum and reduce the stand-by period.But, for video data, the pixel expanding a frame of video between the multiple stream of video packets in media frame may be needed.Likely equally, the pixel in single stream of video packets just in time can not correspond to rectangular window complete on display.For the video frame rate of exemplary 30 frames per second, per second have 300 subframes, and this causes every media frame 10 subframes.If have 480 row pixels in every frame, then each stream of video packets in each subframe will comprise 48 row pixels.In other cases, stream of video packets may not comprise the capable pixel of integer.This is also correct for other video frame size, and wherein the number of sub frames of every media frame is divided into the line number (also referred to as video line) of every frame of video unevenly.Even if each stream of video packets may not comprise the capable pixel of integer, but it must comprise an integer pixel.If pixel is greater than every pixel one byte, if or they be the packet format shown in Figure 12, so this will be important.

Figure 11 a-11d illustrates the format and content that the operation realizing above-mentioned Video Data Descriptor field uses.In Figure 11 a-11d, video data format descriptor symbol field comprises 2 bytes, and its form is the signless integer of 16 bits, to specify in current group the form of each pixel in pixel data in current stream.Various flows (being indicated by stream id field) may use different pixel data format, that is, in video data format descriptor symbol, use different value, and equally, any stream all may be in operation and change its data format.Video data format descriptor symbol defines the pixel format of current group, and only this does not mean that in particular video stream useful life and can continue to use constant format.

Figure 11 a-11d describes how coding video frequency data format descriptor.As used in these figure, as shown in fig. lla, when bit [15: 13] equals " 000 ", video data comprises the include monochrome pixels of an array, and the position 3 to 0 that wherein bit number of every pixel accords with word by video data format descriptor defined.As shown in figure lib, when bit [15: 13] equals " 001 ", video data comprises the colour element of an array, and wherein every pixel all specifies a color in chromatic graph.In this case, the position 5 to 0 of video data format descriptor symbol word defines the bit number of every pixel, and position 11 to 6 is set as equals zero.As shown in fig. live, when bit [15: 13] equals " 010 ", video data comprises the colour element of an array, wherein red every pixel bit number defined by position 11 to 8, green every pixel bit number defined by position 7 to 4, and blue every pixel bit number defined by position 3 to 0.In this case, total every pixel bit number is bit number sum red, green and that blueness is used.

But, as illustrated in fig. 1 ld, when bit [15: 13] equals " 011 ", video data comprises the video data of an array, form is 4:2:2, and with brightness and chrominance information, every pixel bit number of wherein brightness (Y) is defined by position 11 to 8, the bit number of Cr component is defined by position 7 to 4, and the bit number of Cb component is defined by position 3 to 0.Total bit number of every pixel is bit number sum red, green and that blueness is used.Cr and Cb is sent out with the half of the speed sending Y.In addition, the video sampling in the Pixel Data portion of this grouping is as undertissue: Y _n, Cr _n, Cb _n, Y _n+1, Y _n+2, Cr _n+2, Cb _n+2, Y _n+3... wherein Cr _nand Cb _nwith Y _nand Y _n+1relevant, Cr _n+2and Cb _n+2with Y _n+2and Y _n+3relevant, the rest may be inferred.If there is odd number of pixels (X right hand edge-X left hand edge+1) in a line of current stream, then the Y value of first pixel of next line will be followed after the Cb value corresponding to last pixel in every row.

For all four kinds of forms shown in figure, whether the position 12 being indicated as being " P " specifies this Pixel Data samples to be the pixel data of grouping or byte-aligned.In this field, " 0 " value represents each pixel in pixel data field in each pixel and each color and MDDI interface byte boundary byte-aligned." 1 " value represents that each color in pixel data in each pixel and each pixel is packaged and do not leave untapped bit relative to the last pixel in pixel or color.

The first pixel in first stream of video packets of specific display window can enter the upper left corner being offset the stream window defined by X skew and Y, and the pixel that the next one receives is placed in next location of pixels in same a line, and the rest may be inferred.For the ease of this operation, display makes " next pixel row and column ", and counter keeps relevant to each motion video stream ID.

4. audio stream grouping

Audio stream grouping is carried will by the audio system broadcasting of display or the voice data for independent audio visualization means.Can distribute different audio data streams for voice-grade channel separately in the acoustic system, such as: left front, right front, middle, left back and right back, this depends on used audio system type.For the headphone comprising the process of enhancement mode spatial-acoustic signal provides supplying completely of voice-grade channel.Figure 13 describes the form of audio stream grouping.As shown in figure 13, this type packet structure has block length, packet type, voice-grade channel ID, Audio Sample Count, often to sample and the bit, audio sample rate, parameter CRC, digital audio-frequency data and the Audio Data CRC fields that divide into groups.Such grouping is generally marked as type 2 and divides into groups.

The bit field of often sampling and divide into groups comprises 1 byte, and form is 8 bit unsigned integer, specifies the packet format of voice data.The general form used is the bit number that position 4 to 0 defines the sampling of every pcm audio.Whether position 5 specifies this Digital Audio Data samples through grouping.Figure 14 describe through grouping and byte-aligned audio sample between difference.Each pcm audio sampling in " 0 " value designation number Audio Data field and MDDI interface byte boundary byte-aligned, and " 1 " value indicates the sampling of each continuous print pcm audio to be grouped relative to last audio sample.This is only just effective when the value defined with position 4 to 0 (bit number of every pcm audio sampling) is not the multiple of eight.Position 7 to 6 retains in order to using in the future and being generally set as null value.

5. the flow point group retained

Desired by run into various application, packet type 3 to 55 retains and will be defined for form or the variant of packet oriented protocol in future in order to flow point group.Equally, this part makes MDD interface when the technology in the face of constantly changing compared with other technology and system more flexibly and more useful.

6. user-defined flow point group

Remain the eight kinds of data stream type being called as type 56 to 63, can be defined in the proprietary application used together with MDDI link by equipment manufacturers to be ready for use on.These are called as user-defined flow point group.The rectangular area of stream of video packets carries video data to upgrade (or not) display.The stream parameter of these packet types and the definition of data leave particular device manufacturer for find its purposes.Figure 15 describes the form of user-defined flow point group.As shown in figure 15, such packet configuration is for having block length, packet type, No. ID, stream, stream parameter, parameter CRC, flow data and flow data crc field.

7. chromatic graph grouping

Chromatic graph grouping specifies the content of the color map look-up table for manifesting color for display.Some application may require that chromatic graph is greater than the data volume that can send in single grouping.In these cases, the grouping of multiple chromatic graph can be transmitted, each different subsets by the following skew of use and length field with colored graph.Figure 16 describes the form of chromatic graph grouping.As shown in figure 16, the structure of such grouping has block length, packet type, Color Map Data size, Color Map Offset, parameter CRC, Color Map Data and Data CRC fields.Such grouping is generally identified as type 64 and divides into groups.

8. Reverse Link Encapsulation grouping

Data Reverse Link Encapsulation is grouped in oppositely and is transmitted.Forward link packets is sent out, and MDDI link operation (transmission direction) is changed in the centre of this grouping or turns to can send grouping on oppositely.Figure 17 describes the form of Reverse Link Encapsulation grouping.As shown in figure 17, such packet configuration there is block length, packet type, Reverse Link Flags, turn to length, parameter CRC, turn to 1, reverse data grouping and turn to 2.Such grouping is generally identified as type 65 and divides into groups.

MDDI link controller works in a particular manner when sending Reverse Link Encapsulation grouping.MDD interface has a gating signal always encouraged by main frame.Main frame puts up a good show as it for turning to of Reverse Link Encapsulation grouping sends one zero with each bit of reverse data packet partial.The time durations distributed during two periods of turnaround times and for reverse data grouping, main frame is at each bit boundaries conversion MDDI_Strobe signal.(this is just equivalent to it in the behavior sending full zero data.) main frame is being forbidden its MDDI data-signal circuit driver by the time period turning to 1 to specify, and client computer restarts its line driver during restarting field by the driver after the time period turning to 2 fields to specify.Display reads and turns to length parameter and drive data-signal to main frame immediately after turning to last bit of 1 field.Display uses block length and turns to length parameter to learn the time span that can be used for grouping being sent to main frame.When not being sent to the data of main frame, client computer can send filler grouping or data wire is energized to nought state.If data wire is energized to zero, then main frame is understood as the grouping with zero-length (not being effective length), and main frame current Reverse Link encapsulating packets duration no longer receive any grouping from client computer.

MDDI data wire is energized to zero level by display at least one Reverse Link Clock cycle before turning to 2 fields to start.This makes data wire turning to the state remaining in 2 time periods and determine.If client computer no longer includes grouping to be sent, it even can after they are energized to zero level disable data line, this is because dormancy biasing resistor (elsewhere discussion) makes data wire remain on zero level in all the other times of reverse data grouping field.

The byte number that during in order to notify that data to be beamed back main frame by main frame, display is required in Reverse Link Encapsulation grouping, can use the Reverse Link Request field of display request and status packet (DisplayRequestandStatusPacket).Main frame attempt allows this request by distributing the byte of at least this quantity in Reverse Link Encapsulation grouping.Main frame can send the grouping of more than one Reverse Link Encapsulation in subframe.Whenever display almost can send display request and status packet, and Reverse Link Request parameter is interpreted as the total bytes of asking in a subframe by main frame.

9. display performance grouping

In order to mode configure host that is general best or that expect to display link, main frame needs the performance knowing the display (client computer) that it is communicating.Recommend display, after acquisition forward link is synchronous, display performance grouping is sent to main frame.When by main frame with Reverse Link Encapsulation divide into groups in Reverse Link Flags request time, regard as the transmission needing this grouping.Figure 18 describes the form of display performance grouping.As shown in figure 18, such packet configuration has block length, packet type, protocol version, minimal protocol version, bitmap width, Bitmap Height, monochromatic performance, chromatic graph performance, RGB performance, YCrCb performance, indicating characteristic performance, data rate capabilities, frame rate performance, Audio Buffer Depth, audio stream performance, audio rate performance, minimum Sub-frame rate and crc field.Such grouping is generally identified as type 66 and divides into groups.

10. keyboard data grouping

Keyboard data grouping is used for keyboard data to be sent to main frame from client apparatus.Wireless (or wired) keyboard can use together with various display or audio devices, audio display/audio presentation device that the latter installs including, but not limited to, head.The keyboard data received from one of multiple given key disc-shaped device is relayed to main frame by keyboard data grouping.This grouping also can with on the forward link to be sent to keyboard data.Figure 19 illustrates the form that keyboard data divides into groups, and comprises the information from keyboard or the variable byte quantity for keyboard.As shown in figure 19, such packet configuration has block length, packet type, keyboard data and crc field.Such grouping is generally identified as type 67 and divides into groups.

11. indicating device packets

Indicating device packet is used for the positional information from wireless mouse or other indicating device to be sent to main frame from display.Data also can be sent to indicating device with this grouping on the forward link.Figure 20 illustrates the form of indicating device packet, comprises from indicating device or the information of variable byte quantity being used to indicate device.As shown in figure 20, such packet configuration has block length, packet type, indicating device data and crc field.Such grouping is generally identified as type 68 and divides into groups.

12. link-down groupings

Link-down grouping is sent to client display from main frame, and instruction MDDI data and gating will be closed and enter low-power consumption " dormancy " state.At static bitmap from after mobile communications device is sent to display, or when not having information from host computer to be transferred into client computer at present, this grouping is for closedown link and to preserve power be useful.When main frame sends grouping again, normal running continues.The first grouping be sent out after dormancy is Sub-frame Header grouping.Figure 21 illustrates the form that show state divides into groups.As shown in figure 21, such packet configuration has block length, packet type and crc field.Such grouping is generally identified as type 69 and divides into groups in 1 byte type field, and uses regular length 3 byte selected in advance.

In low power sleep state, MDDI_Data driver is disabled is high-impedance state, and MDDI_Data signal is with moving the logic zero state to by the over excited high impedance bias network of display.In order to make power consumption minimum, the gating signal that interface uses is set as logic zero level in resting state.As described elsewhere, or main frame or display can make MDDI link " revive " from resting state to come, and this is the advanced part of key of the present invention and advantage.

13. display request and status packet

Main frame needs from a small amount of information of display, therefore it can in the best way configure host to display link.The every subframe of display is recommended to send a show state grouping to main frame.This grouping should send as the first grouping in Reverse Link Encapsulation grouping, to guarantee that it is reliably passed to main frame by display.Figure 22 illustrates the form that show state divides into groups.As shown in figure 22, such packet configuration has block length, packet type, Reverse Link Request, CRC error count and crc field.Such grouping is generally identified as type 70 and divides into groups in 1 byte type field, and uses regular length 7 byte selected in advance.

The byte number that when Reverse Link Request field may be used for notifying that data are beamed back main frame by main frame, display needs in Reverse Link Encapsulation grouping.Main frame should allow this request by the byte number distributing at least this quantity in Reverse Link Encapsulation grouping.In order to provide data, main frame may send the grouping of more than one Reverse Link Encapsulation in subframe.Display may send display request and status packet at any time, and main frame will be interpreted as Reverse Link Request parameter the total bytes of asking in a subframe.Illustrate how reverse link data is sent back to additional detail and the particular instance of main frame below.

14. bit block transmission groupings

Bit block transmission grouping provides a kind of device rolling volume viewing area in any direction.The display with this performance reports this performance by the position 0 of the indicating characteristic Capability Indicators field divided into groups at display performance.Figure 23 illustrates the form of bit block transmission grouping.As shown in figure 23, such packet configuration has block length, packet type, upper left X value, upper left Y value, window width, window height, window X displacement, window Y displacement and crc field.Such grouping is generally identified as type 71 and divides into groups, and uses regular length 15 byte selected in advance.

These fields are used to specify the X of the top left co-ordinate of the window that will be moved and Y value, the window width that be moved and height and will by the pixel count of the window of horizontal and vertical movement respectively.Latter two field on the occasion of making window by the right, moving down, and negative value makes window and move up left.

15. Bitmap Area Fill groupings

Bitmap Area Fill grouping provides a kind of device easily viewing area being initialized as single color.The display with this performance reports this performance by the position 1 of the indicating characteristic Capability Indicators field divided into groups at display performance.Figure 24 illustrates the form that Bitmap Area Fill divides into groups.As shown in figure 24, such packet configuration has block length, packet type, upper left X value, upper left Y value, window width, window height, data format descriptor symbol, pixel region Filling power and crc field.Such grouping is generally identified as type 72 and divides into groups in 1 byte type field, and uses regular length 17 byte selected in advance.

16. Bitmap Pattern Fill groupings

Bitmap Pattern Fill grouping provides a kind of device easily viewing area being initialized as the pattern selected in advance.The display with this performance reports this performance by the position 2 of the indicating characteristic Capability Indicators field divided into groups at display performance.Align with the upper left corner of the window that will be filled in the upper left corner of filling pattern.If the window be filled is wider or high than filling pattern, then this pattern can level or be vertically repeated quickly and easily as many times as required to fill this window.Last by the right of pattern of repeating or be truncated as required below.If this window is less than filling pattern, then in order to be applicable to this window, the right of filling pattern or be truncated below.

Figure 25 illustrates the form that Bitmap Pattern Fill divides into groups.As shown in figure 25, such packet configuration has block length, packet type, upper left X value, upper left Y value, window width, window height, pattern width, pattern height, data format descriptor symbol, parameter CRC, Pattern Pixel Data and Pixel Data CRC fields.Such grouping is generally identified as type 73 and divides into groups in 1 byte type field.

17. Communication Link Data Channel groupings

Communication Link Data Channel grouping provides a kind of display unit with high level calculated performance, such as PDA, communicates for the transceiver such with such as cell phone or wireless data port device.In this case, MDDI link play communicator and with mobile display calculation element between the effect facilitating high-speed interface, wherein this is grouped in the data-link layer transfer data of the operating system of device.Such as, if be built in mobile display by Web browser, email client or whole PDA, then this grouping can be used.The display with this performance reports this performance by the position 3 of the indicating characteristic Capability Indicators field divided into groups at display performance.

Figure 26 illustrates the form that Communication Link Data Channel divides into groups.As shown in figure 26, such packet configuration has block length, packet type, parameter CRC, communicating link data and Communication Data CRC fields.Such grouping is generally identified as type 74 and divides into groups in type field.

18. Interface Type Handoff Request groupings

Interface Type Handoff Request grouping makes main frame energy requesting clients and display be transformed into type i (serial), Type II (2 bit parallel), type-iii (4 bit parallel) or type i V (8 bit parallel) pattern from existing or present mode.Before the specific pattern of host request, by checking the position 6 and 7 of the indicating characteristic Capability Indicators field of display performance grouping, it should confirm that display can be operated in the pattern of expectation.Figure 27 illustrates the form that Interface Type Handoff Request divides into groups.As shown in figure 27, such packet configuration has block length, packet type, interface type and crc field.Such grouping is generally identified as type 75 and divides into groups, and uses regular length 4 byte selected in advance.

19. interface type acknowledgment packets

Interface type acknowledgment packet is sent by display, for confirming that interface type switches the reception of grouping.The pattern asked, type i (serial), Type II (2 bit parallel), type-iii (4 bit parallel) or type i V (8 bit parallel) pattern, be reflected back toward main frame as the parameter in this grouping.Figure 28 illustrates the form of interface type acknowledgment packet.As shown in figure 28, such packet configuration has block length, packet type, interface type and crc field.Such grouping is generally identified as type 76 and divides into groups, and uses regular length 4 byte selected in advance.

20. perform type switches grouping

Performing type switching grouping is the device that Host Command display switches to prescribed model in this grouping.This with to be divided into groups with the request of interface type acknowledgment packet by Interface Type Handoff Request above and the pattern that confirms is identical.Main frame and display should switch to the pattern through agreeing to after sending this grouping.Display may be lost and regain link synchronization during patterns of change.Figure 29 illustrates and performs the form that type switches grouping.As shown in figure 29, such packet configuration has block length, packet type, packet type and crc field.Such grouping is generally identified as type 76 and divides into groups in 1 byte type field, and uses regular length 4 byte selected in advance.

the enable grouping of 21. forward direction voice-grade channel

This grouping allows the voice-grade channel that main frame is enable or forbid in display.This performance is useful, and therefore display (client computer) can close audio frequency amplifier or similar circuit element with saving power when not having the audio frequency that will be exported by main frame.This is especially difficult to the presence or absence of the audio stream being used as designator and impliedly realizes.The default setting that display system is powered is that all voice-grade channels are enabled.Figure 30 illustrates the form of the enable grouping of forward direction voice-grade channel.As shown in figure 30, such packet configuration has block length, packet type, the enable shielding of voice-grade channel and crc field.Such grouping is generally identified as type 78 and divides into groups in 1 byte type field, and uses regular length 4 byte selected in advance.

22. reverse audio sample rate groupings

This grouping permission main frame is enable or forbid reverse link voice-grade channel, and arranges the audio data samples rate of this stream.Selection of chiller is defined as effective sample rate in display performance grouping.If the invalid sample rate of Selection of chiller, then display can not audio streams to main frame.Main frame can forbid reverse link audio stream by sample rate being set to 255.Default setting supposition display system is initially powered or forbids reverse link audio stream and connect.Figure 31 illustrates the form that reverse audio sample rate is divided into groups.As shown in figure 31, such packet configuration has block length, packet type, audio sample rate and crc field.Such grouping is generally identified as type 79 and divides into groups, and uses regular length 4 byte selected in advance.

23. digital content protection expense groupings

This grouping allows main frame to exchange the message relevant to used digital content protection method with display.Current design two class content protectings, DTCP (DTCP), or HDCP system (HDCP), specify for protection scheme other in the future and allow some leeway.The method used is specified by the Content Protection Type parameter in this grouping.Figure 32 illustrates the form that digital content protection expense is divided into groups.As shown in figure 32, such packet configuration has block length, packet type, Content Protection Type, Content Protection Overhead message and crc field.Such grouping is generally identified as type 80 and divides into groups.

the enable grouping of 24. Transparent color

The enable grouping of Transparent color be used to specify color transparent in display and enable or forbidding for showing the use of Transparent color of image.The display with this performance reports this performance by the position 4 of the indicating characteristic Capability Indicators field divided into groups at display performance.When the pixel with transparent colour is written into bitmap, color does not change from last value.Figure 33 illustrates the form of the enable grouping of Transparent color.As shown in figure 33, such packet configuration has that block length, packet type, Transparent color are enable, data format descriptor symbol, Transparent Pixel Value and crc field.Such grouping is generally identified as type 81 and divides into groups in 1 byte type field, and uses regular length 10 byte selected in advance.

25. round trip delay times measure grouping

Round trip delay time is measured grouping and is added for measuring the time delay of (display) from main frame to client computer the time delay getting back to main frame from client computer (display).This measurement comprised the time delay be present in line driver and receiver and interconnects subsystems originally.As described in as above, this measurement for set Reverse Link Encapsulation grouping in Turning delay and reverse link rate Divisor parameter.When MDDI link runs with the maximal rate of application-specific, this grouping is the most useful.MDDI_Stb works as full zero data is when being sent out in fields: complete zero, two guard time and measuring period.This makes MDDI_Stb change at the half place of data rate, and therefore it can be used as the periodic clock in display when measuring period.

Figure 34 illustrates that round trip delay time measures the form of grouping.As shown in figure 34, such packet configuration has block length, packet type, parameter CRC, Strobe Alignment, complete zero, guard time 1, measuring period, guard time 2 and driver enable field again.Such grouping is generally identified as type 82 and divides into groups, and uses regular length 535 bit selected in advance.

Figure 35 describes the event-order serie occurred in during round trip delay time measurement grouping.In Figure 35, main frame sends round trip delay time and measures grouping, shown in the existence of the parameter CRC after full zero-sum guard time 1 field and Strobe Alignment fields.Time delay 3502 occurred before grouping arrives client display or treatment circuit system.When display receives grouping, it sends reality 0xff, 0xff, 0x0 pattern accurately as far as possible in beginning measuring period determined by display.The real time that display starts to send this sequence is than time delay to some extent the angle measuring period from main frame.This amount of delay is just in time the time that it is made grouping and is propagated by line driver and receiver and interconnects subsystems.For making this pattern be propagated back to main frame from display and causing similar amount of delay 3504.

In order to determine the round trip delay time of the signal traversing client computer exactly, main frame counts the bit time periods number starting rear generation measuring period, until the beginning of 0xff, 0xff, 0x0 sequence is detected after arrival.This information is for determining that trip signal is delivered to client computer from main frame and also again returns time quantum used.Then, approximately the half of this quantity owing to the time delay created to the one-way passage of client computer for signal.

Display almost forbids its line driver immediately after sending last 0xff, 0xff, 0x0 pattern.Guard time 2 makes the line driver of display have the state entering high-impedance state before main frame sends the block length of next grouping completely.Dormancy is pulled on and resistor of leaving behind (see Figure 42) is guaranteed to be maintained at effective low level in the interval of MDDI_Data signal equal disabled line driver in main frame and display.

D. divide into groups CRC

Crc field appears at the end of grouping, and sometimes appear in grouping after some multiple key parameter, the grouping of the latter has very large data field, and therefore has the fallibility added between transmission period.In the grouping with two crc fields, when only using one, CRC generator is reinitialized after a CRC, therefore follows the calculating of the CRC after long data field not to be subject to the impact of grouping beginning parameter.

In an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the multinomial calculated for CRC is called as CRC-16, i.e. X ¹⁶+ X ¹⁵+ X ²+ X ⁰.CRC generator useful when Figure 36 illustrates and realizes of the present invention and the simple realization of verifier 3600.In Figure 36, CRC register 3602 is just initialized to value 0x0001 before grouping first bit transfer, and this first bit inputs on Tx_MDDI_Data_Before_CRC line, and the byte of then this grouping is shifted in in the register of LSB first beginning.Notice that the register bit number in this figure corresponds to multinomial order used, but not the bit position used by MDDI.More effective is that this bit position 0, CRC register bit 14 causing CRC bit 15 to appear at MDDICRC field appears at MDDICRC field bit position 1, and the rest may be inferred, until arrive MDDI bit position 14 with single direction displacement CRC register.

Exemplarily, if the packet content of display request and status packet is: 0x07,0x46,0x000400,0x00 (or show as byte sequence: 0x07,0x00,0x46,0x00,0x04,0x00,0x00), and submit to multiplexer 3604 and 3606 and with the input of non-(NAND) door 3608, it is 0x0ea1 (or being expressed as sequence 0xa1,0x0e) that the CRC that Tx_MDDI_Data_With_CRC line produces exports.

When CRC generator and verifier 3600 are configured to CRC check device, the CRC that Rx_MDDI_Data line receives is the input of multiplexer 3604 and NAND gate 3608, and with NOR gate 3610, XOR (XOR) door 3612 and the value successive appraximation that finds in CRC register with door 3614.Notice that the exemplary circuit shown in Figure 36 can export a more than CRC error signal in given CHECK_CRC_NOW window (see Figure 37 b).Therefore, CRC error counter only can count the CRC mistake example in each interval of CHECK_CRC_NOW activity.If be configured to CRC generator, then the time that CRC is conforming to point group end is exported from CRC register by as timeticks.

The caption timing of input and output signal and enable signal is used in Figure 37 a and 37b.By the state (0 or 1) of Gen_Reset, Check_CRC_Now, Generate_CRC_Now and Sending_MDDI_Data signal and Tx_MDDI_Data_Before_CRC and Tx_MDDI_Data_With_CRC signal, the generation of CRC and the transmission of packet are shown in Figure 37 a.By the state of Gen_Reset, Check_CRC_Now, Generate_CRC_Now and Sending_MDDI_Data signal and Rx_MDDI_Data and CRC error signal, the reception of packet and the verification of crc value are shown in Figure 37 b.

V. restart from the link of dormancy

When main frame restarts forward link from resting state, MDDI_Data is energized to about 150 microseconds of logical one state by it, then activating MDDI_Stb and MDDI_Data be energized to the logic zero state 50 microsecond simultaneously, then starting forward link traffic by sending Sub-frame Header grouping.This generally allows by providing enough stabilization time between signal to solve bus conflict before sending Sub-frame Header grouping.

When client computer, be here display, the data needing to come from host or communication time, MDDI_Data0 line is energized to about 70 microseconds of logical one state by it, but section At All Other Times can be used according to expectation, then forbid this driver by placing it in high-impedance state.The data traffic that this action makes main frame open or restart on forward link (208), and poll client computer is about its state.Main frame must detect the existence of request pulse in 50 microseconds, then starts initiating sequence, MDDI_Data0 is energized to logical one 150 microsecond and is energized to logical zero 50 microsecond.If display detects that in logical one state MDDI_Data0 is more than 50 microseconds, then it must not send service request pulse.Selection character and the tolerance in the time interval of the time relevant with initiating sequence with dormancy process are discussed below further.

Describe the treatment step example of the typical service request event 3800 not having contention in Figure 38, wherein indicate event with alphabetical A, B, C, D, E, F and G for convenience of description.When link-down grouping (LinkShutdownPacket) is sent to client apparatus to notify that its link will change low power sleep state into by main frame, process starts at an A.In next step, main frame is by forbidding MDDI_Data0 driver and MDDI_Stb driver being set to logical zero and entering low power sleep state, as shown in a B.MDDI_Data0 is urged to zero level by high impedance bias network.At some later time, client computer is by driving MDDI_Data0 as logical one level and service request pulse is sent to main frame as shown by p oint c.Main frame still sends zero level with high impedance bias network, and the driver in client computer forces circuit to become logical one level.In 50 microseconds, service request pulse recognized by main frame, and on MDDI_Data0, sends logical one level, as shown in a D by its driver enable.Then, client computer stops attempting to send service request pulse, and its driver is set to high-impedance state by client computer, as shown in an E.MDDI_Data0 drives as logic zero level 50 microsecond by main frame, as shown in a F, and starts to produce MDDI_Stb in the mode consistent with the logic zero level on MDDI_Data0.After MDDI_Data0 being set to zero level and drive MDDI_Stb50 microsecond, main frame begins through and sends Sub-frame Header grouping and start to send data on the forward link, as shown by pointg.

Describe similar example in Figure 39, wherein restart after sequence starts at link and send service request, and event marks with alphabetical A, B, C, D, E, F and G again.This has reproduced worst condition, and the request pulse wherein from client computer arrives closest to the grouping of destruction Sub-frame Header.When link-down grouping is sent to client computer to notify that its link will become low power sleep state by main frame again, process starts at an A place.In next step, main frame is by forbidding MDDI_Data0 driver and MDDI_Stb driver being set as zero level and entering low power sleep state, as shown in a B.Face, front is the same, and MDDI_Data0 is urged to zero level by high impedance bias network.Over time, become, client computer is by driving MDDI_Data0 as shown by p oint c as logical one level 150 microsecond and start link and restart sequence.Link restart sequence start after in the past before 50 microseconds, display also makes MDDI_Data0 effective within the duration of 70 microseconds, as shown in a D.This situation be because display needs not recognize that main frame has started link and restarted sequence to host request service.Then, client computer stops attempting to apply service request pulse, and its driver is set to high-impedance state by client computer, as shown in an E.Main frame continues MDDI_Data0 to drive as logical one level.MDDI_Data0 drives as logic zero level 50 microsecond by main frame, as shown in a F, and starts to produce MDDI_Stb in the mode consistent with the logic zero level on MDDI_Data0.After MDDI_Data0 being set to zero level and encourage MDDI_Stb50 microsecond, main frame begins through and sends Sub-frame Header grouping and start to send data on the forward link, as shown by pointg.

VI. Interface Electrical Specifications

In an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, data data strobe signal or the DATA-STB form of reverse non-return-to-zero (NRZ) form are encoded, and this allows clock information to be embedded in data and gating signal.Clock can be complicated phase-locked loop circuit and be resumed.Data are transmitted on two-way difference link, generally realize with wire cable, but as previously mentioned, also can use other wire, printing electric wire or transfer element.Gating signal (STB) is only transmitting by the one way link of host driven.Gating signal immediately state 0 or 1 time to reverse its value (0 or 1), this is also the same on data wire or signal.

Figure 40 figures out the example how sending the such as data sequence that bit " 1110001011 " is such with DATA-STB coding.In Figure 40, DATA signal 4002 illustrates on the top line of signal timing diagram, and STB signal 4004 illustrates on second line, respectively suitably time unifying (public starting point).As time goes on, when DATA line 4002 (signal) upper generation state variation, STB line 4004 (signal) keeps state above, and therefore, the first one state of DATA signal is relevant to initial value first " 0 " state of STB signal.But, if or when the state of DATA signal, level do not change, then STB signal switching is to " 1 " in relative state and precedent, is just providing the situation of another " 1 " value as DATA in Figure 40.That is, between DATA and STB, every bit period always has one and only has a conversion.Therefore, when DATA signal remains on " 1 ", STB signal again changes " 0 " specifically into and keeps this level or value when DATA signal level changes into " 0 ".When DATA signal remains on " 1 ", STB signal switching is to inverse state, and " 1 " namely in precedent, when DATA signal changes or keep level or be worth, the rest may be inferred.

After receiving these signals, DATA and STB signal carries out XOR (XOR) operation with clocking 4006, this illustrates bottom the sequential chart relatively of expected data and gating signal.Figure 41 illustrates a Circuits System example, exporting or signal, then recovering or these data of recapture from DATA and the STB signal of client computer for producing DATA and STB from the input data of main frame.

In Figure 41, radiating portion 400 for generation of and on intermediary signal path 4102, send original DATA and STB signal, and receiving unit 4120 recovers data for Received signal strength.As shown in figure 41, in order to data are sent to client computer from main frame, DATA signal is imported into two D flip-flop circuit elements 4104 and 4106 together with the clock signal for circuits for triggering.Then, two flip-flop circuits export (Q) and split into differential pair signal MDDI_Data0+, MDDI_Data0-and MDDI_Stb+, MDDI_Stb-respectively with two differential line drivers 4108 and 4110 (voltage mode).Three input XNOR (XNOR) doors, circuit or logic element 4112 are connected, for receiving the output of DATA and two trigger, and produce the output providing the data of the second trigger to input, this produces again MDDI_Stb+, MDDI_Stb-signal.In order to easy, XNOR door has anti-phase bubble, is used to indicate it and effectively makes the Q of the trigger of generation gating output anti-phase.

In the receiving unit 4120 of Figure 41, MDDI_Data0+, MDDI_Data0-and MDDI_Stb+, MDDI_Stb-signal received by each of two Differential line receiver 4122 and 4124 respectively, and receiver produces single output from differential signal.Then, the output of amplifier is transfused to each input of two inputs XOR (XOR) door, circuit or logic elements, the latter's clocking.Clock signal is for triggering each of two D flip-flop circuit 4128 and 4130, the latter receives the form of DATA signal through time delay by delay cell 4132, and one (4128) produces data " 0 " value and another (4130) produce data " 1 " value.The independence that clock also has from xor logic exports.Because clock information is distributed between DATA and STB line, the signal conversion therefore between state is all slow than the half of clock rate.Owing to having reproduced this clock with the XOR process of DATA and STB signal, therefore system has allowed the twice inputting compared with the situation that clock signal is directly sent out in single dedicated data line and depart between data and clock effectively.

MDDI_Data+, MDDI_Data-, MDDI_Stb+ and MDDI_Stb-signal is operated with difference modes in order to make maximum to the resistance of noise negative effect.The each several part of differential signal channel is the half source termination of the characteristic impedance of the cable or wire with transmission signal.MDDI_Data+ and MDDI_Data-is that source connects at main frame and client.Only there is one to be movable owing to locating these two drivers in preset time, therefore always there is termination at the source place of transmission link.MDDI_Stb+ and MDDI_Stb-signal is only by host driven.

Figure 42 illustrates a kind of configuration of exemplary elements, for realizing driver, receiver and the termination of signal transmission, as a part for creative MDD interface.And Table VII illustrates the corresponding DC electrical code of MDDI_Data and MDDI_Stb.This example interface uses low-voltage sensing, is 200 millivolts here, has the power excursion lower than 1 volt and low power consumption.

Table VII

Table VIII illustrates electric parameter and the characteristic of differential line driver and line receiver.Functionally, the logic level on input is directly sent to positive output by driver, and the anti-phase of input is sent to negative output.Time delay from input to output matches with differentially driven differential lines well.Great majority realize in, in order to make power consumption and electromagnetic radiation minimum, the voltage drift of output is less than the drift of input.Table VII provides the minimum voltage drift being about 0.8 volt.But other value can be used, this is known to those skilled in the art, and inventor limits the smaller value contemplated in certain embodiments on 0.5 or 0.6 order of magnitude according to design.

Differential line receiver has the characteristic identical with high speed voltage comparator.In Figure 41, do not have anti-phase input to be positive input, and have anti-phase input to be negative input.If: (V _input+)-(V _input-) be greater than zero, then export as logical one.Another illustrates that the mode of this point is the differential lines amplifier with very large (unlimited in fact) gain, and its output is limited at logical zero and 1 voltage level place.

Should make different between time delay depart from minimum, thus with the highest potential speed operation differential transmission system.

In Figure 42, illustrate that console controller 4202 and client computer and display controller 4204 transmit grouping on communication link 4206.Console controller employs that a series of three drivers 4210,4212 and 4214 receive will by the main frame DATA that transmits and STB signal, and receive will by client data (Data) signal transmitted.The driver that responsible main frame DATA passes through uses enable signal input to come only just to allow this communication link of activation when needing the transmission from main frame to client computer.Because STB signal is formed as a part for transfer of data, therefore do not use any additional enable signal for this driver (4212).The output of each DATA with STB driver is connected with 4216d with terminal impedance and resistor 4216a, 4216b, 4216c respectively.

Terminating resistor 4216a and 4216b is also as the sending-end impedance of the client receiver 4220 for STB signal transacting, and additional terminating resistor 4216e and 4216f connects with resistor 4216c and 4216d respectively on the input of client data process receiver 4222.The 6th driver 4226 in client-controller is for preparing the data-signal that will be transferred into main frame from client computer, and wherein the driver 4214 of input processes the data that will be transferred into main frame and carry out processing by terminating resistor 4216c and 4216d.

Two booster resistor 4218a and 4218b are placed on terminating resistor and between ground and voltage source 4220 respectively, as the part that the dormancy described in other place controls.Voltage source is used for transmission line to be driven into the flowing that aforesaid high or low level carrys out management data.

Above-mentioned driver and impedance can be formed as discrete component or as application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) (ASIC), and the latter serves as the more effective encoder of usefulness cost or decoder solution.

Easily can see, in couple of conductor, power is transferred to client apparatus from host apparatus with the signal being designated as MDDI_Pwr and MDDI_Gnd, or display.The MDDI_Gnd part of signal serves as power supply backward channel or the signal of reference ground and display equipment.MDDI_Pwr signal serves as the display equipment power supply driven by host apparatus.In exemplary configuration, for low power applications, display equipment is allowed to extract 500 milliamperes.MDDI_Pwr signal can from for example but the lithium-ion type battery being not limited to reside in host apparatus or the such portable power source of battery pack be provided, and can to change within the scope of 3.2 to 4.3 volts about MDDI_Gnd.

VII. Timing characteristics

A. summarize

Describe in Figure 43 by client computer to protect the service of from host and by main frame in order to the step that provides this service and use and signal level.In Figure 43, described Part I signal illustrates the link-down grouping spread out of from main frame, and then data wire high impedance bias circuit is urged to the logic zero state.Any data do not launched by client display or main frame, and its driver is forbidding.Because MDDI_Stb is movable during link-down grouping, a series of strobe pulses of MDDI_Stb holding wire therefore can be seen in bottom.Once this grouping end and biasing circuit and logical drive are zero vanishing at main frame by logic level, then MDDI_Stb holding wire also vanishing level.This represents to come the last Signal transmissions of from host or the termination of service, and may occur any time in the past, comprises it to illustrate the previous stopping of service, and service start before signal condition.If needed, only can send this signal in order to communication link is reset to appropriate state, and not need the earlier communication that " knowing " has been taked by this main frame.

As shown in figure 43, the signal output from client computer is set as zero logic level at first.In other words, client computer output is at high impedance, and driver is disabled.When a service is requested, client computer starts its driver and service request is sent to main frame, and this is a period of time, is indicated as being t _service, line is driven to logical one level during this period.Then, a period of time goes over, or may need before Host Detection request, is called t _host-detect, main frame is by driving signal as logical one level and responding with link homing sequence after this.Here, this request of client de-asserts and forbid service request driver, makes the output line vanishing logic level again from client computer.During this period of time, MDDI_Stb signal is in logic zero level.

Main frame is in time period t _restart-highinterior output by host data drives as level"1", aft engine logic level driven be zero and in time period t _restart-lowinterior activation MDDI_Stb, the first forward direction traffic starts with frame header packet afterwards, and then forward direction traffic packets is transmitted.MDDI_Stb signal is in time period t _restart-lowactivity is in during frame header packet subsequently.

Table VIII illustrates the representative time of above-mentioned various time period length, and with the relation of exemplary minimum and maximum data rate, wherein:

t_{bit} = \frac{1}{Link_Data_Rate}

Table VIII

Parameter	Describe	Minimum	Generally	Maximum	Unit
						t _service	The duration of display service request pulse	60	70	80	Microsecond
t _restart-high	Host link restarts the duration of high impulse	140	150	160	Microsecond
						t _restart-low	Host link restarts the duration of low pulse	40	50	60	Microsecond
t _{display-detect}	Display detects the time that link restarts sequence	1		50	Microsecond
						t _host-detect	The time of Host Detection service request pulse	1		50	Microsecond
1/t _bit-min-perf	The link data rates of minimum performance device	0.001		1	Mbps
						1/t _bit-max-perf	The maximum link data speed range of device	0.001		450	Mbps
	Reverse link data rate	0.0005		50	Mbps
						t _bit	The cycle of a forward link data bit	2.2		10 ⁶	Nanosecond

Those skilled in the art can easily understand, and the function of the individual component described in Figure 41 and 42 is well-known, and in Figure 42, the function of element is determined by the timing diagram in Figure 43.From Figure 41, omit the series terminations shown in Figure 42 and dormancy resistor details, this is because describe how to perform Data-Strobe (Data-Strobe) coding and therefrom recovered clock do not need this information.

B. Data-Strobe (Data-Srobe) sequential forward link

Table I X illustrates the switching characteristic exporting transfer of data on the forward link from host driver.Table I X provides and expectation minimum and maximum time that certain signal changes form relative to the general time occurs.Such as, data value start at the end of occur transformation t _{tdd-(host-output)}, namely Data0 to Data0 converts general time span used is t _tbit, and minimum time is about t _tbit-0.5 nanosecond, be maximumly about t _tbit+ 0.5 nanosecond.The relative spacing between the upper transformation of Data0, other data wire (DataX) and select lines (Stb) is described in Figure 44, Data0 to Strobe, Strobe to Strobe shown in it, Strobe to Data0, Data0 to non-Data0, non-Data0 to non-Data0, non-Data0 to Strobe and Strobe changes to non-Data0, is called as t respectively _{tds-(host-output)}, t _{tss-(host-output)}, t _{tsd-(host-output)}, t _{tddx-(host-output}), t _{tdxdx-(host-output)}, t _{tdxs-(host-output)}and t _{tsdx-(host-output)}.

Table I X

Parameter	Describe	Minimum	Generally	Maximum	Unit
						t _{tdd-(host-output)}	Data0 to Data0 converts	t _tbit-0.5	t _tbit	t _tbit+0.5	Nanosecond
t _{tds-(host-output)}	Data0 to Strobe converts	t _tbit-0.8	t _tbit	t _tbit+0.8	Nanosecond
						t _{tss-(host-output)}	Strobe to Strobe converts	t _tbit-0.5	t _tbit	t _tbit+0.5	Nanosecond
t _{tsd-(host-output)}	Strobe to Data0 converts	t _tbit-0.8	t _tbit	t _tbit+0.8	Nanosecond
						t _{tddx-(host-output)}	Data0 converts to non-Data0	t _tbit-0.？	t _tbit	t _tbit+0.？	Nanosecond
t _{tdxdx-(host-output)}	Non-Data0 converts to non-Data0		t _tbit		Nanosecond
						t _{tdxs-(host-output)}	Non-Data0 to Strobe conversion	t _tbit-0.？	t _tbit	t _tbit+0.？	Nanosecond
t _{tsdx-(host-output)}	Strobe converts to non-Data0	t _tbit-0.？	t _tbit	t _tbit+0.？	Nanosecond

The general MDDI timing demands of the client receiver input of the identical signal of data is transmitted on the forward link shown in Table X.Be identical signal due to what discuss but be time delays, therefore do not need new figure clear signal characteristic or the meaning of respective markers, this is that those skilled in the art are to understand.

Table X

Parameter	Describe	Minimum	Generally	Maximum	Unit
						t _{tdd-(display-input)}	Data0 to Data0 converts	t _tbit-1.0	t _tbit	t _tbit+1.0	Nanosecond
t _{tds-(display-input)}	Data0 to Srobe converts	t _tbit-1.5	t _tbit	t _tbit+1.5	Nanosecond
						t _{tss-(display-input)}	Srobe to Srobe converts	t _tbit-1.0	t _tbit	t _tbit+1.0	Nanosecond
t _{tsd-(display-input)}	Srobe to Data0 converts	t _tbit-1.5	t _tbit	t _tbit+1.5	Nanosecond
						t _{tddx-(host-output)}	Data0 converts to non-Data0	t _tbit-0.？	t _tbit	t _tbit+0.？	Nanosecond
t _{tdxdx-(host-output)}	Non-Data0 converts to non-Data0		t _tbit		Nanosecond
						t _{tdxs-(host-output)}	Non-Data0 to Srobe conversion	t _tbit-0.？	t _tbit	t _tbit+0.？	Nanosecond
t _{tsdx-(host-output)}	Srobe converts to non-Data0	t _tbit-0.？	t _tbit	t _tbit+0.？	Nanosecond

Figure 45 and 46 illustrates the existence of time delay respectively, and time delay is at main frame forbidding or can occur when enabling host driver.When main frame transmits some grouping, for example Reverse Link Encapsulation grouping or round trip delay time measure grouping, main frame is disabled line driver after expectation grouping is passed, and expects to divide into groups have the parameter CRC be transmitted described in Figure 45, Strobe Alignment and full zero packets.But as shown in figure 45, line states is unnecessary from " 0 " the instantaneous high value switching to expectation, but this can control with existing certain potentially or circuit element realizes, but needs a period of time, is called host driver forbidding delay time section, responds.Although it almost occurs immediately so that this time period length is 0 nanosecond (nsec); but it easily can expand to the long period section of some 10 nanosecond; it is the maximum time segment length expected, during occurring in guard time 1 or turning to 1 packet time section.

See Figure 46, when in order to transmit such as Reverse Link Encapsulation grouping or round trip delay time measure grouping such grouping and enable host driver time, can see that signal level changes.Here; guard time 2 or after turning to 2 packet time sections; host driver is activated; and start to drive a level; here be " 0 "; during the enable delay time section of host driver close to and reach this value, it occur in the first grouping be sent out before driver again in the enable time period.

Similar process is occurred for the driver of client computer (being display here) and Signal transmissions.The general standard of these time period length shown in following table XI, and their corresponding relations.

Table X I

Describe	Minimum	Maximum	Unit
				The time delay of host driver forbidding	0	10	Nanosecond
The enable time delay of host driver	0	2.0	Nanosecond
				The time delay of display driver forbidding	0	10	Nanosecond
The enable time delay of display driver	0	2.0	Nanosecond

C. Data-Strobe timing reverse link

Figure 47 and 48 illustrates and transmits the data of data and the switching characteristic of gating signal and timing relationship on reverse link for exporting from client drive.The typical time period that certain signal changes is discussed below.Figure 47 describes the relation between data timing and strobe pulse rising and falling edges that host receiver input end is just being transmitted.That is, the t of the settling time in gating signal rising and forward position is called _sd-srand gating signal trailing edge i.e. t settling time on rear edge _su-sf.These settling time section typical length on the order of magnitude of 8 nanoseconds.

Figure 48 describes the switching characteristic and corresponding client computer output time delay that are formed by reverse data timing.In Figure 48, the relation between the data timing be just transmitted and the strobe pulse rising and falling edges causing time delay can be seen.That is, the rising of so-called gating signal and the propagation delay t between forward position and data _pd-sr, and data and gating signal trailing edge namely after along between propagation delay t _pd-sf.The typical length of these propagation delay time periods is on the order of magnitude of 8 nanoseconds.

VIII. link controls the realization of (link controller operation)

A. State Machine Packet Processor

The grouping that MDDI link transmits is scheduled very fast, and usual speed on 300Mbps or the higher order of magnitude, but can certainly use lower speed as required.Such bus or transmission link speed for available on Current commercial (economic) general purpose microprocessor or for other analog controlled Yan Tai great.Therefore, the actual realization realizing this Signal transmissions decomposes input stream of packets with programmable state machine, thus produce the grouping being transmitted or being redirected to the suitable audio-visual subsystem that they are expected.

General purpose controller, processor or treatment element suitably can be used for for or handle the such information of such as control or status packet, and they are lower to the requirement of speed.When receiving those groupings (control, state or other predefined grouping), they should be delivered to general processor by data buffer or similar treatment element by state machine, make to act on grouping and the result (effect) of expectation is provided, and audio frequency and visual grouping are worked in order to this is transferred to their suitable destinations.

By utilize the microprocessor (CPU) in computer application or the ASIC in processor, digital signal processor (DSP) or wireless device can process effect or transition period, can realize general processor operation in certain embodiments, this and some modulator-demodulator or graphic process unit use the process effect of CPU in computer to perform some and to operate and to reduce hardware complexity extremely identical with the mode of expense.But this negatively can affect total operation of processing speed, sequential or this element.Therefore in numerous applications, be preferably this general procedure and select special circuit or element.

In order to watch view data on display (micro-display), or reliably receive all groupings sent by main frame, monitor signal process must with forward link channel Timing Synchronization.That is, the signal arriving display and display circuit must be synchronous in time, thus suitable signal transacting occurs.The high level state figure that can realize this synchronous signal transacting step or method and realize is provided in the explanation of Figure 49.In Figure 49, the possible forward link of shown state machine 4900 synchronous " state " be classified into async framing (AsyncFrames) state 4904, two catch synchronous (AcquiringSync) state 4902 and 4906 and three synchronous in (In-Sync) state 4908,4910 and 4912.

As started shown in step or state 4902, display starts with previously selected " without synchronous " state, and searches for unique word in first detected subframe header packet.It should be noted that without synchronous regime, this represents that the minimal communications of wherein Selective type PCI interface is arranged or " retrogressing " is arranged.When finding unique word in the search, display retains subframe lengths field.This first frame does not verify for the treatment of CRC bit, or until obtain synchronous.If this subframe lengths is zero, so synchronous regime process proceeds to according to the method the state 4904 being designated as " async framing " state here, represents and not yet reaches synchronous.In Figure 49, this step in process is denoted as and runs into cond3, i.e. condition 3.Otherwise if frame length is greater than zero, then synchronous regime process proceeds to state 4906, Interface status is set as there " having found a synchronization frame ".In Figure 49, this step in process is denoted as and runs into cond5, i.e. condition 5.In addition, if see that frame header packet and good CRC determine for the frame length state machine being greater than 0, then process proceeds to " having found a synchronization frame " state.In Figure 49, this step in process is denoted as and runs into cond6, i.e. condition 6.

In often kind of situation that system is in outside " without synchronous " state, when unique word being detected and determine good CRC result for Sub-frame Header grouping, and subframe lengths is greater than zero, and so Interface status becomes " in synchronous " state 4908.In Figure 49, this step in process is denoted as and runs into cond1, i.e. condition 1.On the other hand, if in the CRC of unique word or Sub-frame Header grouping any one is incorrect, then synchronous regime process whereabouts or turn back to the Interface status 4902 of " without synchronization frame " state.In the state diagram of Figure 49, this part process is denoted as and runs into cond2, i.e. condition 2.

B. the synchronization gain time

Interface can be configured to determining to lose synchronous and holding " the synchronous mistake " of a certain quantification before turning back to " without synchronization frame " state.In Figure 49, once state machine reaches " in synchronous state " and do not find mistake, then it runs into condition 1 result just continuously, and keeps " in synchronous " state.But once condition 2 result be detected, process makes state become " a synchronous mistake " state 4910.Like this, if process causes another condition 1 result being detected, then state machine returns " in synchronous " state, otherwise it runs into another condition 2 result, and moves to " two synchronous mistakes " state 4912.Equally, if occurrence condition 1, process just makes state machine return " in synchronous " state.Obviously, meet " link-down grouping " and link termination transfer of data can be caused and return " without synchronization frame " state, this is because do not have can be synchronous with it content, this is called as the cond4 met in the state diagram of Figure 49, or condition 4.

Be appreciated that " the false copy " that may repeat unique word, this appears at some the fixed position place in subframe.In this case, state machine very can not and synchronizing sub-frame, this is because in order to make the process of MDD interface proceed to " synchronous in " state, the CRC in Sub-frame Header grouping must be effectively.

Subframe lengths in Sub-frame Header grouping may be set as zero, and to indicate main frame only will send a subframe before link is closed, and MDD interface is placed in or is configured to idle state.In this case, display must receive the grouping on forward link immediately after Sub-frame Header grouping being detected, this is because only there was single subframe to be issued before link changes idle condition into.In conventional or typical operation, subframe lengths non-zero, only processes forward link packets when to be collectively referred to as " IN_SYNC " state in Figure 49 at those when interface.

Display required time synchronous with forward link signal is the variable depending on subframe size and forward link data rate.When subframe size is larger, the likelihood " false copy " of unique word being detected as at random or the more random data of part in forward link is also larger.Meanwhile, when forward link data rate is slower, detect from vacation the ability recovered lower, the time completed needed for it is longer.

C. initialization

As previously mentioned, when " startup ", host configuration forward link is operated under the minimum required or desired data rate of 1Mbps, and configuration is applicable to subframe lengths and the media frame rate of given application.That is, forward direction and reverse link all use type i interface to start.When main frame be client display (or other device) determine performance or desired configuration time, the general only Interim use of these parameters.In order to ask display display performance packet acknowledgment, main frame sends on the forward link or transmits Sub-frame Header grouping, and it followed by Reverse Link Encapsulation grouping, and the position " 0 " of this grouping request flag is set as value one (1).Once display obtains synchronously on (use) forward link, it just sends display performance grouping on reverse link or channel and display is asked and status packet.

In order to determine the link how reconfiguring the best or expected performance rank, main frame checks the content of display performance grouping.Main frame checks that protocol version and minimal protocol version field confirm that main frame and display use protocol version compatible each other.Protocol version keeps the first two parameter of display performance grouping, therefore, even if may be incompatible or when can not be considered to compatibility completely at other element of agreement, also can determine compatibility.

D.CRC process

For all packet types, packet handler state machine guarantees that CRC verifier is suitably controlled.It also makes crc error counter increase when CRC compares and causes detected one or more error.And it resets crc counter when each processed subframe starts.

IX. packet transaction

For each class grouping that above-mentioned state machine receives, it takes a particular procedure step or series of steps to realize the operation of interface.Forward link packets is generally processed according to the exemplary process listed by following table XII.

Table X II

X. reverse link data rate is reduced

Inventor observes, in order to realize expecting very much maximum or (convergent-divergent) reverse link data rate more optimized, can regulate in some way or some parameter that configure host link controller is used.Such as, for transmit Reverse Link Encapsulation grouping reverse link grouping field time in, MDDI_Stb signal to repeatedly changing, to create the periodic data clock of forward link data rate half.This be correspond to the MDDI_Stb signal of MDDI_Data0 because host link controller produces, just look like that it sends complete zero the same.MDDI_Stb signal is sent to display from main frame, and wherein it is used for producing the clock signal for from display transmission reverse link data, and reverse link data is sent back to main frame with it.To use in the system of MDDI on forward direction and backward channel Signal transmissions shown in Figure 50 and process the typical amount of delay of meeting.At Figure 50, shown a series of delay value 1.5 nanosecond, 8.0 nanoseconds, 2.5 nanoseconds, 2.0 nanoseconds, 1.0 nanoseconds, 1.5 nanoseconds, 8.0 nanoseconds and 2.5 nanoseconds respectively close to Stb+/-produce, cable transmission is synchronous to display, display receiver, clock generating, signal, Data0+/-to produce, cable transmission is to the processing section of main frame and host receiver level.

According to run into forward link data rate and signal transacting time delay, complete this " come and go " effect or one group of event may time in cycle more more than one than MDDI_Stb signal demand, cause and consume undesirable time or periodic quantity.In order to prevent this problem, Reverse Rate Divisor makes the bit-time on reverse link can cross over multiple cycles of MDDI_Stb signal.This means that reverse link data rate is lower than forward link rate.

It should be noted that to be changed according to used each particular host-client machine system or hardware by the actual signal delay length of interface.Each system generally shows better by carrying out the actual time delay in measuring system with round trip delay time measurement grouping, and therefore Reverse Rate Divisor can be set as optimum value.

Round trip delay time is sent to display to measure by making main frame that round trip delay time is measured grouping.Display is by the measurement window selected in advance in this grouping or in period, 1 sequence is sent it back main frame and to this packet acknowledgment, this measurement window is called Measuring Time section field.The detailed sequential of this measurement is in front explanation.Round trip delay time is for determining the speed that can sample safely residing for reverse link data.

Round trip delay time measurement comprises the number determining, detect or count forward link data clock interval, the beginning that described clock interval occurs in Measuring Time section field and receive 0xff, 0xff, 0x00 response sequence from display at main frame place time period between.Notice that the response from display may be received before the sub-fraction forward link clock cycle before measurement count will increase.If the value of this unmodified is for calculating Reverse Rate Divisor, then it can cause the bit error on reverse link caused by corrupt data is sampled.Describe an example of this situation in Figure 51, wherein graphically describe signals such as representing forward link data clock in the MDDI_Data at main frame place, the MDDI_Stb at main frame place, main frame and time delay counting.In Figure 51, response sequence was received before the sub-fraction forward link clock cycle that time delay counting will increase to before 7 from 6.If assuming that time delay is 6, then main frame will always after bit transition or may sample to reverse data in the middle of the bit transition.This can cause the mistake at main frame place to be sampled.For this reason, the time delay through measuring should by increasing one before calculating Reverse Rate Divisor with it.

Reverse Rate Divisor is the MDDI_Stb periodicity that main frame should be waited for before sampling to reverse link data.Because MDDI_Stb is with the rate loop of the half of forward link rate, the round trip delay time therefore through correcting is measured to be needed by divided by 2, then rounds up to next integer.This relation is formulated as follows:

reverse_rate_div isor = RoundUpToNextInteger (\frac{round_trip_delay + 1}{2})

For given example, this becomes:

reverse_rate_div isor = RoundUpToNextInteger (\frac{6 + 1}{2})

If round trip delay time used in this example is measured and is not 6 but 7, then Reverse Rate Divisor also can equal 4.

Reverse link data is sampled by the rising edge of main frame at Reverse Link Clock.This is for generation of the counter of Reverse Link Clock or similar known circuit or device in main frame and client computer (display).Counter is initialised, make first of Reverse Link Clock rising edge occur in Reverse Link Encapsulation grouping reverse link grouping field in the first bit beginning.This illustrates in order to example given below in Figure 52.The counter-increments at each rising edge place of MDDI_Stb signal, and their wraparounds before occur count number divided into groups by Reverse Link Encapsulation in Reverse Rate Divisor parameter arrange.Because MDDI_Stb signal is changed at the half place of forward link rate, therefore reverse link rate is the half of the forward link rate removed by Reverse Rate Divisor.Such as, if forward link rate is 200Mbps and Reverse Rate Divisor is 4, then reverse link data rate is expressed as:

\frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{200 Mbps}{4} = 25 Mbps

The timing example of MDDI_Data0 and MDDI_Stb holding wire in the grouping of Reverse Link Encapsulation shown in Figure 52, wherein illustrates that packet parameters used has fol-lowing values:

(0x0400) turns to 1 length=1 in block length=1024

(0x41) turns to 2 length=1 in packet type=65

Reverse Rate Divisor=2, Reverse Link Flags=0

Parameter CRC=0xdb43 complete zero is 0x00

Strobe Alignment is 0x00,0x00,0x60

Grouped data between block length and parameter crc field is:

0x00，0x04，0x41，0x00，0x02，0x01，0x01，0x43，0xdb，0x00，0x00，0x60，0x00...

The first reverse link returned from display is grouped into display request and status packet, and its block length is 7, and packet type is 70.This grouping is with byte value 0x07, and 0x00,0x46... start, and the rest may be inferred.But, only can see first character joint (0x07) in Figure 52.In order to actual reverse link time delay is described, this first reverse link divides into groups in the drawings the time to be shifted a Reverse Link Clock cycle nearly.Dotted line trace illustrates to have the ideal waveform of zero main frame to display round trip delay time.

Strobe Alignment byte is transmitted after the MS byte of parameter crc field, is then all-zero word section.The gating carrying out from host switches to zero from 1, is then back to 1 when the data carrying out from host change the level formed compared with broad pulse.When data vanishing, gating switches with higher rate, only has the change on data wire in data can cause the change at alignment field end place.Gating switches with higher rate in order to the remainder in the figure that 0 or 1 level causes of fixing of the data-signal by expansion time section, changes and drops on pulse pattern (edge).

When Clock enable holds reverse link grouping, the Reverse Link Clock of main frame was zero before turning to for 1 time period.The arrow of figure bottom represents when sampled data, and this will become apparent from following announcement.Shown in be just transmitted grouping field first character joint (being 11000000 here) start turning to 1 after, line level from host driver disabled rear stablize.Time delay in first bit lanes, and the time delay in position 3, can seen in the dotted line of data (Data) signal.

In Figure 53, the representative value of the Reverse Rate Divisor based on forward link data rate can be observed.The result that actual Reverse Rate Divisor is measured as round link and being determined, to ensure suitable reverse link operations.First area 5302 corresponds to ESD protection area, and second area 5304 corresponds to the region of local edge, and represent can not the setting of proper handling in the 3rd region 5306.

When or at forward direction or on reverse link with arbitrary interface type setting operation time, round trip delay time is measured and Reverse Rate Divisor arranges identical, this represents due to their units with the actual clock cycle and operate, but not with being launched or receivedly arriving bit number.

XI. turn to and guard time

As previously mentioned, turn to 1 field and the round trip delay time guard time 1 measured in grouping in Reverse Link Encapsulation grouping specify the length value allowing host interface drivers disabled before enabling display interface device driver.Turn to 2 and guard time 2 field provide and allow the time value disabled before enabling host driver of display driver.Guard time 1 and guard time 2 field are generally filled by the value preset or select in advance of length, and it can not be conditioned.According to used interface hardware, these values can draw with empirical data research and be conditioned in some cases in order to operation improving.

Some questions is determined to work to turning to the length of 1, and these are the maximum forbidding time of MDDI_Data driver in forward link data rate and main frame.The maximum host driver forbidding time specifies in Table X I, and it illustrates that driver needed for forbid about 10 maximum times nanosecond and about 2 nanoseconds enabled.Host driver wants the minimum number of disabled forward link clock to represent according to following relationship:

Clocks_to_{disable}_{TA 1} = \frac{ForwardLinkDataRate}{{InterfaceTypeFactor}_{FWD}} \cdot {HostDriverDisableDelay}_{\max}

The value scope turning to 1 to allow represents according to following relationship:

Turn_Around_1 &GreaterEqual; RoundUpToNextInteger (\frac{Clocks_to_{disable}_{TA 1}}{8} \cdot {InterfaceTypeFactor}_{FWD})

Wherein the interface type factor (InteffaceTypeFactor) is 1 for type i, is 2 for Type II, is 4 for type-iii, is 8 for type i V.

Associating two formula above, can see, interface type is eliminated because of subitem, turns to 1 to be defined as:

Turn_Around_1 = RoundUpToNextInteger (\frac{ForwardLinkDataRate \cdot {HostDriverDisableDelay}_{\max}}{8})

Such as, the type-iii forward link of 1500Mbps can use below turn to 1 time delay:

Along with the increase of round trip delay time, sequential edge when being activated from the disabled point of main frame to display is improved.

The factor of time span is the maximum forbidding time of MDDI_Data driver in forward link data rate, display and the round trip delay time of communication link to turn to 2 to be generally used for determining.The calculating of forbidding display driver required time is generally identical with the time of discussing for host driver above, and defines according to following relationship:

Clocks_to_{disable}_{TA 2} = \frac{ForwardLinkDataRate}{{InterfaceTypeFactor}_{FWD}} \cdot {DisplayDriverDisableDelay}_{\max}

And the value Range Representation turning to 2 to allow is:

Turn_Around_2 &GreaterEqual; RoundUpToNextInteger (\frac{Clocks_to_{disable}_{TA 2} + round_trip_delay + 1}{(\frac{8}{{InterfaceTypeFactor}_{FWD}})})

Such as, what the 1500Mbps type-iii forward link with 10 forward link clocks generally used the following order of magnitude turns to 2 time delays:

Turn_Around_2 &GreaterEqual; RoundUpToNextInteger (\frac{3.75 + 10 + 1}{(\frac{8}{4})}) = 8

XII. physical layer interconnection describes

According to the present invention realize interface physical connection used can with business can part realize, the Part No. 3260-8S2 (01) for example manufactured in host side by HiroseElectric Co., Ltd, and the Part No. 3240-8P-C manufactured at display equipment end by HiroseElectric Co., Ltd.Table X III lists and distributes i.e. " pinout " with the exemplary types PCI interface lead-in wire of this connector of type i interface.

Table X TTI

Signal name	Lead-in wire number	Signal name	Lead-in wire number
				MDDI_Gnd	1	MDDI_Pwr	2
MDDI_Stb+	3	MDDI_Stb-	4
				MDDI_DAT0+	5	MDDI_DAT0-	6
MDDI_DAT1+	7	MDDI_DAT1-	8
						Shielding

In order to enough little and to use together with calculation element with such as PDA and radio telephone or the such mobile communication of portable type game device and selected or indicate interconnection element or device, outstanding or ugly compared with relevant apparatus size.Any connector and circuit should be able to continue in typical user environment and allow especially for small size and the relative low expense of cable.Transfer element should supply data as difference NRZ data and gating signal, and they have the transmission rate up to about 450Mbps for type i and Type II, have the transmission rate up to 3.6Gbps for 8 bit parallel type i V versions.

XIII. operate

The general step general introduction that during using the interface operation of the embodiment of the present invention shown in Figure 54 a and 54b, deal with data and grouping adopt, and the summary of the interface arrangement divided into groups in process Figure 55.In these figures, process and start in step 5402 place, determine whether client computer is connected with communication port with main frame, and communication port is cable here.This can by being occurred by main frame periodic poll, the software detecting the existence of connector or cable or signal at main frame input (such as seen at USB interface) or hardware and other known technology.If do not have client computer to be connected with main frame, then its to enter simply according to application certain predetermined length wait state, enter park mode or be prevented from and etc. for future use, the latter requires that user takes action to reactivate main frame.Such as, when Host-resident is on computer type device, user may must click screen-icon or ask active host process to go to find the program of client computer.Equally, the simple insertion that USB type connects, such as Type-U interface is used, can active host process.

Once client computer is connected with main frame, vice versa, or be detected as existence, then or main frame or client computer in step 5404 and 5406, send suitable grouping request service.Client computer meeting or send display service request or send status packet in step 5404.Notice, as mentioned above, link may previously have been closed or be in park mode, and therefore this may not be the complete initialization of the communication link allowed.Once communication link obtains synchronous and main frame is attempted and client communication, then client computer also needs display performance grouping to be supplied to main frame, as shown in step 5408.Main frame can start the support type determining that client's function provides now, comprises transmission rate.

Generally speaking, main frame and client computer are also consulted in step 5410 will by the service mode type (speed/speed) used, such as type i, type U, Type II etc.Once establish COS, main frame just starts transmission information.In addition, main frame can be measured grouping with round trip delay time and carrys out the timing with other signal transacting optimize communicate link abreast, as shown in step 5411.

As previously mentioned, all transmission all start with Sub-frame Header grouping, and being transmitted in step 5412, is thereafter data type, are Audio and Video flow point group and filler grouping here, are transmitted shown in step 5414.Voice & Video flow data will be ready and be mapped into grouping in advance, and filler grouping is inserted into the bit number that fills up needed for media frame as required.Grouping such for the such as enable grouping of forward direction voice-grade channel can be sent to movable audio unit by main frame, or in addition, main frame by above-mentioned other packet type transfer instruction or information, can illustrate other grouping in transmission chromatic graph, bit block transmission or step 5416 here.In addition, main frame and the client computer data that suitable packet switching can be used relevant with keyboard or indicating device.

During operation, for a moment occurring of some different event, this can cause main frame or client computer to expect different data rates or interface modes type.Such as, computer or other device transmitting data can run into the download condition in deal with data, and it causes the preparation of grouping or represents slack-off.The display receiving data can become more limited battery supply from special AC power supplies, and or data, easily processing instruction can not be transmitted, or resolution or the color depth of lower equal extent on probation can not be set at more limited power supply. equally soonOr restrictive condition can be eliminated or disappear, allow arbitrary device with high rate data transmission data.Because this more and more expects, request of therefore can making is to change to higher transmission rate pattern.

If the known conditions of these or other type occurs or changes, then or main frame or client computer can detect them and attempt again to consult interface modes.This is shown in step 5420, wherein Interface Type Handoff Request grouping (InterfaceTypeHandoffRequestPackets) is sent to client computer by main frame, ask the switching to another pattern, client computer sends interface type acknowledgment packet (InterfaceTypeAcknowledgePackets), confirm by the change of seeking, then main frame sends and performs type and switch grouping (PerformTypeHandoffPackets) and make change to designated mode.

Although do not need specific processing order, client computer and main frame also can exchange the grouping relevant with the data pointed to or receive from the input unit of indicating device, keyboard or main other user type relevant with client computer, but these elements also may reside in host side.These general universal processes of grouping or type element and stateless mechanism process (5502).In addition, some instruction discussed above also can be processed (5504,5508) by general processor.

Have exchanged data and instruction between main frame and client computer after, some point makes decision whether to transmit additional data, or whether main frame or client computer to stop to transmission service.This is shown in step 5422.If link will enter or resting state or be closed completely, then link-down (LinkShutdown) grouping is sent to client computer by main frame, and two ends all stop transfer of data.

The grouping be transmitted in aforesaid operations process is by with transmitting about the driver of main frame and client-controller discussion and receiver above.These line drivers are connected with general processor with above-mentioned state machine with other logic element, as described in the summary of Figure 55.In Figure 55, state machine 5502 and general processor 5504 also element unshowned with other are connected, for example USB Interface Special, memory component or other assembly of residing in outside the link controller of their institutes power alternately, including, but not limited to: the video control chips of data source and visual display devices.

What processor and state machine were the above-mentioned driver discussed about protection event etc. enable and forbidding provides control, to guarantee effective foundation and the termination of communication link, and transmitted in packets.

XIV. annex

Except form, structure and the content discussed for the grouping of various structure and agreement for realizing the embodiment of the present invention, give the more detailed field contents of some packet type here above.Here provide these to illustrate their point other purposes or operations further, thus make those skilled in the art more easily can understand the present invention and be various application and utilize it.Here only further some fields of not yet discussing of discussion.

A. for stream of video packets

Display properties field (Displayattributesfield) (1 byte) has a series of place value, is explained as follows.How route display pixel data are selected in position 1 and 0.For place value " 00 " or " 11 ", data are shown to eyes, and for place value " 10 ", data are only routed to left eye, and for place value " 01 ", data are only routed to right eye.Position 2 represents whether provide pixel data (PixelData) with interleaving format, and line number (pixel Y-coordinate) increases 1 when advancing to next line from a line.When this place value is " 1 ", pixel data is interleaving format, and line number increases 2 when advancing to next line from a line.Position 3 represents that pixel data is in alternate pixel format.This is similar to by the enable standard interlace mode in position 2, but intertexture is vertical and nonparallel.When position 3 is 0, pixel data is in the progressive form of standard, and row number (pixel X-coordinate) increase 1 when receiving each contiguous pixels.When position 3 is 1, pixel data is in alternate pixel format, and row number increase 2 when receiving each pixel.Position 7 to 4 is stayed for future use and is generally set as zero.

The X initial sum Y start field (XStartandYStartfields) of 2 bytes specifies the absolute coordinate (XStart, YStart) of X and Y of first pixel in pixel data field.The X left hand edge of 2 bytes and Y top edge field (XLeftEdgeandYTopEdgefields) specify left hand edge coordinate X and the top edge coordinate Y of the screen window of being filled by pixel data field, and X right hand edge and Y lower limb field (XRightEdgeandYBottomEdgefields) specify the right hand edge coordinate X and lower limb coordinate Y that upgrade window.

Pixel counts field (PixelCountfield) (2 byte) specifies the number of pixels in pixel data field below.

Parameter crc field (ParameterCRCfield) (2 byte) comprises the CRC of all bytes from block length to pixel counts.If this CRC check failure, then abandon whole grouping.

Pixel data field (PixelDatafield) comprises the original video information that will be shown, and it is formatted in the mode described by video data format descriptor symbol.As other place discussed, data are once launched one " OK ".

Pixel Data CRC fields (PixelDataCRCfield) (2 byte) only comprises 16 CRC of pixel data.If the CRC authentication failed of this value, then still can use pixel data, but CRC error count increases one.

B. for stream of video packets

Voice-grade channel id field (AudioChannelIDfield) (1 byte) identify client apparatus voice data is sent special audio channel extremely.Physical audio channel in this field be designated or by this field mappings, its value 0,1,2,3,4,5,6 or 7 represent respectively left front, right front, left back, right back, front in, sub-woofer speaker, a left side around and the right side around channel.The single stream of voice-grade channel ID254 representative digit audio sample is sent to left front and right front two channels.This simplify for Speech Communication use the productivity in the application of stereophone, PDA improve application and wherein simple user interfaces produce any application of caution sound.The value of id field changes between 8 to 253, and 255 current newly design needs of waiting until add appointment and use.

Audio Sample Count field (AudioSampleCountfield) (2 byte) specifies the audio sample number in this grouping.

Often sampling and packet bit digital section (BitsPerSampleandPackingfield) comprise 1 byte, specify the compartment format of voice data.Normally used form is the bit number that position 4 to 0 defines the sampling of every pcm audio.Then, whether position 5 designation number audio data samples is grouped.As mentioned above, Figure 12 describe through grouping and byte-aligned audio sample between difference.Each continuous P CM audio sample in value " 0 " the representative digit audio data field of position 5 and interface byte boundary byte-aligned, and be worth " 1 " and represent that each continuous P CM audio sample is packaged relative to last audio sample.This is only effective when the value (bit number of every pcm audio sampling) of definition in position 4 to 0 is not the multiple of eight.Position 7 to 6 is waited until when system expects additional appointment and is used, and is generally set as value zero.

Audio sample rate field (AudioSampleRatefield) (1 byte) specifies audio PCM sample rate.The form used is that value 0 represents the speed that 8000 (sps) per second sample, value 1 represents 16000sps, value 2 represents 24000sps, and value 3 represents 32000sps, and value 4 represents 40000sps, value 5 represents 48000sps, value 6 represents 11025sps, and value 7 represents 22050sps, and value 8 represents 44100, value 9 to 15 is stayed for future use, and therefore they are set as zero now.

Parameter crc field (ParameterCRCfield) (2 byte) comprises 16 CRC of all bytes from block length to audio sample rate.If this CRC normal verification failure, then abandon whole grouping.Digital audio-frequency data field comprises the original audio sampling that will be played, and form is generally the linear format as signless integer.Audio Data CRC fields (2 byte) comprises 16 CRC of only voice data.If this CRC check failure, then still can use voice data, but CRC error count increases one.

C. for user-defined flow point group

The stream ID field (StreamIDNumberfield) of 2 bytes is for representing specific video flowing.The content of stream parameter and stream data field (StreamParametersandStreamDatafields) is defined by MDDI equipment manufacturers.The stream parameter crc field (StreamParameterCRCfield) of 2 bytes comprises 16 CRC to all bytes of Audio Coding byte from block length.If this CRC does not survey by verification, then abandon whole grouping.The flow data crc field (StreamDataCRCfield) of 2 bytes comprises the CRC of only flow data.If this CRC fails normal through verification, then still the use of flow data is optional, and this depends on the requirement of application.Depending on instructions for use buffer stream data before confirmation CRC as well of the flow data of good CRC.If CRC is not by verification, then CRC error count increases one.

D. chromatic graph is divided into groups

Color Map Data size field (ColorMapDataSizefield) (2 byte) specifies the sum of the chromatic graph list item existed in Color Map Data field in this grouping.Byte number in Color Map Data is 3 times of chromatic graph size.Chromatic graph size is set as zero, does not send any Color Map Data.If chromatic graph size is zero, then Color Map Offset value is still issued but is shown device and ignores.Color Map Offset field (ColorMapOffsetfield) (2 byte) specifies the skew from display unit colour chart beginning Color Map Data in this grouping.

The parameter crc field (ParameterCRCfield) of 2 bytes comprises the CRC of all bytes from block length to Audio Coding byte.If this CRC check failure, then abandon whole grouping.

For Color Map Data field, each chromatic graph unit is 3 byte values, and it is worth the first byte and specifies blue size, and the second byte specifies green size, and the 3rd byte specifies red size.Chromatic graph size field specifies the number of the 3 byte chromatic graph list items existed in Color Map Data field.If single chromatic graph can not be applicable to a video data format and chromatic graph grouping (VideoDataFormatandColorMapPacket), then can specify whole chromatic graph by sending the multiple grouping with different Color Map Data and Color Map Offset (ColorMapDataandColorMapOffsets) in each grouping.

The Color Map Data crc field (ColorMapDataCRCfield) of 2 bytes comprises the CRC of only Color Map Data.If this CRC check failure, then still can use Color Map Data, but CEC counts increasing one.

E. Reverse Link Encapsulation is divided into groups

Reverse Link Flags field (ReverseLinkFlagsfield) (1 byte) comprises a group mark position and comes from display request information.If a position (being position 0 here) is set as one, then main frame display performance divides into groups from display request appointed information.If this position is zero, then main frame does not need the information from display.All the other positions (being position 1 to 7 here) are stayed for future use and are set as zero.

Reverse Rate Divisor field (ReverseRateDivisorfield) (1 byte) specifies the MDDI_Stb periodicity occurred about reverse link data clock.Reverse link data clock equals the forward link data clock divided by Reverse Rate Divisor twice.Reverse link data rate is relevant with the interface type on reverse link data link and reverse link.For type i interface, reverse data rate equals reverse link data clock, and for Type II, type-iii and type i V interface, reverse data rate equals twice, four times and the octuple of reverse link data clock respectively.

1 length field (Turn-Around1Lengthfield) (1 byte) is turned to specify total bytes for turning to 1 distribution.Recommend to turn to the length of 1 to be that in main frame, MDDI_Data driver forbids the byte number needed for exporting.This selects based on output forbidding time discussed above, forward link data rate and the forward link interface type that uses.Provide above and turn to 1 setting to describe more completely.

2 length fields (Turn-Around2Lengthfield) (1 byte) are turned to specify total bytes for turning to distribution.Recommend to turn to the length of 2 to be that in display, their output of MDDI_Data driver forbidding adds the byte number needed for round trip delay time.Provide the description turning to 2 settings above.

Parameter crc field (ParameterCRCfield) (2 byte) comprises from block length to 16 CRC of all bits turning to length.If this CRC by verification, does not then abandon whole grouping.

Strobe Alignment fields (StrobeAlignmentfield) (3 byte) comprises a value, makes MDDIStb signal make low to high transformation at last and bit boundary place between first of reverse data grouping field of all-zero word section.Which ensure that MDDI_Stb signal is to work about the consistent mode of byte boundary in reverse data grouping field.

All-zero word section (AllZerofield) (1 byte) is set as and equals zero, and for guaranteeing that MDDI_Data signal is in nought state before the first guard time cycle disabled line driver.

1 field is turned to turn to the cycle for setting up first.The byte number of specifying by turning to length parameter, by this field distribution, was forbidden before enabling the line driver in client computer (display) to allow the MDDI_Data line driver in main frame.Main frame forbids its MDDI_Data line driver during turning to the position 0 of 1, and client computer (display) enables its line driver immediately after turning to last position of 1.MDDI_Stb signal is work in the of complete zero as turning to the cycle.

Reverse data grouping field (ReverseDataPacketsfield) comprises the series of data packets being sent to main frame from client computer.As previously mentioned, filler grouping is sent to fill its complementary space do not used by other packet type.

2 fields are turned to turn to the cycle for setting up second.The byte number of specifying by turning to length parameter is by this field distribution.

Driver again enable field (DriverRe-enablefield) uses null 1 byte to guarantee whole MDDI_Data signal before next block length field of dividing into groups by enable again.

F. display performance is divided into groups

Protocol version field (ProtocolVersionfield) specifies the protocol version used by client computer by 2 bytes.Initial version is set as and equals zero, and the minimal protocol version that minimal protocol version field (MinimumProtocolVersionfield) is carried out the use of given client function by 2 bytes or explained.Display data rate capabilities field (DisplayDataRateCapabilityfield) (2 byte) specifies the maximum data rate that display can receive on the forward link of interface, and specifies with the form of megabits per second number (Mbps).Interface type performance field (InterfaceTypeCapabilityfield) (1 byte) specifies the interface type that forward direction and reverse link are supported.This is current by selecting position 0, position 1 or position 2 to select the Type II on forward link, type-iii or type i V model to represent respectively, and Type II, type-iii or the type i V model on reverse link is selected in selection position 3, position 4 or position 5 respectively; Position 6 and 7 is stand-by and be set as zero.Bitmap width and height field (BitmapWidthandHeightfield) (2 byte) specify width and the height of bitmap with pixel.

Monochromatic performance field (MonochromeCapabilityfield) (1 byte) is for can the resolution bits number of monochrome format display.If display does not use monochrome format, then this value is set as zero.Position 7 to 4 is stayed for future use, is therefore set as zero.Position 3 to 0 defines the maximum number bits of the gray scale that each pixel exists.This four potential energy is enough each pixel designated value 1 to 15.If this value is zero, then display does not support monochrome format.

Chromatic graph performance field (ColormapCapabilityfield) (3 byte) specifies the maximum list item number existed in chromatic graph in display.If display can not use chromatic graph form, then this value is zero.

RGB performance field (RGBCapabilityfield) (2 byte) specifies the bit number of the resolution that can show in an rgb format.If display can not use rgb format, then this value is zero.RGB performance word by three separate form without value of symbol, wherein: position 3 to 0 defines blue maximum number bits, position 7 to 4 defines green maximum number bits, and position 11 to 8 defines maximum number bits red in each pixel.At present, position 15 to 12 is stayed for future use and is generally set as zero.

YCrCb performance field (YCrCbCapabilityfield) (2 byte) specifies can with the bit number of the resolution of YCrCb form display.If display does not use YCrCb form, then this value is zero.YCrCb performance word by three separate form without value of symbol, wherein: position 3 to 0 defines the maximum number bits in Cb sampling, maximum number bits in position 7 to 4 definition Cr sampling, position 11 to 8 defines the maximum number bits in Y sampling, and position 15 to 12 is stayed for future use and is generally set as zero.

Display characteristics Capability Indicators field (DisplayFeatureCapabilityIndicatorsfield) employs 4 bytes, comprises a group mark, the special characteristic just supported in display.The bit representation performance being set to 1 is supported, and the bit representation being set to zero does not support this performance.The value of position 0 represents whether support bitmap Bulk transport grouping (BitmapBlockTransferPacket) (packet type 71).The value of position 1,2 and 3 represents whether support Bitmap Area Fill grouping (packet type 72), Bitmap Pattern Fill grouping (packet type 73) or Communication Link Data Channel grouping (packet type 74) respectively.To represent whether display has ability to make a color transparent for the value of position 4, and the value of position 5 and 6 represents that display whether can respectively with packet format receiving video data or voice data, and the value of position 7 represents whether display can send the reverse link video flowing from camera.Position 11 with 12 value respectively or represent that when client computer communicates with indicating device and can send and receive indicating device packet, or when expression client computer communicates with keyboard and also can send and receive keyboard data and divide into groups.Position 13 to 31 is current stays for future use or that system designer is useful alternative distribution, and is generally set as zero.

Display video frame rate performance field (DisplayVideoFrameRateCapabilityfield) (1 byte) is with the maximum frame of video more new capability of number of pictures per second designated display.The speed more new images that the value that main frame can specify in this field of Selection radio is lower.

Audio Buffer Depth field (AudioBufferDepthfield) (2 byte) specifies the elastic buffer degree of depth in the special display of each audio stream.

Voice-grade channel performance field (AudioChannelCapabilityfield) (2 byte) comprises a group mark, represents which voice-grade channel display (client computer) supports.The bit representation being set to 1 supports this channel, and the bit representation being set to zero does not support this channel.Position, position is assigned to different channels, make a position 0,1,2,3,4,5,6 and 7 represent respectively left front, right front, left back, right back, front in, sub-woofer speaker, left around and the right side around channel.Position 8 to 15 is current to be stayed for future use, and is generally set as zero.

2 audio frequency of byte sample rate performance field (AudioSampleRateCapabilityfield) of forward link comprise a group mark, represent the audio sample rate performance of client apparatus.Position, position is assigned to different rates, thus, position 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7 and 8 is assigned to 8000,16000,24000,32000,40000,48000,11025,22050 and 44100 samplings per second respectively, its meta 9 to 15 is waited until in the future or the use of substitution rate as required, and therefore they are set as " 0 " now.In these one is set to " 1 " and expresses support for specific sample rate, be set to " 0 " expression and do not support this sample rate.

Minimum Sub-frame rate field (MinimumSub-frameRatefield) (2 byte) specifies minimum Sub-frame rate with number of pictures per second.Minimum Sub-frame rate makes display state renewal rate be enough to some transducer in reading displayed device or indicating device.

2 byte Mic Sample Rate performance field (MicSampleRateCapabilityfield) of reverse link comprise a group mark, represent the audio sample rate performance of microphone in client apparatus.For the purpose of MDDI, client apparatus microphone is configured to the speed supporting 8000 samplings at least per second.The position, position of this field is assigned to different rates, thus, position 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7 and 8 is respectively used to represent 8000,16000,24000,32000,40000,48000,11025,22050 and 44100 samplings (SPS) per second, its meta 9 to 15 is waited until in the future or the use of substitution rate, and therefore they are set as " 0 " now.In these one is set to " 1 " and expresses support for specific sample rate, be set to " 0 " expression and do not support this sample rate.If do not connect any microphone, then each microphone samples rate capability position is set as and equals zero.

Content Protection Type field (ContentProtectionTypefield) (2 byte) comprises a group mark, represents the type of the digital content protection supported by display.At present, position, position 1 is for representing when support DTCP, and position, position 1 is for representing when support HDCP, and the use of other desired or available protection scheme is waited until in position, position 2 to 15, and thus they are set as zero at present.

G. for display request and status packet

Reverse Link Request field (ReverseLinkRequestfield) (3 byte) specifies the byte number that display is required in reverse link in next subframe information being sent to main frame.

How many CRC mistake has been there is in CRC error count field (CRCErrorCountfield) (1 byte) expression since media frame starts.CRC counting is reset when sending sub-frame count and being the Sub-frame Header grouping of zero.If the actual quantity of CRC mistake exceeds 255, then this value is saturated at 255 places.

Performance change field (CapabilityChangefield) change of 1 byte representation display performance.If user is connected to the external equipment that such as microphone, keyboard or display are such, or for some other reason, then this can occur.When position [7:0] equals 0, then performance has not changed since the last time sends display performance grouping.But when position [7:0] equals 1 to 255, then performance changes.Display performance grouping is examined to determine new display characteristic.

H. for bit block transmission grouping

Window top-left coordinates X value and Y value field (WindowUpperLeftCoordinateXValueandYValuefield) employ 2 bytes, respectively specify X and the Y value of the top left co-ordinate of the window that will be moved.Window width and height field (WindowWidthandHeightfield) employ 2 bytes, respectively specify width and the height of the window that will be moved.Window X moves and moves field (WindowXMovementandYMovementfield) with Y and employ 2 bytes, and each specifies respectively should by the pixel count of the window of level or vertical movement.X on the occasion of making window move right, negative value makes it be moved to the left, and Y on the occasion of making window move down, and negative value makes it move up.

I. Bitmap Area Fill is divided into groups

Window top-left coordinates X value and Y value field (WindowUpperLeftCoordinateXValueandYvaluefields) employ 2 bytes, respectively specify X and the Y value of the window top left co-ordinate that will be filled.Window width and height field (WindowWidthandHeightfields) (2 byte) specify width and the height of the window that will be filled.Video data format descriptor symbol field (VideoDataFormatDescriptorfield) (2 byte) specifies the form of pixel region Filling power.This form is identical with the form of field same in stream of video packets.Pixel region Filling power field (PixelAreaFillValuefield) (4 byte) comprises the pixel value that will be packed into the window that above-mentioned field is specified.The form of this pixel is specified in video data format descriptor symbol field.

J. Bitmap Pattern Fill is divided into groups

Window top-left coordinates X value and Y value field (WindowUpperLeftCoordinateXValueandYvaluefields) employ 2 bytes, respectively specify X and the Y value of the window top left co-ordinate that will be filled.Window width and height field (WindowWidthandHeightfields) (being respectively 2 bytes) specify width and the height of the window that will be filled.Pattern width and pattern height (PatternWidthandPatternHeightfields) (being respectively 2 bytes) specify width and the height of filling pattern respectively.Video data format descriptor symbol field (VideoDataFormatDescriptorfield) of 2 bytes specifies the form of pixel region Filling power.Figure 11 describes video data format descriptor symbol and how to be encoded.Field format identical is in the stream of video packets also identical.

Parameter crc field (ParameterCRCfield) (2 byte) comprises all bytes from block length to video format descriptor.If this CRC check failure, then abandon whole grouping.Pattern Pixel Data field (PatternPixelDatafield) comprises original video information, specifies the filling pattern of form for the form specified by being accorded with by video data format descriptor.Data are grouped into byte, and the first pixel of each row must byte-aligned.Filling pattern data are sent out a line at every turn.Pattern Pixel Data crc field (PatternPixelDataCRCfield) (2 byte) only comprises the CRC of Pattern Pixel Data.If this CRC check failure, then still use Pattern Pixel Data, but CRC error count should increase one.

K. Communication Link Data Channel grouping

Parameter crc field (ParameterCRCfield) (2 byte) comprises 16 CRC of all bytes from block length to video format descriptor.If this CRC check failure, then abandon whole grouping.

Communicating link data field (CommunicationLinkDatafield) comprises the initial data from communication channel.These data are passed in the calculation element in display simply.

Communicating link data crc field (CommunicationLinkDataCRCfield) (2 byte) only comprises 16 CRC of communicating link data.If this CRC check failure, then still use communicating link data, but CRC error count should increase one.

L. Interface Type Handoff Request is divided into groups

Interface type field (InterfaceTypefield) (1 byte) specifies the new interface type that will use.Value in this field specifies interface type in the following manner.If the value in position 7 equals 0, then Type Handoff Request is used for forward link, if equal 1, then Type Handoff Request is used for reverse link.Position 6 to 3 is stayed for future use, and is generally set as zero.Position 2 to 0 is for defining the interface type that will use, and its intermediate value 1 represents the switching to type i pattern, and value 2 represents the switching to Type II pattern, and value 3 represents the switching to type-iii pattern, and is worth the switching of 4 expressions to type i V model.Value 0 and 5 to 7 waits until the combination of specifying alternating pattern or pattern in the future.

M. for interface type acknowledgment packet

The value of interface type field (InterfaceTypefield) (1 byte) confirms the new interface type that will use.Value in this field is specified interface type in the following manner.If position 7 equals 0, then Type Handoff Request is used for forward link, or if equal 1, then Type Handoff Request is used for reverse link.Position 6 to 3, position is preserved for distributing other interface type as required at present, and is generally set as zero.But position, position 2 to 0 is for defining the interface type that will use, and its intermediate value 0 represents Negative Acknowledgement, or can not perform asked switching, and value 1,2,3 and 4 represents the switching to type i, Type II, type-iii and type i V model respectively.Value 5 to 7 is waited until and is distributed alternating pattern as required in the future.

N. grouping is switched for execution type

The interface type field (InterfaceTypefield) of 1 byte represents the new interface type that will use.Value in this field is first by determining that by the value of position 7 type switches for forward direction or reverse link specified interface type.Value " 0 " represents that type interface requests is used for forward link, and value " 1 " represents that interface requests is used for reverse link.Position 6 to 3 is stayed for future use, and is equally generally set as null value.But position 2 to 0 is for defining the interface type that will use, and its intermediate value 1,2,3 and 4 represents the switching to type i, Type II, type-iii and type i V model respectively.The use of these value 5 to 7 is waited until and is distributed alternating pattern as required in the future.

0. for the enable grouping of forward direction voice-grade channel

The enable mask field of voice-grade channel (AudioChannelEnableMaskfield) (1 byte) comprises a group mark, represents the voice-grade channel that will be enabled in client computer.Be set to the enable corresponding channel in position of 1, and corresponding channel is forbidden in the position being set to zero.Position 0 to 5 allocated channel 0 to 5, respectively in left front, right front, left back, right back, front and sub-woofer speaker channel.Position 6 and 7 is stayed for future use, and is set as zero simultaneously.

P. reverse audio sample rate is divided into groups

Audio sample rate field (AudioSampleRatefield) (1 byte) specifies digitized audio samples rate.The value of this field is assigned to different speed, its intermediate value 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7 and 8 is respectively used to specify 8000,16000,32000,40000,48000,11025,22050 and 44100 samplings (SPS) per second, value 9 to 254 waits until the use of other speed as required, and therefore they are set as " 0 " at present.Value 255 is for forbidding reverse link audio stream.

Sample format field (SampleFormatfield) (1 byte) specifies the form of digitized audio samples.When position [1:0] equals 0, digitized audio samples is linear format, and when they equal 1, digitized audio samples is μ-Lv Geshi, and when they equal 2, digitized audio samples is that A-restrains form.Position [7:2] wait until audio format distribute in alternative use as required, and be generally set as and equal zero.

Q. digital content protection expense is divided into groups

Content protecting grouping field (ContentProtectionTypefield) (1 byte) specifies used digital content protection method.Be worth 0 representative digit transferring content protection (DTCP), and be worth 1 expression HDCP system (HDCP).Value scope 2 to 255 is not specified at present, but waits until the use of alternative protection scheme as required.Content Protection Overhead message field (ContentProtectionOverheadMessagesfield) is variable length, is included in the content protection messages sent between main frame and client computer.

R. for the enable grouping of Transparent color

Transparent color enable field (TransparentcolorEnablefield) (1 byte) specifies Transparent color pattern and when is enabled or forbids.If position 0 equals 0, then forbid Transparent color pattern, if equal 1, then enable Transparent color pattern, and Transparent color is specified by following two parameters.The position 1 to 7 of this byte is stayed for future use and is set as zero.

Video data format descriptor symbol field (VideoDataFormatDescriptorfield) (2 byte) specifies the form of pixel data Filling power.Figure 11 describes video data format descriptor symbol and how to be encoded.This form is general identical with the form of field same in stream of video packets.

Pixel region Filling power field (PixelArealFillValuefield) employs 4 bytes that the pixel value for being received in the window of specifying above distributes.The value of this pixel is specified in video data format descriptor symbol field.

S. grouping is measured for round trip delay time

Strobe Alignment fields (2 byte) comprises a value, makes the bit boundary of MDDI_Stb signal before first of and then this grouping all-zero word section make low to high transformation.This guarantee MDDI_Stb signal any send this grouping in work in the mode consistent with about byte boundary in measuring period.

All-zero word section (AllZerofield) (1 byte) comprises zero to guarantee that all MDDI_Data signals were in nought state before the first guard time cycle disabled line driver.

Guard time 1 field (GuardTime1field) (8 byte) was forbidden before allowing the line driver of the MDDI_Data line driver in main frame in enabler client (display).Main frame forbids its MDDI_Data line driver during the position 0 of guard time 1, display its line driver enable immediately behind last position of guard time 1.

Field measuring period (MeasurementPeriodfield) is the window of 512 bytes, for data rate half place 0xff, 0xff, 0x0 response allowing display used on the forward link.It is 1 that this speed corresponds to reverse link rate divisor.Display returns this response immediately in the beginning of measuring period.This response is received being just in main frame place at the round trip delay time of link after first of main frame place measuring period starts.The front and back that MDDIData line driver in display is replied at 0xff, 0xff, the 0x0 and then from display are disabled.

Value in guard time 2 field (GuardTime2field) (2 byte) is forbidden before allowing the line driver of client computer MDDI_Data line driver in enabled hosts.Guard time 2 always exists, but only just needs when round trip delay time is the maximum that can record within measuring period.Client computer forbids its line driver during the position 0 of guard time 2, its line driver enable behind last position of main frame and then guard time 2.

Driver again enable field (DriverRe-enablefield) (1 byte) is set as and equals zero, to guarantee all MDDI_Data signals before the block length field that next divides into groups by enable again.

XV. conclusion

Although be described above various embodiment of the present invention, but be appreciated that they provide by means of only example, and unrestricted.Therefore, wide in range degree of the present invention and scope should not limited by above-mentioned exemplary embodiment, and only should define according to claims and their equivalent.

Claims

1. one kind for obtaining the state transition method of synchronous state machine in electronic system, this electronic system is for transmitting numerical data with two-forty between the host apparatus on communication path and client apparatus, described numerical data comprise have for synchronous unique word and have frame length field Sub-frame Header grouping, this state machine is configured to have one group of state, comprise the synchronous regime of " async framing " (AsyncFrames), the synchronous regime of two " catching synchronous " (AcquiringSync), and the synchronous regime of three " in synchronous " (In-Sync), the synchronous regime of described two " catching synchronous " comprises " without the synchronous " synchronous regime of (NoSync) and the synchronous regime of " finding a synchronization frame " (FoundOneSyncFrame), and the synchronous regime of described three " in synchronous " comprises the synchronous regime of " two synchronous errors " (TwoSyncErrors), " in the synchronous " synchronous regime of (In-Sync) and the synchronous regime of " synchronous error " (OneSyncErrors), described method comprises:

From the synchronous regime of described " without synchronous ";

To be in any state belonging to described one group of state when described state machine and when finding described unique word and described frame length field has null value, to make described state machine transfer to the synchronous regime of described " async framing ";

When described state machine to be in the synchronous regime of described " without synchronous " and when finding described unique word and described frame length field has the value being greater than zero, make described state machine transfer to from the synchronous regime of described " without synchronous " described in the synchronous regime of " finding a synchronization frame ";

When described state machine to be in the synchronous regime of described " async framing " and when dividing into groups to determine good CRC for described Sub-frame Header and described frame length field value is greater than zero, make described state machine transfer to from the synchronous regime of described " async framing " described in the synchronous regime of " finding a synchronization frame ";

When in any one state that described state machine is in the synchronous regime of described " finding a synchronization frame ", described " two synchronous errors ", described " synchronous error " and described " in synchronous " and when described unique word being detected and determine good CRC for described Sub-frame Header grouping and when described frame length field, there is the value being greater than zero, make described state machine transfer to described in the synchronous regime of " synchronously ";

When not finding described unique word or not determining good CRC for described Sub-frame Header grouping, make described state machine:

The synchronous regime of described " synchronous error " is transferred to from the synchronous regime of described " synchronous ";

The synchronous regime of described " two synchronous errors " is transferred to from the synchronous regime of described " synchronous error ";

The synchronous regime of described " without synchronous " is transferred to from the synchronous regime of described " two synchronous errors "; Or

The synchronous regime of described " without synchronous " is transferred to from the synchronous regime of described " finding a synchronization frame ";

To be in any state belonging to described one group of state when described state machine and when meeting link-down grouping, to make described state machine transfer to the synchronous regime of described " without synchronous ".

2. one kind for obtaining the state transitions equipment of synchronous state machine in electronic system, this electronic system is for transmitting numerical data with two-forty between the host apparatus on communication path and client apparatus, described numerical data comprise have for synchronous unique word and have frame length field Sub-frame Header grouping, this state machine is configured to have one group of state, comprise the synchronous regime of " async framing " (AsyncFrames), the synchronous regime of two " catching synchronous " (AcquiringSync), and the synchronous regime of three " in synchronous " (In-Sync), the synchronous regime of described two " catching synchronous " comprises " without the synchronous " synchronous regime of (NoSync) and the synchronous regime of " finding a synchronization frame " (FoundOneSyncFrame), and the synchronous regime of described three " in synchronous " comprises the synchronous regime of " two synchronous errors " (TwoSyncErrors), " in the synchronous " synchronous regime of (In-Sync) and the synchronous regime of " synchronous error " (OneSyncErrors), described equipment comprises:

For the device the synchronous regime from described " without synchronous ";

For be in when described state machine belong to described one group of state any state in and when finding described unique word and described frame length field has null value, make described state machine transfer to the device of the synchronous regime of described " async framing ";

For be in described " without synchronous " when described state machine synchronous regime in and when finding described unique word and described frame length field has the value being greater than zero, make described state machine transfer to from the synchronous regime of described " without synchronous " described in the device of synchronous regime of " finding a synchronization frame ";

For be in described " async framing " when described state machine synchronous regime in and when dividing into groups to determine good CRC for described Sub-frame Header and described frame length field value is greater than zero, make described state machine transfer to from the synchronous regime of described " async framing " described in the device of synchronous regime of " finding a synchronization frame ";

For to be in when described state machine in any one state in the synchronous regime of described " finding a synchronization frame ", described " two synchronous errors ", described " synchronous error " and described " in synchronous " and when described unique word being detected and determine good CRC for described Sub-frame Header grouping and when described frame length field, there is the value being greater than zero, make described state machine transfer to described in the device of synchronous regime of " synchronously ";

For when not finding described unique word or not determining good CRC for described Sub-frame Header grouping, make described state machine:

The device of the synchronous regime of described " without synchronous " is transferred to from the synchronous regime of described " finding a synchronization frame ";

For be in when described state machine belong to described one group of state any state in and when meeting link-down grouping, make described state machine transfer to the device of the synchronous regime of described " without synchronous ".