CN101025412A - Method for directly determining hydraulic parameters of solid waste for landfill field and its special equipment - Google Patents
Method for directly determining hydraulic parameters of solid waste for landfill field and its special equipment Download PDFInfo
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- CN101025412A CN101025412A CN 200710065131 CN200710065131A CN101025412A CN 101025412 A CN101025412 A CN 101025412A CN 200710065131 CN200710065131 CN 200710065131 CN 200710065131 A CN200710065131 A CN 200710065131A CN 101025412 A CN101025412 A CN 101025412A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a direct measure method of solid waste landfill hydraulic parameters and its specialized equipment. The equipment is a tank that includes the cover with link construction connected and can be split and assembly, the sidewall and base three parts; a porous clay board set up in the upper part of the base inside of the tank, and it is used for install experimental samples Central knife; ventilation hole and pressure monitor device set up on the top cover of the related tank; outlet set up on the base of the related tank. The invention of the equipment to measure the solid waste landfill hydraulic parameters has the simple, rapid, accurate and reliable benefits, as a result the invention supplies a new way for the water move feature study, the foreground applications is wide.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of direct assay method and specialized equipment thereof of hydraulic parameters of solid waste for landfill field.
Background technology
Grasping the factor that influences the rubbish hydraulic performance is that the water transport of research landfill yard moves the basis of rule.Owing to contain the surplus refuse in 50-80% kitchen capable of being fast degraded in the rubbish,, alter a great deal at whole landfill phase penetration property along with the continuous stabilization of refuse.But, still do not have the waterpower osmosis character that effective ways can accurately be measured solid waste for landfill field at present.
The common method of indirect determination hydraulic parameters comprises: moisture is the distributed process method again, horizontal columns method, vertical column water evaporates Process Method and instantaneous profile method.Wherein, preceding two kinds of methods have only particle diameter just are suitable for less than the sample of 1-2mm, are not suitable for obviously that complicated component, particle change greatly, the hydraulic parameters of heterogeneous rubbish is measured; The third and the 4th kind of method need be used the matric potential of tensiometer (or depressimeter) measuring samples, but because rubbish is formed extremely complexity, especially contain more plastic products, and therefore using tensiometer directly to measure matric potential will inevitably produce than large deviation.
Simultaneously, compare with soil, rubbish is formed complicated, structural homogeneity is poor, the organic content height, it is big that aggregate forms probability, and its specific surface area and hole situation and soil exist than big-difference, the hydraulic parameter assay method of soil can not be applied mechanically fully, the assay method that is suitable for the rubbish characteristic must be worked out.
Multistep goes out stream method (Van Dam, J.C., Strickler, J.N.M.and Droogers, P., FromOne-step to Multistep Determination of Soil Hydraulic Functions by OutflowExperiments, Report no.7.Department of Hydrology, Soil Physics andHydraulics, Agricultural University, Wageningen, Netherlands, 1990.; J.Xiang, B.R.Scanlon, W.F.Mullican.A multistep constant head borehole test todetermine field saturated hydraulic conductivity of layered soils[J] .Advancesin Water Resources, 1997,20 (1): 45-57.; Stefan Finsterle, Boris Faybishenko.Inverse modeling of a radial multistep outflow experiment for determiningunsaturated hydraul ic propert ies[J] .Advances in Water Resources, 1999,22 (5): 431-444) be a kind of numerical simulation method of inversion that grows up along with popularizing of computing machine, have rapid and simple, can obtain the advantage of water characteristic curve and infiltration coefficient simultaneously, shortcoming is that follow-up data work of treatment amount is big, the experimental formula that needs prior given description hydraulic parameters, as van Genuchten model (Van Genuchten M T.A closeform equation for predicting the hydraulic conductivity of unsaturatedsoils[J] .Soil Sci.Soc.Of Am J., 1980,44:892-898; O.Ippisch, H.J.Vogel, P.Bastian.Validity limits for the van Genuchten-Mualem model and implicationsfor parameter estimation and numerical simulation[J] .Advances in WaterResources, 2006,29:1780-1789) to the method for the parameter in the formula with non-linear parameter estimation, as the least square difference is that objective function is optimized, the result who obtains is the parameters optimization in the formula, it is not hydraulic parameters itself, and can only obtain approximate optimal solution, even might be locally optimal solution.However, multistep goes out stream method a kind of effective mensuration means of still can yet be regarded as.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of equipment that can be used for directly measuring the rubbish hydraulic parameters.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the present invention by the following technical solutions: a kind of equipment that is used for directly measuring hydraulic parameters of solid waste for landfill field, it comprises by syndeton and connecting, the casing that lid, sidewall and base three parts detachable and assembling are formed; The base upper shelf is provided with a porous potter's clay plate in the inner chamber of casing, and this porous potter's clay plate is provided with the cutting ring that is used to adorn laboratory sample; The top lid of described casing is provided with air hole and pressure monitoring device; Described cabinet base is provided with water delivering orifice.
Described syndeton can be: the relative both sides in described lid, sidewall and base three part sides or the section part of many sides are respectively to extending a plane perpendicular to the direction in the casing outside, described extension plane is provided with screw hole, and adjacent two screw hole positions of extending on the plane are relative, thereby with lid and sidewall, and sidewall and base are connected to form described casing by screw.
Described porous potter's clay plate is that starting material are made with hydrophilic potter's clay, be to be used to the key component of permeating in the said equipment, at first, porous potter's clay board memory is in a large amount of open pores, but must satisfy permeable air-locked requirement under the pressurization situation, because admission pressure and pore radius are inversely proportional to, largest connected pore radius must be less than the pairing pore radius of maximum working pressure (MWP), secondly, described porous potter's clay plate also must have enough compressive resistances, and the pressure that is born when the maximum working pressure (MWP) 100kPa as the thick potter's clay plate of 1cm can be 500-510kg.Described porous potter's clay plate is preferably 1BAR B01M1 standard porous potter's clay plate, porosity 34%, maximum diameter of hole 1.7 μ m, saturation permeability coefficient 7.56 * 10
-7Cms
-1
Described casing cap is provided with air hole, and breather line inserts in the air hole and is communicated with box house, and described breather line is connected with gas cylinder with threeway by stop valve.
For regulating pressure more accurately, also be connected with pressure governor between described air hole and the gas cylinder.
Described pressure monitoring device can be tensimeter etc.
In addition, can connect firmlyer for making described equipment, can bear bigger pressure, the lid and the base of described casing are provided with reinforce belt, and described reinforce belt connects by reinforcing rod.
Available conventional method prepares the above-mentioned equipment that is used for directly measuring the rubbish hydraulic parameters, and its size can arbitrarily be adjusted according to the experiment needs, and in addition, its Material Selection is diversified, as corrosion-resistant metal materials such as organic glass, PVC or steel plates.
Second purpose of the present invention provides a kind of method of directly measuring hydraulic parameters of solid waste for landfill field with the said equipment.
The method of direct mensuration hydraulic parameters of solid waste for landfill field provided by the present invention can may further comprise the steps:
1) porous potter's clay plate is immersed in the container of filled with water, left standstill 24-48 hour, squeeze the air in the potter's clay plate;
2) fetch disturbed sample from refuse landfill, measure the water percentage of rubbish sample;
3) obtain the sample size of needs according to unit dry weight and required sample volume, take by weighing the sample of described weight, in the cutting ring of the said equipment inner chamber of packing into and compacting, then the cutting ring that sample is housed is weighed;
4) that the rubbish sample is carried out capillary is saturated for water;
5) unload the sidewall and the lid of described device, block the water delivering orifice on the described device pedestal, then device pedestal is filled water;
6) use water-wet filter paper, be affixed on described porous potter's clay plate center, to post lurching of filter paper again has sample, bottom to have on the cutting ring of lid in being buckled in, cutting ring and sample placed on the potter's clay plate (hold the cutting ring lid sample, cutting ring and potter's clay slab integral are turned over turnback, cutting ring and sample are on the potter's clay plate), they are placed on the center of the bottom of device of filling water, unload the cutting ring lid;
7) open the inflation in device of elevated pressure nitrogen bottle, the air-tightness of verifying attachment, assurance device are in good sealing state;
8) slow opening pressure regulator reaches container inner pressure and is stabilized in 5.0-8.5kPa, keep 24-96h or go out stream stop after, increase the regulator top hole pressure more gradually, carry out next pressure experiment, during the record outflow concern over time;
9) measure end back closing presure regulator, dry to constant weight after taking out samples weighing, the water percentage of sample behind the calculating dehumidification, when finishing according to theoretical outflow and experiment the average moisture content of sample by after the water percentage in sample during each pressure equilibrium of inverse successively forward, at last, to water percentage and matric potential mapping, obtain the water characteristic curve of solid waste for landfill field.
In the said determination method, step 2) oven drying method of available routine is measured the water percentage of rubbish sample in, is about to sample and puts into 105 ℃ ± 2 ℃ baking ovens and dry to constant weight, records its water percentage.
In the step 4) rubbish sample being carried out the saturated method of capillary can be: cutting ring is covered the porous bottom that is lined with coarse filter paper, put into the water that the bottom is covered with one deck stone, keep the water surface to flush with cutting ring is suitable for reading, soak and weighed every 2 hours after 4-12 hour, till constant weight, required time is 24-36 hour; Water is preferably air free water.
What the diameter of filter paper should be with porous potter's clay plate in the step 6) is big or small consistent.
Available vaseline and fluid sealant sealing gas leakage position in the step 7).
Can under 105 ℃ ± 2 ℃, dry in the step 9) to constant weight; Theoretical outflow can calculate that (computing formula is referring to D.A.Barry with the Michaelis-Menten formula, H.Prommer, C.T.Miller, P.Engesgaard, A.Brun and C.Zheng, Modelling the fate ofoxidisable organic contaminants in groundwater[J] Advances in WaterResources, 2002,25 (8-12): 945-983; Stefano F.Simoni, Anke Sch fer, Hauke Harms and Alexander J.B.Zehnder, Factors affecting mass transferlimited biodegradation in saturated porous media[J] Journal ofContaminant Hydrology, 2001,50: 99-120; Christof Beyer, Sebastian Bauer, Olaf Kolditz.Uncertainty assessment of contaminant plume lengthestimates in heterogeneous aquifers[J] .Journal of ContaminantHydrology, 2006,87:73-95).
The invention provides a kind of direct assay method and specialized equipment thereof of hydraulic parameters of solid waste for landfill field.Device of the present invention is based on the characteristic of the heterogeneous porous medium of rubbish, going out to flow permeability apparatus with multistep is foundational development, its weak point is improved, comprise following aspect: 1) apparatus of the present invention are permeable airtight, can up and down under the constant condition of pressure at both sides difference, guarantee the water effective infiltration at the potter's clay plate; 2) sampling spoon and coating device size match, the water characteristic curve that is suitable for the original state sample is measured, and also can be used for the hydro science characteristic measurement of disturbance sample simultaneously; 3) can utilize pressure gradient to carry out the unsaturation osmotic coefficient investigating of the rubbish under the different water cut rate condition.The hydraulic parameters of measuring solid waste for landfill field with device of the present invention has simple to operate, quick, the result accurately, advantage reliably, thereby for the moisture content transport characteristics of research rubbish heap provides a new approach, have a extensive future.
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment the present invention is described in further details.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is used for directly measuring the structural representation of the equipment of rubbish hydraulic parameters for the present invention
Fig. 2 is the water characteristic curve of solid waste for landfill field
Embodiment
Method therefor is conventional method if no special instructions among the following embodiment.
Embodiment 1, be used for directly measuring hydraulic parameters of solid waste for landfill field equipment acquisition and detect effect and identify
One, is used for directly measuring the acquisition of the equipment of hydraulic parameters of solid waste for landfill field
With the organic glass is material, process as shown in Figure 1 the equipment that is used for directly measuring hydraulic parameters of solid waste for landfill field with conventional method, this equipment comprises by syndeton and connecting, the casing that lid 1, sidewall 2 and base 3 three parts detachable and assembling are formed; The base upper shelf is provided with a porous potter's clay plate 9 (1BARB01M1 standard porous potter's clay plate, porosity 34%, maximum diameter of hole 1.7 μ m, saturation permeability coefficient 7.56 * 10 in the inner chamber of casing
-7Cms
-1), this porous potter's clay plate be provided with the seamless steel cutting ring 11 that is used to adorn laboratory sample (Φ 19.4cm * 15cm); The top lid of described casing is provided with air hole 6 and pressure monitoring device 12 (tensimeter Y-150); Described cabinet base is provided with water delivering orifice 10; Described syndeton for the section part of relative both sides in lid, sidewall and base three part sides or many sides respectively to extending a plane 4 perpendicular to the direction in the casing outside, described extension plane is provided with screw hole, and adjacent two screw hole positions of extending on the plane are relative, thereby can be by screw 5 with lid and sidewall, and sidewall and base be connected to form described casing.
Described breather line 7 inserts in the air hole and is communicated with box house, and described breather line is connected with gas cylinder 15 with threeway by accurate stop valve, is connected with two stage pressure regulator 8 between described air hole and the gas cylinder.
In addition, the lid of described casing and base are provided with reinforce belt (ring flange) 14, and described reinforce belt connects by reinforcing rod 13.
The principle of work of the said equipment is: the opening pressure regulator is to pressurisation of pressure chambers, make the water in the sample form malleation P, this malleation contacts by porous potter's clay plate with free water, water in the sample oozes, the malleation of water is offset by the sample substrate gesture gradually in sample, the porous potter's clay plate both sides flow of water tends to balance, this moment stressed negative value just equal the matric potential of this sample.Further increase malleation P subsequently, and the water that flows out of record curve over time.Water percentage when can inverse going out balance according to the water yield that flows out in the sample is mapped water percentage and pressure P, can obtain the water characteristic curve of test sample.
Two, with the hydraulic parameters of above-mentioned measuring apparatus solid waste for landfill field
With the hydraulic parameters of the measuring apparatus solid waste for landfill field in the step 1, concrete grammar may further comprise the steps:
1) porous potter's clay plate 9 is immersed fills with in the container of air free water, leave standstill 48 hours (24-48 hour all can), squeeze the air in the potter's clay plate;
2) fetch disturbed sample (totally 10 parts, numbering 1-10) from refuse landfill, with conventional oven drying method, be about to sample and put into baking oven and dry to constant weight under 105 ℃ ± 2 ℃, measure the water percentage of rubbish sample, water percentage is about 56.5% as a result;
3) sample size of obtaining needs according to unit dry weight and required sample volume is 2.518Kg, takes by weighing the sample of described weight, in the cutting ring 11 of the said equipment inner chamber of packing into and compacting, then the cutting ring that sample is housed is weighed;
4) it is saturated with air free water the rubbish sample to be carried out capillary, method is: cutting ring is covered the porous bottom that is lined with coarse filter paper, put into the water that the bottom is covered with one deck stone, keep the water surface to flush with cutting ring is suitable for reading, soak and weighed every 2 hours after 4-12 hour, till constant weight, the result soaks 36 hours (24-36 hour all can) altogether;
5) unload the sidewall 2 and the lid 1 of described device, block the water delivering orifice 10 of described bottom of device, then device pedestal is filled water;
6) filter paper of the about 22cm of usefulness water-wet diameter, be affixed on described porous potter's clay plate center, to post lurching of filter paper again has sample, bottom to have on the cutting ring of lid in being buckled in, should note making cutting ring and sample thereof only to contact filter paper, and to prevent that molecule in the rubbish from stopping up the hole in the potter's clay plate, and hold the cutting ring lid sample, cutting ring and potter's clay slab integral are turned over turnback, cutting ring and sample are on the potter's clay plate, they are placed on the bottom of device center of filling water, unload the cutting ring lid;
7) open the inflation in device of elevated pressure nitrogen bottle, the air-tightness of verifying attachment, the position with vaseline and fluid sealant sealing gas leakage is in good sealing state until device;
8) slow opening pressure regulator, container inner pressure is reached and be stabilized in setting value 5.0-8.5kPa, keep 24-96h or go out stream stop after, increase the regulator top hole pressure more gradually, carry out next pressure experiment, write down outflow during this time and concern over time, the result of record (5 groups of experiments) as shown in table 1;
Table 15 group experiment condition complete list
| (kPa) exerts pressure in the permeability apparatus | 1 #、2 #Test each pressure duration (h) | (kPa) exerts pressure in the permeability apparatus | Under each |
(kPa) exerts pressure in the |
5 #、6 #Test each pressure duration (h) |
| 17.8 32.0 37.5 | 34 33.5 3 | 6.8 11.0 16.6 22.4 28.0 33.0 39.5 | 20.25 28.25 20.17 21.83 25.17 33.0 27.5 | 7.4 14.0 17.8 25.0 32.0 | 22.0 53.67 38.42 28 29.5 |
| (kPa) exerts pressure in the permeability apparatus) | 7#, 8# test each pressure duration (h) | ||||
| (kPa) exerts pressure in the |
9#, 10# test each pressure duration (h) | ||||
| 8.2 15.0 20.0 25.4 28.0 33.5 38.6 | 31.92 43.58 49.25 66.75 25.0 33.0 23.0 | ||||
| 5.2 10.8 20.0 37.0 | 96 96 96 153.5 |
9) measure end back closing presure regulator, unclamp screw, unload the device lid, in baking oven, under 105 ℃ ± 2 ℃, dry after taking out samples weighing to constant weight, the water percentage of sample behind the calculating dehumidification, when finishing according to theoretical outflow and experiment the average moisture content of sample by after the water percentage in sample during each pressure equilibrium of inverse successively forward, (computing formula is seen document to theoretical outflow: D.A.Barry with the Michaelis-Menten formula, H.Prommer, C.T.Miller, P.Engesgaard, A.Brun and C.Zheng, Modelling the fate of oxidisableorganic contaminants in groundwater[J] Advances in WaterResources, 2002,25 (8-12): 945-983; Stefano F.Simoni, Anke Sch fer, HaukeHarms and Alexander J.B.Zehnder, Factors affecting mass transfer limitedbiodegradation in saturated porous media[J] Journal of ContaminantHydrology, 2001,50,: 99-120) calculate, at last, according to water percentage and matric potential mapping, obtain the water characteristic curve of solid waste for landfill field, wherein, the water characteristic curve of No. 3 and No. 4 rubbish samples as shown in Figure 2.
Above-mentioned testing result shows that equipment of the present invention can measure the hydraulic property of solid waste (as house refuse etc.) effectively.
Claims (10)
1, a kind of equipment that is used for directly measuring hydraulic parameters of solid waste for landfill field, it comprises by syndeton and connecting, the casing that lid, sidewall and base three parts detachable and assembling are formed; The base upper shelf is provided with a porous potter's clay plate in the inner chamber of casing, and this porous potter's clay plate is provided with the cutting ring that is used to adorn laboratory sample; The top lid of described casing is provided with air hole and pressure monitoring device; Described cabinet base is provided with water delivering orifice.
2, equipment according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described syndeton is: the relative both sides in described lid, sidewall and base three part sides or the section part of many sides are respectively to extending a plane perpendicular to the direction in the casing outside, described extension plane is provided with screw hole, and adjacent two screw hole positions of extending on the plane are relative, thereby with lid and sidewall, and sidewall and base are connected to form described casing by screw.
3, equipment according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described porous potter's clay plate is a 1BAR B01M1 standard porous potter's clay plate, porosity 34%, maximum diameter of hole 1.7 μ m, saturation permeability coefficient 7.56 * 10
-7Cms
-1
4, equipment according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described breather line is connected with gas cylinder with threeway by stop valve.
5, equipment according to claim 4 is characterized in that: be connected with pressure governor between described air hole and the gas cylinder.
6, equipment according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described pressure monitoring device is a tensimeter.
7, equipment according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the lid and the bottom of described casing are provided with reinforce belt, and described lid is connected by reinforcing rod with reinforce belt on the bottom.
8, according to each described equipment of claim 1-7, it is characterized in that: the material of described casing is organic glass, PVC or corrosion-resistant metal.
9, a kind of method with each described measuring apparatus hydraulic parameters of solid waste for landfill field of claim 1-8 may further comprise the steps:
1) porous potter's clay plate is immersed in the container of filled with water, left standstill 24-48 hour;
2) fetch disturbed sample from refuse landfill, measure the water percentage of rubbish sample;
3) obtain the sample size of needs according to unit dry weight and required sample volume, take by weighing the sample of described weight, in the cutting ring of the described equipment inner chamber of packing into and compacting, then the cutting ring that sample is housed is weighed;
4) that the rubbish sample is carried out capillary is saturated for water;
5) unload the sidewall and the lid of described device, block the water delivering orifice on the described device pedestal, then device pedestal is filled water;
6) use water-wet filter paper, be affixed on described porous potter's clay plate center, will post lurching of filter paper again has sample, bottom to have on the cutting ring of lid in being buckled in, and cutting ring and sample are placed on the potter's clay plate, they are placed on the center of the bottom of device of filling water, unload the cutting ring lid;
7) open the inflation in device of elevated pressure nitrogen bottle, the air-tightness of verifying attachment, assurance device are in good sealing state;
8) slow opening pressure regulator reaches container inner pressure and is stabilized in 5.0-8.5kPa, keep 24-96h or go out stream stop after, increase the regulator top hole pressure more gradually, carry out next pressure experiment, during the record outflow concern over time;
9) measure end back closing presure regulator, dry to constant weight after taking out samples weighing, the water percentage of sample behind the calculating dehumidification, when finishing according to theoretical outflow and experiment the average moisture content of sample by after the water percentage in sample during each pressure equilibrium of inverse successively forward, at last, to water percentage and matric potential mapping, obtain the water characteristic curve of solid waste for landfill field.
10, method according to claim 9 is characterized in that: measure the water percentage of rubbish sample described step 2) with conventional oven drying method, method is: sample is put into 105 ℃ ± 2 ℃ baking ovens dry to constant weight, record its water percentage; Step 2) in the rubbish sample being carried out the saturated method of capillary is: cutting ring is covered the porous bottom that is lined with coarse filter paper, put into the water that the bottom is covered with one deck stone, keep the water surface to flush with cutting ring is suitable for reading, soak and weighed every 2 hours after 4-12 hour, till constant weight, required time is 24-36 hour; What the diameter of filter paper should be with hole potter's clay plate in the step 6) is big or small consistent; In the step 7) gas leakage position is sealed with vaseline and fluid sealant; Under 105 ℃ ± 2 ℃, dry in the step 9), with Michaelis-Menten formula theory of computation outflow to constant weight.
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106996909A (en) * | 2017-05-18 | 2017-08-01 | 西安建筑科技大学 | A kind of house refuse osmotic coefficient investigating device |
| CN107509616A (en) * | 2017-08-07 | 2017-12-26 | 扬州大学 | A kind of method to the accurate moisturizing of matrix |
| CN108901659A (en) * | 2018-07-04 | 2018-11-30 | 东南大学 | The structure and its implementation method for preventing contaminated site engineering earthing from cracking using vegetation |
| CN112858074A (en) * | 2020-12-29 | 2021-05-28 | 安徽维东建材股份有限公司 | Integrated concrete unit weight detection device |
| CN114518251A (en) * | 2022-04-21 | 2022-05-20 | 河北舜宏建筑装饰工程有限公司 | Highway engineering detects with sample device that fetches earth |
-
2007
- 2007-04-05 CN CN 200710065131 patent/CN101025412A/en active Pending
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106996909A (en) * | 2017-05-18 | 2017-08-01 | 西安建筑科技大学 | A kind of house refuse osmotic coefficient investigating device |
| CN106996909B (en) * | 2017-05-18 | 2023-05-12 | 西安建筑科技大学 | Domestic waste osmotic coefficient survey device |
| CN107509616A (en) * | 2017-08-07 | 2017-12-26 | 扬州大学 | A kind of method to the accurate moisturizing of matrix |
| CN108901659A (en) * | 2018-07-04 | 2018-11-30 | 东南大学 | The structure and its implementation method for preventing contaminated site engineering earthing from cracking using vegetation |
| CN112858074A (en) * | 2020-12-29 | 2021-05-28 | 安徽维东建材股份有限公司 | Integrated concrete unit weight detection device |
| CN114518251A (en) * | 2022-04-21 | 2022-05-20 | 河北舜宏建筑装饰工程有限公司 | Highway engineering detects with sample device that fetches earth |
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