CN101021666A - Optical A/D converter based on asymmetric Mach-Zehnder modulator - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention is an optical A/D converter based on nonsymmetrical Mach-Zehnder modulator, belonging to the optical A/D converter technical field, characterized in that: it uses nonsymmetrical M-Z modulator to modulate electric signal to synchronous multi-wavelength input pulse, and selects proper length difference of two arms DeltaL and N wavelengths, able to make offset of DC biasing point between every two adjacent wavelengths at the outgoing end bepi/N, and the modulated multi-wavelength optical pulse is divided into N synchronous optical pulses by wavelength division multiplexer, and after determined by photoelectric detector and comparer, it can obtain N digital signal outputs. And the invention can implement very large modulated bandwidth and accurately control the offset of DC biasing point of two adjacent channels, implementing higher-digit A/D conversion and easy to implement.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to information photoelectron technology field, particularly the optical mode number converter.
Background technology
Analog to digital converter (Analog-to-Digital Conversion) is called for short ADC, and it is a kind of device or device that analog signal conversion is become corresponding digital signal.
Digital display circuit is compared with simulation system at aspects such as stability, antijamming capability, processing accuracy, integrated levels has remarkable advantages, and Just because of this, in these years digital technology has obtained development at full speed, and it has been penetrated into each technical field.But most of physical signallings of occurring in nature are all simulated, people are not difficult to expect simulating signal is converted to digital signal earlier, and then handle and process with the signal of digital display circuit after to conversion, just seem more and more important as the numeral and the analog to digital converter of simulation system interface.Yet because the analog to digital converter of electricity is subjected to the influence of factors such as clock accuracy and the speed of device material own to a great extent, the step of digital processing technology is not caught up with in its development.In such as ASs such as ultra-wideband communications, phased-array radars, the analog to digital conversion of electricity more and more becomes the bottleneck of its development.And optical system itself is exactly a ultra broadband, and utilize the laser mode locking technology can access clock jitter (the list of references P.W.Juodawlkis that hangs down two orders of magnitude than existing electric sampling system at present, J.C.Twichell, G.E.Betts, J.J.Hargreaves, R.D.Younger, J.L. Wasserman, F.J.O ' Donnell, K.G.Ray, and R.C.Williamson, " Optically sampled analog-to-digital converters; " IEEE Trans.Microwave Theory and Tech., vol.49, no.10, pp.1840-1853, Oct.2001), therefore, utilize the means of optics to carry out the effective means that analog to digital conversion has just become to solve this bottleneck.
According to sampling and quantization principles different, the optical mode number converter roughly can be divided into following four classes:
1, demultiplexing type light ADC
Such smooth ADC has mainly utilized the ability of light parallel processing, and the light pulse of high repetition frequency is sampled to electric signal, and the mode of passing through time-division or wavelength-division demultiplexing carry out electric weightization respectively with the light pulse demultiplexing then.
2, over-sampling light ADC
Its principle and electric oversampling technique are similar, sample with light pulse, also exist one or more backfeed loop simultaneously.
3, time domain broadening light ADC
The light ADC of the type at first utilizes the light pulse of high repetition frequency that electric signal to be quantified is sampled, and utilizes the pulse envelope after dispersive optical fiber will be sampled to carry out broadening then, utilizes electric ADC to quantize then.
4, Nyquist light ADC
The scheme that Taylor proposed (list of references H.F.Taylor, " An electro-optic analog-to-digital converter; " Proc.IEEE, vol.63, pp.1524-1525, Oct.1975) just belong to this class, the sampling of this type light ADC and quantification all are to carry out in the light territory.
Be not difficult to find out that first three class in fact quantizing process is all carried out in electric territory, light has only played auxiliary effect, and they all can not fundamentally solve the bottleneck problem of electricity, and these schemes implement relatively complicatedly, is not easy miniaturization.Compare, in the analog to digital conversion scheme of Taylor, quantize to carry out in the light territory exactly, and be easy to realize integrated, but this scheme requires than higher the signal voltage that will change on the one hand, so just the electric territory of front is handled having proposed very high requirement, on the other hand, if realize the analog to digital conversion of multidigit, one of every increase, the length of modulator will double, and so not only the manufacturing of modulator is relatively more difficult, and modulation rate also can descend, and limited system bandwidth.Once the someone proposed to adopt the modulator of equal length in the scheme of Taylor, by the double double (referenced patent: Yang Yapei that realizes the adjustment curve cycle of added signal voltage on modulator, Zhang Qianshu, Dai Jizhi, Zhang Xiaoxia, Liu Yongzhi, " a kind of integrated optics M-Z structural module converter ", publication number 1635417), but like this processing of front electric signal is just had higher requirement, simultaneously also limited system bandwidth greatly, and modulator has also been had higher requirement.
2005, Johan Stigwall of Swede and Sheila Galt have proposed a kind of (list of references J.Stigwall and S.Galt of optical mode number conversion scheme based on phase modulation (PM) of the Taylor of being different from scheme, " Interferometric analog-to-digitalconversion scheme; " IEEE Photon.Technol.Lett., vol.17, no.2, pp.468-470, Feb.2005.).This programme has provided a M-Z (Mach-Zehnder) type interferometer, wherein arm adding phase-modulator is realized the modulation of electric signal to be converted to light pulse, the light pulse of a modulated light pulse and an other arm is interfered, and comes electric signal is quantized by the light intensity after interfering at different position sensings.Its basic quantization principle as shown in Figure 1, the direct current biasing point that changes adjustment curve is equivalent to the translation adjustment curve, just can realize quantification by translation adjustment curve reasonably to electric signal, situation shown in Figure 1 is direct current biasing point phase difference of pi/3 between adjacent two curves, as can be seen, if alive peak-to-peak value be the twice (being the full scale value of the type analog to digital converter) of modulator half-wave voltage, after being compared, the light intensity of light pulse and threshold value just can quantize 6 grades so, and the binary code that obtains after the analog to digital conversion also has only one to change between adjacent, has the advantage of Gray code equally.Similarly, if modulation voltage just is a full scale value, and the difference of the direct current biasing between two adjacent adjustment curves is adjusted into π/N, we just can obtain 2N grade so, corresponding to log
2(2N) individual quantization bit.Though 2N be less than that 2 system numbers of N position can represent at most 2
NIndividual grade is wanted simple a lot of but the relative Taylor scheme of this analog to digital conversion scheme implements, and can be realized higher system bandwidth, by the side-play amount of accurate control direct current biasing point, also can realize high switch bit number.
The present invention has designed a kind of novel optical mode number dress parallel operation on the basis of this theory.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of optical mode number converter based on asymmetric mach-Ceng De (Mach-Zehnder is abbreviated as M-Z) type modulator.
The present invention contains asymmetrical M-Z type modulator, Wave decomposing multiplexer, photodetector array and comparator array, it is characterized in that: asymmetric M-Z type modulator input signal is the analog electrical signal that simultaneous multiwavelength light pulse input and to be converted and peak-to-peak value equal this converter full scale value, and output is modulated multi-wavelength pulse output, wherein, the offset pi/N of the direct current biasing point between every adjacent two-way is calculated as follows in the N road light of output:
Wherein: n
O, e(λ
1), n
O, e(λ
2) be respectively and incide this asymmetric M-Z type modulator and wavelength is λ
1, λ
2The refractive indexes of two bundle o light or e light, be given value; Δ L is the arm length difference of two arms of this asymmetrical M-Z type modulator, is setting value;
In the light of N road, the skew of the direct current biasing point between any adjacent two-way light all equates;
The Wave decomposing multiplexer input is the modulated multi-wavelength light pulse output of this asymmetric M-Z type modulator output, and output is that wavelength is λ
1, λ
2..., λ
N-1, λ
NThe parallel light pulse output of N road;
Photodetector is input as the parallel light pulse in N road of Wave decomposing multiplexer output;
The comparer input is the N road level signal of this photodetector, is output as the N way word electric signal of the decision level judgement of setting through this comparer.
Core of the present invention be with asymmetrical M-Z type modulator to multi-wavelength pulse modulate.Designed asymmetric M-Z type modulator is compared with symmetric form modulator commonly used at present, can't increase any difficulty in realization, and electrode just carries out change a little as required, can utilize existing all electrode structures.And the modulation band-width and the half-wave voltage of modulator do not had any influence substantially yet, can realize very high modulation band-width, simultaneously the length difference of two arms can control to ± precision of 0.5 μ m, can make the side-play amount of direct current biasing point precisely controlled like this, can realize the analog to digital conversion of higher figure place.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the basic module transfer principle that the present invention utilizes, the skew of the direct current biasing point of π/3 is arranged between three adjustment curves among the figure, if added electric signal peak-to-peak value is full scale value (twice of modulator half-wave voltage), through just obtaining 6 digital quantification gradations after the judgement.
Fig. 2 is a theory diagram of the present invention.1 is asymmetric M-Z type modulator, and 2 is Wave decomposing multiplexer, and 3 is photodetector array, and 5 is photo-detector, and 4 is comparator array, and 6 is comparer.
Fig. 3 is the structural drawing of M-Z type modulator commonly used.7 is the Mach-Zehnder optical waveguide, and 8 is traveling wave electrode, and 9 is bias electrode, and 10 is electric light LiNbO
3Substrate, 11 is input optical fibre, 12 is output optical fibre.
Fig. 4 is the electrode structural chart of four kinds of M-Z type modulators commonly used.Wherein (a) for Z-cuts asymmetric stripline runs, (b) for Z-cuts co-plane waveguide, (c) for X-cuts asymmetric stripline runs, (d) for X-cuts co-plane waveguide, 13 is electrode.
Fig. 5 is asymmetric M-Z type modulator structure figure, has certain length difference Δ L between symmetric arms among the figure and the asymmetric arm.Wherein 13 is electrode, and 14 is the Mach-Zehnder optical waveguide, and 15 is symmetric arms, and 16 is asymmetric arm.This structure has adopted X-to cut the electrode design of co-plane waveguide.In addition, can also adopt the electrode structure of other types.
Fig. 6 is the relative displacement of direct current biasing point and the relation curve of wavelength, and wherein dotted line is an e light, and solid line is an o light, and the start-stop wavelength is 1520nm and 1580nm.
Embodiment
Block diagram of the present invention as shown in Figure 2, (this electric signal need carry out electric treatment with electric signal to be converted by a kind of asymmetrical M-Z type modulator 1, make peak-to-peak value equal the full scale value of this converter) be modulated in the multi-wavelength pulse, need to prove here need between the pulse of different wave length synchronous in time.Multi-wavelength pulse after modulated is divided into multichannel by the wavelength division multiplexer corresponding with these wavelength 2, every road all has photo-detector 5 to survey the light pulse on this road, the output signal of photo-detector 5 enters comparer 6 and compares with the decision level of setting in advance and obtain binary digital signaling zero or 1, multichannel is combined and has just been obtained the digitally encoded signal output corresponding with simulating signal, thereby has realized analog to digital conversion.
The present invention utilizes asymmetrical M-Z type modulator that the light pulse of different wave length is realized the mobile of adjustment curve direct current biasing point, by accurate design asymmetrical M-Z type modulator with suitably select used a plurality of wavelength can realize the skew of π/N between the adjacent two-way wavelength, thereby can realize the optical mode number conversion.
M-Z type modulator two arms commonly used are symmetrical fully, and shown in Figure 3 is exactly a kind of structural representation of M-Z type modulator.Commercial at present M-Z type modulator has multiple electrode structure, and shown in Figure 4 is four kinds of electrode structures commonly used.
The asymmetric M-Z type modulator that the present invention utilized is meant two arm lengths of modulation and the M-Z type modulator that not exclusively equates.A kind of possible structure as shown in Figure 5, for simplicity, the electrode when not drawing symmetrical structure among the figure.As can be seen from the figure, the length L of symmetric arms 15
1Length L with asymmetric arm 16
2Between have difference DELTA L=L
1-L
2The LiNbO that modulator is used
3Waveguide is satisfied the Sellmeier equation to the refractive index of different wave length:
N in the formula
oAnd n
eRepresent the refractive index of o light and e light respectively, the unit of wavelength X is μ m.
Suppose to have two bundle wavelength to be respectively λ
1And λ
2The light of wavelength incides in the asymmetric M-Z type travelling-wave modulator that two arm lengths differences are Δ L, and the light of these two wavelength is propagated in modulator with o light.When light when exit end is interfered, if there is not microwave signal modulation, λ then
1And λ
2Light two arms between phase differential be respectively:
Difference between these two phase differential is:
Suppose λ
1=1545nm, λ
2=1545.8nm, Δ L=40 μ m, calculating can get
Δ＝0.190594≈π/16
Then when microwave signal is modulated, just be equivalent to λ
1And λ
2The direct current biasing point of adjustment curve between the skew of π/16 is arranged.
Wavelength is that the direct current biasing point of light of λ is with respect to initial wavelength X when Figure 6 shows that Δ L=40 μ m
oThe side-play amount of the direct current biasing point of (being 1520nm among the figure), promptly
Wherein, solid line is represented o light, and dotted line is represented e light.As can be seen from the figure, this side-play amount has the good linearity, helps the selection of wavelength and the design of asymmetric M-Z type modulator.
We can suitably select a plurality of wavelength X
1, λ
2, λ
3..., λ
N, suitably design two arm lengths difference Δ L of asymmetric M-Z type modulator, make:
So just realized that direct current biasing point between the every adjacent two-way of this N road light has the skew of π/N.The light of this N wavelength is divided into λ by demodulation multiplexer
1, λ
2, λ
3..., λ
NThe digital signal b that obtains is separately surveyed and is adjudicated by comparer on this N road, every route exploration device
1, b
2, b
3..., b
N, the digitally encoded signal of input simulating signal correspondence has just been formed in the output of N road like this.
Specific implementation method is as follows:
At first, by calculating suitable wavelengths λ
1, λ
2, λ
3..., λ
NPoor with two arm lengths.Suppose to utilize this invention to realize that an effective bit is 5 analog to digital converters, then N=2
5/ 2=16, illustrating needs 16 wavelength, at first rough calculation can be proper during Δ L=41 μ m wavelength be spaced apart 0.8nm, communicating by letter with DWDM equates that with the wavelength interval selecting initial wavelength for use is DWDM standard wavelength 1520.25nm, then calculating can get:
λ
1＝1520.25nm，λ
2＝1521.03nm，λ
3＝1521.03nm，λ
4＝1521.80nm，
λ
5＝1523.35nm，λ
6＝1524.13nm，λ
7＝1524.91nm，λ
8＝1525.69nm，
λ
9＝1526.47nm，λ
10＝1527.25nm，λ
11＝1528.03nm，λ
12＝1528.82nm，
λ
13＝1529.60nm，λ
14＝1530.39nm，λ
15＝1531.17nm，λ
16＝1531.96nm
It is very good that these wavelength and DWDM communication standard wavelength coincide, and is convenient to the selection of laser instrument.
To treat that by the electric treatment mode peak-to-peak value of analog-to-digital electric signal is adjusted into the twice of asymmetric M-Z modulator half-wave voltage (being full scale value), electric signal after will handling then by this modulators modulate in the multi-wavelength pulse of time synchronized, by the Wave decomposing multiplexer corresponding they are divided into 16 the tunnel then, are followed successively by λ with these wavelength
1, λ
2, λ
3..., λ
16, the signal that photo-detector is detected is input to comparer then, and the decision level of comparer is 1/2 of every road Maximum Output Level, is b by the digital signal that obtains after the comparer
1b
2b
3B
16, be that former electric signal is carried out effective bit is 5 analog to digital conversion result.
Claims (1)
1, based on the optical mode number converter of asymmetric mach-zehnder type modulator, it is characterized in that containing: asymmetrical M-Z type modulator, Wave decomposing multiplexer, photodetector array and comparator array, wherein:
Asymmetric M-Z type modulator input signal is the analog electrical signal that simultaneous multiwavelength light pulse input and to be converted and peak-to-peak value equal this converter full scale value, and output is modulated multi-wavelength pulse output, wherein, the offset pi/N of the direct current biasing point between every adjacent two-way is calculated as follows in the N road light of output:
Wherein: n
O, e(λ
1), n
O, e(λ
2) be respectively and incide this asymmetric M-Z type modulator and wavelength is λ
1, λ
2The refractive indexes of two bundle o light or e light, be given value; Δ L is the arm length difference of two arms of this asymmetrical M-Z type modulator, is setting value;
In the light of N road, the skew of the direct current biasing point between any adjacent two-way light all equates:
The Wave decomposing multiplexer input is the modulated multi-wavelength light pulse output of this asymmetric M-Z type modulator output, and output is that wavelength is λ
1, λ
2..., λ
N-1, λ
NThe parallel light pulse output of N road;
Photodetector is input as the parallel light pulse in N road of Wave decomposing multiplexer output;
The comparer input is the N road level signal of this photodetector, is output as the N way word electric signal of the decision level judgement of setting through this comparer.
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