CN101019614A

CN101019614A - Food self-heating agent

Info

Publication number: CN101019614A
Application number: CNA2007100554765A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 曹学强; 刘嘉喜; 赵顺来; 王越鹏; 耿战辉; 许振华
Original assignee: Institute Of Army Needs And Equipment General Logistics Department Of Chinese Pla; Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry of CAS
Current assignee: Institute Of Army Needs And Equipment General Logistics Department Of Chinese Pla; Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry of CAS
Priority date: 2007-04-02
Filing date: 2007-04-02
Publication date: 2007-08-22

Abstract

The food self-heating agent consists of iron 10-40 wt%, potassium permanganate 20-70 wt%, active carbon 5-30 wt% and salt 5-30 wt%. The food self-heating agent has great heating speed, great heat value, and no H2 and toxic matter produced, and is convenient, reliable and suitable for use in different areas, including cold area and hot area. Under the initiation of small amount of water, the food self-heating agent can heat fast to 90-120 deg.c and last the temperature for over 15 min. The present invention is especially suitable for use afield.

Description

Food self-heating agent

Technical field

The invention belongs to the food self-heating technology.

Background technology

Self-heating food is highly suitable for field work, and is especially significant aspect the open-air diet of the solution individual soldier of army.Local war under Modern High-Tech's condition has motor-driven, characteristics fast, and traditional diet support battlefield mode no longer adapts to the needs of war.Self-heating food can need not any culinary art heating tool under any environmental condition, can be able to eat heat food rapidly, for keep soldier's physical efficiency, enhance troop morale, improve its combat capabilities significant.China is former vast, and the north-south climate and the seasonal temperature difference are big, and regional winter temperature can reach below-30 ℃ in " three Norths ".The part of most critical is a self-heating agent in the self-heating food heater.

Food self-heating agent require toggle speed fast, safe and reliable, use simple, reactant and product is all nontoxic, tasteless, no pyrotechnics etc.The method of heat release is a lot, and can be as food self-heating agent seldom.According to the difference of heating principle, food self-heating agent can be divided into following a few class:

1) quick lime

It is the self-heating agent of primary raw material with quick lime that United States Patent (USP) (US Patent 6.289.889, proprietary term " self-heating flexible package Self-heatingflexible package ", open day September 18 calendar year 2001) discloses a kind of.Quick lime CaO and water reaction generate calcium hydroxide Ca (OH) ₂And emit heat.This self-heating agent is used in a large number, comprises the self-heating of food, wine and beverage, is seen everywhere on the commercial market.Be characterized in that raw material are very cheap, easy to use, burn and wear and phenomenons such as food burns but the unit mass caloric value is too low, consume big water gaging, reaction is wayward too soon, be prone to packing material, and in a humid environment can not long preservation, so be eliminated gradually.

2) acid-base neutralization

United States Patent (USP) discloses a kind of self-heating agent of acid-base neutralization heat release in (US Patent 5.117.809, proprietary term " ready-to-eat food nonflame heater and manufacture process Flameless heater product for ready-to-eat meals and process for makingsame thereof ", open day on June 2nd, 1992).Phosphorus pentoxide P ₂O ₅Suction generates phosphoric acid H ₃PO ₄And sharply heat release, quick lime and water reaction generate calcium hydroxide and also emit big calorimetric.Both are deposited respectively, and water is cooked initator and is mixed respectively.This method has been utilized two kinds of exotherm, promptly absorb water heat release with in and heat release, end product is the calcium phosphate Ca of environmental protection ₃(PO ₄) ₂Precipitation.This self-heating agent not releasing hydrogen gas, quantity of heat production is bigger and moderate.But the phosphorus pentoxide water imbibition is very strong, and product phosphoric acid has very strong corrosivity, so the packaging process complexity of self-heating agent, and in a single day packaging bag is broken and will be produced serious corrosion.

3) magnesium-ferroalloy and active metal

Magnesium Mg and water reaction releasing hydrogen gas and big calorimetric.Magnesium-ferroalloy is the self-heating agent of comparative maturity, uses in a large number in U.S. army and my army of army.Be characterized in that the unit mass thermal discharge is big, heat release evenly, heat release speed-controllable, cheap, environmental protection.Weak point is to need big water gaging to do reaction medium in when heating, produce a large amount of hydrogen, use inconveniently, has hidden peril of explosion, particularly airtight, have naked light and many people to flock together under the situation of hot meal.Under strong alkaline condition, aluminium Al and zinc Zn emit big calorimetric with the water reaction, also produce a large amount of hydrogen in the exothermic process.

Chinese patent (publication number 1284533, proprietary term " flame-less heating chemical material is formed and self-heating tablet ", open day February 21 calendar year 2001) discloses the self-heating agent prescription of a kind of magnesium-ferroalloy and water heat release and the manufacture method of self-heating tablet.This self-heating agent thermal discharge is big, the heat release time is long and even, in light weight.Its shortcoming is to produce in a large amount of hydrogen and the heating process self-heating agent to keep flat and stir, use inconvenience.Other also has United States Patent (USP) (US Patent 5.220.909, proprietary term " single part of food module of self-heating Self-heating individual meal module ", open day on June 22nd, 1993) with the patent that magnesium-the ferroalloy self-heating agent is relevant.

Chinese patent (publication number 1439688A, proprietary term " the flame-less heating chemical material composition reaches from thermic devices ", open day on September 3rd, 2003) discloses a kind of aluminium powder and sodium peroxide Na ₂O ₂Chemical reaction takes place and the self-heating agent and the device thereof of heat release.The characteristics of this self-heating agent are that quantity of heat production greatly, only needs low amounts of water to make initator.Wretched insufficiency be, reaction produces a large amount of hydrogen, has potential safety hazard, and sodium peroxide very unstable, very easily lost efficacy, operating difficulties, packing is in case break the generation heavy corrosion.

Summary of the invention

The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of food self-heating agent.

The composition and the mass percentage content of food self-heating agent are respectively: 10-40% iron, 20-70% potassium permanganate, 5-30% active carbon, 5-30% salt.All raw materials all are pulverous, raw material is mixed by the certain mass ratio can be mixed with self-heating agent.

The heating principle of food self-heating agent is: Fe+KMnO ₄=1/2Fe ₂O ₃+ MnO ₂+ 1/2K ₂The O+824 kJ (kilojoule).By the redox reaction of iron, the system heat release reaches heating purposes, and wherein active carbon and salt can promote reaction speed.

Iron is by the gas of releasing hydrogen gas and other any toxic side effect not in the process of potassium permanganate oxidation, and water plays initiation, so security is fine.Product is nontoxic metal oxide, and the pH value is between 8-9.During use, pour low amounts of water into self-heating agent, self-heating agent began to emit hot vapour under the room temperature within 0.5 minute, emitted hot vapour in-30 ℃ the environment within 1 minute.The heat release speed of self-heating agent and thermal discharge can be controlled by allocating each components in proportions, can continue more than 15 minutes between 90-120 ℃.This self-heating agent electrothermal calefactive rate is fast, caloric value greatly, gas, product safety non-toxic, the packing of hydrogen producing and any toxic side effect are not simple, easy to use, can put arbitrarily in the heating process, not only can but also can thermally distinguish use at cold zone at height.This food self-heating agent be suitable for require quick, motor-driven, can not use under naked light or the airtight condition and use, as airmobile, front operation, frontier defense patrol, hidden tunnel, submarine, field work and mountain-climbing and tourism etc.

Description of drawings: Fig. 1, food self-heating agent exothermic temperature and time relation.

The specific embodiment

Embodiment 1: according to mass percent 10% iron, 30% potassium permanganate, 30% active carbon, 30% salt, material powder is mixed, obtain food self-heating agent.

Embodiment 2: according to mass percent 15% iron, 25% potassium permanganate, 30% active carbon, 30% salt, material powder is mixed, obtain food self-heating agent.

Embodiment 3: according to mass percent 20% iron, 70% potassium permanganate, 5% active carbon, 5% salt, material powder is mixed, obtain food self-heating agent.

Embodiment 4: according to mass percent 25% iron, 60% potassium permanganate, 5% active carbon, 10% salt, material powder is mixed, obtain food self-heating agent.

Embodiment 5: according to mass percent 30% iron, 60% potassium permanganate, 5% active carbon, 5% salt, material powder is mixed, obtain food self-heating agent.

Embodiment 6: according to mass percent 35% iron, 25% potassium permanganate, 25% active carbon, 15% salt, material powder is mixed, obtain food self-heating agent.

Embodiment 7: according to mass percent 40% iron, 20% potassium permanganate, 20% active carbon, 20% salt, material powder is mixed, obtain food self-heating agent.

Claims

1. food self-heating agent, it is pulverous, it is characterized in that, the formation and the mass percentage content of self-heating agent are as follows: 10-40% iron, 20-70% potassium permanganate, 5-30% active carbon, 5-30% salt.

2. food self-heating agent as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, the formation and the mass percentage content of self-heating agent are as follows: 15-35% iron, 30-60% potassium permanganate, 10-20% active carbon, 10-20% salt.

3. food self-heating agent as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, the formation and the mass percentage content of self-heating agent are as follows: 20-30% iron, 50-60% potassium permanganate, 5-10% active carbon, 10-20% salt.

4. food self-heating agent as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, the formation and the mass percentage content of self-heating agent are as follows: 20% iron, 55% potassium permanganate, 15% active carbon, 10% salt.

5. food self-heating agent as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, the formation and the mass percentage content of self-heating agent are as follows: 25% iron, 60% potassium permanganate, 5% active carbon, 10% salt.

6. food self-heating agent as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, the formation and the mass percentage content of self-heating agent are as follows: 30% iron, 60% potassium permanganate, 5% active carbon, 5% salt.

7. food self-heating agent as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, the formation and the mass percentage content of self-heating agent are as follows: 35% iron, 50% potassium permanganate, 5% active carbon, 10% salt.

8. food self-heating agent as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, the formation and the mass percentage content of self-heating agent are as follows: 40% iron, 50% potassium permanganate, 5% active carbon, 5% salt.