CN101009899A - A monitoring method and device based on the air interface of the wireless communication system - Google Patents
A monitoring method and device based on the air interface of the wireless communication system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The related air interface monitor method comprises: a. obtaining wireless signal of the air interface; b. obtaining one or more signal related with UE; and c. extracting business data from user signal. Besides, the relative device comprises: a wireless signal receive unit, and a wireless signal decode-process unit to obtain one or more user signal related with UE and obtain business data from said user signal. This invention supports many trigger methods.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to monitoring technique, particularly a kind of method and apparatus of realizing monitoring through the air interface of wireless communication system.
Background technology
At some in particular cases (for example the anti-terrorism activity and the needs of safeguarding national security), need implement to monitor to the Content of Communication of specific user in network.Monitoring traditionally mainly realizes in core network, therefore needs the support fully of core net switching equipment.Current 3GPP agreement has only defined supports demand, architectural framework and the function monitored to divide in core net, but the details of its interface of concrete regulation not, this makes audiomonitor to develop corresponding interface respectively at the equipment of the core network of different vendor's different editions, has increased development workload.In addition, the equipment of the core network that is not all manufacturers is all supported monitor function, and monitor function might can't be realized in this case.
In addition, because the monitoring of core net depends on user's identity information (for example user's IMSI (IMSI International Mobile Subscriber Identity), IMEI (International Mobile Station Equipment Identification), ISDN (integrated services digital network) number, user LAI (Location Area Identification)+TMSI (Temporary Mobile Subscriber Identity) and RAI (Routing Area Identifier)+P-TMSI (packet TMSI) etc.), so the trigger condition of monitoring in the core net is based on user identity.Yet under many circumstances, the IMSI of intercepted user and IMEI are unknown, need to one roughly the Content of Communication in the geographic range monitor, obviously can not satisfy above-mentioned requirements based on the monitoring technique of core net.
Summary of the invention
An object of the present invention is to provide a kind of method and apparatus of realizing monitoring through air interface.
According to one aspect of the present invention, a kind of method of monitoring through an air interface realization is provided, at least one subscriber equipment inserts a wireless access network through described air interface, comprises following steps:
A. obtain wireless signal through described air interface transmission;
B. from described wireless signal, obtain the subscriber signal that is associated with one or more described subscriber equipmenies; And
C. from described subscriber signal, obtain business datum.
Method of the present invention realizes the monitoring to Content of Communication by the analysis to the signal that transmits between wireless access network and the subscriber equipment.This method can be supported multiple triggering mode, promptly except utilizing such as IMSI, IMEI, ISDN number, LAI+TMSI and RAI+P-TMSI subscriber identity information as the trigger condition, can also follow the object of determine monitoring according to geographical position (as cell i d), the latter is particularly suitable for the application that need monitor Content of Communication in a certain geographic area.
Above-described the inventive method is suitable for various types of business datums, for example comprises the data of conversation type, stream type, type of interaction and background type etc.
According to another aspect of the present invention, a kind of device of monitoring through an air interface realization is provided, at least one subscriber equipment inserts a wireless access network through described air interface, comprises:
A wireless signal receiving element is used to obtain the wireless signal through described air interface transmission; And
A wireless signal codec processing unit is used for obtaining the subscriber signal that is associated with one or more described subscriber equipmenies from described wireless signal, and obtains business datum from described subscriber signal.
In said apparatus of the present invention, preferably, described wireless signal codec processing unit adopts software and radio technique to realize.Adopting software and radio technique is upgrading and the providing great convenience property of maintenance and the flexibility of system.
The reason of mentioning during for describing method in the above, described device provides identical advantage and has solved identical problem.
The accompanying drawing summary
Below by preferred embodiment and accompanying drawing the present invention is done to set forth more fully, wherein:
Fig. 1 is the schematic network structure of a wireless access network in the global system for mobile communications (UMTS);
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram based on the Uu interface protocol structure of 3GPP agreement;
Fig. 3 shows the flow chart according to the method for realize monitoring through air interface of a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 4 shows the schematic block diagram according to the device of realize monitoring through air interface of a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 5 is the schematic block diagram of I/Q data sampling shown in Figure 4 unit;
Fig. 6 is the schematic block diagram of data storage cell shown in Figure 4;
Fig. 7 is the schematic block diagram of codec processing unit shown in Figure 4; And
Fig. 8 is the schematic block diagram of I/Q carrier network characteristic parameter collector unit shown in Figure 4.
Embodiment
Below be example with universal mobile telecommunications system (UMTS) based on the WCDMA technology, preferred embodiment of the present invention is described.But will recognize that after the description below having read that for the system that adopts other wireless transmission scheme (for example cdma2000, TD-CDMA and TD-SCDMA), principle of the present invention is suitable equally.
Fig. 1 is the schematic network structure of a wireless access network (UTRAN) in the universal mobile telecommunications system (UMTS).As shown in Figure 1, this wireless access network comprises radio network controller (RNC) and Node B (Node B) or base station, wherein, radio network controller links to each other with core net by the Iu interface, link to each other by the Iur interface between the radio network controller, a radio network controller then links to each other by Iub interface with one or more Node B or base station.A Node B comprises one or more sub-districts, and the sub-district is the elementary cell of subscriber equipment (UE) wireless access, wherein links to each other by the wave point that is called the Uu interface between subscriber equipment and the wireless access network.
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram based on the Uu interface protocol structure of 3GPP agreement.As shown in Figure 2, the Uu protocol stack of the interface is divided into control plane and user plane two parts, at control plane, is respectively physical layer (PHY), media access control layer (MAC), wireless chain control layer (RLC) and Radio Resource control (RRC) layer from the bottom to top; At user plane, be respectively PHY layer, MAC layer, rlc layer and PDCP (PDCP) layer from the bottom to top and constitute, wherein the PDCP layer only is used for packet switching (PS) territory.The channel that the PHY layer provides is a physical channel, and the channel between MAC layer and the rlc layer is a logic channel, and the channel between MAC layer and the PHY layer is a transmission channel.
In the protocol documents of the 3GPP of standardization body of UMTS (third generation collaborative project), series of canonical such as TS25.2XX and TS25.3XX have been made regulation to above-mentioned interface protocol.Above-mentioned these standards are referenced by reference at this as the part of this specification.
According to the present invention, in the telex network perhaps the monitoring of business datum aloft realize on the interface, with regard to network configuration shown in Figure 1, promptly, realize monitoring to the telex network content by to analyzing and processing through the wireless signal of Uu interface transmission.In the present invention, Content of Communication refers to communication system institute loaded service data, includes but not limited to voice signal, short message and stream medium data etc.In addition, in this manual, unless stated otherwise, described wireless signal refers to the signal through the up and following link physical Channel Transmission of air interface.
Below describe by Fig. 3 and to realize the method monitored through air interface according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
As shown in Figure 3, in step 310, gather wireless signal in real time through an air interface transmission.In the UMTS system, this wireless signal is a complex value stream of chips in the uplink and downlink link physical channel of Uu interface, and it forms after being merged by the stream of chips on I branch road and the Q branch road, below is called I/Q stream of chips or I/Q data again.
Uplink and downlink link DPCH generally all comprises Dedicated Physical Control Channel and Dedicated Physical Data Channel, be used for carrying the physical layer control information and the user data that transmit between each subscriber equipment and the wireless access network respectively, below these control informations and user data be called the subscriber signal that is associated with this subscriber equipment.These subscriber signals all transmit on physical channel with multiplex mode (for example code division multiple access, time division multiple access and frequency division multiple access), and in the UMTS system, they are distinguished by channel code.
In order from the wireless signal of gathering, to extract subscriber signal, need to determine the channel of these subscriber signals of carrying, enter step 320 for this reason, determine to distribute to the parameters such as channel code of each subscriber equipment.These parameters can be provided by telecom operators, also can be by obtaining based on the mode of measuring.For example in a kind of possible mode, the channel code and the wireless signal that are comprised in the channel code tree are carried out related operation, if comprised in the wireless signal and the corresponding subscriber signal of this channel code, then because autocorrelation, to obtain correlation peak signal, can determine a channel code of distributing to subscriber equipment by correlation peak signal thus.For other contained channel code of channel code tree, also carry out same processing, after the whole channel code tree of traversal, can determine that all distribute to the channel code of subscriber equipment in the channel code tree.
Enter step 330 subsequently, from wireless signal, extract the subscriber signal that is associated with subscriber equipment according to determined channel code, it belongs to physical layer in protocol architecture shown in Figure 2, the frame structure parameter has been made regulation in the protocol documents of the above-mentioned 3GPP of standardization body (third generation collaborative project).When comprising a plurality of subscriber signal in the wireless signal, can all extract, also can only extract the subscriber signal on the particular channel, this depends on concrete monitoring strategy.
Then enter step 340, subscriber signal is carried out dissection process to obtain service data unit (SDU).Particularly, signaling data for radio resource control layer in the subscriber signal (RRC) and Non-Access Stratum (NAS), obtain by the protocol stack RRC/RLC/MAC/PHY that resolves control plane, for the user plane data in the subscriber signal, if what monitor is speech business, the protocol stack that then needs to resolve comprises RLC/MAC/PHY, if monitoring is data service, the protocol stack that then needs to resolve becomes PDCP/RLC/MAC/PHY.Through after the dissection process, can obtain the user plane data of service data unit form.
In step 340, the used characteristic parameter of dissection process can be provided by telecom operators, also can obtain by measuring, and its concrete obtain manner depends on actual applicable cases.For example, for the physical layer of a business or the parameter of physical channel, because it generally is a limited set, therefore can adopt the mode of attempting one by one, that is, adopt one group of physical channel parameters that subscriber signal is resolved, can't pass through CRC check if resolve the physical frame data that obtain, then adopt other group physical channel parameters, till the CRC check success.Equally, because the transmission channel and the logical channel parameters of a business also are limited set, also can adopt the mode of attempting one by one, promptly, adopt one group of parameter that the data of transmitting on transmission channel or the logic channel are resolved, if it is inconsistent to resolve MAC layer, rlc layer and the PDCP layer structure and the agreement that obtain, then adopt other group parameter to resolve, till unanimity.
Subsequently, in step 350, determine according to RRC and NAS signaling whether service data unit is encrypted,, then enter step 360, otherwise enter step 370 if encrypt.
In step 360, service data unit is decrypted processing, and enters step 370.The key that decryption processing is required for example can find corresponding key according to the subscriber identity information (for example IMSI) that is comprised in the SECURITY COMMAND message from the authorization data storehouse of operator, calculate decruption key from key K subsequently.
In step 370, unencryption or the service data unit deciphered are carried out dissection process to obtain business datum.For speech business, the application layer protocol of required parsing for example can be based on adaptive multi-rate (AMR) encoding scheme, and for data service, the application layer protocol of required parsing for example can be the IP agreement.
Fig. 4 shows the schematic block diagram according to the device of realize monitoring through air interface of a preferred embodiment of the present invention.As shown in Figure 4, this device comprises wireless signal acquiring unit 410, data storage cell 420, codec processing unit 430 and network characterization parameter collection unit 440, wherein, wireless signal acquiring unit 410 is responsible for the wireless signal that transmits on the UMTS air interface is gathered in real time, data storage cell 420 links to each other with wireless signal acquiring unit 410, be responsible for the i/q signal of real-time collection is carried out data compression and storage, the UMTS air interface I/Q data of storage are carried out decoding processing in 430 pairs of data memory cell 420 of codec processing unit, thereby obtain the business datum of one or more subscriber equipmenies, network characterization parameter collection unit 440 is responsible for collecting the required parameter of codec processing unit 430 decoding processing, the wireless parameter that for example comprises miscellaneous service RAB (RAB) also promptly carries these professional physical channels, the parameter of transmission channel and logic channel.
Fig. 5 is a schematic block diagram that is used for example wireless signal gathering unit 410 of the present invention.As shown in Figure 5, the receiving branch that has a same structure by two of uplink and downlink respectively from the uplink wireless signals (from subscriber equipment) of antenna 501 and downlink wireless signal (from the base station) behind duplexer 502 receives, for each of upstream or downstream receiving branch, it comprises the low noise amplifier 503a or the 503b of serial connection successively, band pass filter 504a or 504b, first order variable attenuator 505a or 505b, first order amplifier 506a or 506b, band pass filter 507a or 507b, frequency mixer 508a or 508b, second level amplifier 509a or 509b, band pass filter 510a or 510b, second level variable attenuator 511a or 511b, third level amplifier 512a or 512b, analog to digital converter 513a or 513b, low- converter 514a or 514b down-conversion and interface unit 515.
The operation principle of wireless signal acquiring shown in Figure 5 unit is below described.The upstream or downstream radiofrequency signal that antenna 501 receives is sent to duplexer 502, correspondingly exports the upstream or downstream receiving branch to through it.Because the uplink and downlink receiving branch has identical structure, below be example only with up branch road, the processing procedure of upward signal in up branch road described.After the signal of duplexer 502 outputs amplified through low noise amplifier 503a, 504a made bandpass filtering treatment by band pass filter, then carried out gain controlling to obtain the signal of fixed gain by first order variable attenuator 505a.Signal through gain controlling is sent to frequency mixer 508a after first order amplifier 506a amplification and band pass filter 507a filtering, mix to down-convert to intermediate-freuqncy signal with local oscillation signal there.Intermediate-freuqncy signal is delivered to analog to digital converter 513a with after gain controlling is carried out in second level amplifier 509a amplification, band pass filter 510a filtering, second level variable attenuator 511a and third level amplifier 512a amplifies.Analog to digital converter 513a is converted to digital medium-frequency signal with this intermediate-freuqncy signal, and to deliver to digital down converter 514a down-converted be the I/Q baseband digital signal.This I/Q baseband digital signal is delivered to data storage cell 420 through interface unit 515.
In above-mentioned wireless signal acquiring unit shown in Figure 5, low-converter 514a (or 514b) feeds back automatic attenuation control signal to variable attenuator 505a (or 505b) and 511a (or 511b), is used to regulate the dynamic range of input signal.In addition, in order to obtain the information of a plurality of sub-districts, analog to digital converter 513a and 513b can adopt the high-speed AD converter of high accuracy (14-16 bit wide).
Fig. 6 is a schematic block diagram that is used for example data memory cell 420 of the present invention.As shown in Figure 6, because the real-time uplink and downlink I/Q baseband digital signal stream of wireless signal acquiring unit 410 outputs has very high data rate, for the ease of the Real Time Compression and the storage of data, this digital signal input interface unit 601 of flowing through is delivered to data buffer storage unit 602 buffer memorys.The data cached of 603 pairs of data buffer units 602 of data compression unit compresses processing, and the data after will compressing export disk storage unit 604 to and store.Disk storage unit 604 is for example according to the request of codec processing unit 430, perhaps through the external command of the input of the interactive device such as keyboard, mouse, exports the data of its storage to data decompression unit 605.Codec processing unit 430 is delivered to through output interface unit 606 after packed data is reduced in data decompression unit 605.
In data storage cell shown in Figure 6 420, data compression unit 603 and data decompression unit 605 are selectable unit, data cachedly also can directly export disk storage unit 604 to from buffer unit 602, then when needs are decoded, directly export the I/Q data decode to through output interface unit 606.In addition, preferably, interface unit 515 and input interface unit 601 adopt gigabit ethernet interface, and disk storage unit 604 adopts has the RAID disk array to satisfy the needs of high-speed high capacity storage.Again, as a kind of preferred data storage scheme, the I/Q data can be stored with the form of disk file in real time, have promptly comprised the I/Q sampled data in a period of time segment in each I/Q data file, simultaneously, also comprise in the file for information about about the I/Q sampled data in this time segment, as writing time, record number, record place, record format etc. are so that the data that codec processing unit 430 retrievals and analysis are stored.
Fig. 7 is a schematic block diagram that is used for exemplary codec processing unit 430 of the present invention.As shown in Figure 7, it comprises main control unit 701, characteristic parameter database 702, physical layer (PHY) processing unit 703, media access control layer (MAC) processing unit 704, wireless chain control layer (RLC) unit 705, packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) processing unit 706, radio resource control layer (RRC)/Non-Access Stratum (NAS) processing unit 707 and user plane application layer processing unit 708, wherein, main control unit 701 respectively with characteristic parameter database 702, PHY processing unit 703, MAC processing unit 704, RLC unit 705, PDCP processing unit 706, RRC/NAS processing unit 707 links to each other, PHY processing unit 703, MAC processing unit 704, RLC processing unit 705, PDCP processing unit 706 and user plane application layer processing unit 708 are connected successively to constitute a decoding processing link, and RRC/NAS processing unit 707 also links to each other with RLC processing unit 705 except with main control unit 701 links to each other.
The operation principle of this codec processing unit 430 is below described.
As shown in Figure 7, I/Q digital signal streams from unit 420 at first is sent to PHY processing unit 703, carry out the physical layer decoding there, decoding processing comprises that channel code is isoparametricly determined, the extraction of subscriber signal and the parsing of physical frame, and concrete mode can be the mode that is adopted in step 320~340 at above-mentioned Fig. 3.Subsequently, the data that PHY processing unit 703 decoding processing obtain (being the data division of physical frame) are sent to MAC processing unit 704, and the process dissection process is to extract the rlc layer data there.The rlc layer data of 705 pairs of MAC processing units of RLC processing unit, 703 outputs are resolved.
At user plane, if the rlc layer Data-carrying is circuit switched domain service, then RLC processing unit 705 is resolved the service data unit that is that obtains, they do not deal with and are sent to user plane application layer processing unit 708 at PDCP processing unit 706 and handle, if carrying is grouping commutative field service, then RLC processing unit 705 is resolved the data that obtain and is resolved to service data unit through PDCP processing unit 706.At control plane, the RRC/NAS layer signaling data of rlc layer Data-carrying is sent to RRC/NAS processing unit 706 and carries out dissection process.When the air interface encryption enabled, RRC/NAS processing unit 706 can be handled the RRC and the NAS message (as the message of broadcast and Radio Link foundation) that do not have to encrypt, and its signaling of obtaining is transferred into main control unit 701 to extract used parameter and the information of decoding processing.
To not enabled safe mode or air interface unencrypted situation, user plane application layer processing unit 708 directly resolved the business datum that can obtain relative users according to application layer protocol (for example adaptive multi-rate speech coding scheme or IP agreement) to the service data unit of rlc layer processing unit 705 and 706 outputs of PDCP processing unit.For enabling the encrypted situation of safe mode or air interface, user plane application layer processing unit 708 at first is decrypted service data unit, carrying out dissection process according to application layer protocol, decipher used encryption code word and for example can obtain then from operator to obtain corresponding user service data.
Above-mentioned codec processing unit can adopt software and radio technique to realize that the hardware platform of running software can be the universal high speed computing platform, also can be the dedicated computing platform.Adopt software and radio technique to provide very big flexibility for system, can increase various functions according to customer demand, as increase monitoring the sub-district number, support following UMTS air interface technologies evolution, increase the class of business monitored etc., even can realize monitoring simultaneously multiple wave point.
Fig. 8 is a schematic block diagram that is used for example networks characteristic parameter collector unit of the present invention.This unit can insert the network that is inserted by the eavesdropping target by the mode identical with common UMTS terminal, thereby obtains the wireless parameter of RAB of the miscellaneous service of this carrier network.As shown in Figure 8, it comprises control unit 801, the functional unit 802 of UMTS subscriber equipment (UE) and characteristic parameter extraction unit 803, wherein, functional unit 802 has UMTS wave point Access Layer protocol function, the function of the UMTS terminal UE that UMTS wave point Non-Access Stratum protocol function and all kinds of bearer service processing capacities of UMTS etc. are complete, different with common UMTS terminal is, functional unit 802 can be according to the control command of control unit 801, set up various UMTS business by inserting by the UMTS network that the eavesdropping target inserted, thereby obtain the signal of all kinds of business of this network.Characteristic parameter extraction unit 803 passes through the analysis to the signal of functional unit 802 acquisitions, determines by the data such as wireless parameter of miscellaneous service in the UMTS network that the eavesdropping target inserted, and exports the main control unit 701 of unit 430 to.
The operation of above-mentioned network characterization parameter collection unit 440 can be independent of wireless signal acquiring unit 410, data storage cell 420 and codec processing unit 430, for example can in advance or regularly analyze and collect the characteristic parameter of the UMTS of operator network, may be for purposes such as the network optimizations and to adapt to operator to the adjustment of wireless parameter etc.In addition, the control unit 801 of unit 440 also has the programming Control interface, by this interface can be as required the setup unit UMTS of 440 pairs of operators network wireless parameter mode and the strategy analyzing and collect neatly.
In the above-described embodiments, data storage cell 420 is a selectable unit, for example when codec processing unit 430 had enough disposal abilities and speed, the data of wireless signal acquiring unit 410 acquisition process can directly export codec processing unit 430 fully to and handle.In addition, these parameters that network characterization parameter collection unit 440 is obtained also can be provided by telecom operators, and this moment, this unit can omit.
Monitor method of the present invention and device also can be applicable to the system based on other wireless interface technology, for example include but not limited to CDMA2000, WiMAX etc.Compare with the air interface monitoring device of the top described UMTS of being used for, only need to change the filter of wireless signal acquiring unit, and adopt the decoding software of respective wireless standard to get final product, other hardware configuration can remain unchanged.
After reading above-mentioned disclosure content, other modification it will be apparent to one skilled in the art that to be conspicuous.This modification may relate in wireless communication system and the component unit thereof well-known features, and these features can replace the feature described here or use in the mode of adding.
The present invention can be by hardware that comprises several separate units and the computer realization that is suitable for programming.In the device class claim that those enumerate out with some devices, several means can be by and the realization of same unit of hardware.Only according to some technical measures mutual such fact of citation in different dependent claims, can not draw the conclusion that the combination that can't utilize these technical measures benefits.
Claims (11)
1. method that realizes monitoring through air interface, at least one subscriber equipment inserts a wireless access network through described air interface, it is characterized in that, comprises following steps:
A. obtain wireless signal through described air interface transmission;
B. from described wireless signal, obtain the subscriber signal that is associated with one or more described subscriber equipmenies; And
C. from described subscriber signal, obtain business datum.
2. the method for claim 1, wherein described air interface adopts the wireless transmission scheme based on the 3GPP agreement, and described step b comprises:
B1. determine the channel code of the uplink and downlink link DPCH of described air interface; And
B2. utilize the channel code of determining among the described step b1 from described wireless signal, to obtain described subscriber signal.
3. method as claimed in claim 2 wherein, in described step b1, is made related operation with each contained in code tree channel code and described wireless signal, and the channel code that will have an autocorrelation is as channel code used among the described step b2.
4. method as claimed in claim 2, wherein, described step c comprises:
C1. determine to resolve the required characteristic parameter of physical layer, media access control layer, wireless chain control layer and application layer of described subscriber signal; And
C2. utilize the characteristic parameter of determining among the described step c1 that described subscriber signal is carried out dissection process to obtain described business datum.
5. method as claimed in claim 4, wherein, in described step c1, utilize a characteristic parameter in the set of characteristic parameters that described subscriber signal is carried out dissection process, and the characteristic parameter that the agreement of dissection process result and described air interface is complementary is defined as characteristic parameter used among the described step c2.
6. method as claimed in claim 2, wherein, described business datum comprises the data of conversation type, stream type, type of interaction and background type.
7. device of realizing monitoring through air interface, at least one subscriber equipment inserts a wireless access network through described air interface, it is characterized in that, comprises:
A wireless signal receiving element is used to obtain the wireless signal through described air interface transmission; And
A wireless signal codec processing unit is used for obtaining the subscriber signal that is associated with one or more described subscriber equipmenies from described wireless signal, and obtains business datum from described subscriber signal.
8. device as claimed in claim 7, wherein, described wireless signal codec processing unit adopts software and radio technique to realize.
9. device as claimed in claim 8, wherein, described air interface adopts the wireless transmission scheme based on the 3GPP agreement.
10. device as claimed in claim 8, wherein, further comprise one with described wireless signal receiving element and the data storage cell that described wireless signal codec processing unit links to each other, be used to store the wireless signal that described wireless signal receiving element obtains.
11. device as claimed in claim 8 wherein, further comprises a network characterization parameter collection unit 440 that links to each other with described wireless signal receiving element, is used for determining that described wireless signal codec processing unit obtains the required parameter of described business datum.
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