CN101008919A - Audio/video data access method and device based on raw device - Google Patents
Audio/video data access method and device based on raw device Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
This invention discloses one audio frequency data memory method based on bare device, which comprises the following steps: aligning magnetic disc space into several blocks and designing each with certain number and storing the blocks into each disc space block for operations in writing or reading data. This invention has property for lossless data to keep data in electricity break.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of digital audio and video and data storage, in particular to an audio and video data access method and device based on bare equipment on an embedded system.
Background
The embedded digital audio and video system is the same as a PC, and a hard disk file system exists. The hard disk file system of the embedded digital audio and video system can be divided into two types, namely a file system which is the same as a PC (personal computer), and a special file system which is specially developed and is suitable for special storage purposes.
At present, there are many types of file systems adopted in embedded digital audio/video systems, such as MS-DOS compatible file systems, UNIX compatible file systems, Windows compatible file systems, and the like.
The FAT file system used by the PC system cannot manage large data packets (data of G to tens of G) generated by long-time audio and video data recording, only sub-packaging is carried out, a section of complete video is divided into a plurality of small file packets, for example, a file is automatically formed in 5 minutes, 10 minutes and 30 minutes, or 150M and 200M are used as a file. Therefore, frame loss between packets is easy to occur, and the hard disk magnetic head needs to read and write data and file index frequently, and the magnetic head jumps frequently, which is very easy to cause hard disk failure. Meanwhile, after the hard disk is fully recorded, the whole file is required to be deleted, but the sizes of new and old files are different, so that a large amount of fragment space is generated on the hard disk, and the use of the hard disk and the system efficiency are influenced. In addition, the file allocation table of the FAT file system is easy to damage, and the loss of the video data is easy to cause.
The special file system can efficiently manage the whole hard disk without being influenced by the size of a video data packet, a video segment is formed from the beginning to the end of video recording, the length of the video segment can be from several seconds to dozens of hours, and the data can be from several K to dozens of T. By adopting the hard disk management mode, the defect of long-time video recording management of the FAT system is overcome. Because the packet video does not exist, the frame loss phenomenon between packets does not exist; the magnetic head does not need to read and write data and file indexes frequently, and the service life of the hard disk is prolonged; after the hard disk is fully recorded, a certain recovery strategy is adopted to carry out space recovery, and no hard disk fragments exist. The local error of the hard disk does not influence other videos. Under the condition of sudden power failure, the image at the moment before the power failure can be stored; the data of the original video data disc is incompatible with the PC, and can not be directly modified on the PC, thereby ensuring the confidentiality and the reliability of the original data.
Dedicated file systems typically access disks directly using independently written programs or operating interfaces provided by the operating system. When accessing, the interface of the direct access disk is called as a bare device, a bare partition or an original partition.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a safe, stable, rapid and simple-operation audio and video data access method.
An audio and video data access method based on bare equipment, a disk space is pre-allocated into a plurality of blocks, and serial numbers are assigned to the blocks; wherein,
the writing process of the data is as follows:
a. generating an index according to the attribute of the data to be written;
b. the data to be written is divided into packets by taking a block as a unit, and an identification mark and a time mark are added to each packet of data;
c. judging whether the current block of the disk space to be written has residual space, if not, allocating a free block or emptying and reusing a used block according to the user requirement;
d. writing data to be written into a block buffer area, performing address conversion on the block buffer area after the block buffer area is full, and writing the data into a corresponding physical disk space;
the data reading process comprises the following steps:
e. calculating the position of the data to be read in the disk space according to the data reading request;
f. judging whether the data to be read exists in the current read cache, if not, retrieving the blocks meeting the conditions according to the index, converting the addresses of the blocks, reading the corresponding physical disk space and writing the physical disk space into the corresponding block buffer area;
g. reading a corresponding data packet in the data cache;
h. and converting the data packet into an audio and video data format, checking the legality of the data packet, and returning the data to a caller.
The blocks comprise reserved blocks and data blocks for function expansion;
the data block comprises a reserved block, an information block for recording information such as a block establishing sequence number, establishing time, use condition and the like, and a data sub-block for storing data and indexes;
the data sub-blocks comprise reserved blocks, audio and video index blocks, index backup blocks and audio and video data blocks, the audio and video index blocks store corresponding key frame indexes of the data blocks, the index backup blocks are used for backing up the audio and video index blocks, the audio and video data blocks store audio and video data frames, and the audio and video data blocks are composed of key frame data blocks and frame data blocks.
The invention also provides an audio and video data access device based on the bare equipment, which comprises:
and the audio and video data operation interface is used for providing an interface for reading and writing the audio and video data.
The index generator is used for generating index information according to the data attribute;
the audio/video data converter is used for carrying out format conversion on the audio/video data and adding an identification mark and a time mark to each packet of data;
the block operation manager is used for carrying out block allocation, partition and recovery on the disk space of the physical disk, block position and disk position conversion calculation and block buffer area maintenance;
the disk manager is used for performing buffer-free direct read-write operation on the designated position of the physical disk;
and the distribution manager is used for providing a function of forcibly stopping or starting the disk and the block when the audio and video data access logic is abnormal.
The audio and video data operation interface, the audio and video data converter, the block operation manager and the disk manager are connected with the physical disk in sequence and in two directions, the two ends of the index generator are connected with the audio and video data operation interface and the block operation manager in a one-way mode, and the distribution manager is connected with the audio and video data operation interface in a one-way mode and connected with the block operation manager and the disk manager in two directions.
When the audio and video data are stored, the audio and video data are segmented by taking the block as a unit, the size of the block is fixed, and the switching block is only the address modification operation, so that operation delay is not generated, and data loss is not caused.
The invention has strong locality during storing and playing back audio and video data, writes the data into the disk in a block form in sequence, can greatly reduce the movement of a magnetic head of the disk, and simultaneously carries out pre-reading cache and delayed writing on the data index, thereby greatly reducing the access to an index area of the disk and effectively prolonging the service life of the disk.
The invention uses a simple two-stage index structure for disk space management, indexes correspond to blocks one by one, all operations of the indexes and the blocks are atomic operations, an inconsistent state does not exist in the operation process, any operation is interrupted, and the storage states are consistent, so that the data safety can be still ensured under the condition of abnormal power failure of a system.
Compared with the traditional FAT file system scheme, the method has the characteristics of no packet data loss and no space fragment, can not cause the loss of the stored data when abnormal power failure occurs, has strong data access locality, and is favorable for prolonging the service life of the hard disk; compared with other special file systems, the method has better space recovery strategy and segmentation strategy, is beneficial to the effective utilization of hard disk space, and simultaneously provides support for T-level large-capacity storage equipment.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic block diagram of the structure of an audio/video data access device according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating a block data structure according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic block diagram of the operation of the audio/video data write process of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic block diagram of the operation of the audio/video data reading process of the present invention.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1, an audio/video data access apparatus based on a bare device includes:
an audio/video data operation interface 110, which is used for providing an interface for reading and writing audio/video data for the embedded digital audio/video system;
an index generator 120 for generating index information according to the data attribute;
an audio/video data converter 160 for performing format conversion on the audio/video data and adding an identification tag and a time tag to each packet of data;
the block operation manager 130 is configured to perform block allocation, partition and recovery on a disk space of the physical disk 150, perform block location and disk location conversion calculation, and maintain a block buffer area;
the disk manager 140 is configured to perform bufferless direct read-write operation on the specified location of the physical disk 150;
the allocation manager 170 is used to provide the function of forcibly stopping or starting the disk and the blocks in addition to the normal audio/video data access logic.
The audio and video data operation interface 110, the audio and video data converter 160, the block operation manager 130 and the disk manager 140 are connected with the physical disk 150 in sequence and in two directions, two ends of the index generator 120 are connected with the audio and video data operation interface 110 and the block operation manager 130 in a one-way mode, and the distribution manager 170 is connected with the audio and video data operation interface 110 in a one-way mode and is connected with the block operation manager 130 and the disk manager 140 in a two-way mode.
The block operation manager 130 pre-allocates the disk space of the physical disk 150 into a plurality of blocks, as shown in fig. 2, each block is composed of a reserved block 210 and a data block 220, and the reserved block 210 is used for function expansion.
The data block 220 is composed of a reserved block, an information block 230 and a data sub-block 240, and the information block 230 is used for recording information such as a block establishment sequence number, establishment time and usage.
The data sub-block 240 is used for storing data and indexes and comprises a reserved block, an audio/video index block 250, an index backup block 260 and an audio/video data block 270, the audio/video index block 250 stores a corresponding key frame index of the data block 270, the index backup block 260 is used for backing up the audio/video index block 250, and the latest data of the audio/video index block 250 can be restored when the audio/video index block 250 fails.
The audio/video data block 270 stores audio/video data, and is composed of a key frame data block 280 and a frame data block 290, and the start block of the audio/video data block 270 is definitely the key frame data block 280.
As shown in fig. 3, when the audio and video data is written into the physical disk 150, the data is input through the audio and video data operation interface 110, the index generator 120 generates index information according to the data attribute, if the data is a video and is the first packet of data of a key frame, an index is generated for the data, and no index is generated for other data. The index is used for retrieving and playing back audio and video data, so that the speed of playback retrieval can be increased.
The audio/video data converter 160 segments audio/video data in units of blocks and adds an identification mark and a time mark to each packet of data, thereby identifying the damaged data when reading.
The block operation manager 130 determines whether there is any remaining space in the current block of the disk space, if not, a free block is allocated or a used block is recovered according to the user requirement, and the block operation manager 130 performs block recovery according to a block recovery policy during block recovery.
The disk manager 140 writes the data into the block buffer, performs address translation after the buffer is full, and writes the data into the corresponding physical disk 150 space.
As shown in fig. 4, when the audio/video data is read from the physical disk 150, the block operation manager 130 calculates the position of the data to be read according to the data read request.
The disk manager 140 determines whether the data exists in the current read cache, if not, the disk manager 140 retrieves a block meeting the conditions according to the index, converts the address of the block, reads the corresponding physical disk 150 space and writes the space into the block buffer, the block operation manager 130 reads the corresponding data in the data cache, the audio/video data converter 160 converts the format of the read data, checks the validity of the read data, and returns the actual data to the caller through the audio/video data operation interface 110.
Claims (3)
1. An audio and video data access method based on bare equipment comprises two processes of data writing and reading, and is characterized in that: allocating a disk space into a plurality of blocks in advance, and assigning allocation serial numbers to the blocks; wherein,
the writing process of the data is as follows:
a. generating an index according to the attribute of the data to be written;
b. the data to be written is divided into packets by taking a block as a unit, and an identification mark and a time mark are added to each packet of data;
c. judging whether the current block of the disk space to be written has residual space, if not, allocating a free block or emptying and reusing a used block according to the user requirement;
d. writing data to be written into a block buffer area, performing address conversion on the block buffer area after the block buffer area is full, and writing the data into a corresponding physical disk space;
the data reading process comprises the following steps:
e. calculating the position of the data to be read in the disk space according to the data reading request;
f. judging whether the data to be read exists in the current read cache, if not, retrieving the blocks meeting the conditions according to the index, converting the addresses of the blocks, reading the corresponding physical disk space and writing the physical disk space into the corresponding block buffer area;
g. reading a corresponding data packet in the data cache;
h. and converting the data packet into an audio and video data format, checking the legality of the data packet, and returning the data to a caller.
2. The bare device based audio-visual data access arrangement according to claim 1, wherein: the blocks comprise reserved blocks (210) and data blocks (220) for function expansion;
the data block (220) comprises a reserved block, an information block (230) for recording information such as a block establishing sequence number, establishing time, use condition and the like, and a data sub-block (240) for storing data and indexes;
the data subblocks (240) comprise a reserved block, an audio and video index block (250), an index backup block (260) and an audio and video data block (270), wherein the audio and video index block (250) is used for storing a corresponding key frame index of the data block (270), the index backup block (260) is used for backing up the audio and video index block (250), and the audio and video data block (270) is used for storing audio and video data frames; the audiovisual data block (270) is composed of a key frame data block (280) and a frame data block (290).
3. An audio and video data access arrangement based on naked equipment which characterized in that includes: the audio and video data operation interface (110) is used for providing an interface for reading and writing the audio and video data; an index generator (120) for generating index information according to the data attributes;
the audio and video data converter (160) is used for carrying out format conversion on the audio and video data and adding an identification mark and a time mark to each packet of data;
the block operation manager (130) is used for carrying out block allocation, partition and recovery on the disk space of the physical disk, and carrying out conversion calculation between block positions and disk positions and block buffer area maintenance;
the disk manager (140) is used for performing buffer-free direct read-write operation on a designated position of the physical disk;
the distribution manager (170) is used for providing a function of forcibly stopping or starting the disk and the blocks when abnormal audio and video data access is performed;
the audio and video data operation interface (110), the audio and video data converter (160), the block operation manager (130) and the disk manager (140) are connected with the physical disk (150) in a sequential and bidirectional mode, the two ends of the index generator (120) are connected with the audio and video data operation interface (110) and the block operation manager (130) in a unidirectional mode, and the distribution manager (170) is connected with the audio and video data operation interface (110) in a unidirectional mode and connected with the block operation manager (130) and the disk manager (140) in a bidirectional mode.
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