Phosphogypsum cementing and post-filling mining method and pulping process thereof
Technical field
The present invention relates to mining methods, also relate to the method that underground goaf charges into charges, specifically, relate to slurry cemented filling method and pulping process thereof.
Background technology
Existing open-stope method mining, owing to the goaf is not effectively handled behind the extracted ore, through exploitation for a long time, can form a large amount of goafs, cause the goaf top plate rock to collapse, the overlying rock sedimentation, destroy, until causing that face of land massif caves in and come down the formation geological disaster, the mine produces dangerous, brings great threat for face of land industrial facility, highway and house; Also can causing ploughs destroys, and takies a large amount of arable land discharge refuses, brings many environmental problems.People have developed some filling mining methods at this persistent ailment of mine open-stope method mining in recent years, for example No. 02109245.1 " mining method by cutting ore breakdown and dry filling artificial ore pillars ", No. 03100050.9 " a kind of filling shrinkage stoping " of Chinese patent, No. 03124720.2 " staged segmentation squeezing mine collapse is followed the filling continuous mining ", No. 200510074429.6 " upward spacing admission passage filling mining methods " etc.These methods all have certain effect to the solution of above-mentioned environmental problem, but have only be applicable to certain ore body, what have can only solve subproblem, the loss that also can cause the association ore body that has.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of phosphogypsum cementing and post-filling mining method and pulping process thereof, not only can overcome the shortcoming of prior art, can also make full use of the phosphogypsum slag of the enormous amount of phosphorous chemical industry generation, protect living environment better.
The particular content of the phosphogypsum cementing and post-filling mining method that the inventor provides comprises:
(1) divide mineral building: with the inclination angle is that 20-90 degree ore body across pitch is divided into the panel nugget that several length are 600-800m, and each panel is divided into several layerings (section), and each layering (section) height is decided to be 8-10m according to the inclination angle; The panel ramp is arranged in the middle part of each panel nugget, after the panel ramp is constructed each layering absolute altitude, pick be arranged in ore body roof interior outside the ore body roof line is arteries and veins about 15m the layering gallery, then by digging the ore body that a mineral building connecting taxiway enters mineral building about every 20m; Each mineral building does not stay fore-set, only lingers on continuous studding or some post;
(2) filling is prepared: after each mineral building back production finished, the construction obturation was isolated barricade at lower leaf mineral building connecting taxiway place, passes barnyard between last lower leaf mineral building connecting taxiway dehydrating tube is installed; Isolate after barricade and dehydrating tube install when obturation, just can carry out filling, promptly charge into filling slurry and spoil to the goaf at higher slice mineral building connecting taxiway;
(3) preparation slurry: the ground Filling Station is prepared into slip with ardealite, flyash, cement and water by certain proportioning and concentration requirement and delivers into gallery by vertical pipe or slip pumping plant through filling pipe, by the binding pipeline in filling pipeline well and the outer layering gallery of arteries and veins, slip is imported mined area again; In the process of filling, for the intensity that improves obturation with to the utilization of spoil, the also spoil that in mined area, produces in the filling manufacturing process with scraper;
(4) back production filling: because the final setting time of filling slurry is 3 months, therefore, the order of back production and filling mineral building is: the first dual numbers/odd number mineral building of walking to make progress carries out back production and filling, treat then even/odd mineral building obturation reach solidify requirement after, again the odd/even mineral building is carried out back production and filling, on the tendency, first back production filling finishes the most next layering, up carries out successively again; In the stowing operation, make full use of the pressure of filling slurry, spoil and slip are stirred, casting resin be flowed, to the both sides, goaf up to being full of the goaf.
The inventor is carrying out reaching a conclusion after a large amount of tests to cemented filling material and proportioning: 1. to be used for the down-hole afterwards filling as the consolidated fill aggregate be feasible to ardealite, and the final intensity of induration can reach 1.3~3MPa, can satisfy production requirement; 2. add flyash in the ardealite consolidated fill compound and can reduce cement consumption, reduce filling cost, also can improve the final intensity of induration simultaneously; 3. for ease of the scraper operation, the suitable proportion of coal ash phosphorus gypsum consolidated fill is: cement: flyash: ardealite=1: 1: 4~1: 1: 10; Slurry mass concentration: 57%~63%; Mode of movement adopts pipeline self to carry or shurry pump is carried; 4. fine coal ardealite consolidated fill slurry has good preparation and waterpower transportation performance, charge into stope after, cement is difficult for segregation, bleeding rate is low, this is very favourable for the afterwards filling mining technology; 5. be further to reduce filling cost, can utilize digging gangue to carry out piece stone consolidated fill, piece stone separates conveying with slip, utilizes the permeability knot stone of slip; 6. ardealite is a kind of retarding agent, and its cemented fill early strength is on the low side, can utilize cement, flyash rock dust compound to build aspect, and proportioning and slurry mass concentration are the same.
According to above-mentioned conclusion, the pulping process that the inventor provides is to serve as the material of filling slip with ardealite, flyash or dolomite and cement, ardealite and flyash are delivered to biaxial rneader by feed bin through belt, cement enters biaxial rneader by cement bin through conveying worm simultaneously, adds water and finally makes filling slurry through brute force activation mixer again; The filling slurry of preparation enters the accurate level of adopting through filling borehole, and layering gallery outside filling pipeline inclined shaft enters the higher slice arteries and veins of filling stope again charges into stope by the higher slice mineral building connecting taxiway of filling stope.
In the above-mentioned technology, when adopting coal ash phosphorus gypsum consolidated fill, the weight proportion of each material is: cement: flyash: ardealite=1: 1: 4~1: 1: 10, slurry concentration are 57%~63%, mode of movement is that pipeline self is carried, and spoil transports with scraper.
In the above-mentioned technology, the material weight proportioning of used aspect consolidated fill is: cement: flyash: rock dust=1: 1: 4, slurry concentration and mode of movement are with last identical.
In the above-mentioned technology, because superfine, the viscosity of ardealite consolidated fill compound particle diameter is big, filling slurry concentration height, stir very difficulty, the complete mixing plant that therefore adopts biaxial rneader and powerful activation mixer to form.Biaxial rneader tentatively stirs casting resin, and compound reaches basic purpose uniformly, stirs the high concentration filling slurry of preparing good fluidity, mixing for next step powerful activation and creates favorable conditions; Powerful activation mixer carries out brute force activation stirring, thereby prepares good fluidity, homogeneous filling slurry that concentration is high.
Ardealite cementing fill technology technology has following characteristics: 1. in the ardealite feeding system, adopt first and break up crushing technology, solved the difficult problem of bulk processing in the ardealite material, make the utilization rate of ardealite bring up to 100% from 90%; 2. adopted the vibration blowing technology of the broken bow member of band, solved the knot doming effect that ardealite and flyash produce greatly owing to viscosity in the blowing process, guarantee ardealite and flyash can be continuously feed equably; 3. adopted twin shaft to stir and powerful activation stirring technique, solved the ardealite cemented filling material superfine, stir a difficult problem such as difficulty, make the filling slurry of preparing be like the lotion state and mix, good fluidity, stope dehydrating amount be few; 4. adopted Computer Control Technology and television monitoring technology, whole system is regulated by computer control, can guarantee that the casting resin proportioning meets the requirement of filling, and alleviate artificial intensity in a large number; 5. ardealite consolidated fill system compares with traditional paste body filling system, advantage such as have that technology is simple, processing ease, capital investment are few, and the capital investment of this system is less than 1/10 of traditional lotion filling system capital investment.
Phosphogypsum cementing and post-filling mining method provided by the invention overcomes the shortcoming of prior art, guarantee arrival at mine full capacity and stable yields, and ore recovery ratio is brought up to about 80% from 65%, and the high-quality phosphate rock resource of China's preciousness is recycled fully, and economic benefit is very remarkable; Protect the environment in mine effectively, solved open-stope method mining and formed geological disaster, mine and produce dangerously, brought the problem of threat for face of land industrial facility, highway and house; Use ardealite as casting resin, can prevent the pollution that ardealite takies a large amount of arable lands and surrounding environment is produced.The present invention is applicable to the mine of adopting open-stope method mining, is particularly useful for phosphorus ore and other non-metal mines exploitation enterprise.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is an ardealite cemented filling material pulping process flow schematic diagram, and wherein, 1 is bulk cement carrier, and 2 is cement bin, and 3 is the pond, and 4 is the water source, and 5 is electromagnetic flowmeter, and 6 is electric control valve, and 7 is 1
#Rubber conveyer, 8 is belted electronic balance, and 9 are the vibration feeding machine, and 10 is the flyash feed bin, and 11 are broken bow member, and 12 is loader, and 13 is flyash stack yard, and 14 is ardealite storage yard, and 15 is the ardealite feed bin, and 16 is 2
#Rubber conveyer, 17 for breaing up crushing engine, and 18 is ardealite 2# intermediate bunker, and 19 is 3
#Rubber conveyer, 20 is the slip funnel, and 21 is powerful activation mixer, and 22 is biaxial rneader, and 23 is the spiral electronic scale, 24 is the duplex tube helix feeding machine; Fig. 2 is the stope structure vertical view; Fig. 3 is the B-B sectional view; Fig. 4 is the C-C sectional view.
The specific embodiment
It is the subordinate mine that mining industry parent company of phosphorylcholine group company is opened in Guizhou with the sand bar ore deposit that embodiment opens phosphorus (group), and it possesses oil in place is more than 5,000 ten thousand tons.The original mining methods in this ore deposit are open-stope method.Miding level height is 50 meters, and height of lift is 10 meters, and stope length is 10~12 meters, stays 4 meters studding between stope and the stope.
Using phosphogypsum cementing and post-filling mining method of the present invention instead, is that the nugget across pitch of 1100m is divided into two panels with strike length, and each panel is divided into 5 layerings, and each layering height that hangs down is 10m.The panel ramp is arranged in the middle part of each nugget, after the panel ramp is constructed each layering absolute altitude, pick be arranged in ore body roof interior outside the ore body roof line is the arteries and veins of 15m the layering gallery, enter each mineral building by a pick mineral building of every 20m connecting taxiway then, each mineral building does not stay fore-set, only stays the continuous studding of 3m or the some post of 4m * 4m.
The stope ore removal finishes, and inserts 3 o'clock flexible reinforced plastic flexible pipes during the filling of layering gallery is responsible for outside the higher slice arteries and veins, then by the through top, goaf of mineral building connection roadway.The filling flexible pipe is fixed on the pallet of the pipe-seam type anchor rod of helping in the tunnel of constructing every 5m with iron wire.Set up filling counterfort at the ore removal route that is close to the stope dead zone.Filling counterfort is constructed by wood stud, plank and wire lath and is formed.Wood stud diameter 200mm, length is decided according to the divider wall antenna height.Plank thickness 30mm stays the spacing about 50mm between plank and the plank.After the divider wall skeleton was built, side was laid with burlap bag within it, and the cement that coagulates with iron nail or belt speed is fastened and obturaged, and ran slurry, spillage when preventing filling.(passing barnyard) installs dehydrating tube between last lower leaf mineral building connecting taxiway; dehydrating tube one end is installed on outside the filling counterfort; the filling dehydrating tube is placed in dish one side in the stope; smash in order not make dehydrating tube be filled with barren rock; dehydrating tube is arranged in the corner; wire rope one side is outer, and protects dehydrating tube with waste wood plate or waste steel plate.Carry out filling afterwards.The ground Filling Station enters 1170 gallerys by the height that hangs down for the vertical pipe of 218m by the slip that certain proportioning and concentration requirement prepare with ardealite, flyash, cement and water, again by the binding pipeline in filling pipeline well and the outer layering gallery of arteries and veins, slip is imported mined area, also use scraper filling dolomite waste residue in mined area.The order of back production and filling mineral building is: walk to make progress first dual numbers or odd number mineral building carry out back production and filling, treat then even number or odd number mineral building obturation reach solidify requirement after, again the odd number mineral building is carried out back production and filling, on the tendency, elder generation's back production filling the most next intact layering is up carried out successively again.The layering gallery is hung the ore body roof driving in the mineral building, and each mineral building Excavation Length is 17m, and layering heading basal area is 14.7m
2, supporting type is anchor pole and wire lath combined supporting.Arrange that two cuttings go up a hill in each mineral building, every cutting center line of going up a hill separates the terminal 3m of layer gallery.Cutting is gone up a hill and is tunneled along ore body roof.The excavated section specification: wide * height=3m * 2.8m, area is 8.4m
2, supporting type is pipe-seam type anchor rod and wire lath combined supporting.
Concrete stope structure parameter is as follows: 1. the slanting angle of ore body is 25~45 °, and 2. miding level height is 50m, and 3. layer height is 10m, 4. nugget length is 500~600m, and 5. mineral building is of a size of wide * oblique length=20m * 20m, and 6. ore pillar is 2 of continuous studdings, one on one side, long is 3m; One on some post is positioned at the mineral building middle part, length * wide=4m * 4m.
Used ardealite consolidated fill system process has five production lines, i.e. ardealite supply line, flyash supply line, cement pipeline, supply line, filling slurry preparation and pipeline thereof.Ardealite consolidated fill system process as shown in Figure 1.
The ardealite supply line: ardealite is transported to Filling Station ardealite storage yard 14 with dump truck and is stored up, and during filling, with loader 12 the ardealite loading is unloaded to 1# intermediate bunker 15, by single-deck vibration feeding machine 9 blowings with broken bow member 11, through 2
#Rubber conveyer 16 is sent into and is broken up mill 17, and the ardealite after the pulverizing falls into 2# intermediate bunker 18, again through single-deck vibration feeding machine 9 blowings with broken bow member 11, then by 3
#Rubber conveyer 19 is sent into biaxial rneader 22.Ardealite siccative feed capacity is 28~60t/h, ardealite wet feed feed capacity is 38~84t/h, ardealite adopts belt scale 8 automatic gauges, and vibrates the adjusting that the frequency of the variable-frequency governor of feeding machine 9 realizes the ardealite feeding coal by regulating single-deck.
Flyash is transported to Filling Station flyash stack yard 13 with dump truck and is stored.During filling, flyash unloads to intermediate bunker 10 with loader 12 material loadings, vibrates feeding machine 9 blowings by the single-deck of the broken bow member 11 of band then, again through 1
#Rubber conveyer 7 is sent into biaxial rneader 22.Flyash siccative feed capacity is 4~13t/h, and flyash wet feed feed capacity is 5~15t/h, and flyash adopts belt scale 8 automatic gauges, and vibrates the adjusting that the frequency of the variable-frequency governor of feeding machine 9 realizes the flyash feeding coal by regulating single-deck.
Cement adopts bulk cement carrier 1 to deliver to Filling Station, is discharged into 100 tons of cement bins 2 automatically through calming the anger.During filling, cement is transported to biaxial rneader 22 again by type duplex tube helix feeding machine 24 blowings after 23 meterings of single-screw electronic scale.The cement feed capacity is 4~13t/h, and the frequency of the variable-frequency governor by regulating duplex tube helix feeding machine 24 realizes the adjusting of cement feeding coal.
Filling Station has pond 3.During filling, the water in the pond 3 is supplied with by water pump 4, measures through electromagnetic flowmeter 5, and realizes the adjusting of confluent by the frequency of regulating water pump 4 variable-frequency governors.The normal water supply flow is 24~36m
3/ h, the maximum discharge of flushing pipe is 90m
3About/h.
Ardealite, flyash, cement, water are according to cement: flyash: ardealite=1: 1: 4~1: 1: 10, slurry concentration is 57%~63% technological requirement, earlier after biaxial rneader tentatively stirs, activate stirring through brute force activation mixer again, the filling slurry that stirs is transported to each filling stope of down-hole by filling pipe through filling borehole and roadway gravity flow.
Biaxial rneader 22 is formed complete mixing plant with powerful activation mixer 21.The important technological parameters of biaxial rneader 22: slurrying capacity 50~80m
3/ h, speed of agitator 46r/min, aggregate size<15mm, power of motor 45kW.The important technological parameters of powerful activation mixer 21: slurrying capacity 50~80m3/h, speed of agitator 980r/min, aggregate size<15mm, power of motor 30kW.
The average stowage capacity of Filling Station reaches 40~42m
3/ h.