CN1006995B - Rotating piston machinery meshed with one side - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention provides an inventive concept which belongs to a rotary machine and can be used for designing and manufacturing compressors and expanders and developing internal combustion engines. The rotary machine is composed of two parallel rotors which are driven by a synchronous gear; both ends of a fan-shaped piston arranged on a driving rotor are closed by circular plates; the fan-shaped piston is arranged in a cylindrical casing, rotates and compresses (or expands) gas in the cylindrical casing, and is engaged with a driven wheel in the casing. Working substances are discharged from exhaust passages at both ends; the other surface of the piston has no need of engagement; the driven wheel does not bear the torque of compressed air. When used as an internal combustion engine, the present invention completes four strokes through two adjacent pistons arranged in reverse directions, and air chambers in which the two pistons are arranged are communicated by an air passage in an intermediate baffle plate.

Description

Rotating piston machinery meshed with one side

The invention belongs to universal rotary formula machinery, can be used for designing, making with gas or gas-liquid mixture is compressor, the decompressor of working medium, also can be used for developing explosive motor.

U.S. Patent number, the 4437818(oil-free rotary compressor, 1984) a kind of novel rotary type machinery is provided, the operating rotor of this machinery has structure and the working principle similar with the present invention, it is characterized in that making intermeshing curved surface between two rotors with the cylinder that epicycloid constitutes, space on the same rotor between two surface of actions is an active chamber, is rolled in this chamber by the projection of another rotor, reaches the purpose of compression and exhaust.But this a kind of type has following shortcoming: (1) is because the air discharging structure design is good inadequately, calm the anger chamber and air outlet flue are all directly linked up between most of on-stream period of machine, and beginning when exhaust like this is that the high pressure air of outside is poured in down a chimney into active chamber and then is stressed out casing again.

Occur the gas refluence so repeatedly and expand, be compressed discharge (being similar to Roots blower work) again, so gas is too big by the ratio of external compression, be difficult to adjust to comparatively ideal interior compression ratio, obviously increased the machine energy consumption, efficient reduces.(2) closed by the surface of action of two rotors and disturb the clearance that constitutes, its length and active wheel equal in length make the machine volumetric efficiency too low so clearance volume proportion for the aspirated volume of active chamber is too big, and increase energy consumption.(3) two wheels have four identical curved surfaces and need be meshing with each other in the running, and sealing can guarantee that just machine reaches normal performance requirement, so these curved surfaces all need higher accuracy of manufacturing, this will obviously improve machine manufacture difficulty and cost.(4) since two rotor derelictions from branch, alternate compression gas all bears the bigger torque of calming the anger, and is difficult to then to realize that active wheel is connected with no key between the axle, so just be difficult to adjust each back lash between two rotors when assembling.Also have two peritrochanterics that active chamber is all arranged, this all needs accurate the manufacturing.

Above shortcoming, make aforementioned patent be difficult to put into practice, competitive ability is not strong, the objective of the invention is to overcome above-mentioned shortcoming, make machine performance and manufacturing process all obtain radical reform, compare with the various machines of same purposes common on the market, show unique characteristics, stronger competitive ability and bigger use value are arranged.

The present invention's design, as shown in Figure 1, 2: two parallel and rotors that rotate in opposite directions, one is a power rotor 15, direct and prime mover links, wherein have three fan-shaped pistons 5, each piston two end is furnished with two notched circular plates 14 and fixedlys connected with piston, rotates together.Another rotor 8 is a driven rotor, and three notched cylindrical wheels are wherein arranged, and these three wheels are just on the power rotor between each piston two ends plectane.When the prime mover driven power rotor, power rotor drives driven rotor by the identical synchromesh gear 10 of two parameters that places two rotor main shafts, 3,4 axle heads and rotates together.Follower radius and outside piston cylinder radius are R, with the sleeve radius of piston one be r, piston length is by decisions such as tolerance, rotating speeds.Two rotor centre distances equal R and r sum.Two rotors rotate in opposite directions with same rotating speed.Meet with follower when overlapping when piston goes to its cylindrical E point, from then on begin with L point on the casing, the straightway of ordering by P on the follower just with piston curved surface EN engagement, until the P point with till the N point overlaps.The straightway of ordering by P in engagement process slides along the EN curved surface, contact points be K(as shown in Figure 7).Crossing the straightway that P orders simultaneously at the uniform velocity rotates around the driven rotor shaft axis again.This straightway is the bus of EN curved surface.The surface of action of EN representative is the cylinder that is parallel to two rotor axis.This cylinder is the cylinder molded lines with intersection perpendicular to the plane of axis.This molded lines is the on-stream track of walking out on piston when relatively moving with piston of P point.Can derive the molded lines equation of EN cylinder according to geometrical relationship and kinematic relation.

The common plenum chambers of forming such as external cylindrical surface by piston engagement cylinder, upper and lower enclosure, piston sleeve, piston two end plectanes, follower 6.The gas that sucks (or gas, liquid mixture) enters the casing air aspiration cavity after filtering, walks around driven rotor and enters the right side induction chamber by the lower housing intermediate groove, along with piston is rotated counterclockwise, constantly is inhaled into air chamber.Plenum chamber is closed when outside piston E point goes to lower housing G point position, so beginning pressurized gas, when then piston forwards a precalculated position to, the air outlet flue that arc notch HMNE on the piston two end plectanes and two sides are fixed in the dividing plate 19 of casing communicates (Fig. 3, Fig. 4), just begins exhaust.Simultaneously gas reach one predetermined within compression ratio (general determine by inlet and outlet pressure earlier in behind the compression ratio, determine position, shape and the size of plectane breach and dividing plate air outlet flue again), piston continues rotation, continue exhaust, when the E of outside piston point arrives upper casing L point, begin with follower on the P point gearing, up to the P point with till N point on the piston overlaps.(this moment, 2 of P, N arrived the J point position on the two rotor center lines simultaneously) exhaust finishes.

The inswept space, another side FI plane of piston in pressurized gas just constantly sucks new gas or gas, liquid mixture.

Position at the beginning pressurized gas is on the lower housing near the G point, having an aperture is spray hole, in the whole air-breathing or process of calming the anger, the hole constantly sprays into liquid such as oil or water thus, so that cooling compressed medium, also seal action is played in each gap around the plenum chamber simultaneously, to reduce gas leakage.

Owing to by the synchromesh gear transmission, just do not have direct drive connection between the two like this between active in this invention structure and the driven rotor,, just do not need to lubricate yet so can not contact fully between corresponding each part.So the liquid that sprays into here is lubricate not.Must solve the anti-corrosion problem of each part surface in the machine during water spray.

Transmission order: earlier by the prime mover driven driving shaft, again by the rotation of driving shaft driven rotary piston, so that compression and suck working medium, meanwhile driving shaft drives driven rotor by synchromesh gear and rotates together.

Its course of action was just in time opposite with the described compression process of previous paragraphs when the present invention design was used to the decompressor of the gas that reclaims power and produce cold or gas, liquid mixture, but generally need not spray into liquid.Suction port is originally made relief opening, and relief opening is made suction port.The general temperature difference is bigger in inflation process, especially make low-temperature expansion, when producing cold, the materials hot deformation that the difference of the low temperature of the normal temperature when must be noted that assembling during with work causes is to the influence in gap.Be used for also should noting this problem when hot environment is used as power recovery.When low temperature, should also be noted that the low temperature intensity of material.Also need consider the cold loss caused by heat inleak of each part in the casing and the external world and the casing in addition, increase heat insulation measures to avoid the too much loss of cold.

(shown in Fig. 9,10) needed with two pistons when the present invention was used to develop explosive motor, one is used to suck air and compressed oil, gas mixture, another is used for burning, exports expansion work and combustion gas when expanding, and finishes four strokes actions jointly for two.Link up by the air flue of intermediate clapboard between two active chambers.Two pistons are connected on the same axis, turn to identical.One in the progressively exhaust of first casing, finishes compression; Second casing of another next door progressively sucks oil gas, begins igniting, burning, expands, and can also enlarge the volume of plenum chamber arbitrarily, enters the firing chamber after a large amount of air are compressed, and can obviously increase the power of motor, and part plays the pressurized machine effect.

The position of the surface of action of two pistons is just in time opposite, and one in face of turning to pressurized gas, carries to turn to the pressure that bears expanding gas externally work done (Fig. 9) for one.Thereby driving whole rotor is rotated counterclockwise.And for example shown in Figure 10, the oil that left side Piston Compression is crossed, gas enter the firing chamber on the right side through the air flue of intermediate clapboard.

The advantage that has of the present invention compared with prior art:

The present invention with have this class machine of epicycloid rotor and compare and have following advantage: can obtain similar to other rotary compressor comparatively fully in compression ratio, and can adjust this ratio on demand and make its power consumption few; Piston has only a curved surface to need accurate forming, reaches engagement and sealing, so easy to manufacture; Follower can adopt no key to be connected with between centers.So can adjust the back lash of itself and piston arbitrarily and make it even; Clearance volume exist only between solid plate of piston two ends and the X template and two plate thickness much smaller than piston thickness, so clearance volume is compared shared ratio with whole active chamber aspirated volume very little, so machine volumetric efficiency height, power consumption is also less.Active chamber only is present in the casing endoporus at power rotor place.

Accompanying drawing and explanation:

Fig. 1, operating principle and structural front view

Fig. 2, general structure plan view

Fig. 3, stationary barrier sectional view

Fig. 4, air outlet flue sectional view

Fig. 5, piston two end plectanes and X template sectional view

Fig. 6, X template sealing plectane breach figure

Fig. 7, clearance volume figure

Fig. 8, X template engagement figure

Fig. 9, combustion in IC engine expand and the exhaust sectional view

Air flue sectional view in the middle of Figure 10, the internal-combustion engine

A, air-breathing b, exhaust c, plenum chamber d, hydrojet e, clearance volume f, separator channels g, firing chamber

Embodiments of the invention are as follows:

One low pressure compressor is as shown: place two rotors that are parallel to each other in the lower housing 1,2 thereon.What wherein directly link to each other with prime mover is power rotor 15, and it drives driven rotors 8 by two synchromesh gears 10 and therewith rotates in opposite directions with same rotating speed.Two rotors, two ends all dispose rolling bearing 7,9,12,16, support its rotation.

Three pistons and tightening nut are housed on the power rotor, and three mutual phase differences of piston are 120 degree.Piston is whole the manufacturing, and is also sliceable.

The cylindrical wheels 6 of three straight-through breach of band are housed on the driven rotor, and the breach wedge angle is the P point, straightway and its parallel axes of ordering by P.On-stream this straightway and piston column and mesh.All the other each lines, face in the breach, on-stream all no longer the needs contacts with piston.Bear radial gas pressure so power rotor faces the periphery of plenum chamber, the piston Surface of action then bears tangential gas pressure, and forms the torque of calming the anger.Along with the piston rotation, plenum chamber dwindles, and air pressure raises, and the power and the moment that are subjected to increase, and whenever circles just pulsation once.Too concentrated for fear of power and torque that prime mover, synchromesh gear and bearing bear, piston and corresponding follower can be divided into several sections onesize (as: 2,3,4 sections) and it is uniformly distributed along the circumference according to actual conditions, torque peak is scatter, come across constantly different, the load balancing of prime mover, bearing and gear is distributed, their working conditions are improved, and the life-span prolongs, and also can reduce the exhaust pressure fluctuation.

Because the piston surface of action is identical vertically, is a cylinder, then do not exist spatially spiral to change.So not only measurement is convenient, manufacturing process is simple, also is convenient to repair during assembling, utilizes this advantage and follower carry-over moment characteristic seldom, follower and between centers can be made no key usually and be connected, and compresses with nut to get final product.Just can adjust the circumferential position of follower during assembling arbitrarily,, reach good air-tightness so that straightway of ordering by P on the follower and piston engagement cylinder EN fit tightly.Even the transmission accuracy of synchromesh gear is weaker, also have no relations, can open shell end cover 11, determine the relative position of two synchromesh gear engagements earlier, perform the marking, make on the driving gear each tooth all forever with driven gear on corresponding definite gear teeth meshing, even accuracy of manufacturing is relatively poor, but the path of action in the rotation once before in each circle rotates, all strictly repeating.Thereby each follower and respective pistons are all undertaken in each transmission by same path of action.Therefore when in case adjust the follower circumferential position itself and piston being fitted tightly, just can guarantee the two on-stream engagement always closely, tightness is good.If because gear-driven accuracy is poor, follower and piston are all contacted in whole engagement process evenly all the time, engagement closely then can further be repaiied and scrape piston engagement cylinder and reach this requirement, makes that the two all has good air-tightness everywhere in the whole engagement process.Follower and piston are carried out single the cooperation, and cancellation interchangeability because the two can further not wear and tear, is not easily damaged parts, need not change, so can singly join.

Illustrate by above measure: because follower is that no key connection and piston Surface of action are cylinders, this two big advantage just allows two synchromesh gear required precisions in this mechanism not high, can realize that in the same old way follower and piston contact evenly all the time, the engagement tightness is good, again because the moment root of synchromesh gear transmission is little, so then can not adopt general carbon steel to its requirement of strength is high, make two synchromesh gears by general precision.

Follower can adopt general cast iron or carbon steel manufacturing, and piston also can adopt cast iron, magnesium iron or carbon steel manufacturing under the low pressure operating mode.

Adopt conventional seals device 17 just can reach sealing purpose between overhanging section of driving shaft that connects with prime mover and the casing.

Owing to be not subjected to end thrust, make the force-bearing situation of each bearing simple, design bearing, selection have also made things convenient for.

Air-breathing and the exhaust passage of this machine:

Breathing process order is as follows: air aspiration cavity (5) is walked around induction chamber behind driven rotor (6) lower housing intermediate groove (7) piston in (1) pneumatic filter (2) air intake control valve (3) upper casing suction port (4) machine.

Exhaust passage: when piston two end plectane exhaust breach forward precalculated position (can guarantee required inner pressure ratio) to and air outlet flue on the upper casing dividing plate 19 communicates, promptly begin exhaust, forward horizontal position to until piston, till when contact points K moves to the N point, the plectane breach communicates shown in Fig. 4,6,7 with air outlet flue on the dividing plate always.In the meantime, exhaust process is all being carried out always, overlaps with N up to K, and plenum chamber is contracted to zero, and exhaust finishes.The gas of discharging enters pipe network behind the machine that enters together after the upper casing exhaust chamber gathers by each air outlet flue.Seal discharge gas with O RunddichtringO 20 between dividing plate air outlet flue and the upper casing and make its unlikely letting out.

The sealing configuration and the clearance volume of piston two end plectane breach in the running of this machine:

Shown in Fig. 5,6,7, in the running when the engagement of piston and follower, because follower is between the piston two end plectanes, so can not seal exhaust breach on the plectane.Therefore compressed medium will flow into air aspiration cavity by breach through follower two side spaces, the on-stream sealing plectane breach of must taking measures, the theory of engagement according to follower and piston, design a kind of X template 21, its exradius is R, interior circle radius is r, and two side profiles are all identical with engagement cylinder EN on the piston.The X plate thickness equates with the thickness of plectane 14, shown in Fig. 6,7,8.Angle equates with angle within the plectane breach two side profiles outside the X plate two side faces, is θ.Plectane breach two side profile MH are the cylinder identical with the piston surface of action with EN.Plectane breach wedge angle Q point and X plate below cylinder engagement (as Fig. 6) before this in the running, line of contact constitutes potted line.X plate top cylinder overlaps with follower engagement cylinder, and its cylindrical wedge angle overlaps with the P point, and plectane breach top-surface camber just in time overlaps with piston engagement cylinder EN.Follower two side X plates also mesh with piston two end plectane breach when follower and piston engagement like this, thereby the gas in the plectane breach is completely enclosed within all the time in the plenum chamber and must not outwards flows out; Meanwhile X plate and the plectane outside is a stationary barrier, the adjustable gaps to tens between them micron and reach enough tightness.

The lower surface camber of plectane breach also goes to this position simultaneously when X plate lower surface camber goes to two rotor center link position, the two closes up a formation enclosed space (as shown in Figure 7), and the gas that was compressed in this space can not enter two side air outlet flues by breach again.Along with further rotation, this space is air aspiration cavity opening (as shown in Figure 8) to the left just, and this part gas all enters air aspiration cavity, is inhaled into plenum chamber more again, again compression.This part gas has just become clearance gas.Above-mentioned space by upper and lower two curved surfaces sealing has just become clearance volume, the specific design parameter of this volume random device is different and change, it is estimated quilt in this clearance volume calm the anger body when being expanded to suction condition more shared spatial volume generally account for a few percent of whole aspirated volume.

As shown in Figure 8, owing to do not need to seal, so the following cylinders of engagement cylinder of follower (comprising the cylinder that the X plate overlaps with it) and plectane breach etc. just do not need to do very accurately, as long as do more recessedly than standard profile, guarantee not come in contact in the running, scratch is just passable, so just can obviously reduce the accuracy of manufacturing of these cylinders.

The formation characteristics and the adjustment in each gap of this machine:

Exist the gap between each part of mutual rotation round plenum chamber and air outlet flue.To determine between each part of running whether grazing, bite and the size of quantity of gas leakage the control of these gap lengths, be i.e. the plenum chamber volumetric efficiency.

Because power rotor and driven rotor come transmission by synchromesh gear, so there is not the problem of power transmission-be on-stream can the contact fully between the two all part, also can there be the gap in the engagement process that comprises piston and follower at contact points K place.The part (not comprising gear, bearing) that so just makes all runnings is not because of there is mutual fretting wear in not power transmission, thereby each gap can not enlarge yet, and does not need to lubricate yet.This point will make this machine more superior than other rotary machine.

Gap round the pressure chamber has: some J place on (1) the two rotor axis line, and between the two rotor external cylindrical surfaces.(2) between outside piston cylinder and the casing endoporus cylndrical surface.(3) between outer side plane of piston two end plectanes and stationary barrier two side planes.(4) between piston two end plectane external cylindrical surfaces and the casing endoporus cylndrical surface.(5) between piston and follower when engagement contact points K place two parts (comprising X plate and the corresponding contact points of plectane breach gap).(6) mesh between the cylinder angle Q point and X template below under the plectane breach.(7) between a bit of cylndrical surface of follower external cylindrical surface and endoporus upper right, the casing left side.(8) between follower two side planes and the piston two end plectane inner side plane.(9) between outer side plane of X template and the stationary barrier.(10) between X template external cylindrical surface and the plectane breach inner cylindrical surface.

In above-mentioned 10 gaps, 2 gaps that belong between line and the face such as (5) (6), (6), (10) binomial are all very short.(5) item only is present in a few minutes one scope of a circle, and does not exist simultaneously with (2).In the binomial of (5) (6), the part with wedge angle can be made of softer material.When assembling, gap width can be adjusted to zero.Allow its phase mutual friction, scraping, natural running-in when treating running just, obtain desirable gap width and can not enlarge, all the other several gaps that belong between plane and plane or cylndrical surface and the cylndrical surface all are easy measurement, adjustment easily.Therefore in assembling and running in just, consider influences such as temperature deformation, vibration, bearing play stress deformation, after different choice test several times, select comparatively ideal gap width surely, so both can reach good sealing effect, can avoid grazing between each part again, bite.

The adjusting of this machine inner pressure ratio and gettering quantity:

The adjusting of interior compression ratio: can realize the adjusting of the inner pressure ratio of same machine by replacing with semiclapboard 19 and piston two end plectanes.Dispose a plurality of have the air outlet flue dividing plate of different types, size and the plectanes that breach varies in size, determine different interior compression ratios according to the inlet and outlet pressure of different needs, combination just can realize that same machine has several different interior compression ratios with plectane to select suitable exhaust partition again, then all can make the exhaust energy consumption be limited to normal range (NR) to adapt to different inlet and outlet pressure, reach comparatively ideal exhaust process.

The adjusting of gettering quantity, same machine can be fixed in the different aspirated volume of dividing plate realization of lower housing by replacing, reaches the fixedly change of tolerance.Needs according to the tolerance adjusting, can leave bar shaped macropore (as Fig. 3, sequence number 18) at lower clapboard, when piston E point with after casing G point overlaps, be further rotated when calming the anger, portion gas in the plenum chamber will be run by the plectane breach before the piston into lower clapboard bar shaped macropore, backflow into air aspiration cavity, reach the purpose that reduces gettering quantity, under the situation that other part does not change, only change lower clapboard like this and just can reach the purpose of regulating compressor suction tolerance.

Claims (6)

1, a kind of rotating piston machinery meshed with one side belongs to rotary machine, can be used for manufacturing and designing compressor, decompressor and development explosive motor, and its working medium is gas or gas, liquid mixture.

Comprising:

Cylindrical hole, two holes that have two row to be parallel to each other in the casing are intersected and are communicated in the intersection,

In this two row cylindrical hole of casing, two rotors that are parallel to each other are arranged,

On this two rotor, be equipped with a pair of or several in couples to wheel, the thickness of two wheels in the every pair of wheel and exradius all equate, a cylindrical boss and a groove are respectively arranged on each wheel, the groove fit of the boss of a wheel and corresponding wheel is rotated during running, each is cylinder with parallel axes to the intermeshing curved surface of rotor

All there is the radially dividing plate of fixedlying connected with casing and seal action being arranged at each wheel two ends in the active chamber, each radially has the cavity that communicates with casing near intersection, two holes in the casing on the dividing plate and makes compression exhaust road (or making intake duct when gas expands), pore radius is identical with the exradius of wheel wherein in the active chamber, between the two only every one seal clearance.

Make compress inlet air road (or when gas expands, making air outlet flue) in another intersection perforate of casing two endoporus.

By the boss side surfaces (being surface of action) and the groove floor thereof of a wheel, these wheel two ends radially constitute active chamber in the space that surrounds, the surface of the boss external cylindrical surface of wall, the wheel corresponding with it of dividing plate and place casing endoporus thereof.

Between two rotors by a pair of synchromesh gear transmission,

It is characterized in that:

One is power rotor in two rotors, and another is a driven rotor, and having only a side in the boss on each wheel on the power rotor (being driving wheel) (being fan-shaped piston) is surface of action (this face face active chamber).The another side can be the plane,

Groove one side on each wheel on the driven rotor (being follower) is and the identical or more recessed curved surface of piston surface of action shape that opposite side can be the plane; The follower two ends need not be provided with the radially dividing plate of seal action, dividing plate can be set yet,

Can only stay one section seal clearance arbitrarily from a distance between follower cylindrical and the casing endoporus near intersection, two holes,

Have only during the running of the every pair of wheel piston surface of action-this face need with intersection (this line and the parallel axes) engagement of corresponding follower further groove curved surface and its external cylindrical surface,

Active chamber only is present in the casing endoporus at inswept space-power rotor place of piston when rotation; And do not have active chamber in the casing endoporus at driven rotor place.

2, the rotating piston machinery meshed with one side according to claim 1, it is characterized in that radially respectively putting a notched plectane between the dividing plate at piston and its two end, this two plate is contained in axle and upward rotates with piston, the breach both sides are the curved surface identical with the piston surface of action, breach is communicated with active chamber, and wherein a N-Side surf overlaps with the piston surface of action; The plectane exradius is identical with the outside piston radius.

3, according to the described rotating piston machinery meshed with one side of claim 2, it is characterized in that follower two sides respectively dispose an X template, this kind plate bi-side are the identical cylinder with the piston engagement, and wherein a lateral column face overlaps with the surface of action of follower; Circle radius is all identical with the follower exradius outside this X template, and the radially angle of breach two N-Side surfs is identical on the radially angle of its two N-Side surf and the piston two end plectanes; The X template can seal that medium does not make it spill from the plectane breach in the active chamber during machine works; X template thickness equates with circle plate thickness.

4, according to the described rotating piston machinery meshed with one side of claim 1, it is characterized in that can adopting no key to be connected between follower and the driven shaft, can adjust the circumferential position of follower on axle arbitrarily when then assembling.

5, according to the described rotating piston machinery meshed with one side of claim 1, it is characterized in that communicating with low pressure area being linked to be holistic lower semi-diaphragm upper shed with casing, can change the position of piston closes active chamber and the volume of active chamber thus.

6, according to the described rotating piston machinery meshed with one side of claim 2, it is characterized in that the position of the breach of the outer plectane of each piston two end, shape and size should be identical.

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