CN1006676B - Plant cultivation method and realize the equipment of this method - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention is relevant with agricultural.Plant is cultivated in the synthetic material Guan Zhongyong of the perforation of some horizontal positioned solution-air method, and nutrient solution is in the time period t that continues 3～4 minutes ₁In be admitted in the pipe, then at t ₂From pipe, discharge in time period, the time lockage chamber t ₃In do not provide any fresh solution to plant, the pass of three time periods is t ₁: t ₂: t ₃=1: (1.0～1.5): (5.0～8.75); Repeat above-mentioned circulation then.The equipment of realizing this method comprises a guard system, receiver, and a supply line that has pump is with an emergency power pipeline that links to each other with supply tank with receiver respectively.

Description

Plant cultivation method and realize the equipment of this method

The present invention is relevant, particularly relevant with the greenhouse growing technology of plant, flowers with agricultural, and relates to the equipment of realizing this technology.

In modern age, cultivation technique without soil with ever-increasing scale development all over the world.One of most promising branch in the water culture wooden case cultivation seemingly agronomy, it is to become the basis modern age of chemistry, biology and electronics.It brings increasing substantially of crop yield and agricultural product quality, has improved working condition incomparablely.Existing hydroponics method can be classified according to the characteristic of used matrix and the mode of supply nutrient solution, and this back one group categories of hydroponic cultivation method is divided into a so-called constant current water culture and a stream water culture again.In last situation, nutrient solution is ceaselessly in the plant root circulation, and in one situation of back, the circulation of nutrient solution is to depend on the circulation of the batch-type of plant needs and weather conditions.

The method that extensively adopts is a cultivated plant in the synthetic material pipe at present, supplies with the material that plant is rely and earns a bare living in pipe.It is come out by Britain's gardening Research Institute, and is called as NFT(nutrition thin film technique).

This method is to supply nutrient solution with one " film " stream to plant root, and this film stream is supplied with water, air and the nutrient of plant necessary amounts.In the middle of practice, use the tipper of a polyethylene film, the liquid nutrient flow that pumps in the pond is crossed its circulation, and the degree of depth of this liquid stream is very little, can not surpass 1 centimetre, so plant can absorb sufficient oxygen and not need some special apparatuss of oxygen supply by this solution from air.Like this, can save the spending of used in this case equipment.On the support of multi-layer rotary, can lay intensive and lightweight trough easily and cultivate plant.

This known method is brought some difficulties in practical operation.Therefore used nutrient solution must carefully monitor pH value, nutrient density and some other factors of nutrient solution because amount is few, and its character may change rapidly.Since be with polyethylene film as the material of trough, so the temperature of nutrient solution can fluctuate in a very wide scope, and cooling or heat this solution and can slattern many energy.When these grooves are mounted on the ground, it seems that for their correct gradients also is a problem, gradient such as improper, nutrient solution stream then can flow with zig-zag fashion, cause the zone of viscous flow and promote algal grown, this will make plant growth rate inhomogeneous, and owing to the not enough plant anoxic that makes of oxygen of mixing with air in this solution.

The method of another soilless cultivation plant in the greenhouse also is known, and this method adopts growing container to support plant, and supplies with nutrient solution and nourish these plants (referring to Soviet Union's inventors certificate 147,862 and 152,987; Classification is AolG31/02, publishes in 1962).Plant grows on a kind of stand that artificial matrix arranged, and with regular time at interval to this matrix supply nutrient solution.When nutrient solution drops onto on the stand, be full of the hole of this matrix, and the space between the matrix particle has been full of air, has supplied with vegetation water and conditions of air and be met like this.

But because nutrient distribution is uneven in vertical direction in time, thereby these conditions of then nourishing plant can be destroyed and make this known method lack efficient.Plant roots and matrix may lack moisture on the top of stand then may hypoventilation in the bottom.On the surface of base particle, may accumulate the salt in the nutrient component, also may accumulate malignant bacteria.The mobile meeting that matrix particle does not stop under the nutrient solution effect causes root damage.In order to replenish matrix, make the root regeneration of live plant and to remove the root of dead plants, and, also need to do many effort in order to kill algae.In the crop rotation of crop, it also is inevitable removing plant roots.

In addition, an equipment that is used for the hydroponics method also is known, this equipment has a nutrient solution storagetank, through a supply line be connected to some horizontal settings, its top perforation and having on the polymer tubing with the plant supporter of the concentric installation of these eyelets, also has a receiver that communicates with storagetank through a discharge pipe and pump (referring to Soviet Union's inventors certificate 988,240; Classification number AolG31/00, nineteen eighty-three publishes).This known equipment includes the tube system of a polymeric material, and these pipes are being draped in stacking mode and are feeding with a kind of nutritive solution, and in all each layers, nutrient solution is automatically maintained on the constant level.The carriage of supporting to make the net that plant grows in a certain direction is housed, so that adjust the height of net according to the speed of plant growing in the hole of pipeline.

This known equipment is very huge, is complicated and slippery design, can not bring improvement likely to say it in principle in plant growth.

Main purpose of the present invention is to provide one root system metering fed the solution-air cultivation method that helps the improved nutrient liquid of crop, and a simple and reliable equipment realizing said method also is provided simultaneously.

This purpose is to realize by a such solution-air plant cultivation method, this method comprises the plant placement and is fixed in the growing container, allow a kind of nutrient solution enter into these containers, according to the present invention, this growing container is some pipes with perforated wall, and these perforated walls are to the plant effect of providing support, these pipes are laid by level, and nutrient solution is sent in the pipeline discontinuously, at first, and the time period t at 3～4 minutes ₁In provide nutrient solution to pipeline, next be the time period t of this solution of discharging in the pipe ₂, plant is not provided the time period t of fresh solution ₃, the length of two time periods of back is by relational expression t ₁: t ₂: t ₃=1: (1.0～1.5): (5.0～8.75) limit; Repeat top this circulation then.

Constitute this operation sequence of the inventive method,, therefore improved the gross efficiency of cultivation method for irrigation, ventilation and the nutrition supply of root architecture provides optimum condition.

Purpose of the present invention further realizes by the equipment of such solution-air plant cultivation method, this equipment has a supply tank that holds nutrient solution, it is through a supply line and some horizontal positioned, there is the polymeric pipe of a plurality of eyelets to link to each other at an upper portion thereof, these eyelets are close to the plant supporter with its concentric installation, this equipment also has a receiver that communicates with supply tank through discharge pipe and pump, according to the present invention, these polymeric pipes all are positioned in the same horizontal plane, so that form a tube assembly and at one end have a collector that directly links to each other with receiver, the supply line device has a pump and is an inverted-loop tube that communicates with receiver, and receiver links to each other with supply tank by an emergency power pipeline with stop valve again.

More than device is that plant root provides plant nutrient substance in the most succinct mode, and assurance equipment each several part is worked reliably, and guarantees the raising of crop yield.

It is very suitable adorning a device to the nutrient solution ventilation in the horizontal-extending section of inverted-loop tube, and this design feature will be set up controlled best oxygen content to satisfy the needs of plant growing in nutrient solution.

It also is very suitable that polymeric pipe is directed downwards inclination towards collector, helps like this to discharge nutrient solution in pipe, and helps a large amount of air to enter root structure along the vertical and horizontal direction, prevents rotting of they.

The short tube that will have a lid is packed in the eyelet of polymeric pipe so that affix plant growing supporter also is very suitable.

Preferably these lids have the hole concentric with the polymeric pipe eyelet, and they will accelerate and carry out like a cork the control of plant growing, help suitable plant location to reach the arrangement of root architecture after plant growing.

In supply tank, preferably there is a heater to heat nutrient solution, so that provide optimal temperature conditions for plant growing.

Fig. 1 is the equipment principle schematic diagram that is used for solution-air plant cultivation method;

Fig. 2 is the short tube structure that expression has the plant supporter.

With reference to Fig. 1, the equipment of solution-air plant cultivation method is an assembly of being made up of pipe 1, these pipes or horizontally extending perhaps tilt down towards collector 2, and collector 2 links to each other with the supply tank 3 that nutrient solution is housed by receiver 4,6 the U-shaped supply pipe 5 that inclines that has a pump.Receiver 4 also links to each other with supply tank 3 through the discharge pipe 7 of a band pump 8, and by this pipeline, nutrient solution is got back to supply tank 3.Receiver 4 other emergency lines 9 that also use under emergency rating via, that have stop valve 10 are connected with supply tank 3.Device 11 to the nutrient solution ventilation is installed on the horizontal-extending section of inverted U-shaped pipeline 5.

With reference to Fig. 2, each bar pipe 1 of assembly has a plurality of perforation and sub 13 the short tube 12 with cover of packing at an upper portion thereof in each hole, and each lid 13 has a hole, it with pipe 1 on corresponding eyelet be concentric installation and have a plant supporter 14.

This disclosed equipment is worked in the following manner.

Plant to be cultivated is placed to by means of supporter 14 and covers in 13 the hole.After starting pump work, the nutrient solution that is contained in the supply tank 3 is sent in the receiver 4 of sealing through inverted U-shaped pipeline 5, and nutrient solution is by peace

Table 1

Be contained in any known heater (not drawing on the figure) heating of supply tank 3 inside.Nutrient solution through collector 2 feed pipe 1, arrives the plant that grows in this place from receiver 4.The nutrient solution of ventilation stream continues 4 or 5 minutes by means of air-breather 11, then, starts pump 8 work 5 or 6 minutes, and nutrient solution is discharged in tube assembly the receiver 4, gets back to supply tank 3 through pipeline 7 in receiving vessel again.After this, stagnated 25～30 minutes, between this deadtime, do not provide fresh nutrient solution, repeat above-mentioned circulation then to pipe.

Under case of emergency, nutrient solution can flow to collector 2 and pipe 1 because gravity passes through valves 10 and pipeline 9 and receiver 4 from supply tank 3.

This disclosed method is used to cultivate rose under optimum condition, China pink and chrysanthemum.

Transplanting of these flowers is put in the horizontal assembly of plastic tube formation, and be to continue 4.5 minutes in 20 ℃ the nutrient solution inflow pipe with temperature, then be this liquid discharge 5.5 minutes and supply fresh plant nutrient substance to enter 30 minutes intervals the pipe in pipe.This whole growth, flowering stage of circulating in constantly repeats, till obtaining the fresh flower that can go on the market.

From the data that following table is listed as can be seen, disclosed method and known method can carry out favourable comparison, it has been set up and has given the optimum condition of plant air supply and water, thereby has increased output and improved product quality, and former method only just helps to shorten growth cycle.

Self-evident, disclosed equipment provides the means of controlling disclosed method.

Disclosed invention can be advantageously used in chamber operation and come culturing vegetable, gourd, flowers and fruit on a large scale.Tree nurseries and plant-breeding station also can utilize the present invention.

Claims (3)

1, a kind of solution-air plant cultivation method, it comprises lays and is fixed on plant in the growing container and make a kind of nutrient solution flow into these containers, this growing container is some pipes with the perforated wall that can support plant (1), these pipes (1) are horizontal settings, it is characterized in that this nutrient solution is in the time period t that continues 3～4 minutes ₁In be sent in these pipes, then in time period t ₂In from this solution of pipe (1) lining discharging, and in time period t ₃In do not provide any fresh solution to plant, the length of two time periods of back is by relational expression t ₁: t ₂: t ₃=1: (1.0-1.5): (5.0-8.75) limit; Repeat above-mentioned circulation then.

2, an equipment of realizing the described method of claim 1, it has a supply tank that holds nutrient solution, its process supply line (5) and some have a plurality of perforation at an upper portion thereof, the polymeric pipe of horizontal setting links to each other, these perforation are close to and the concentric plant supporter (14) that is installed in lid (13) in these holes, also has the receiver (4) that a process discharge pipe (7) and pump (8) communicate with supply tank (3), this equipment is characterised in that said polymeric material pipe (1) all is placed in the same horizontal plane, so that form a tube assembly and a collector (2) at one end be housed, collector directly is connected with receiver (4), supply line (5) has a pump (6) and is an inverted U-shaped pipe that communicates with receiver (4), and receiver (4) links to each other with supply tank (3) via the emergency power pipeline (9) of band stop valve (10) again.

3, equipment as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that a device (11) to the nutrient solution ventilation is arranged on the horizontal-extending section of inverted-loop tube.

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