CN100587378C - Liquidus temperature detection oven systematic device for aluminum electrolysis - Google Patents
Liquidus temperature detection oven systematic device for aluminum electrolysis Download PDFInfo
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- CN100587378C CN100587378C CN200610110208A CN200610110208A CN100587378C CN 100587378 C CN100587378 C CN 100587378C CN 200610110208 A CN200610110208 A CN 200610110208A CN 200610110208 A CN200610110208 A CN 200610110208A CN 100587378 C CN100587378 C CN 100587378C
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- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 title claims description 25
- 230000009897 systematic effect Effects 0.000 title claims description 12
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 abstract description 12
- 230000017105 transposition Effects 0.000 abstract description 11
- 238000013480 data collection Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000012774 insulation material Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 26
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 17
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 11
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 11
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane Chemical compound [AlH3] AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000975 Carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 206010053615 Thermal burn Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000009529 body temperature measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010962 carbon steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000003127 knee Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000002075 main ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009347 mechanical transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011022 operating instruction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008520 organization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000021715 photosynthesis, light harvesting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007619 statistical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention discloses an aluminum electrolysis primary crystal temperature detecting furnace system. Its power is electrically connected to primary crystal temperature detecting furnace 2, furnace temperature control cabinet 3, data collection system 4, industrial computer 5. The primary crystal temperature detecting furnace 2 is mainly comprised by manipulator for picking sample, rotating transposition mechanism, temperature detecting room, furnace cover, cooling cabin, heating cabin, wherein the cooling cabin and the heating cabin are both split structure, and the furnace cover is arrangedat the bottom of the rotating transposition mechanism and above table-board of the furnace body, lower portion of the furnace cover is equipped with thermal insulation material, and the heating cabinis at the right side bottom of the furnace body, and the cooling cabin is at the left side bottom of the furnace body, and the cooling cabin and heating cabin forms an included angle of 180 DEG, andthe rotating transposition mechanism is at the center of the furnace body, which main shaft coincides with central axis of the furnace body. The invention can detects and calculates the temperature ofthe aluminum electrolysis primary crystal, and is helpful to further stable control for the aluminum electrolysis condition.
Description
Technical field:
The present invention relates to a kind of aluminium electroloysis temperature testing equipment, particularly relate to a kind of liquidus temperature detection oven systematic device for aluminum electrolysis.
Background technology:
From the present production status of domestic aluminium electrolytic industry, also do not realize the checkout gear to electrolyte primary crystal temperature synchronous with production.Electrolysis temperature is one of important technology parameter in the Aluminium Electrolysis process, and it comprises electrolyte primary crystal temperature and degree of superheat two parts (electrolysis temperature=liquidus temperature+degree of superheat).If can accurately obtain the liquidus temperature of each electrolytic cell, just can accurately hold electrolysis temperature, just can quantitatively control the power consumption of each electrolytic cell, have very great help to energy-saving and cost-reducing.And current each electrolytic aluminium factory can only detect the instantaneous electrolysis temperature of electrolytic cell in actual production, can't quantitatively learn the quantitative relation between liquidus temperature and the degree of superheat and the three, have to rely on experience and other technical parameter (as molecular proportion) of operational administrative personnel roughly to judge, make electrolytic cell can not be in best duty, also cause energy dissipation.
Summary of the invention:
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is: provide a kind of liquidus temperature detection oven systematic device for aluminum electrolysis, to overcome the deficiency that can not detect the aluminium electroloysis liquidus temperature that exists in the prior art.
The present invention constitutes like this: it comprises power supply (1), power supply (1) detects stove (2), Control for Kiln Temperature cabinet (3), data collecting system (4), industrial computer (5) for being electrically connected with liquidus temperature, and liquidus temperature detects between stove (2), Control for Kiln Temperature cabinet (3), data collecting system (4), the industrial computer (5) to being electrically connected.
It is the nucleus equipment of native system that liquidus temperature detects stove (2), and all heating to electrolyte sample, cooling, replacing operation are all finished in body of heater.The Control for Kiln Temperature cabinet directly links to each other with the detection stove, and by the panel operation of Control for Kiln Temperature cabinet, adjusting that can be convenient, flexible detects the various mechanical actions of stove.The operator uses guidance panel also can control the action that detects stove, can change the work of crucible and sample easily.Body of heater adopts the measure that is incubated preferably, guarantees that outside wall temperature below 60 degrees centigrade, has guaranteed production safety.
Liquidus temperature detects stove (2) mainly by picking and placeing sample manipulator (6), (11), rotation inversion mechanism (7), thermometric chamber (8), (12), bell (9), (13), cooling storehouse (10), heating cabinet (14); Wherein cool off storehouse (10), heating cabinet (14) is a split-type structural, bell (9), (13) are positioned at the bottom, the top of body of heater table top of rotation inversion mechanism (7), bell (9), (13) bottom are equipped with heat-barrier material.
Heating cabinet (14) is positioned at the bottom, right side of body of heater, and cooling storehouse (10) is positioned at the left bottom of body of heater, and cooling storehouse (10) becomes 180 ° of angles with heating cabinet (14), and rotation inversion mechanism (7) is positioned at the centre of body of heater, and main shaft overlaps with the body of heater axis.
Thermometric chamber (8), (12), cooling storehouse (10) inwall that liquidus temperature detects stove are the stainless steel manufacturing.
Liquidus temperature detects stove (2) body of heater and adopts alumina silicate fibre.
It is carborundum that liquidus temperature detects stove (2) electric furnace inner bag.
Heating cabinet (14) is used for the electrolyte sample heat fused, and maximum heating temperature can reach 1100 ℃.Heating cabinet is directly controlled by the Control for Kiln Temperature cabinet, can set the flat-temperature zone as required, and controller uses intelligence to regulate control, and efficient is higher.Burner hearth customizes according to the size of crucible, guarantees the work that hoisting mechanism can be convenient, flexible.
Cooling storehouse (10) is the normal temperature chamber, adopts the nature cooling, is used to change crucible, places sample, keeps the detection system continuous operation.Respectively dispose a crucible in heating furnace, the cool furnace, when measuring a sample, just can prepare another sample, improved operating efficiency.
Pick and place sample manipulator (6), (11) employing precision mechanical transmission structure; be free to walk up and down; in test process; by manually-operated or control automatically; the crucible that fills sample can be proposed from heating cabinet to the thermometric chamber; also the sample of changing can be promoted to the thermometric chamber by the cooling storehouse, the walking control of manipulator comprises accurate location, stroke judgement, the protection or the like of transfiniting.
Rotation inversion mechanism (7) is custom-designed for convenience of large scale measurement operation in the suitability for industrialized production, it can 180 ° turns to, fast testing sample is transferred to heating cabinet (14) by cooling storehouse (10), also the sample that heats can be transferred to cooling storehouse (10) by heating cabinet (14).Therefore, rotation inversion mechanism (7) is the key components of this equipment.
Cool furnace thermometric chamber (8) and heating stove measuring greenhouse (12) are divided in the thermometric chamber, lay respectively at cool furnace and heating furnace top, the surveying work of electrolyte temperature is finished in these two thermometric chambers, principle according to the cooling curve method, along with the appearance of primary crystal point, will tangible knee of curve appear in temperature lowering curve, by the high-speed sampling device, this flex point is caught, just can judge electrolytical liquidus temperature accurately.
Bell (9), (13) are positioned at the bottom of rotation inversion mechanism, the top of body of heater table top, and bell (9), (13) bottom are equipped with heat-barrier material.In rotation inversion mechanism (7) when action, bell (9), (13) can be protected operating personnel not to be heated stove and scald, and prevent that other article from falling into heating furnace and causing harm.
It is as follows that liquidus temperature detects stove (2) body of heater operating instruction:
1. the heating cabinet energising is preheating to design temperature.
2. the bell that will cool off the storehouse side is fallen, and in the cooling door first crucible is placed on the tripod, and temperature thermocouple is inserted in the crucible, and bell rises after finishing, and is rotated transposition.
3. make the thermometric chamber that the testing sample crucible is housed aim at heating cabinet after the rotation transposition, the cooling storehouse is aimed in the thermometric chamber that the sample crucible of testing is housed.
4. the both sides bell is fallen simultaneously, heats first crucible, simultaneously second crucible is placed on the bell tripod of thermometric chamber from the cooling door.
5. treat that temperature thermocouple arrives design temperature in first crucible, bell is risen, temperature thermocouple opening entry cooling simultaneously
Curve, when reaching set point, record is finished.
6. first crucible is fallen once more, once more heated sample.
7. after waiting to reach design temperature, manually thermocouple is proposed, prevent thermocouple and sample adhesion.
8. after waiting the fresh sample in storehouse to be cooled to change to finish, the both sides bell rises simultaneously, waits for the rotation transposition.
9. after the rotation transposition is finished, carry out the measurement of next cycle.Above process can move in circles and carry out.
Control for Kiln Temperature cabinet (3) is the power cell of native system, for heating furnace provides electric energy, and the heating process of control heating furnace.
Each heating furnace all can be controlled separately, and Ce Shi sample number can be determined the heating furnace number that drops into as required.Both current temperature value can be monitored by temperature display, temperature parameter can be changed again.Voltmeter and ammeter indicate the switch board current working state.Thereby the power by temperature sensor input temp signal control power makes furnace temperature reach requirement.Use signal terminal a plurality of temperature controllers can be coupled together with detecting control module, can directly set the parameter value of each heat tunnel by upper computer software.
Intelligent temperature controller is as the centralized control unit of Control for Kiln Temperature cabinet, with different regulative modes, makes heating furnace reliable according to the different mining of temperature, and temperature value is accurate, and power consumption is lower.Can also carry out temperature-compensating according to different room temperatures regulates.Can report to the police for the holding wire fault.
Data collecting system (4) is handled for computer after the detected temperature signal of temperature transducer is transformed to data signal.Detecting control module is to carry out temperature correction, and data are handled, store, shown and print, and the master control set of course of work control.It as main control unit, is the intelligent kernel of liquidus temperature detection system with single-chip microcomputer.The data that detection obtains can be sent to host computer by standard RS-232 interface.Realize the storage of aluminium electrolyte sample temperature change curve data by upper computer software, and temperature curve flex point when calculating primary crystal and forming, thereby draw liquidus temperature.
Industrial computer (5) is handled the information of heat radiation and cooling procedure as host computer.Development platform adopts Windows 2000/Xp system, DELPHI 7.0 and SQL Server 2000 databases.Application software system mainly is made up of parameter setting, heating and cooling procedure control, temperature curve calculating and functional modules such as demonstration, the seizure of primary crystal point, the inquiry of historical data, statistical analysis and report printing.
Industrial computer (5) is connected to data collecting system (4).For this complete equipment, a data collecting system can connect many Control for Kiln Temperature cabinets, and every Control for Kiln Temperature cabinet detects stove with a liquidus temperature again and links to each other, and detects the stove action thereby reach control, carries out the purpose of primary crystal temperature measurement.
The characteristics of liquidus temperature detection oven systematic device are: it is a kind of special inspecting equipment, measuring characteristic and specification requirement at the electrolyte primary crystal temperature, finish detection by the dedicated test stove to electrolyte heating and temperature-fall period, be aided with advanced operation controlling organization, be equipped with high speed, high-precision data acquisition system, finish precise monitoring the electrolyte temperature-fall period; This detection stove and accessory has heating, cooling two bins, what two covers had a thermometric chamber picks and places the sample manipulator, one cover sample inversion mechanism and high speed system for detecting temperature and motion control system, but Fast Heating, extraction, test samples, the heating cabinet temperature all the time high temperature weighing apparatus decide the continuous fast detecting of realization sample under the state.This system and device detects stove by the aluminium electroloysis liquidus temperature that adopts development voluntarily, configuration Control for Kiln Temperature and data acquisition equipment, cooling procedure is monitored and image data with data acquisition unit according to cooling curve method principle, the cooling procedure information of aluminium electrolyte is sent to host computer carries out data and handle, finish precise monitoring the electrolyte temperature-fall period; By control software, utilize corresponding algorithm, draw out temperature lowering curve, just can draw electrolytical primary crystal and form the some temperature.
Liquidus temperature detection oven systematic device operation principle and process are as follows:
1, switches on, Control for Kiln Temperature cabinet temperature detect switch (TDS) is set to the operating temperature of action need.
2, thermometric chamber (8) bell that liquidus temperature is detected stove is fallen, from the normal temperature door with first crucible put with the crucible frame on, bell rises.
3, temperature thermocouple is inserted in the crucible.
4, the rotation transposition is aimed at electric furnace with thermometric chamber (8), and thermometric chamber (12) aim at cooling storehouse (normal temperature chamber).
5, liquidus temperature detection stove both sides bell is fallen simultaneously, heats first crucible, simultaneously second crucible is placed on the bell crucible frame of thermometric chamber (12) from the normal temperature door.
6, liquidus temperature is detected thermometric chamber (12) the bell rise of stove, temperature thermocouple is inserted in the crucible.
7, treat that temperature thermocouple arrives design temperature in first crucible, thermometric chamber (8) bell is risen, simultaneously temperature thermocouple opening entry temperature lowering curve.
8, the rotation transposition is aimed at electric furnace with thermometric chamber (12), and thermometric chamber (8) aim at cooling storehouse (normal temperature chamber).
9, the both sides bell is fallen simultaneously, heats second crucible, waits for that first crucible is cooled to set point, and the record temperature lowering curve is finished.
10, thermometric chamber (8) bell that liquidus temperature is detected stove rises again.
11, treat that temperature thermocouple arrives design temperature in second crucible, thermometric chamber (2) bell is risen, simultaneously temperature thermocouple opening entry temperature lowering curve.
12, the rotation transposition is aimed at electric furnace with thermometric chamber (8), and thermometric chamber (12) aim at cooling storehouse (normal temperature chamber).
13, liquidus temperature detection stove both sides bell is fallen simultaneously, heats first crucible again, waits for that simultaneously second crucible is cooled to set point, and the record temperature lowering curve is finished.Thermometric chamber (12) bell is risen again
When 14, aluminium liquid melts in first crucible, extract temperature thermocouple, thermometric chamber (8) bell is risen again.
15, the rotation transposition is aimed at electric furnace with thermometric chamber (12), and thermometric chamber (8) aim at cooling storehouse (normal temperature chamber).
16, liquidus temperature detection furnace apparatus both sides bell is fallen simultaneously, heats second crucible again.From cooling storehouse (normal temperature chamber) door, first crucible is taken out simultaneously, the 3rd crucible changes the outfit.Thermometric chamber (8) bell is risen again.
When 17, aluminium liquid melts in second crucible, extract temperature thermocouple, thermometric chamber (12) bell is risen again.
18, above process moves in circles and carries out.
In the Aluminium Electrolysis process, the electrolysis liquidus temperature and the degree of superheat will change when the Main Ingredients and Appearance proportioning changes.The detection data that obtain by this device can truly reflect the liquidus temperature and the situation of change of aluminium electroloysis, thereby realize the control to the Aluminium Electrolysis process.
From the present situation of domestic and international aluminium industry, do not realize that real-time online detects the aluminum cell shell temperature, from the present situation of domestic aluminium industry, do not realize the detection of aluminium electroloysis liquidus temperature yet.Therefore the present invention can help the manager further to be familiar with various change mechanisms in the Aluminium Electrolysis process, the direction and the degree of regularity that electrolytic cell pot shell temperature and liquidus temperature change in the searching Aluminium Electrolysis process and Correlative Influence Factors, influence, include shell temperature in control as control variables, include liquidus temperature in temperature control as control variables, further improve the automatic control level of aluminium cell.The present invention is applicable to the detection of each Aluminium Electrolysis factory to the aluminium electroloysis liquidus temperature, thereby accurately controls electrolysis temperature, the degree of superheat in the Aluminium Electrolysis process.Thereby have good popularization and application prospect and an industrialization value.
In sum, compared with prior art, the present invention can detect and calculate the aluminium electroloysis liquidus temperature, realization is judged comparatively accurately to the relation between the technical conditions such as electrolysis temperature, molecular proportion, voltage, potline current, help the further stable control of aluminum electrolyzation technology condition, thereby effectively guarantee the even running of Aluminium Electrolysis, bring into play its electric energy efficiency to greatest extent, finally reach further promotion Aluminium Electrolysis managerial skills and technological progress, and can be for improving aluminium electroloysis efficient, it is significant to improve aluminum electrolysis process.
Description of drawings:
Fig. 1: composition schematic diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 2: liquidus temperature of the present invention detects stove (2) structural representation.
The specific embodiment:
Embodiments of the invention: liquidus temperature detects stove 2 mainly by picking and placeing sample manipulator 6,11, rotation inversion mechanism 7, thermometric chamber 8,12, bell 9,13, cooling storehouse 10, heating cabinet 14 is formed, connect according to shown in Figure 2, wherein cool off storehouse 10, heating cabinet 14 is a split-type structural, heating cabinet 14 is positioned at the bottom, right side of body of heater, and cooling storehouse 10 is positioned at the left bottom of body of heater, the 14 one-tenth 180 ° of angles in cooling storehouse 10 and heating cabinet, rotation inversion mechanism 7 is positioned at the centre of body of heater, main shaft overlaps with the body of heater axis, bell 9,13 are positioned at the bottom of rotation inversion mechanism 7, the top of body of heater table top, bell 9,13 bottoms are equipped with heat-barrier material, thermometric chamber 8,12, cooling storehouse 10 inwalls are the stainless steel manufacturing, and all the other are carbon steel; Liquidus temperature detects stove 2 bodies of heater and adopts the alumina silicate fibre heat-insulation and heat-preservation, and the electric furnace inner bag adopts carborundum.
Liquidus temperature detection oven systematic device as shown in Figure 1, power supply 1 detects stove 2, Control for Kiln Temperature cabinet 3, data collecting system 4, industrial computer 5 for being electrically connected with liquidus temperature, and liquidus temperature detects between stove 2, Control for Kiln Temperature cabinet 3, data collecting system 4, the industrial computer 5 to being electrically connected.
Claims (5)
1. liquidus temperature detection oven systematic device for aluminum electrolysis, it comprises power supply (1), it is characterized in that: liquidus temperature detects stove (2), Control for Kiln Temperature cabinet (3), data collecting system (4), industrial computer (5) and power supply (1) for being electrically connected, is electrical connection between liquidus temperature detection stove (2), Control for Kiln Temperature cabinet (3), data collecting system (4), the industrial computer (5); The structure that liquidus temperature detects stove (2) comprises and picks and places sample manipulator (6,11), rotation inversion mechanism (7), thermometric chamber (8,12), bell (9,13), cooling storehouse (10), heating cabinet (14); Wherein cool off storehouse (10), heating cabinet (14) is a split-type structural, bell (9,13) is positioned at the bottom, the top of body of heater table top of rotation inversion mechanism (7), bell (9,13) bottom is equipped with heat-barrier material.
2. liquidus temperature detection oven systematic device for aluminum electrolysis according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: heating cabinet (14) is positioned at the bottom, right side of body of heater, cooling storehouse (10) is positioned at the left bottom of body of heater, cooling storehouse (10) becomes 180 ° of angles with heating cabinet (14), rotation inversion mechanism (7) is positioned at the centre of body of heater, and main shaft overlaps with the body of heater axis.
3. liquidus temperature detection oven systematic device for aluminum electrolysis according to claim 1 is characterized in that: thermometric chamber (8,12), cooling storehouse (10) inwall that liquidus temperature detects stove are the stainless steel manufacturing.
4. liquidus temperature detection oven systematic device for aluminum electrolysis according to claim 1 is characterized in that: liquidus temperature detects stove (2) body of heater and adopts alumina silicate fibre.
5. liquidus temperature detection oven systematic device for aluminum electrolysis according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the interior electric furnace inner bag of heating cabinet (14) that liquidus temperature detects stove (2) is a carborundum.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN200610110208A CN100587378C (en) | 2006-12-11 | 2006-12-11 | Liquidus temperature detection oven systematic device for aluminum electrolysis |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN200610110208A CN100587378C (en) | 2006-12-11 | 2006-12-11 | Liquidus temperature detection oven systematic device for aluminum electrolysis |
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| CN100587378C true CN100587378C (en) | 2010-02-03 |
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| CN103940230B (en) * | 2014-05-13 | 2015-09-09 | 株洲冶炼集团股份有限公司 | A kind of automatic temperature measurement instrument of flash furnace reaction tower |
| CN108151535A (en) * | 2017-12-26 | 2018-06-12 | 新昌县通用机械有限公司 | A kind of electric furnace easy to use |
| CN111578702B (en) * | 2020-03-31 | 2022-05-10 | 宁波可可磁业股份有限公司 | Neodymium-iron-boron alloy production device and preparation method thereof |
| CN117169699B (en) * | 2023-11-02 | 2024-01-26 | 安盈半导体技术(常州)有限公司 | Chip high-low temperature test equipment |
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Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
|---|
| 高温熔盐初晶温度和分子比槽前分析仪的研制. 李向群，任凤莲，练文柳，李海斌.有色金属（冶炼部分），第2003年第5期. 2003 |
| 高温熔盐初晶温度和分子比槽前分析仪的研制. 李向群，任凤莲，练文柳，李海斌.有色金属(冶炼部分)，第5期. 2003 * |
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