CN100585327C - The Method of Obtaining the Dimensions of Cylindrical Workpiece and Processing Adjustment Parameters - Google Patents

The Method of Obtaining the Dimensions of Cylindrical Workpiece and Processing Adjustment Parameters Download PDF

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CN100585327C
CN100585327C CN200710072390A CN200710072390A CN100585327C CN 100585327 C CN100585327 C CN 100585327C CN 200710072390 A CN200710072390 A CN 200710072390A CN 200710072390 A CN200710072390 A CN 200710072390A CN 100585327 C CN100585327 C CN 100585327C
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axis
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CN101078617A (en
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刚铁
盛朝阳
林俊杰
袁媛
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Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen
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Abstract

获得筒形工件形位尺寸及加工调整参数的方法，涉及一种筒形工件的检测及加工调整参数的获得方法。它解决了现有筒形工件的加工过程中，操作人员依据手动测量的有限数据凭经验确定加工调整方法及加工余量，致使加工过程受人为因素影响比较大，难以保证加工产品的质量的问题。它的方法是：确定测量的基准点，在待测工件外表面上标注多个待测截面；采用超声波对所述多个待测截面进行检测，获得多个待测截面的外表面信息和壁厚信息，即工件的行位尺寸，然后根据所述行位尺寸获得工件的理想轴线方程，后根据所述理想轴线方程确定工件的调整方向和加工余量。本发明获得的加工调整参数可以应用于对筒形工件的车削加工的控制过程中。

Figure 200710072390

The invention discloses a method for obtaining shape, position, size and processing adjustment parameters of a cylindrical workpiece, which relates to a detection method for a cylindrical workpiece and a method for obtaining processing adjustment parameters. It solves the problem that during the processing of the existing cylindrical workpiece, the operator determines the processing adjustment method and the processing allowance based on experience based on the limited data of manual measurement, so that the processing process is greatly affected by human factors and it is difficult to guarantee the quality of the processed product. . Its method is: determine the reference point of measurement, mark multiple sections to be measured on the outer surface of the workpiece to be measured; use ultrasonic waves to detect the multiple sections to be measured, and obtain the outer surface information and wall Thickness information, that is, the row size of the workpiece, and then obtain the ideal axis equation of the workpiece according to the row size, and then determine the adjustment direction and machining allowance of the workpiece according to the ideal axis equation. The processing adjustment parameters obtained by the present invention can be applied in the control process of the turning processing of the cylindrical workpiece.

Figure 200710072390

Description

Obtain cylindrical work pieces morpheme size and processing and adjust the method for parameter
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of detection of cylindrical work pieces and the preparation method that parameter is adjusted in processing.
Background technology
Cylindrical work pieces and similar products thereof need just can reach final dimensional requirement through casting and machining mostly, during this time also will be through operations such as bakingout process and stabilizations, in the processing processing procedure of multiple working procedure so, bring deformation inevitably, in process, the morpheme size that can detect processing work accurately is an important factor that guarantees the yield rate of converted products.In the process of existing cylindrical work pieces, how morpheme size Control to workpiece adopts manual measurement multiple spot wall thickness value by the process technology workman, determine by rule of thumb that according to measurement data processing method of adjustment and process redundancy calculate then, though this method can satisfy the needs in producing substantially, but because it is bigger influenced by human factor, and the data point of test is limited, particularly when cylindrical member inner structure more complicated, just is difficult to guarantee the quality of converted products.
Summary of the invention
In the process that solves existing cylindrical work pieces, operating personnel determine processing method of adjustment and process redundancy by rule of thumb according to the finite data of manual measurement, it is bigger to cause process influenced by human factor, be difficult to guarantee the problem of the quality of converted products, the invention provides a kind of method that parameter is adjusted in cylindrical work pieces morpheme size and processing that obtains.
Obtain cylindrical work pieces morpheme size and processing and adjust the method for parameter, concrete steps are:
Step 1: determine the reference point of measurement, a plurality of sectional position z to be measured of mark on the outside surface of measured workpiece 1To z n, execution in step two then;
Step 2: the control measured workpiece at the uniform velocity rotates, and scrambler and measured workpiece are rotated synchronously, and execution in step three then;
Step 3: the ultrasound wave couplant is continued, is ejected into uniformly the measured workpiece surface, realize the ultrasound wave coupling; Execution in step four then;
Step 4: adjust the ultrasonic probe position, the central axis of extended line and measured workpiece of the central axis of ultrasonic probe is intersected, assurance ultrasonic probe ultrasonic waves transmitted is perpendicular to the outside surface incident of measured workpiece, and execution in step five then;
Step 5: adjust the position of ultrasonic probe, make ultrasonic emitting that ultrasonic probe sends to i cross section z to be measured iOn, write down described cross section z to be measured iPositional information, back execution in step six;
Step 6: after scrambler turns over the demarcation reference position, beginning continuous coverage, record coding device information, ultrasound wave time of return, when scrambler rotates back into the demarcation reference position once more, stop to measure,, calculate the cross section z to be measured that obtains each angle and correspondence thereof according to the information of record iOutside surface information and wall thickness information, execution in step seven;
Step 7: judge whether i equals n, if judged result is for being to represent all cross section z to be measured iAll test finishes execution in step eight; If judged result represents to also have cross section z to be measured for not iDo not measure, i=i+1 returns execution in step five;
Step 8: the n group information that statistical study step 5 and step 6 obtain obtains all cross section z to be measured of measured workpiece iMultiple spot outside surface information and wall thickness information, test is finished;
I described in each step is an integer, and 1≤i≤n,
The axial direction of setting measured workpiece is that Z axle, ultrasonic probe pointing direction are X-axis, and then Y-axis is the direction perpendicular to described X-axis and Z axle, and the analytical calculation process of specifically adjusting data is:
Setting the rotating shaft center is the coordinate round dot, and the direction that ultrasonic probe points to is the X-axis positive dirction, is the Y-axis positive dirction perpendicular to the following direction of the line of ultrasonic probe and measured workpiece rotation; Measure cross section z at each iInformation in choose the data message of A, B, C at 3, the coordinate of described 3 A, B, C is respectively A (x 1, y 1), B (x 2, y 2), C (x 3, y 3), wherein angle α, β, the γ between 3 and the kernel of section line is (120 ± 15) °, then central coordinate of circle (X, Y) and the computing formula of inside radius R be:
Y = ( x 3 2 - x 1 2 ) + ( y 3 2 - y 1 2 ) 2 ( x 3 - x 1 ) - ( x 2 2 - x 1 2 ) + ( y 2 2 - y 1 2 ) 2 ( x 2 - x 1 ) y 3 - y 1 x 3 - x 1 - y 2 - y 1 x 2 - x 1 ,
X = x 3 2 - x 1 2 + ( y 3 - y 1 ) ( ( y 3 + y 1 ) - 12 Y ) 2 ( x 3 - x 1 ) ,
R = ( x 3 - X ) 2 + ( y 3 - Y ) 2 ,
At same measurement cross section z iOn choose 3 of many groups and calculate, the mean value of getting repeatedly result of calculation is as this cross section expectation home position coordinate and inner radius values;
The data based best square approximation theory in the center of circle, above-mentioned a plurality of cross section is carried out the space line match, obtains the ideal axis equation of workpiece:
X - X 0 α 0 = Y - Y 0 β 0 = Z - Z 0 γ 0 ;
Provide the method for adjustment of measured workpiece according to above-mentioned equation, concrete steps are: determine that measured workpiece axially adjusts position Z, try to achieve the numerical value of corresponding X, Y according to the ideal axis equation, promptly adjustment amount is radially determined the direction that processing is adjusted according to its symbol; After the adjustment, the outside surface of measured workpiece is carried out turning processing, process the uniform cylindrical work pieces of wall thickness.
Realize that the device of contactless cylindrical work pieces morpheme size automatic testing method of the present invention is made up of scrambler, ultrasonic measuring device and detection control computer, described ultrasonic measuring device is made up of couplant shower nozzle, connecting pipe and ultrasonic probe, described couplant shower nozzle is the pipe that has through hole, described connecting pipe is a three-port structure, ultrasound wave transmission/the receiving end of described ultrasonic probe embeds the sensor port of described connecting pipe, one end of described couplant shower nozzle embeds the delivery outlet of described connecting pipe, and the couplant shower nozzle is communicated with the input port of connecting pipe; Described detection control computer has ultrasound data capture card and motion capture card, the signal output part of described ultrasonic probe is connected with the data input pin of the ultrasound data capture card that detects control computer, and the signal output part of described scrambler is connected with the data input pin of the motion capture card that detects control computer.
Detection method of the present invention can detect wall thickness, the inner and outer diameter data of the multiple spot on multibreak of measured workpiece rapidly, exactly, can provide valid data for estimating product quality on the one hand, also provide reliable data guarantee on the other hand for adjusting and processing measured workpiece accurately, can reduce the scrappage of product, shorten man-hour, raise the efficiency.Pick-up unit of the present invention, simple in structure, easy for installation, easy and simple to handle, on traditional lathe, just can be convenient to use, can be applied to widely in the detection and processing instruction course of existing tubular workpieces.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of ultrasonic measuring device of the present invention; Fig. 2 is the central axis cut-open view of the parts connecting pipe 4 among Fig. 1; Fig. 3, Fig. 4 are the structural representations that measurement mechanism of the present invention and lathe are used; When Fig. 5 is the ultrasonic measuring device measurement and the position of tested tubular workpieces concerns synoptic diagram.
Embodiment
The contactless cylindrical work pieces morpheme size automatic testing method of present embodiment is:
Step 1: determine the reference point of measurement, a plurality of sectional position z to be measured of mark on the outside surface of measured workpiece 1To z n, execution in step two then;
Step 2: the control measured workpiece at the uniform velocity rotates, and scrambler and measured workpiece are rotated synchronously, and execution in step three then;
Step 3: the ultrasound wave couplant is continued, is ejected into uniformly the measured workpiece surface, realize the ultrasound wave coupling; Execution in step four then;
Step 4: adjust the ultrasonic probe position, the central axis of extended line and measured workpiece of the central axis of ultrasonic probe is intersected, assurance ultrasonic probe ultrasonic waves transmitted is perpendicular to the outside surface incident of measured workpiece, and execution in step five then;
Step 5: adjust the position of ultrasonic probe, make ultrasonic emitting that ultrasonic probe sends to i cross section z to be measured iOn, write down described cross section z to be measured iPositional information, back execution in step six;
Step 6: after scrambler turns over the demarcation reference position, beginning continuous coverage, record coding device information, ultrasound wave time of return, when scrambler rotates back into the demarcation reference position once more, stop to measure,, calculate the cross section z to be measured that obtains each angle and correspondence thereof according to the information of record iOutside surface information and wall thickness information, execution in step seven;
Step 7: judge that i equals n? if judged result is for being to represent all cross section z to be measured iAll test finishes execution in step eight; If judged result represents to also have cross section z to be measured for not iDo not measure, i=i+1 returns execution in step five;
Step 8: the n group information that statistical study step 5 and step 6 obtain obtains all cross section z to be measured of measured workpiece iMultiple spot outside surface information and wall thickness information, test is finished;
I described in each step is an integer, and 1≤i≤n.
From step 5, six, the 7th, from first cross section z to be measured 1Beginning, n cross section to be measured is measured one by one.
In the liquid coolant that the ultrasound wave couplant described in the step 3 can adopt water or lathe to use, on hyperacoustic measuring route, spray couplant uniformly, guaranteed the stable of ultrasonic propagation velocity, provide effective guarantee for obtaining accurate measurement result.
Referring to Fig. 3, in step 6, described cross section z to be measured iOutside surface information and the computing method of wall thickness information be:
Ultrasonic probe is respectively l apart from the distance of measured workpiece outside surface and measured position inside surface 1=v 1* t 1/ 2, l 2=l 1+ d, the wall thickness of measured workpiece measuring position is: d=v 2(t 2-t 1)/2, wherein said t 1Be measured workpiece outside surface ultrasound echo signal travel-time, described t 2Be measured workpiece inside surface ultrasound echo signal travel-time, described v 2Be the velocity of propagation of ultrasound wave in the measured workpiece tube wall, described v 1Be the velocity of propagation of ultrasound wave in the ultrasound wave couplant.
Being meant whether defectiveness of measured workpiece surface in the outside surface of measured workpiece described in step 6 information, is l according to comparing and measuring a plurality of ultrasonic probes of obtaining apart from the distance of measured workpiece outside surface 1Size judge whether the measured workpiece outside surface has projection or depression.By d and the l that measures 2Unite judge workpiece whether evenly, whether off-centre arranged.
Adopt the contactless cylindrical work pieces morpheme size automatic testing method of present embodiment can detect multibreak wall thickness, inner and outer diameter data that go up multiple spot of workpiece quickly and accurately, by analysis to measure to data can obtain whole morpheme size, can calculate the corresponding adjustment amount in workpiece two ends according to the data of gathering simultaneously.Like this, can finish the processing of workpiece quickly, workpiece is being met under the Design and Machining demand, wall thickness is even, reduces the scrappage of product, shortens man-hour, raises the efficiency.The detection method of present embodiment is suitable for the measurement of cylindrical work pieces and similar products and instructs processing, has important and practical meanings.
The device of contactless cylindrical work pieces morpheme size automatic testing method that is used to realize present embodiment is by scrambler 8, ultrasonic measuring device 20 and detection control computer 9 are formed, described ultrasonic measuring device 20 is by couplant shower nozzle 2, connecting pipe 4 and ultrasonic probe 5 are formed, described couplant shower nozzle 2 is the pipes that have through hole, described connecting pipe 4 is three-port structures, ultrasound wave transmission/the receiving end of described ultrasonic probe 5 embeds the sensor port 4-2 of described connecting pipe 4, one end of described couplant shower nozzle 2 embeds the delivery outlet 4-3 of described connecting pipe 4, and couplant shower nozzle 2 is communicated with the input port 4-1 of connecting pipe 4; Described detection control computer 9 has ultrasound data capture card and motion capture card, the signal output part of described ultrasonic probe 5 is connected with the data input pin of the ultrasound data capture card that detects control computer 9, and the signal output part of described scrambler 8 is connected with the data input pin of the motion capture card that detects control computer 9.
The front end of described couplant shower nozzle 2 can also be that internal diameter reduces spout.
The contactless cylindrical work pieces morpheme dimension automatic detection device of present embodiment is when using, guarantee that the extended line of central axis of couplant shower nozzle 2 of described ultrasonic detection device 20 and the central axis of measured workpiece intersect vertically, couplant is introduced the input port 4-1 of described connecting pipe 4, scrambler 8 and measured workpiece are rotated synchronously.
The contactless cylindrical work pieces morpheme dimension automatic detection device of present embodiment can be used with traditional lathe, when being used, measured workpiece 1 is fixed on the workpiece chuck 7 of lathe, described ultrasonic measuring device 20 is fixed on the knife rest 6 of lathe, adjust the direction of ultrasonic measuring device 20, the extended line of central axis of couplant shower nozzle 2 of ultrasonic measuring device 20 and the central axis of measured workpiece 1 are intersected vertically, and the couplant inlet 4-1 of ultrasonic measuring device 20 is communicated with by the machine tool coolant or the water source of flexible pipe 11 with the outside; The signal end of described ultrasonic probe 5 is connected with the data input pin of the ultrasonic acquisition card that detects control computer 9, the rotation input shaft of scrambler 8 is connected with an end of workpiece chuck 7, the rotation input shaft and the measured workpiece 1 that guarantee described scrambler 8 rotate synchronously, and the signal output part of described scrambler 8 is connected with the signal input part of the motion capture card that detects control computer 9.
Lathe described in the present embodiment can be a universal lathe.
Scrambler described in the present embodiment 8 is grabbed chuck by three and is fixed on the lathe afterbody, the rotation input shaft of described scrambler 8 and the workpiece chuck coaxial rotation of lathe.The pulse code information of sending according to scrambler 8 can obtain the information of Workpiece Rotating angle.Scrambler in the present embodiment is a photoelectric encoder.
Ultrasonic probe described in the present embodiment is the compressional wave normal probe, as S-3533 compressional wave normal probe.
Ultrasonic acquisition card that adopts in the present embodiment and motion capture card all are general, as the ultrasonic acquisition card of HSD4, and the motion capture card of enc600.
In actual applications, the data that can utilize present embodiment to measure are adjusted processing to measured workpiece, and then the uniform cylindrical work pieces of acquisition wall thickness, the axial direction of setting measured workpiece is that Z axle, ultrasonic probe pointing direction are X-axis, then Y-axis is the direction perpendicular to described X-axis and Z axle, and the analytical calculation process of specifically adjusting data is:
Setting the rotating shaft center is the coordinate round dot, and the direction that ultrasonic probe points to is the X-axis positive dirction, is the Y-axis positive dirction perpendicular to the following direction of the line of ultrasonic probe and measured workpiece rotation; Choose the data message of A, B, C in the information of each measurement cross section zi at 3, the coordinate of described 3 A, B, C is respectively A (x 1, y 1), B (x 2, y 2), C (x 3, y 3), wherein angle α, β, the γ between 3 and the kernel of section line is (120 ± 15) °.Then central coordinate of circle (X, Y) and the computing formula of inside radius R be:
Y = ( x 2 2 - x 1 2 ) + ( y 3 2 - y 1 2 ) 2 ( x 3 - x 1 ) - ( x 2 2 - x 1 2 ) + ( y 2 2 - y 1 2 ) 2 ( x 2 - x 1 ) y 3 - y 1 x 3 - x 1 - y 2 - y 1 x 2 - x 1 ,
X = x 3 2 - x 1 2 + ( y 3 - y 1 ) ( ( y 3 + y 1 ) - 2 Y ) 2 ( x 3 - x 1 ) ,
R = ( x 3 - X ) 2 + ( y 3 - Y ) 2 .
In order to eliminate test error, can be at same measurement cross section z iOn choose 3 of many groups and calculate, get the method for its mean value then, promptly choose many group (A, B, C) measurement points and carry out home position and calculate, the mean value of getting repeatedly result of calculation is as this cross section expectation home position coordinate and inner radius values.
In order better and easily to adjust process redundancy according to measurement data, guarantee critical size data such as wall thickness and diameter, the data based best square approximation theory in the center of circle, above-mentioned a plurality of cross section is carried out the space line match, obtain the ideal axis equation of workpiece:
X - X 0 α 0 = Y - Y 0 β 0 = Z - Z 0 γ 0 .
Can provide the method for adjustment of measured workpiece according to above-mentioned equation, concrete steps are: determine that measured workpiece axially adjusts position Z, can try to achieve the numerical value of corresponding X, Y according to the ideal axis equation, promptly adjustment amount is radially determined the direction that processing is adjusted according to its symbol; After the adjustment, the outside surface of measured workpiece is carried out turning processing, process the uniform cylindrical work pieces of wall thickness.
The position that the equation of the ideal axis of the measured workpiece that obtains according to present embodiment is adjusted measured workpiece processes then, and then obtains high-precision cylindrical work pieces converted products.

Claims (3)

1、获得筒形工件形位尺寸及加工调整参数的方法，其特征在于它的具体步骤为：1. The method for obtaining the shape and position size of the cylindrical workpiece and the processing adjustment parameters is characterized in that its specific steps are: 步骤一：确定测量的基准点，在被测工件的外表面上标注多个待测截面位置z1至zn，然后执行步骤二；Step 1: Determine the reference point for measurement, mark a plurality of cross-sectional positions z 1 to z n on the outer surface of the workpiece to be measured, and then perform step 2; 步骤二：控制被测工件匀速旋转，同时使编码器与被测工件同步旋转，然后执行步骤三；Step 2: Control the measured workpiece to rotate at a constant speed, and at the same time make the encoder rotate synchronously with the measured workpiece, and then perform step 3; 步骤三：将超声波耦合剂持续、均匀的喷射到被测工件表面，实现超声波耦合；然后执行步骤四；Step 3: Continuously and evenly spray the ultrasonic coupling agent onto the surface of the workpiece to realize ultrasonic coupling; then perform step 4; 步骤四：调整超声波探头位置，使超声波探头的中心轴线的延长线与被测工件的中心轴线相交，保证超声波探头发射的超声波垂直于被测工件的外表面入射，然后执行步骤五；Step 4: Adjust the position of the ultrasonic probe so that the extension line of the central axis of the ultrasonic probe intersects the central axis of the workpiece to be measured, so that the ultrasonic waves emitted by the ultrasonic probe are incident perpendicular to the outer surface of the workpiece to be measured, and then perform step 5; 步骤五：调整超声波探头的位置，使超声波探头发出的超声波发射到第i个待测截面zi上，记录所述待测截面zi的位置信息，后执行步骤六；Step 5: Adjust the position of the ultrasonic probe so that the ultrasonic wave emitted by the ultrasonic probe is transmitted to the i-th section z i to be measured, record the position information of the section z i to be measured, and then perform step 6; 步骤六：当编码器转过标定起始位置后，开始连续测量、记录编码器信息、超声波返回时间，直到编码器再次转回到标定起始位置时停止测量，根据记录的信息，计算获得每一个角度及其对应的待测截面zi的外表面信息和壁厚信息，执行步骤七；Step 6: After the encoder turns over the calibration starting position, start continuous measurement, record the encoder information and ultrasonic return time, stop measuring until the encoder turns back to the calibration starting position again, and calculate and obtain each time according to the recorded information. An angle and its corresponding outer surface information and wall thickness information of the section z to be measured, perform step 7; 步骤七：判断i是否等于n，如果判断结果为是，表示所有待测截面zi均测试完毕，执行步骤八；如果判断结果为否，表示还有待测截面zi没有测量，i＝i+1，返回执行步骤五；Step seven: judge whether i is equal to n, if the judgment result is yes, it means that all the sections z i to be tested have been tested, and perform step eight; if the judgment result is no, it means that there are still sections z i to be measured that have not been measured, i=i +1, return to step 5; 步骤八：统计分析步骤五和步骤六获得的n组信息，获得被测工件所有待测截面zi的多点外表面信息和壁厚信息，测试完成；Step 8: Statistically analyze the n groups of information obtained in Step 5 and Step 6, and obtain the multi-point outer surface information and wall thickness information of all sections z i of the tested workpiece, and the test is completed; 各步骤中所述i为整数，且1≤i≤n；In each step, i is an integer, and 1≤i≤n; 设定被测工件的轴向方向为Z轴、超声波探头指向方向为X轴，则Y轴为垂直于所述X轴和Z轴的方向，具体调整数据的分析计算过程为：Set the axial direction of the workpiece to be measured as the Z-axis, and the pointing direction of the ultrasonic probe as the X-axis, then the Y-axis is the direction perpendicular to the X-axis and Z-axis. The specific analysis and calculation process for adjusting the data is: 设定转轴中心为坐标圆点，超声波探头指向的方向为X轴正方向，垂直于超声波探头与被测工件旋转轴线的连线的下方向为Y轴正方向；在每个测量截面zi的信息中选取三点A、B、C的数据信息，所述三点A、B、C的坐标分别为A(x1，y1)、B(x2，y2)、C(x3，y3)，其中三点与截面中心连线之间的夹角α、β、γ均为(120±15)°，则圆心坐标(X，Y)及内半径R的计算公式为：Set the center of the rotating shaft as the coordinate circle point, the direction pointed by the ultrasonic probe is the positive direction of the X-axis, and the direction perpendicular to the line connecting the ultrasonic probe and the rotation axis of the workpiece to be measured is the positive direction of the Y-axis; in each measurement section z i Select the data information of three points A, B, and C in the information, and the coordinates of the three points A, B, and C are A(x 1 , y 1 ), B(x 2 , y 2 ), C(x 3 , y 3 ), where the angles α, β, and γ between the three points and the line connecting the center of the section are all (120±15)°, then the calculation formulas for the coordinates of the center of the circle (X, Y) and the inner radius R are: YY == (( xx 33 22 -- xx 11 22 )) ++ (( ythe y 33 22 -- ythe y 11 22 )) 22 (( xx 33 -- xx 11 )) -- (( xx 22 22 -- xx 11 22 )) ++ (( ythe y 22 22 -- ythe y 11 22 )) 22 (( xx 22 -- xx 11 )) ythe y 33 -- ythe y 11 xx 33 -- xx 11 -- ythe y 22 -- ythe y 11 xx 22 -- xx 11 ,, Xx == xx 33 22 -- xx 11 22 ++ (( ythe y 33 -- ythe y 11 )) (( (( ythe y 33 ++ ythe y 11 )) -- 22 YY )) 22 (( xx 33 -- xx 11 )) ,, RR == (( xx 33 -- Xx )) 22 ++ (( ythe y 33 -- YY )) 22 ,, 在同一个测量截面zi上选取多组三点进行计算，取多次计算结果的平均值作为该截面期望圆心位置坐标及内半径值；Select multiple groups of three points on the same measurement section z i for calculation, and take the average value of multiple calculation results as the desired center position coordinates and inner radius value of the section; 将上述多个截面圆心数据根据最佳平方逼近原理进行空间直线拟合，得到工件的理想轴线方程：According to the best square approximation principle, the above-mentioned data of multiple cross-section centers are fitted with a straight line in space, and the ideal axis equation of the workpiece is obtained: Xx -- Xx 00 αα 00 == YY -- YY 00 ββ 00 == ZZ -- ZZ 00 γγ 00 ;; 根据上述方程给出被测工件的调整方法，具体步骤为：确定被测工件轴向调整位置Z，根据理想轴线方程求得相应的X、Y的数值，即径向调整量，根据其符号确定加工调整的方向；调整之后，对被测工件的外表面进行车削加工，加工出壁厚均匀的筒形工件。According to the above equation, the adjustment method of the measured workpiece is given. The specific steps are: determine the axial adjustment position Z of the measured workpiece, and obtain the corresponding X and Y values according to the ideal axis equation, that is, the radial adjustment amount, and determine it according to its sign The direction of processing adjustment; after adjustment, the outer surface of the workpiece to be tested is turned to process a cylindrical workpiece with uniform wall thickness. 2、根据权利要求1所述的获得筒形工件形位尺寸及加工调整参数的方法，其特征在于步骤三中所述的超声波耦合剂采用水或者机床用的冷却液。2. The method for obtaining the shape, size and processing adjustment parameters of a cylindrical workpiece according to claim 1, characterized in that the ultrasonic coupling agent in step 3 is water or cooling liquid for machine tools. 3、根据权利要求1所述的获得筒形工件形位尺寸及加工调整参数的方法，其特征在于，在步骤六中所述的待测截面zi的外表面信息和壁厚信息的计算方法为：3. The method for obtaining the shape, position, size and processing adjustment parameters of a cylindrical workpiece according to claim 1, characterized in that the calculation method of the outer surface information and wall thickness information of the section z to be measured described in step six for: 超声波探头距离被测工件外表面和被测量位置内表面的距离分别为l1＝v1×t1/2、l2＝l1+d，被测工件测量位置的壁厚为：d＝v2(t2-t1)/2，其中所述t1为被测工件外表面超声回波信号传播时间，所述t2为被测工件内表面超声回波信号传播时间，所述v2是超声波在被测工件管壁中的传播速度，所述v1是超声波在耦合剂中的传播速度。The distances between the ultrasonic probe and the outer surface of the workpiece to be measured and the inner surface of the measured position are l 1 =v 1 ×t 1 /2, l 2 =l 1 +d, and the wall thickness of the measured workpiece is: d=v 2 (t 2 -t 1 )/2, wherein said t 1 is the propagation time of the ultrasonic echo signal on the outer surface of the measured workpiece, said t 2 is the propagation time of the ultrasonic echo signal on the inner surface of the measured workpiece, and said v 2 is the propagation velocity of the ultrasonic wave in the pipe wall of the workpiece to be tested, and v 1 is the propagation velocity of the ultrasonic wave in the couplant.
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