CN100585327C - Method for obtaining drum-shaped workpiece shape and position dimension, and machining and regulating parameters - Google Patents

Method for obtaining drum-shaped workpiece shape and position dimension, and machining and regulating parameters Download PDF

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Publication number
CN100585327C
CN100585327C CN200710072390A CN200710072390A CN100585327C CN 100585327 C CN100585327 C CN 100585327C CN 200710072390 A CN200710072390 A CN 200710072390A CN 200710072390 A CN200710072390 A CN 200710072390A CN 100585327 C CN100585327 C CN 100585327C
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measured
measured workpiece
section
information
ultrasonic probe
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CN101078617A (en
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刚铁
盛朝阳
林俊杰
袁媛
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Harbin Institute of Technology
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Harbin Institute of Technology
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Abstract

The invention relates to a non-contacting automatic measuring method for shape and position dimension of cylinder part and the device. The problem that because measuring accuracy for part pipe wall is influenced by human factor in process for cylinder part production qualification ratio is low. The method is that the measuring base point is determined and multiple measuring sections on the outer surface of measuring part are labeled; measuring part is fixed on the chuck of lathe and it is controlled to rotate in constant speed; ultrasonic coupling medium sprays to measured surface continuously and evenly; ultrasonic probe is adjusted to aim at multiple measuring sections so that ultrasonic emitted by said ultrasonic probe rips into measuring surface vertically; according information collected by encoder rotating angle of measuring section, corresponding surface information and wall thickness information is measured and recorded; outer surface information and wall thickness information of multiple measuring sections are stated and analyzed. The measuring method and the device in invention can be widely applied in measuring and machining process of prior cylinder part.

Description

Obtain cylindrical work pieces morpheme size and processing and adjust the method for parameter
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of detection of cylindrical work pieces and the preparation method that parameter is adjusted in processing.
Background technology
Cylindrical work pieces and similar products thereof need just can reach final dimensional requirement through casting and machining mostly, during this time also will be through operations such as bakingout process and stabilizations, in the processing processing procedure of multiple working procedure so, bring deformation inevitably, in process, the morpheme size that can detect processing work accurately is an important factor that guarantees the yield rate of converted products.In the process of existing cylindrical work pieces, how morpheme size Control to workpiece adopts manual measurement multiple spot wall thickness value by the process technology workman, determine by rule of thumb that according to measurement data processing method of adjustment and process redundancy calculate then, though this method can satisfy the needs in producing substantially, but because it is bigger influenced by human factor, and the data point of test is limited, particularly when cylindrical member inner structure more complicated, just is difficult to guarantee the quality of converted products.
Summary of the invention
In the process that solves existing cylindrical work pieces, operating personnel determine processing method of adjustment and process redundancy by rule of thumb according to the finite data of manual measurement, it is bigger to cause process influenced by human factor, be difficult to guarantee the problem of the quality of converted products, the invention provides a kind of method that parameter is adjusted in cylindrical work pieces morpheme size and processing that obtains.
Obtain cylindrical work pieces morpheme size and processing and adjust the method for parameter, concrete steps are:
Step 1: determine the reference point of measurement, a plurality of sectional position z to be measured of mark on the outside surface of measured workpiece 1To z n, execution in step two then;
Step 2: the control measured workpiece at the uniform velocity rotates, and scrambler and measured workpiece are rotated synchronously, and execution in step three then;
Step 3: the ultrasound wave couplant is continued, is ejected into uniformly the measured workpiece surface, realize the ultrasound wave coupling; Execution in step four then;
Step 4: adjust the ultrasonic probe position, the central axis of extended line and measured workpiece of the central axis of ultrasonic probe is intersected, assurance ultrasonic probe ultrasonic waves transmitted is perpendicular to the outside surface incident of measured workpiece, and execution in step five then;
Step 5: adjust the position of ultrasonic probe, make ultrasonic emitting that ultrasonic probe sends to i cross section z to be measured iOn, write down described cross section z to be measured iPositional information, back execution in step six;
Step 6: after scrambler turns over the demarcation reference position, beginning continuous coverage, record coding device information, ultrasound wave time of return, when scrambler rotates back into the demarcation reference position once more, stop to measure,, calculate the cross section z to be measured that obtains each angle and correspondence thereof according to the information of record iOutside surface information and wall thickness information, execution in step seven;
Step 7: judge whether i equals n, if judged result is for being to represent all cross section z to be measured iAll test finishes execution in step eight; If judged result represents to also have cross section z to be measured for not iDo not measure, i=i+1 returns execution in step five;
Step 8: the n group information that statistical study step 5 and step 6 obtain obtains all cross section z to be measured of measured workpiece iMultiple spot outside surface information and wall thickness information, test is finished;
I described in each step is an integer, and 1≤i≤n,
The axial direction of setting measured workpiece is that Z axle, ultrasonic probe pointing direction are X-axis, and then Y-axis is the direction perpendicular to described X-axis and Z axle, and the analytical calculation process of specifically adjusting data is:
Setting the rotating shaft center is the coordinate round dot, and the direction that ultrasonic probe points to is the X-axis positive dirction, is the Y-axis positive dirction perpendicular to the following direction of the line of ultrasonic probe and measured workpiece rotation; Measure cross section z at each iInformation in choose the data message of A, B, C at 3, the coordinate of described 3 A, B, C is respectively A (x 1, y 1), B (x 2, y 2), C (x 3, y 3), wherein angle α, β, the γ between 3 and the kernel of section line is (120 ± 15) °, then central coordinate of circle (X, Y) and the computing formula of inside radius R be:
Y = ( x 3 2 - x 1 2 ) + ( y 3 2 - y 1 2 ) 2 ( x 3 - x 1 ) - ( x 2 2 - x 1 2 ) + ( y 2 2 - y 1 2 ) 2 ( x 2 - x 1 ) y 3 - y 1 x 3 - x 1 - y 2 - y 1 x 2 - x 1 ,
X = x 3 2 - x 1 2 + ( y 3 - y 1 ) ( ( y 3 + y 1 ) - 12 Y ) 2 ( x 3 - x 1 ) ,
R = ( x 3 - X ) 2 + ( y 3 - Y ) 2 ,
At same measurement cross section z iOn choose 3 of many groups and calculate, the mean value of getting repeatedly result of calculation is as this cross section expectation home position coordinate and inner radius values;
The data based best square approximation theory in the center of circle, above-mentioned a plurality of cross section is carried out the space line match, obtains the ideal axis equation of workpiece:
X - X 0 α 0 = Y - Y 0 β 0 = Z - Z 0 γ 0 ;
Provide the method for adjustment of measured workpiece according to above-mentioned equation, concrete steps are: determine that measured workpiece axially adjusts position Z, try to achieve the numerical value of corresponding X, Y according to the ideal axis equation, promptly adjustment amount is radially determined the direction that processing is adjusted according to its symbol; After the adjustment, the outside surface of measured workpiece is carried out turning processing, process the uniform cylindrical work pieces of wall thickness.
Realize that the device of contactless cylindrical work pieces morpheme size automatic testing method of the present invention is made up of scrambler, ultrasonic measuring device and detection control computer, described ultrasonic measuring device is made up of couplant shower nozzle, connecting pipe and ultrasonic probe, described couplant shower nozzle is the pipe that has through hole, described connecting pipe is a three-port structure, ultrasound wave transmission/the receiving end of described ultrasonic probe embeds the sensor port of described connecting pipe, one end of described couplant shower nozzle embeds the delivery outlet of described connecting pipe, and the couplant shower nozzle is communicated with the input port of connecting pipe; Described detection control computer has ultrasound data capture card and motion capture card, the signal output part of described ultrasonic probe is connected with the data input pin of the ultrasound data capture card that detects control computer, and the signal output part of described scrambler is connected with the data input pin of the motion capture card that detects control computer.
Detection method of the present invention can detect wall thickness, the inner and outer diameter data of the multiple spot on multibreak of measured workpiece rapidly, exactly, can provide valid data for estimating product quality on the one hand, also provide reliable data guarantee on the other hand for adjusting and processing measured workpiece accurately, can reduce the scrappage of product, shorten man-hour, raise the efficiency.Pick-up unit of the present invention, simple in structure, easy for installation, easy and simple to handle, on traditional lathe, just can be convenient to use, can be applied to widely in the detection and processing instruction course of existing tubular workpieces.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of ultrasonic measuring device of the present invention; Fig. 2 is the central axis cut-open view of the parts connecting pipe 4 among Fig. 1; Fig. 3, Fig. 4 are the structural representations that measurement mechanism of the present invention and lathe are used; When Fig. 5 is the ultrasonic measuring device measurement and the position of tested tubular workpieces concerns synoptic diagram.
Embodiment
The contactless cylindrical work pieces morpheme size automatic testing method of present embodiment is:
Step 1: determine the reference point of measurement, a plurality of sectional position z to be measured of mark on the outside surface of measured workpiece 1To z n, execution in step two then;
Step 2: the control measured workpiece at the uniform velocity rotates, and scrambler and measured workpiece are rotated synchronously, and execution in step three then;
Step 3: the ultrasound wave couplant is continued, is ejected into uniformly the measured workpiece surface, realize the ultrasound wave coupling; Execution in step four then;
Step 4: adjust the ultrasonic probe position, the central axis of extended line and measured workpiece of the central axis of ultrasonic probe is intersected, assurance ultrasonic probe ultrasonic waves transmitted is perpendicular to the outside surface incident of measured workpiece, and execution in step five then;
Step 5: adjust the position of ultrasonic probe, make ultrasonic emitting that ultrasonic probe sends to i cross section z to be measured iOn, write down described cross section z to be measured iPositional information, back execution in step six;
Step 6: after scrambler turns over the demarcation reference position, beginning continuous coverage, record coding device information, ultrasound wave time of return, when scrambler rotates back into the demarcation reference position once more, stop to measure,, calculate the cross section z to be measured that obtains each angle and correspondence thereof according to the information of record iOutside surface information and wall thickness information, execution in step seven;
Step 7: judge that i equals n? if judged result is for being to represent all cross section z to be measured iAll test finishes execution in step eight; If judged result represents to also have cross section z to be measured for not iDo not measure, i=i+1 returns execution in step five;
Step 8: the n group information that statistical study step 5 and step 6 obtain obtains all cross section z to be measured of measured workpiece iMultiple spot outside surface information and wall thickness information, test is finished;
I described in each step is an integer, and 1≤i≤n.
From step 5, six, the 7th, from first cross section z to be measured 1Beginning, n cross section to be measured is measured one by one.
In the liquid coolant that the ultrasound wave couplant described in the step 3 can adopt water or lathe to use, on hyperacoustic measuring route, spray couplant uniformly, guaranteed the stable of ultrasonic propagation velocity, provide effective guarantee for obtaining accurate measurement result.
Referring to Fig. 3, in step 6, described cross section z to be measured iOutside surface information and the computing method of wall thickness information be:
Ultrasonic probe is respectively l apart from the distance of measured workpiece outside surface and measured position inside surface 1=v 1* t 1/ 2, l 2=l 1+ d, the wall thickness of measured workpiece measuring position is: d=v 2(t 2-t 1)/2, wherein said t 1Be measured workpiece outside surface ultrasound echo signal travel-time, described t 2Be measured workpiece inside surface ultrasound echo signal travel-time, described v 2Be the velocity of propagation of ultrasound wave in the measured workpiece tube wall, described v 1Be the velocity of propagation of ultrasound wave in the ultrasound wave couplant.
Being meant whether defectiveness of measured workpiece surface in the outside surface of measured workpiece described in step 6 information, is l according to comparing and measuring a plurality of ultrasonic probes of obtaining apart from the distance of measured workpiece outside surface 1Size judge whether the measured workpiece outside surface has projection or depression.By d and the l that measures 2Unite judge workpiece whether evenly, whether off-centre arranged.
Adopt the contactless cylindrical work pieces morpheme size automatic testing method of present embodiment can detect multibreak wall thickness, inner and outer diameter data that go up multiple spot of workpiece quickly and accurately, by analysis to measure to data can obtain whole morpheme size, can calculate the corresponding adjustment amount in workpiece two ends according to the data of gathering simultaneously.Like this, can finish the processing of workpiece quickly, workpiece is being met under the Design and Machining demand, wall thickness is even, reduces the scrappage of product, shortens man-hour, raises the efficiency.The detection method of present embodiment is suitable for the measurement of cylindrical work pieces and similar products and instructs processing, has important and practical meanings.
The device of contactless cylindrical work pieces morpheme size automatic testing method that is used to realize present embodiment is by scrambler 8, ultrasonic measuring device 20 and detection control computer 9 are formed, described ultrasonic measuring device 20 is by couplant shower nozzle 2, connecting pipe 4 and ultrasonic probe 5 are formed, described couplant shower nozzle 2 is the pipes that have through hole, described connecting pipe 4 is three-port structures, ultrasound wave transmission/the receiving end of described ultrasonic probe 5 embeds the sensor port 4-2 of described connecting pipe 4, one end of described couplant shower nozzle 2 embeds the delivery outlet 4-3 of described connecting pipe 4, and couplant shower nozzle 2 is communicated with the input port 4-1 of connecting pipe 4; Described detection control computer 9 has ultrasound data capture card and motion capture card, the signal output part of described ultrasonic probe 5 is connected with the data input pin of the ultrasound data capture card that detects control computer 9, and the signal output part of described scrambler 8 is connected with the data input pin of the motion capture card that detects control computer 9.
The front end of described couplant shower nozzle 2 can also be that internal diameter reduces spout.
The contactless cylindrical work pieces morpheme dimension automatic detection device of present embodiment is when using, guarantee that the extended line of central axis of couplant shower nozzle 2 of described ultrasonic detection device 20 and the central axis of measured workpiece intersect vertically, couplant is introduced the input port 4-1 of described connecting pipe 4, scrambler 8 and measured workpiece are rotated synchronously.
The contactless cylindrical work pieces morpheme dimension automatic detection device of present embodiment can be used with traditional lathe, when being used, measured workpiece 1 is fixed on the workpiece chuck 7 of lathe, described ultrasonic measuring device 20 is fixed on the knife rest 6 of lathe, adjust the direction of ultrasonic measuring device 20, the extended line of central axis of couplant shower nozzle 2 of ultrasonic measuring device 20 and the central axis of measured workpiece 1 are intersected vertically, and the couplant inlet 4-1 of ultrasonic measuring device 20 is communicated with by the machine tool coolant or the water source of flexible pipe 11 with the outside; The signal end of described ultrasonic probe 5 is connected with the data input pin of the ultrasonic acquisition card that detects control computer 9, the rotation input shaft of scrambler 8 is connected with an end of workpiece chuck 7, the rotation input shaft and the measured workpiece 1 that guarantee described scrambler 8 rotate synchronously, and the signal output part of described scrambler 8 is connected with the signal input part of the motion capture card that detects control computer 9.
Lathe described in the present embodiment can be a universal lathe.
Scrambler described in the present embodiment 8 is grabbed chuck by three and is fixed on the lathe afterbody, the rotation input shaft of described scrambler 8 and the workpiece chuck coaxial rotation of lathe.The pulse code information of sending according to scrambler 8 can obtain the information of Workpiece Rotating angle.Scrambler in the present embodiment is a photoelectric encoder.
Ultrasonic probe described in the present embodiment is the compressional wave normal probe, as S-3533 compressional wave normal probe.
Ultrasonic acquisition card that adopts in the present embodiment and motion capture card all are general, as the ultrasonic acquisition card of HSD4, and the motion capture card of enc600.
In actual applications, the data that can utilize present embodiment to measure are adjusted processing to measured workpiece, and then the uniform cylindrical work pieces of acquisition wall thickness, the axial direction of setting measured workpiece is that Z axle, ultrasonic probe pointing direction are X-axis, then Y-axis is the direction perpendicular to described X-axis and Z axle, and the analytical calculation process of specifically adjusting data is:
Setting the rotating shaft center is the coordinate round dot, and the direction that ultrasonic probe points to is the X-axis positive dirction, is the Y-axis positive dirction perpendicular to the following direction of the line of ultrasonic probe and measured workpiece rotation; Choose the data message of A, B, C in the information of each measurement cross section zi at 3, the coordinate of described 3 A, B, C is respectively A (x 1, y 1), B (x 2, y 2), C (x 3, y 3), wherein angle α, β, the γ between 3 and the kernel of section line is (120 ± 15) °.Then central coordinate of circle (X, Y) and the computing formula of inside radius R be:
Y = ( x 2 2 - x 1 2 ) + ( y 3 2 - y 1 2 ) 2 ( x 3 - x 1 ) - ( x 2 2 - x 1 2 ) + ( y 2 2 - y 1 2 ) 2 ( x 2 - x 1 ) y 3 - y 1 x 3 - x 1 - y 2 - y 1 x 2 - x 1 ,
X = x 3 2 - x 1 2 + ( y 3 - y 1 ) ( ( y 3 + y 1 ) - 2 Y ) 2 ( x 3 - x 1 ) ,
R = ( x 3 - X ) 2 + ( y 3 - Y ) 2 .
In order to eliminate test error, can be at same measurement cross section z iOn choose 3 of many groups and calculate, get the method for its mean value then, promptly choose many group (A, B, C) measurement points and carry out home position and calculate, the mean value of getting repeatedly result of calculation is as this cross section expectation home position coordinate and inner radius values.
In order better and easily to adjust process redundancy according to measurement data, guarantee critical size data such as wall thickness and diameter, the data based best square approximation theory in the center of circle, above-mentioned a plurality of cross section is carried out the space line match, obtain the ideal axis equation of workpiece:
X - X 0 α 0 = Y - Y 0 β 0 = Z - Z 0 γ 0 .
Can provide the method for adjustment of measured workpiece according to above-mentioned equation, concrete steps are: determine that measured workpiece axially adjusts position Z, can try to achieve the numerical value of corresponding X, Y according to the ideal axis equation, promptly adjustment amount is radially determined the direction that processing is adjusted according to its symbol; After the adjustment, the outside surface of measured workpiece is carried out turning processing, process the uniform cylindrical work pieces of wall thickness.
The position that the equation of the ideal axis of the measured workpiece that obtains according to present embodiment is adjusted measured workpiece processes then, and then obtains high-precision cylindrical work pieces converted products.

Claims (3)

1, obtain the method that parameter is adjusted in cylindrical work pieces morpheme size and processing, it is characterized in that its concrete steps are:
Step 1: determine the reference point of measurement, a plurality of sectional position z to be measured of mark on the outside surface of measured workpiece 1To z n, execution in step two then;
Step 2: the control measured workpiece at the uniform velocity rotates, and scrambler and measured workpiece are rotated synchronously, and execution in step three then;
Step 3: the ultrasound wave couplant is continued, is ejected into uniformly the measured workpiece surface, realize the ultrasound wave coupling; Execution in step four then;
Step 4: adjust the ultrasonic probe position, the central axis of extended line and measured workpiece of the central axis of ultrasonic probe is intersected, assurance ultrasonic probe ultrasonic waves transmitted is perpendicular to the outside surface incident of measured workpiece, and execution in step five then;
Step 5: adjust the position of ultrasonic probe, make ultrasonic emitting that ultrasonic probe sends to i cross section z to be measured iOn, write down described cross section z to be measured iPositional information, back execution in step six;
Step 6: after scrambler turns over the demarcation reference position, beginning continuous coverage, record coding device information, ultrasound wave time of return, when scrambler rotates back into the demarcation reference position once more, stop to measure,, calculate the cross section z to be measured that obtains each angle and correspondence thereof according to the information of record iOutside surface information and wall thickness information, execution in step seven;
Step 7: judge whether i equals n, if judged result is for being to represent all cross section z to be measured iAll test finishes execution in step eight; If judged result represents to also have cross section z to be measured for not iDo not measure, i=i+1 returns execution in step five;
Step 8: the n group information that statistical study step 5 and step 6 obtain obtains all cross section z to be measured of measured workpiece iMultiple spot outside surface information and wall thickness information, test is finished;
I described in each step is an integer, and 1≤i≤n;
The axial direction of setting measured workpiece is that Z axle, ultrasonic probe pointing direction are X-axis, and then Y-axis is the direction perpendicular to described X-axis and Z axle, and the analytical calculation process of specifically adjusting data is:
Setting the rotating shaft center is the coordinate round dot, and the direction that ultrasonic probe points to is the X-axis positive dirction, is the Y-axis positive dirction perpendicular to the following direction of the line of ultrasonic probe and measured workpiece rotation; Measure cross section z at each iInformation in choose the data message of A, B, C at 3, the coordinate of described 3 A, B, C is respectively A (x 1, y 1), B (x 2, y 2), C (x 3, y 3), wherein angle α, β, the γ between 3 and the kernel of section line is (120 ± 15) °, then central coordinate of circle (X, Y) and the computing formula of inside radius R be:
Y = ( x 3 2 - x 1 2 ) + ( y 3 2 - y 1 2 ) 2 ( x 3 - x 1 ) - ( x 2 2 - x 1 2 ) + ( y 2 2 - y 1 2 ) 2 ( x 2 - x 1 ) y 3 - y 1 x 3 - x 1 - y 2 - y 1 x 2 - x 1 ,
X = x 3 2 - x 1 2 + ( y 3 - y 1 ) ( ( y 3 + y 1 ) - 2 Y ) 2 ( x 3 - x 1 ) ,
R = ( x 3 - X ) 2 + ( y 3 - Y ) 2 ,
At same measurement cross section z iOn choose 3 of many groups and calculate, the mean value of getting repeatedly result of calculation is as this cross section expectation home position coordinate and inner radius values;
The data based best square approximation theory in the center of circle, above-mentioned a plurality of cross section is carried out the space line match, obtains the ideal axis equation of workpiece:
X - X 0 α 0 = Y - Y 0 β 0 = Z - Z 0 γ 0 ;
Provide the method for adjustment of measured workpiece according to above-mentioned equation, concrete steps are: determine that measured workpiece axially adjusts position Z, try to achieve the numerical value of corresponding X, Y according to the ideal axis equation, promptly adjustment amount is radially determined the direction that processing is adjusted according to its symbol; After the adjustment, the outside surface of measured workpiece is carried out turning processing, process the uniform cylindrical work pieces of wall thickness.
2, the method for parameter is adjusted in acquisition cylindrical work pieces morpheme size according to claim 1 and processing, it is characterized in that the liquid coolant that the ultrasound wave couplant described in the step 3 adopts water or lathe to use.
3, the method for parameter is adjusted in acquisition cylindrical work pieces morpheme size according to claim 1 and processing, it is characterized in that, at the cross section z to be measured described in the step 6 iOutside surface information and the computing method of wall thickness information be:
Ultrasonic probe is respectively l apart from the distance of measured workpiece outside surface and measured position inside surface 1=v 1* t 1/ 2, l 2=l 1+ d, the wall thickness of measured workpiece measuring position is: d=v 2(t 2-t 1)/2, wherein said t 1Be measured workpiece outside surface ultrasound echo signal travel-time, described t 2Be measured workpiece inside surface ultrasound echo signal travel-time, described v 2Be the velocity of propagation of ultrasound wave in the measured workpiece tube wall, described v 1Be the velocity of propagation of ultrasound wave in couplant.
CN200710072390A 2007-06-22 2007-06-22 Method for obtaining drum-shaped workpiece shape and position dimension, and machining and regulating parameters Expired - Fee Related CN100585327C (en)

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