A kind of undersized log Wood drying apparatus
Technical field
Patent of the present invention relates to a kind of drying device of timber, particularly a kind of Minton dryer of timber.
Background technology
According to the china natural resources situation, in the quite a long time, the raw material of China's forest product industry product development will be given birth to small dimension wood, brush wood based on the speed of giving birth to the short period of felling in turn in 5~10 years from now on.In the Application and Development of solid wood furniture with the finishing field, will be small dimension wood essence, deep processing, improve an effective way of small dimension wood comprehensive utilization ratio and added value.
Because the improvement of dwelling house and living condition, people are growing to the demand of furniture, and simultaneously because the enhancing of environmental consciousness and to the yearning of nature, increasing people wishes that the living space of oneself can more approaching nature, and solid wood furniture becomes the row of first-selection.And small dimension wood is through reasonably dry and processing, supporting furniture such as chair, stool, bed, sofa and platform, a few class furniture both can directly be made into, can give full play to again, ingenious some characteristic of utilizing small dimension wood, as flexibility, taperingness, colourful forms such as circle, ellipse, semicircular section, or directly revolve the parts of making solid wood furniture.For texture, small dimension wood goods that color and luster is more attractive in appearance, can adopt transparent coating, to show the native texture and the color and luster of timber,, also be a kind of pattern of natural formation even if be counted as the knot of defective, can give a kind of cordial feeling of people; Neither pollute indoor environment, kept the timber natural characteristic again, satisfy people and return Piao and return genuine psychological needs.
But, at present owing to seriously do not limited the extensive use of undersized log at the efficient drying means of undersized log.Mostly known drying method at Logs of small diameter is to be undertaken by conventional drying equipment and technology, the arid cycle that its subject matter of bringing is not only Logs of small diameter is long, and seasoning defect drying defect is serious, as easily producing gross distortion and cross shake in the dry run, particularly the Logs of small diameter drying is difficult, yield rate is low for mixing firmly, and the dry mass of Logs of small diameter directly affects the dimensional stability by the undersized log product processed.
Vacuum drying is the means of the present efficient drying timber of researching and developing, because the boiling point of water reduces under vacuum condition, the timber internal pressure is higher, thereby can accelerate rate of drying at a lower temperature, shorten arid cycle, guarantee dry mass, be particularly suitable for the good permeability or the easy timber of shrinkage, and the drying of the bigger hard broad-leaved wood of thickness.
For example, existing vacuum drying of wood method comprises continuous vacuum drying and batch (-type) vacuum drying, the mode of heating of wherein traditional continuous vacuum drying is by hot plate timber to be heated continuously, and its shortcoming is owing to mainly by conduction pattern timber is heated, so drying efficiency is lower; The batch (-type) vacuum drying is to adopt vacuum, normal pressure to hocket in timber drying, so energy consumption is bigger.
Granted publication number discloses a kind of Wood Vacuum Drying Plant in the Chinese utility model patent of CN2765124Y, comprise the sealing device and the vavuum pump of tank body, cover, tank body cover connection place, rise hot heater by the set far infrared in the below of tank body when timber carries out vacuum drying and assist heating.Though this drying machine adopts vacuum drying timber to make arid cycle shorter relatively, still there is serious cross shake problem in the undersized log after institute's drying processing.
And for example, Granted publication number discloses a kind of vacuum drying of wood case in the Chinese utility model patent of CN2436899Y.This vacuum drying of wood case comprises casing, vavuum pump, vacuum degree control device, and we leaves the casing top, is placed with seal cover above, and heating plate is arranged in the casing, and heating plate connects recirculation heater.During use, alternately be placed in the casing with timber to be dried is parallel with heating plate, place seal cover at the casing top, open and produce negative pressure in the vavuum pump casing, seal cover recessed compressing timber plate and heating plate, recirculation heater is supplied with deep fat or hot water in heating plate simultaneously, with the timber heat drying.The advantage of this device is to prevent that sheet material is out of shape in dry run, and recirculation heater continues to the heating plate heat supply, further energy efficient.But this device is not suitable for Logs of small diameter, when with it Logs of small diameter being carried out the drying processing, can not avoid the problem of its flexural deformation and cross shake.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is provides a kind of Wood drying apparatus at above prior art problems, this device by making the drying medium convection current to the timber heat supply.
For realizing the object of the invention, Wood drying apparatus of the present invention comprises the dress material assembly that inside is the body of cavity, heater and can settles wood to be dried, heater and dress material component placement are in the cavity of body, wherein heater makes the drying medium in the engine cavity form convection current, so that to adorning the timber heat supply of settling on the material assembly and impelling its drying.
Another purpose of the present invention provides a kind of drying device, and this device to the timber heat supply, and cools off timber rapidly after drying finishes by making the drying medium convection current.
For realizing above-mentioned purpose of the present invention, Wood drying apparatus of the present invention comprises inner body, the heating and cooling device of cavity and the kiln truck that can settle wood to be dried of forming, heating and cooling device and kiln truck are placed in the engine cavity, wherein heater is arranged to, in timber drying, make the drying medium in the body internal cavity form convection current, so that the heat by discharging heating agent is to the timber heat supply that is placed on the kiln truck; After finishing, the drying of wood make the drying medium in the body internal cavity form convection current, so that the heat that absorbs in the engine cavity by refrigerant makes its rapid cooling.
Wherein, body is provided with the vacuum export mouth that links to each other with vacuum extractor, is used for vacuumizing in by the cavity of vacuum extractor to described body (6) in the described timber process of drying.
Particularly, dress material assembly have base plate and with vertically disposed at least one pair of fixed bar of base plate.Dress material assembly also comprises the parting bead that is used to pile up timber.The boring that flows through for drying medium is set in the parting bead, and the percent opening of holing in this parting bead is 10-80%.
Wherein, heat abstractor comprises circulating fan and first and second groups of radiators; The cavity one end sealing of body, the other end is established closing door to be opened/closed, internal cavities between end sealing and the closing door longitudinally is divided into three sections, interlude is for settling the dress material section of dress material assembly, establish first group of radiator between dress material section and the blind end, establish second group of radiator between dress material section and the described closing door, circulating fan is arranged in abutting connection with first radiator or second group of radiator.
Particularly, dress material section is separated at least two branch chambeies by dividing plate, establishes dress material assembly in each branch chamber, and drying medium forms described convection current in two branch chambeies.
Particularly, when circulating fan was arranged in abutting connection with first group of radiator, circulating fan and described second group of radiator and dividing plate were provided with in line, and first group of radiator is positioned at circulating fan front or front-back.
The advantage applies of Wood drying apparatus of the present invention is in the following areas:
1, the present invention continues heat supply in the mode of convection current to timber by making drying medium, and make the flow direction of drying medium and the vertical consistency of juggle, comparing drying medium flows to and the horizontal consistent mode of heating of juggle, can guarantee along whole material heap section juggle to be heated more equably, promoted the transmission of the vertical moisture of juggle, therefore timber is heated evenly, and timber warm and required time of dry run have significantly been shortened, compare the existing drying of wood time and can significantly shorten, improved the production efficiency of the drying of wood greatly, in addition, moisture in the timber vertically moves along timber, can not increase the moisture gradient of lumber thickness direction, therefore also avoid the lumber thickness direction to change the seasoning defect drying defect that is caused because of moisture gradient.
2, the present invention can pure superheated steam (low temperature) as drying medium, adopt the mode of convection current that timber is continued heat supply, and under controllable vacuum condition, timber is carried out drying, on the one hand, because vacuum action, accelerated moisture the moving of timber inside, and made the moisture boiling vaporization that (generally is lower than 85 ℃) at a lower temperature, avoided the infringement to timber that may cause because of high temperature action for a long time; On the other hand,, utilize superheated steam that bigger exothermic coefficient is arranged, make timber obtain sufficient heat continuously, carry out dry run continuously, overcome the vacuum drying limitation of traditional continuous vacuum drying and batch (-type) owing to can continue heat supply to timber.
3, the water temperature at the present invention place, cooling water inlet of adopting cooling water recirculation system further to reduce to enter condenser, and then improved the efficient of condenser, the steam that impels the drying of wood to form cools off rapidly, has improved the drying efficiency of timber.
4, the present invention has adopted the heating and cooling device, can by heating-cooling device the desiccated wood in the engine cavity be cooled off rapidly after timber drying finishes, and has therefore improved production efficiency greatly.
Brief Description Of Drawings
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of timber dryer of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the front view of the drying device of timber dryer of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the sectional view along A-A line among Fig. 2 of the drying device of timber dryer of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is the vertical view of the drying device of timber dryer of the present invention;
Description of reference numerals: 1. first valve; 2. second valve; 3. cooling fan; 4. cooler; 5. water-ring vacuum pump, 6. body; 7, radiator; 7a. radiator inlet; 7b. radiator outlet; 8. vacuum delivery line; 9. condenser; 10. the 3rd valve; 11. condensate collector, 12. the 4th valves; 13. tubing pump; 14. cooling water tank, 15. the 5th valves; 16. the 6th valve; 17. the 7th valve; 18a. first group of radiator; 18b. second group of radiator; 19. heat-insulation layer; 20. closing door; 21. hold down gag; 22. log-wagons; 23. fixed bar; 24. circulating fan; 25. boring parting bead; 26. dividing plate; 27. material heap; 28. dress material section; 29a. the chamber 1 in first minute; 29b. the chamber 2 in second minute; 30. the arrival end of condenser; 31. the outlet side of condenser; 32. the coolant outlet of cooling water inlet 33. condensers of condenser; 34. the inlet of cooler; 35. the outlet of cooler.
The specific embodiment
Describe specific embodiments of the invention with reference to the accompanying drawings in detail.
As shown in Figure 1, drying equipment of the present invention is made up of drying device, heating and cooling system, vacuum condensation system, cooling water recirculation system.
With reference to Fig. 2,3 and 4, drying device has body 6, and the inwall of body 6 is established heat-insulation layer 19, and inner formation cross section is the cavity of rectangle, the end sealing of cavity, and the other end is established closing door 20 to be opened/closed.Body 6 internal cavities comprise three parts of longitudinally arranging, shown in Fig. 2 and 4, and space between the dress material section 28 in the middle part of promptly comprising, dress material section 28 and the blind end and the space between dress material section 28 and the closing door 20.
Wherein, dress material section 28 is used to settle material heap 27 to be dried, shown in Fig. 3 and 4, dress material section 28 is separated into isometric minute chamber 29a of two cardinal principles longitudinally be arrangeding in parallel and 29b by being positioned at intermediate membrane 26 on body 6 longitudinal centre lines, divides and settles log-wagons 22 among chamber 29a and the 29b; In the space between dress material section 28 and blind end, first group of radiator 18a and circulating fan 24 be arranged in parallel; In the space between dress material section 28 and closing door 20, second group of radiator 18b is set.
Shown in Fig. 2 and 3, log-wagons 22 have the vertical fixing bar 23 that base plate and at least 1 group are arranged on its both sides respectively, connect one deck ground level at the base plate last layer and pile up the material heap, separate by three boring parting beads 25 between layer and the layer, establish vertical boring of a plurality of negotiable drying mediums in each parting bead 25, as shown in Figure 3, the boring percent opening of parting bead is 10%~80%.
Heating and cooling system are arranged in the cavity of body 6 inside, by two groups of radiators is that first group of radiator 18a and second group of radiator 18b form, wherein, second group of radiator 18b is arranged in the space of adorning between material section 28 and the closing door 20, and is positioned on the longitudinal centre line of body 6; First group of radiator 18a and circulating fan 24 are arranged in the space between dress material section 28 and the blind end, circulating fan 24 is positioned on the longitudinal centre line of body 6 substantially, and first group of radiator 18a can comprise two radiators (the one group of radiator that is positioned at circulating fan 24 front sides only is shown among Fig. 4) that lay respectively at circulating fan 24 front and back sides.
Wherein, first group of radiator 18a and second group of radiator 18b have respectively heat supply medium inflow radiator radiator inlet 7a and for by radiator and with the heat exchange of body internal cavity after the radiator outlet 7b (only showing the entrance and exit of first group of radiator among the figure) of medium outflow, the external valve 17 of radiator inlet 7a, the external valve 1 of radiator outlet 7b.
Circulating fan 24 shown in Fig. 4 is in abutting connection with first group of radiator (18a), also it can be arranged in abutting connection with second group of radiator (18b), second group of radiator (18b) can be a radiator that is positioned at the circulating fan front side, also can comprise two radiators that lay respectively at both sides, circulating fan front and back.
Vacuum export mouth 8 is established in the bottom of body 6, and the interior condensation-water drain of vacuum export mouth 8 and body 6 is same outlet.
The vacuum condensation system is positioned at the bottom of drying device, is made up of condenser 9, water-ring vacuum pump 5, condensate collector 11, valve 12, valve 10 and connecting line.Wherein, the arrival end of condenser 9 links to each other with vacuum export mouth 8, the outlet side links to each other with the end of bleeding of water-ring vacuum pump 5, and the condensed water discharge outlet of condenser 9 links to each other with the inlet of condensate collector 11 through valve 12, and the outlet of condensate collector 11 links to each other with valve 10.
Cooling water recirculation system is positioned at a side of drying device, is made up of tubing pump 13, cooler 4, cooling fan 3, cooling water tank 14, valve and connecting line.Wherein cooler 4 is positioned at cooling water tank 14 tops, and cooling fan 3 is positioned at a side of cooler 4; Cooling water tank 14 links to each other by the cooling water inlet of pipeline with condenser 9, the coolant outlet of condenser 9 links to each other with the inlet of tubing pump 13, the outlet of tubing pump 13 links to each other with cooler 4 inlets through valve 15, and the cooling water that is flowed out by cooler 4 outlets flows into cooling water tank 14 by deadweight.
The following describes the course of work of Wood drying apparatus of the present invention.
Adopt diameter range at 8-16cm poplar undersized log, it is sawn into juggle, the length that makes each juggle is 5-15 with the scope of the ratio of its average diameter value, and the moisture content of juggle is 90-100%, adopts vacuum drying of wood device of the present invention according to following steps it to be carried out drying and handles.
1, piling
With Logs of small diameter as requested length block into the juggle of requirement length, then with its longitudinally in layer level be deposited on the base plate of kiln truck 22, separate with parting bead 25 between every layer of juggle, form Logs of small diameter juggle stacking, the kiln truck 22 that will be mounted with Logs of small diameter juggle stacking then pushes the dress material section of body 6 internal cavities, pile up the vertical consistency of the vertical and body 6 of the juggle on kiln truck 22 this moment, then closing door 20 is closed by hold down gag 21.
2, to the timber preheating
Under normal pressure timber is carried out preheating, preheating time: juggle diameter (cm) is 1~2h: 1cm, is that be 10-20 hour the preheating time that the juggle of 10cm then needs as diameter, makes the temperature of juggle reach 65-70 ℃.
ON cycle blower fan 24, and the inlet of the heating agent by first group of radiator 18a and second group of radiator 18b 7a sends into heating agent in first group of radiator 8a is flowed out by heating agent outlet 7b after making heating agent flow through first group of radiator 18a and second group of radiator 18b.The temperature of heating agent is controlled at 90-95 ℃.The heat that effect by circulating fan 24 is distributed first group of radiator 18a and second group of radiator 18b forms the convection current of along continuous straight runs in body 6 cavitys, to quicken the preheating of timber.
3, the drying of wood
By the vacuum condensation system internal cavities of body 6 is vacuumized, with vacuum degree control at-0.08MPa.
Circulating fan 24 is by being positioned at first group of radiator 18a and second group of radiator 18b of dress material section 28 both sides, make pure superheated steam (temperature is about 80-85 ℃) along continuous straight runs flow through the branch chamber 29b that the edge is adorned the cavity between the closing door 20 of the cavity between material section 28 and body 6 blind ends, the branch chamber 29a that piles up juggle, dress material section 28 and body 6 and piled up juggle successively as drying medium, as shown in Figure 4, thereby form the convection current between branch chamber 29a, the 29b longitudinally pile up juggle, by this drying medium with convection type to the juggle heat supply.Because juggle is vertical and body 6 vertical consistencies, the section that therefore makes it possible to pile along whole material equably heats juggle makes its drying; Simultaneously can be under controllable vacuum condition desiccated wood.
When in this way timber being carried out drying, on the one hand, because the effect of vacuum, accelerated moisture, and made moisture be lower than boiling vaporization under 85 ℃ the temperature, avoided the infringement to timber that may cause because of high temperature action for a long time the moving of timber inside; On the other hand, timber is continued heat supply, utilize superheated steam that bigger exothermic coefficient is arranged, make timber obtain sufficient heat continuously, carry out dry run continuously.
At timber in process of vacuum drying, along with the change of environmental pressure makes the inner barometric gradient that forms of timber.Under certain pressure when the timber temperature near or when surpassing the boiling point of the water under the corresponding pressure, water vapour will produce rapidly, barometric gradient causes flowing of water.
Afterwards, according to the correspondence graph of medium temperature, absolute pressure and the wood equilibrium moisture content measured in advance, temperature and absolute pressure numerical value in the control body 6.
4, cooling discharge
When the end of timber is moisture when reaching requirement 8-10%, in heating and cooling system, feed 20 ℃ of condensed waters, make the drying medium in the body internal cavity form convection current, so that the heat that absorbs in the engine cavity by refrigerant makes its rapid cooling.To realize fast prompt drop, discharging when the timber temperature is reduced to below 40 ℃.