CN100575900C - A kind of multifunctional gas wave refrigerating jet stream field displaying apparatus and measuring method - Google Patents
A kind of multifunctional gas wave refrigerating jet stream field displaying apparatus and measuring method Download PDFInfo
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- CN100575900C CN100575900C CN200510200892A CN200510200892A CN100575900C CN 100575900 C CN100575900 C CN 100575900C CN 200510200892 A CN200510200892 A CN 200510200892A CN 200510200892 A CN200510200892 A CN 200510200892A CN 100575900 C CN100575900 C CN 100575900C
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Abstract
A kind of multifunctional gas wave refrigerating jet stream field displaying apparatus and measuring method belong to jet and the swell refrigeration and the survey control technology field of pressed gas.The present invention be a kind of adopt integrated structure theory design can rotate and can static work and be provided with form and can and take the flow field figure picture for observation, can real simulation polytype gas ripple machine works mechanism and performance, for being incorporated into ripple machine flow field survey, advanced instruments such as high precision PIV provide platform, dissimilar machine important parameters are implemented synchro measure, can finely satisfy experimental study to accurate Testing requirement, and can finish various variable working condition, conversion experiment structural member, variable speed, research contents such as gas-liquid two-phase are with a series of important experiments such as optimum matching of implementation structure and parameter.Rational in infrastructure simple, manipulate easy, stable and reliable for performance.The multifunctional gas wave refrigerating that is applicable to replacing condition, conversion research contents shows fields of measurement.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to jet and the swell refrigeration and the survey control technology field of pressed gas.
Background technology
Air wave refrigerating device, Chinese patent 89213744.4 and multi-stage gas wave refrigerator, patent of invention 96115022.X, belong to once and unsteadiness swell refrigeration repeatedly, all be with certain rotational speed with gas medium successively to the receiver pope jet of each endcapped of ring around the body, make the resident gas in the pipe do the unsteadiness work of expansion.Characteristics such as multi-stage gas wave refrigerator is the New Refrigerating equipment of developing on single-stage air wave refrigerating device basis, is applicable to big flow, big die swell ratio operating mode occasion, has the efficient height, and the scope of application is wide.Multitube fluidic oscillation refrigeration machine, obtained utility model patent, patent of invention is waited to be authorized, application number: 200410021388X then is that pressed gas quickens by the stationary nozzle expansion, utilize static gas distributor--with periodic deflection, the jet of sonic oscillator acting in conjunction realization gas, inject to resting period property in the vibration receiver pope of the long endcapped of many radicals rice that the place ahead radiation arranges, to realize the swell refrigeration of gas.Thereby all being hot and cold effects of utilizing the shock wave oscillating tube on the machine to produce, above-mentioned several refrigeration machine reaches the purpose of refrigeration.They all belong to the gas wave refrigerating technical field.During work, the something in common that they had is exactly: the import supplied materials gas that has pressure quickens by nozzle expansion, spray at a high speed by jet expansion, inject off and on successively in the vibration receiver pope of the many endcappeds that the place ahead radiation arranges, gas accepts to inject the pressure energy of gas in managing under the effect of periodicity exciting, and passing through wave system--unsteadiness expand acting and energy conversion are finished in the interaction of shock wave, wave of compression and rarefaction wave, and the adverse effect of eliminating reflected shock wave realizes gas refrigeration.Difference only is on the structure different, air wave refrigerating device and multi-stage gas wave refrigerator nozzle rotate, all be to rely on motor-driven or utilize the pressure reduction of gas to drive the spin of gas distributor Zhao swivel nozzle, with certain rotational speed with gas successively to encircling the receiver pope jet of each circumferential endcapped.Fluidic oscillation refrigeration machine then nozzle is static, is actionless fully from the jet nozzle to the entire machine, does not have any moving component.More than several refrigeration machines all develop by us, usually they are referred to as gas wave refrigerating machinery.
That such refrigerating machine generally all has is simple in structure, manufacturing and operating cost is low, save the energy, simple and convenient operation and maintenance, reliability advantages of higher, fields such as the liquefaction that has been widely used in lighter hydrocarbons recovery in the petroleum gas, gas dehydration and liquefaction, mixed gas at present separates, cold gas stream source and defence and military scientific research.
What introduce previously all is the refrigeration complete machine patented technology that has formed application prospect, the development of above-mentioned technology is to obtain on the basis of a large amount of scientific researches, except will solving the practical problems that in the application process, constantly occurs, still have some mechanism Journal of Sex Research contents to need badly further deeply to inquire at present and solve from now on.For example, setting up real-time measurement of advanced flow field parameter and control platform, then is to improve and one of raising investigative technique and means prerequisite basic experimental conditions.
The research of doing for this type of mechanical movement mechanism in the past often is confined to numerical simulation calculation or finishes content such as partial pressure waveform data collection in refrigeration on the complete machine, can't photograph real flow field image photograph.Because complete machine driving air consumption is big and unstable, be difficult to carry out for experimentize research and analysis-by-synthesis of many factors that influences ripple refrigeration machine efficient, the content that particularly has some to relate to mechanism research, for example: the forming process of the interior various ripples of receiver pope that vibrate; The power of ripple; How is wave intensity? can shock wave form? wave of compression, shock wave, does rarefaction wave form wherein? can reflected shock wave be eliminated fully? can not return the inlet expanding end and reduce refrigerating efficiency? the ripple machine is at different operating conditions, different pressure and die swell ratio, how on earth are performance and efficient under the different rotating speeds? are there there much difference? be different tube diameters and pipe range to the influence of rotating speed and efficient? the optimum matching of structure and operating mode? the fluidic oscillation refrigeration machine is at different structure, jet what state under the function influence of isometric sonic oscillator not? does the size of connecting pipe passage section have much to the influence of efficient actually? how is machine fluidic oscillation frequency? how is the flow field waveform? in the presence of gas-liquid two-phase how about? get the truth in whole flow field clear, in order to disclose wherein velocity field, density field, the formation in temperature field and distribution situation or the like.These all are very valuable and vital about the research contents of mechanism characteristic aspect for the refrigeration performance and the efficient of further raising machine.
Summary of the invention
Purpose of the present invention to provide exactly a kind of rational in infrastructure simple, manipulate easy, stable and reliable for performance, can the real simulation air wave refrigerating device and ripple machine works process such as fluidic oscillation refrigeration machine, reflect that the multifunctional gas wave refrigerating that its serviceability is suitable for changing experimental piece, conversion research contents shows measurement mechanism and method and technology strictly according to the facts.
Technical solution of the present invention is:
● adopt the integrated structure method for designing, take into account the textural element of " air wave refrigerating device " and " fluidic oscillation refrigeration machine ", integrate the version and the characteristics of two kinds of machines.
● work with variform, to finish synchro measure to this type of different machines type important parameter, although the inner structure of two kinds of machines and profile have many differences, for example: the quantity of jet pipe generally is respectively 60-80 and 5-13 root, but the basic structure of crucial cooling module Zhao vibration receiver pope is consistent, is fixed.Marked difference is embodied on the method for operation of nozzle, and the gas wave refrigeration machine nozzle rotates, and the nozzle of fluidic oscillation refrigeration machine is static.The key problem of gas wave refrigerating machinery is the formation situation of gas flow and multiple gases ripple in the shock wave vibration receiver pope.Therefore select wherein that a pipe is a research model, its flow field situation is investigated in analysis, interior flow field situation that can other receiver pope of full appreciation.In view of if can then more measuring the influence of data to it by the tested receiver pope periphery of real simulation receiver pope at several receiver popes of the many installations in the both sides of tested receiver pope.Can know the whole machine flow field of analysis and judgement situation exactly, provide valid data for carrying out Study on Correlative Mechanisms.So the design of this device is got 5 branch flow passages and is connected corresponding receiver pope again.
Technical solution of the present invention also comprises following some architectural feature:
1, can photograph clearly the flow field figure picture when satisfy measuring images acquired to the specific (special) requirements of printing opacity, middle branch flow passage insert optical glass up and down in 5 branch flow passages, in addition in order to reach bearing requirements and to the shooting, collecting image request of injection stream fragment position, optical glass about in the of 38 thickness all get 45-55mm, front end is made stairstepping.Glass and the multiple sealing means of utilization between organism sidewall and the runner on every side prevent that gas from leaking.
2, main body 12 is a plank frame, thickness is 100-120mm, in the upper surface left side one side is that the aperture is Φ 200, the inner chamber circular hole of dark 80mm, to make clearance fit with jet nozzle 11, the right one side milling processes 5 long 500mm, wide 8-10mm, dark 60-80mm cross section is the jet runner 40 of rectangle, and radially distribute, deflection angle between runner is the 7-10 degree, near spacing between the runner of nozzle 11 1 ends is convergent, be and narrow shape and connect with Φ 200 through holes, to the spacing that injects district's one end runner 40 be 2mm, the runner right-hand member is by being that the vibration receiver pope 44 of 4000-6000mm is connected with crossover sub body 42 and length; For avoiding Gas Jet to be obstructed in runner, fittings body 42 inner processing are " old name for the Arabian countries in the Middle East's ground circle " intermediate shape in addition.
3, jet nozzle and rotating shaft are made of one, and rotating disk shaft part 13 is constant, nozzle adopts the form of two kinds of different size structures, wherein a kind of swivel nozzle cylindrical is a solid of revolution, the tolerance clearance of itself and body hole only is 0.08-0.10mm, the jet hole aperture position according to the quantity of jet hole for example two mouthfuls or three mouthfuls evenly distribute; Another kind of state type jet nozzle then cylindrical has half-turn identical with the swivel nozzle excircle dimension, the residing half-turn in addition of jet hole then excircle dimension reduces 10mm, surpass 5mm with the distance of body upper runner, to make sonic oscillator 45 effective performance functions like this, this jet hole is single jet orifice, specifically uses which kind of nozzle to determine according to the needs of research contents.
4, with the inlet and outlet pipeline system combination be parts, wherein comprise a built-in draft tube and outsourcing thermal insulation thermal insulation material, make it pass the bigger outlet cushion chamber of the volumetric spaces center of cover plate up and down, gas outlet picks out from the perforate of cushion chamber chamber sidewall, and its bottom end cover also is the top capping of this device simultaneously, connects valve respectively on the air inlet and exhaust piper in addition, thermometric, pressure tap are set, with control inlet and outlet pressure, constituted intake and exhaust cushion chamber assembly by above parts, see Fig. 7.Wherein bottom end cover 21 is joined to bore with top chock 19 and is processed 4-6 vent port, as passage cryogenic gas is collected in the collecting chamber.And mill out breach near runner form places at these two, for observation injection stream flow field situation.
5, sonic oscillator 45 adopts the structure of scalable cavity volume size, shell is made of single end socket and cylindrical shell, the other end is done capping by the piston mobile ring, this piston ring is provided with the twice O-ring seals, with anti-gas-leak, piston mobile by the drive lead screw band, in the centre position of inner barrel length by three brace rod hold-down nut rings.
6, according to the primary structure characteristics of a few class refrigeration machines, the general frame structure of this device has been determined in design, include: the board-like main body of fluidic oscillation refrigeration machine and the rotary axis of air wave refrigerating device etc., but be that structure needs according to this device have carried out brand-new design fully.
Beneficial effect and benefit that the present invention reached are:
1. can be true, the working mechanism and the process of ripple machines such as authentic simulation air wave refrigerating device, fluidic oscillation refrigeration machine, can carry out the further investigation of aspects such as multiple relevant mechanism, structure, performance.
2. simple in structure, be easy to processing, installation and removal.
3. interchangeability is good, and it is convenient and swift to change experimental piece.
4. have visual function, can observe and take the flow field.
5. measuring point is many, and testable content is many, as: the gas speed in rotating speed, temperature, pressure, flow, the flow field, pressure waveform or the like.
6. the higher-order of oscillation can be realized, the efficient of machine can be guaranteed.
7. flow, pressure and die swell ratio adjustable extent are big.
8. adapt to gas-liquid two-phase operating mode occasion.
9. because of simple in structure, consumption gas, consumption starting material are few, make, use and safeguard easily, so can save reasearch funds.
Description of drawings
The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments.
Fig. 1 is that the multifunctional gas wave refrigerating jet flow field shows the measurement mechanism structural representation.
Fig. 2 is that the multifunctional gas wave refrigerating jet flow field shows the measurement mechanism vertical view.
Fig. 3 is that the flow field shows measurement mechanism main body structural representation.
Fig. 4 is that main body A-A is to cut-open view.
Fig. 5 is that main body B-B is to cut-open view.
Fig. 6 is that main body C-C is to cut-open view.
Fig. 7 is a main body runner A-A cross-section cutaway view.
Fig. 8 is a main body runner B-B cross-section cutaway view.
Fig. 9 is a main body runner C-C cross-section cutaway view.
Figure 10 is a main body runner D-D cross-section cutaway view.
Figure 11 is a twoport swivel nozzle structural representation.
Figure 12 is a twoport swivel nozzle vertical view.
Figure 13 is static single radial cut jet nozzle structural representation.
Figure 14 is static single radial cut jet nozzle vertical view.
Figure 15 is an inlet and outlet cushion chamber assembly structure synoptic diagram.
Figure 16 is a kind of adjustable sonic oscillator structural representation.
Figure 17 is that adjustable sonic oscillator A-A is to cut-open view.
Figure 18 is that the circumference transition connects the briquette structure synoptic diagram.
Figure 19 is that the circumference transition connects briquetting A-A to cut-open view.
Figure 20 is a shock wave oscillating tube refrigerating method schematic diagram.
Figure 21 is a shock wave oscillating tube refrigerating method schematic diagram.
Among the figure: 1. counting gear, 2. tachogenerator, 3. small pulley, 4. bottom cover, 5. reinforced seal, 6.O shape O-ring seal, 7. bearing outer ring pressure cap, 8. lower bearing, 9.O the shape O-ring seal, 10. step, 11. nozzle shaft parts, 12. board-like main bodies, 13. the rotating disk shaft part, 14. airtight and watertight paddings, 15. pressure caps, 16. sealing gaskets, 17. head bearing, 18. bearing inner race pressure caps, 19. top chocks, 20.O shape O-ring seal, 21. flange, 22. studs assemblies, 23. cylindrical shells, 24. gas outlets, 25. discharge control valve, 26. outlet temperature probes, 27. pressure gauge stands, 28. draft tube, 29. air intake control valves, 30. draft tube, 31. the airtight and watertight padding part, 32. briquettings, 33. top chock breach, 34. seal trim strip, 35. flexible graphite packings, 36. sealing offset plates, 37. the glass gland, 38. optical glass, 39. housing screws, 40. rectangularl runner, 41. end face pads, 42. jointing assemblies, 43. the circumference transition connects briquetting, 44. vibration receiver popes, 45, sonic oscillator, 46. runner welding sealing batten, 47. motors, 48. rubber slabs.
Embodiment
See Fig. 1, implement a kind of multifunctional gas wave refrigerating jet of the present invention flow field demonstration measurement mechanism and mainly partly form by vibration receiver pope 44, main body 12, top chock 19, rotating disk shaft part 13, jet nozzle 11, optical glass 38 and sonic oscillator 45 etc.Main body 12 is to be processed into by the sheet metal that is of a size of 100-120mm thickness, body upper processes a dark 70mm downwards apart from the center of left side end line 160mm, the circular chamber of diameter of phi 200mm, place rotation or stationary nozzle 11 to cooperate, the bottom then processes the circular hole of a Φ 40, axle head for nozzle shaft part 11 stretches out, by key connecting the subassembly that is integrated by small belt pulley and the fast gear 1 of meter is installed on the axle head, counting gear 1 is made up of 60 teeth, pressing modulus m=2 makes, big belt pulley is installed on the motor shaft, motor drives the device main axis rotation by belt gear, for change bearing for convenience detach be provided with on, following two bearing seats 19,10 are connected with main body 12 by bolt respectively.On top chock 19, air inlet and gas discharge pipe system are made in aggregates, it is one and comprises the cushion chamber aggregate that built-in draft tube 30, thermal insulation thermal insulation material, flange 21, cylindrical shell 23 and gas outlet 24 etc. constitute, see Figure 15 assembly structure chart for details, all finish between each part in these parts by welding production.Flange 21 is connected with top chock 19 by bolt in this parts assembly, and setting pressure table behind the welding coil pipe on the draft tube 30, and boring hank knotting installation temperature probe also are connected with air intake control valve 29 by screw thread.On the gas outlet 24 also with the same tensimeter, temperature probe and the drain tap 25 of connecting in an identical manner of draft tube.Nozzle shaft part 11 and rotating disk shaft part 13 are connected by bolt, cooperate form the internal shunt chamber and serve as the Gas Jet divider in, also constituted the main shaft of this device.This rotating shaft piece is made to supporting with upper and lower each sleeve, and Bearing Installation is placed in upper and lower two bearing blocks 19,10, and lower bearing takes inside and outside circle to compress respectively, and head bearing then only compresses inner ring, makes bearing leave certain clearance.Rotating disk shaft part 13 is one section tubular shaft, topmost is the air inlet port, gas at normal temperature without refrigeration enters the chamber of being made up of rotating disk shaft part 13 and nozzle shaft part 11 through static draft tube 30 and imported valve 29, nozzle shaft part 11 has two kinds of different dimensional structures, the swivel nozzle structure of one of them jet experiment that rotates is seen Figure 11, Figure 12, cylindrical upper shed number has respectively: two mouthfuls, three mouthfuls or many degree of lip-roundings formula, the circumference angular distribution is divided equally by open amount, the injection stream mouth from inside to outside make shrinkage type and with certain drift angle.When doing the experiment of static jet then nozzle arrangements see Figure 13 and Figure 14, the injection stream mouth adopts Laval nozzle, also is scaling type or straight opening pattern, nozzle diameter size and shape are determined according to the needs of flow and research contents.Cooperate the connection place to be provided with the sealing of various ways at the device critical part, wherein flange 21 and top chock 19, bottom end cover 4 and step 10, seal with O ring is all adopted in being connected between nozzle shaft part 11 and rotating disk shaft part 13 and step and the body 12, put into detent by the asbestos rubber pad between top chock 19 and the main body 12 and compress sealing, because insert glass and form in the middle of the body 12, penetrate in order to want to photograph jet hole, enter runner this crucial flow field figure picture of moment, must open the observation breach on the position relative on the circumference of bearing seat 19 and flange 21 2 parts with form, leave long 55mm on bearing seat 19 circumference, wide is 35mm and penetrating up and down breach, this asbestos pad is not a complete ring gasket, but when arriving the form position, disconnect, the sealing of its vacancy is compressed airtight and watertight padding part 31 and is compressed flexible graphite packing 35 by press strip 34 by briquetting 32 respectively and finishes.Compress the filling block of being made by flexible graphite material at top chock 19 inner bearings below by union cap (UC) and seal, bearing inner race is also compressed by union cap (UC), is provided with in the end cap of lower bearing bottom and has selected reinforced seal 5 for use, leaks from the bottom to prevent gas.One section axial labyrinth seal of the bottom of built-in draft tube 30 processing in cushion chamber assembly assembly cooperates to reach by the sound between the rotation of the static of this part and rotating disk shaft part 13 and blocks air-flow and enter the sealing purpose that top chock 19 washes away the railway grease in the bearing.The structure on main body 12 right sides then is that the surface mills out 5 downwards respectively and longly is 500mm, wide for 8-10mm, deeply for 60-80mm from it, this size except that runner, also comprise from top install downwards inlay the strip of paper used for sealing size, the cross section is the runner 40 of rectangle, Fig. 2 is this device vertical view, the runner population distribution is divergent shape among the figure, deflection angle is generally 7-10 °, near spacing between the runner of nozzle one end is convergent, the spacing of the nearly nozzle of runner 11 1 end terminations is 1-2mm, is wedge between each runner and narrows shape.The wide spacing of body tail end is definite with the connection oscillating tube for arranging that jointing 42 and circumference transition are connected briquetting 43, and close head one end spacing is little helps then realizing that injection stream is smooth and easy continuously.It is that the flow field situation of this segment length is complicated and very important that the body runner processing becomes the reason of square-section, to photograph flow field figure picture clearly, and the pipe material is owing to be subject to structure and can't satisfy the requirement of flow field sharpness, Gu be not used.Because of measuring the flow field fluctuating picture and the gas flow rate of different parts in the jet process by PIV proton imaging velocity field instrument or laser dopper flowmeter high-speed camera and hot-wire anemometer, so select a runner wherein placed in the middle as the usefulness of measuring images acquired, this measures runner printing opacity up and down, so up and down must insert optical glass, so this position need be milled on the main body 12 plate faces, because runner is 5, and insert optical glass was set up form about usefulness of doing measurement needed in the middle of it, to satisfy the printing opacity requirement, and all the other only make auxiliary usefulness, to simulate adjacent each runner to the issuable influence of testing tube.Sealing between optical glass and body and the runner top and bottom is extremely important and crucial, the concrete comparatively complexity of implementing.Method is as follows, sees Fig. 7-Figure 10, and each bar runner is a panel location usefulness of specializing in welding encapsulation runner except that middle inside all processes the single order halfpace, and so as to guaranteeing the flow channel depth size.The width of the optical glass of rectangularl runner upper and lower surface is all got 30mm, thickness is got 45-55mm, the sipes of an insert optical glass of unique processing below the body, do not process four runners in addition, groove slightly is wider than glass, the gap of vacating is as sealing, on optical glass and the runner that touched between the plane all by being coated with the anaerobic sealer sealing, can remove when dismantling because of this glue.If glass and body runner etc. are located directly to contact, then can collaborate between the runner causes sealing and influences the flow field.Sealing between glass and organism sidewall then is to finish by offset plate, soft graphite, press strip, cover plate, during concrete the installation optical glass 38 and offset plate 36 are sent into runner from runner tail end one side together, all to be coated with fluid sealant between offset plate 36 and optical glass and organism sidewall, filling flexible graphite 35 on the offset plate, put into press strip 34 again, put seal gasket on the face, at last that cover plate 37 usefulness bolts 39 are fastening, such installation method can be realized regular dismounting cleaning glass and runner.Because runner is by body upper processing downwards, many runners are asymptotic to converge mutually because of having on runner top, so make the process of insert glass and seal than the bottom complexity.The installation of glass and seal except that the glass below runner install identical, also relate to and the cooperating and sealing of peripheral many branch flow passages, the runner quantity that different parts is run into is different with the runner strip of paper used for sealing width of inlaying welding, so must do to cooperate processing by hand lapping, see specifically that the different parts local section cuts open figure in the runner for details, i.e. Fig. 7-Figure 10.Because of runner longer, 500mm is arranged, can't drill through from body one end, so take except that middle runner mills, all the other runners all from the body the plane climb milling be machined to runner and end, again with runner welding sealing batten 46 welded closure, body runner upper edge and runner welding sealing batten 46 must be processed bevel for welding respectively, put down after welding is finished at last.The runner of insert glass will be processed one and is connected the groove breach that briquetting 43 matches with transition in the middle of the body right-hand member correspondence, so that this connection briquetting to be installed, make runner carry out the transition to circle by rectangle, make inside form " old name for the Arabian countries in the Middle East's ground circle " shape, be connected by the vibration receiver pope 44 of detachable connector body 42 again with circle; Receiver pope length is generally chosen between 4000-6000mm, and every thereon interval 150mm installs the pressure and temperature sensor of some.Caliber and pipe range must determine and conversion that these all can adjust change at any time according to requirement of experiment by parameters such as nozzle diameter, treatment capacity, gas velocities.This machine receiver pope material is chosen and will be taken into account and satisfy heat conduction, heat transfer property and requirement of strength, generally is advisable with copper tube or weldless steel tube, takes to draw in and leave arranging of interval and is fastened on the frame, to reduce to take up an area of the space.
Measuring method and technology
Device of the present invention and technology can be finished such as conversion machine construction, nozzle diameter size, become structure and the important experiments of a series of combinations matches such as size, change pressure working condition and die swell ratio that pipe range, caliber, conversion bend pipe position, shock wave oscillating tube rear portion reduced pipe connect conversion, change the reflected shock wave absorbing cavity.Each different parts by a receiver pope in tube bank is installed the temperature and pressure sensor, just can gather the pressure waveform and the temperature data that obtain these key positions.Its outstanding design shows:
● first high precision PIV laser imager also is equipped with senior scientific instrument such as the first and then complete system management software, high-res CCD system, hot-wire anemometer and is incorporated on the ripple machine research/development platform, in the hope of taking the transient flow field picture under the variable working condition condition in real time, measure the gas velocity of different parts in the flow field, survey the characteristics of motion that shock wave takes place, develops.● because rotating speed is very big to the effectiveness affects of ripple machine, thereby the experiment content of variable speed is extremely important, this device can use frequency modulator to regulate rotating speed of motor, also can read actual speed in conjunction with sensor for countering by counting gear, so just, can be under the constant situation of other duty parameters, study under conditions such as different die swell ratios rotating speed to the influence of refrigerating efficiency by regulating rotating speed, to obtain valuable data such as optimum speed.● also can there be the influence of stream field under the situation at gas-liquid two-phase with check by adding such as media such as liquid phases.After stating function in realization, then utilize this device both can greatly improve experimental study efficient, can satisfy multitask, the accurate measurement requirement of multiple goal again, provide support and guarantee for carrying out the fundamental research of ripple machine problem smoothly.Simultaneously, the research work to other association area possesses popularization and reference value.Therefore, from investigating method aspect, its meaning is fairly obvious.
The measurement procedure of the rotatable gas ripple machine of this device simulation is by the small pulley on the big belt pulley drive device main shaft of installing on it by motor, and then the swivel nozzle on the drive main shaft distributes jet, the speed of mainshaft is recently determined by belt gear, overall speed adjustable range is at 500-9000rpm, thereby can contain a plurality of optimum speed sections, when axle with nozzle during with the rotation of motor-driven belt crop rotation different rotation rates, rotating speed is regulated control by frequency modulator, also can be by being fixed on the signal that main body 12 following tachogenerator 2 count pick up gears 1 provide, read tachometer value by tachometer gage again, the value of reading with the demonstration of verification frequency modulator, because rotating speed is very big to the effectiveness affects of ripple machine, thereby the experiment content of variable speed is extremely important, method means by this kind frequency control just can be under the constant situation of other duty parameters, studies under conditions such as different die swell ratios rotating speed to the influence of refrigerating efficiency by regulating rotating speed, to obtain valuable data such as optimum speed.This device can be implemented in many efficiency factors that influences and exist down, only change wherein a kind of factor or a kind of working condition respectively, and the other factors condition does not all change, to finish research quest projects content, for example: only change rotating speed or frequency, and pressure, die swell ratio, nozzle form bore, receiver pope pipe range, caliber etc. all do not change, how the flow field changes, and efficiency curve how.The concrete operations step is: at first regulate the frequency modulator starter motor, driving device main shaft and nozzle rotates, and then priority is opened row, the air intake valve of installing on the inlet and outlet cushion chamber assembly, must open vent valve earlier, can regulate the import and export valve as required in the experiment, to change pressure and die swell ratio, import and export pressure is read by the tensimeter that is contained on the import and export pipe, and corresponding temperature value is then read through thermometer by the temperature sensor that is contained on the import and export pipe.Gas at normal temperature without refrigeration enters the chamber of being made up of rotating disk shaft part 13 and nozzle shaft part 11 that is rotating through static draft tube 30, being injected into to the pressed gas resting period property that penetrates from jet hole in the body each runner 40 enters in the vibration receiving tube 44 again, because receiving tube is the structure of end sealing, the cryogenic gas after refrigeration that goes out from the receiving tube internal return then flows to low-pressure chamber between the space, upper end by nozzle, its path is to join to bore through top chock 19 and flange 21 to process 4-6 air hole, cryogenic gas is pooled to cushion chamber and collects, and is defeated outside device outlet 24 is discharged again.When formally doing flow field survey control experiment, must in device, add trace particle,, strengthen the flow field signal, photograph gas flow image clearly so that catch with the intensity of light reflection of gas phase media before the enhancing laser camera lens.It is on the pipeline before imported valve 29 a funnel jar to be set that trace particle adds, can increase screw feeder mechanism when needing, dress trace particle in the funnel jar, take over minor valve be housed at the jar end, trace particle adds the air-flow injection access to plant of carrying under one's arms by gravity, and with gas through nozzle inject runner and the vibration receiver pope in and return out, wherein also comprise enter in the middle of a runner that constitutes by upper and lower surface optical glass and body.The refrigeration principle of this type of ripple refrigerating machine mainly all is to realize by interaction and the relation between the gas wave system in runner and the vibration receiver pope, but the course of work in all runners and the vibration receiver pope all summary description is: the moment of each runner of high velocity air directive, original stagnating deposited meeting formation one surface of contact between the gas in live gas of injecting and the runner, and the gas Tuan that this surface of contact can be considered a no quality encourages Fawn; Because surface of contact both sides pressure and speed are all unequal, so this Tuan encourages Fawn and constantly moves forward and backward, when travelling forward, the shock wave of equidirectional motion will appear in the place ahead that Tuan encourages Fawn then, the energy that shock wave produced is better than wave of compression greatly, shock wave produces and arrives inswept part, and gas is compressed continuously, and temperature and pressure raises, through multiply periodic effect, gas temperature raises all the more in the pipe, and by the tube wall heat radiation, finishes energy conversion.Because inject gas to managing interior gas expansion for doing work, so make self total energy decline, temperature reduces.Under the acting in conjunction in gas distributor and fluidic oscillation source, jet deflection stops to emanate in pipe, because the pipe internal pressure is injected gas reverse direction flow outlet spout greater than the pipe external pressure in the pipe, goes out outside the machine to fail after gathering, and finishes a refrigeration cycle.The generation of shock wave is that we wish, because of from the theoretical analysis of energy conservation: temperature is high more on one side, then the another side temperature is just low more, refrigerating efficiency will be high more, if but receiver pope tail end reducing not, directly sealing, then gas is met Gu Bi and can be produced reflected shock wave, and reflected shock wave can be passed the part heat back the mouth of pipe, offsets the temperature drop after part is freezed, cause efficient to reduce, this is that we are reluctant to see, so installed the shock wave absorbing cavity additional at the receiver pope tail end, promptly is the reducing hollow tubular of sudden expansion, to absorb reflected shock wave, improve the machine refrigerating efficiency.Because the internal structure external structure of all vibration receiver popes that distribute around such ripple machine body is all identical, thereby the flow field situation of the wherein any vibration receiver pope of analysis all can reflect the flow condition in all the other receiver popes on the machine, the adding of trace particle, make the gas wave system in runner and the vibration receiver pope, refer to: wave of compression, shock wave, flow field flow signals such as the motion of rarefaction wave and reflected shock wave are strengthened, be located at the position of the PIV proton imaging velocity field instrument camera lens on the body upper glass vision panel by adjusting bracket, height distance, aperture focal length and the oblique angle of passing the LASER Light Source of following glass vision panel, adjust best position and angle, avoid LASER Light Source to damage the critical component of exact instrument, this instrument can be with the shape in flow field in the runner, the shape of ripple, presenting and be filmed strictly according to the facts such as the distribution of air-flow.In addition, the branch flow passage of selection except that intermediate flow channel, use the hot-wire anemometer two pointer type sensing probe that inserts and encapsulate every the 150mm punching to gather the gas velocity signal, at another root runner and pressure transducer and the thermocouple temperature sensor of Guan Shangyong every the relative installation of 150mm difference, to gather pressure signal and temperature signal, pressure signal is input to the pressure waveform that can obtain each point behind the 32 channel multi-functional data analyzers by charge amplifier, temperature signal is then made the temperature distribution history of each point by the processing of computing machine, also must measure the temperature of receiver pope wall each point with the contact type temperature measuring instrument.Some key position at device is provided with measuring point and measures in addition, as: emanate mouthful and the runner gap location at nozzle, this position is the minimum temperature point, gathers the temperature at this place with temperature probe.There is the influence of stream field under the situation in the gas-liquid two-phase of often running in engineering for simplation examination, inserts the mist jet pump of independent research at the device portal place, by adding other liquid medium, takes and obtain flow field image and measurement data under this state.The by-pass valve control of two sonic oscillators must be closed during the jet that rotates experiment.
Finish and realize the operation and the surveying work of state type jet, the oscillation frequency of guide sound oscillator is also promptly guaranteed reliable fluidic oscillation source effectively, and this is the basis and the prerequisite of this device operate as normal.Concrete process and the operation of implementing is that motor is cut off, change nozzle, rotating disk shaft part 13 uses always and need not to change, as long as the static jet nozzle of single radial cut is changed, and adjust rotating shaft jet expansion is aimed at one middle in the runner, fixedly make its transfixion, the operation control of preparation before the ventilation and exhaust, air intake valve is the same with the rotation gas wave machine of narrating previously operation, and gas enters into jet in the static nozzle.Be provided with two split channels in the both sides of main body 12 and be connected with two sonic oscillators 45, this is that two air feed flow to the passage that returns, and the angle symmetry of two split channel center lines and middle jet nozzle center line is all the 65-75 degree; And respectively with body in chamber UNICOM, open the operation valve on two sonic oscillator 45 connecting pipes in body both sides during work, by regulating and note the aperture of valve, also be latus rectum, make sonic oscillator work, in order to change the size of frequency.Fill by constantly entering and accumulate in air-flow in the container chamber, row's effect realizes the control to jet, it constantly switched and mop up.In this type of jet engineering, must there be the fluctuating signal of fluid to produce and require control effectively, can excite the principle that produces pulsating wave according to motion gas in cavity volume and ducted response and propagation characteristic, in the development and design of vibration and fluidic, must guarantee to export fluid capacitance as far as possible and make the flow resistance influence be reduced to minimum requirement, can realize the higher-order of oscillation by our sonic oscillator of exploitation, oscillation frequency can reach 500-700Hz, can spontaneous generation pressure fluctuation signal, under this fluctuating signal effect, by static jet nozzle and sonic oscillator acting in conjunction and utilize the attached wall of fluid in the attached wall elements of bistable, switching characteristic, can make from the air-flow of nozzle ejaculation and periodically between two sonic oscillators, mop up back and forth, to realize the periodic deflection of air-flow, jet is intermittently injected in the uniform on every side vibration receiver pope with certain jet frequency.In fact the handoff procedure of fluidic oscillation is also finished fully automatically, and in the semiperiod of injecting, the circulating air in the compressional oscillation pipe in the non-semiperiod of injecting, is discharged oscillating tube between the space of jet, and discharges by the device outlet.The height of receiver pope oscillation frequency is determining the distribution of pipe surface temperature in addition, has influence on simultaneously to what of extraneous distribute heat.In oscillatory process, be accompanied by the variation of gas temperature, simultaneously pipe surface temperature distributes by certain rule gradually from normal temperature, because the film coefficient of heat transfer between gas and pipe is much smaller than the coefficient of heat conductivity between the metallic walls, stable back pipe surface temperature is the definite value along certain curve distribution basically; Because the existence of thermograde, heat is dispersed into the external world in a large number along tube wall, and the part heat axially turns back in the cold air along tube wall simultaneously; Certain fixed point in pipe, near the vibration this point of gas particle, temperature, pressure are periodically transformation.For valuable data and parameters such as the pressure of diverse location in this crucial and important jet cooling module of receiver pope that obtains to vibrate and temperature, with the diverse location on the follow-up vibration receiver pope that is connected one group of a plurality of pressure transducer and temperature sensor have been installed at body jet runner, with collecting temperature and pressure data.Can test multiple novel jet flow element and finish the vibration chamber shape stream field of sonic oscillator or the research of temperature effect influence by this device.Change the shape of sonic oscillator container and the result of study that volume size can change the height of frequency according to us in addition, on this device, first leading screw piston removable frame is applied to designing and developing of sonic oscillator, concrete structure sees Figure 16, Figure 17 for details, and the size that the sonic oscillator volume changes is calculated by the position dimension that moves at oscillator external container measurement piston.This device also can carry out various novel jet flow component tests and carry out the vibration chamber shape stream field of a large amount of relevant sonic oscillators or the research exploration of temperature effect influence.
Claims (10)
1. multifunctional gas wave refrigerating jet stream field displaying apparatus, it is characterized in that, by vibration receiver pope (44), main body (12), top chock (19), rotating disk shaft part (13), jet nozzle, optical glass (38) and sonic oscillator (45) are formed, main body (12) is a plank frame, physical dimension is 780mm * 320mm * 100mm, main body (12) top is provided with a Φ 200mm who places jet nozzle far from the center of left side end line 160mm, the circular chamber of dark 70mm, the circular hole of the Φ 40mm that a solid jet nozzle shaft part (11) of confession stretches out is set below this chamber, the subassembly that the axle head of the jet nozzle shaft part (11) that stretches out is integrated by small pulley (3) and counting gear (1) by key connecting, counting gear (1) is made up of 60 teeth, modulus m=2, big belt pulley is installed on the motor, motor (47) is connected with jet nozzle shaft part (11) by belt, top chock (19) is connected by bolt with the part that main body (12) top is provided with Φ 200mm circular chamber, flange (21) is connected with top chock (19) by bolt, go up welding cylindrical shell (23) at flange (21), the plectane of a middle perforate of welding on cylindrical shell (23), be inserted in the centre and the outsourcing thermal insulation thermal insulation material of flange (21) and plectane in the draft tube (30), gas outlet (24) is from the side-wall hole welding of cylindrical shell (23), by flange (21), cylindrical shell (23), draft tube (30), gas outlet (24) and plectane constitute the cushion chamber assembly, flange (21) is connected with top chock (19) by bolt, and two are provided with 4 ~ 6 vent ports together, the bottom of built-in draft tube (30) is provided with one section axial labyrinth seal in cushion chamber assembly assembly, and air intake control valve (29) is connected with the draft tube (30) that is provided with tensimeter and temperature probe; Discharge control valve (25) is connected with the gas outlet (24) that is provided with tensimeter and temperature probe; Jet nozzle shaft part (11) is connected by bolt with rotating disk shaft part (13), constituted the main shaft of this device, this rotating shaft piece is made to supporting with upper and lower each sleeve, bearing is installed respectively and is placed in top chock (19), the step (10), lower bearing takes inside and outside circle to compress respectively, and head bearing then only compresses inner ring; Rotating disk shaft part (13) is one section tubular shaft, jet nozzle shaft part (11) bottom is one section solid shaft, two interpolation types cooperate the shunting chamber that has constituted an inside thus, what be provided with in device is sealed with: flange (21) and top chock (19), bottom cover (4) and step (10), seal with O ring is all adopted in being connected between jet nozzle shaft part (11) and rotating disk shaft part (13) and step and the main body (12), seal by compressing the asbestos rubber pad that is embedded in the detent between top chock (19) and the main body (12), owing to have long 55mm on top chock (19) circumference, wide is 35mm and penetrating up and down breach, this asbestos pad is an annular gasket separated in, the sealing on its plane, vacancy compresses flexible graphite packing (35) by glass gland (37) and seal trim strip (34) and finishes, and the sealing of side compresses airtight and watertight padding part (31) by briquetting (32) and finishes; In top chock (19) inside one platform is arranged bottom,, compress sealing by pressure cap (15) in the above, compress the inner ring of head bearing (17) in addition by bearing inner race pressure cap (18), reinforced seal (5) is set in bottom cover (4) to accept airtight and watertight padding (14); The structure on main body (12) right side is to be provided with the long 500mm that 5 cross sections are rectangle, the rectangularl runner (40) of wide 8 ~ 10mm, dark 60 ~ 80mm, outside the middle elimination, all is provided with the single order halfpace in each bar runner; The runner population distribution is divergent shape, deflection angle between runner is 7 ~ 10 degree, near spacing between the runner of jet nozzle one end is convergent, be and narrow shape and connect with Φ 200mm through hole, the spacing of runner close-range shot flow nozzle one end is 1 ~ 2mm, insert optical glass about in the of one between in 5 branch flow passages, merely hitting, a middle branch flow passage is penetrating, main body (12) lower surface is upwards only processed a glass insert groove, main body (12) runner upper edge and runner welding sealing batten (46) must leave bevel for welding respectively, weld sealing batten (46) welded closure with runner, optical glass (38) thickness up and down is 45 ~ 55mm, width is 30mm, front end is made stairstepping, the sealing of glass between main body (12) specifically is that optical glass (38) and sealing offset plate (36) are installed, all to be coated with fluid sealant between sealing offset plate (36) and optical glass (38) and main body (12) sidewall, sealing offset plate (36) is gone up filling flexible graphite packing (35), put into seal trim strip (34) again, put seal gasket on the face, use bolt (39) that glass gland (37) is fastening at last; Arrange that transition is connected briquetting (43) to connect oscillating tube to jointing assembly (42) with circumference, the spacing of main body (12) tail end is wider than front end, the corresponding intermediate flow channel of main body (12) right-hand member be provided with one with have an area of transition and be connected the groove breach that briquetting (43) matches, this connection briquetting is installed, and the circumference transition connects the inner processing of briquetting (43) and is " old name for the Arabian countries in the Middle East's ground circle " intermediate shape; Be connected by the vibration receiver pope (44) of dismountable jointing assembly (42) again with circle; Vibration receiver pope (44) length is 4000 ~ 6000mm, and the receiver pope of selecting a branch flow passage and linking to each other in the runner that optical glass (38) are not installed, and descends the every interval 150mm in two sides that one group of pressure and temperature sensor is installed thereon.
2. a kind of multifunctional gas wave refrigerating jet stream field displaying apparatus according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, sonic oscillator (a 45) shell part is made by single ellipse head and cylindrical shell welding, cylindrical shell directly is of a size of Φ 219mm * 5mm, high 800mm, another part are that an end of container chamber is to do capping by the piston ring that can move, and this piston ring is provided with twice " O " shape O-ring seal, piston is connected with drive lead screw, welding three brace rod hold-down nut rings in distance one end 400mm place in the cylindrical shell.
3. a kind of multifunctional gas wave refrigerating jet stream field displaying apparatus according to claim 1 is characterized in that jet nozzle is a swivel nozzle.
4. a kind of multifunctional gas wave refrigerating jet stream field displaying apparatus according to claim 1 is characterized in that jet nozzle is a stationary nozzle.
5. a kind of multifunctional gas wave refrigerating jet stream field displaying apparatus according to claim 1 is characterized in that, circular chamber and jet nozzle on the main body (12) are made clearance fit.
6. a kind of multifunctional gas wave refrigerating jet stream field displaying apparatus according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the jet nozzle cylindrical is a solid of revolution, and the monolateral tolerance clearance in itself and the interior Φ 200mm of main body (12) hole only is 0.08 ~ 0.10mm, and the jet hole aperture position evenly distributes; That the shape of the swivel nozzle jet orifice of the jet that rotates experiment has is square, rectangle or circle, and the single port areal extent is at 25 ~ 400mm
2, shrinkage type is made and with the drift angles of 5 ~ 18 degree by throat in the jet nozzle.
7. a kind of multifunctional gas wave refrigerating jet stream field displaying apparatus according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the jet orifice of jet nozzle adopts Laval nozzle or straight opening pattern, its cylindrical has half-turn identical with the swivel nozzle excircle dimension, the residing half-turn in addition of jet hole then outside diameter size reduces 10mm, with the distance of body upper runner be 5.08 ~ 5.10mm, and jet hole is single jet orifice.
8. the method for using the described a kind of multifunctional gas wave refrigerating jet stream field displaying apparatus of claim 1 to measure, it is characterized in that, be to rotate by belt gear drive unit main shaft by motor (47), and then the jet nozzle on the drive main shaft distributes jet, the regional extent that the speed of mainshaft is big is determined by the belt gear ratio, ratio of gear n=0.5 ~ 3.5, the overall range of speeds is at 500 ~ 9000rpm, rotating speed is regulated control by frequency modulator, frequency modulator liquid crystal display display frequency numerical value, in addition by being fixed on the signal that following tachogenerator (2) the count pick up gear (1) of main body (12) provides, read tachometer value by tachometer gage again, by the value of reading of conversion verification frequency modulator demonstration.
9. method according to claim 8, it is characterized in that, when experiments of measuring begins, at first regulate frequency modulator starter motor (47), driving device main shaft and jet nozzle rotates, open discharge control valve (25) then earlier, open air intake control valve (29) again, adjusting is advanced, drain tap, make inlet pressure gauge show 0.6MPa, delivery gauge shows 0.1MPa, this moment, die swell ratio was 3.5, the normal temperature pressed gas enters the chamber of being made up of rotating disk shaft part (13) and jet nozzle bearing (11) that is rotating through static draft tube (30), the pressed gas that penetrates from the jet nozzle jet hole intermittently and periodically be injected in the body each rectangularl runner (40) and enter in the vibration receiver pope (44), because vibration receiver pope (44) pipe end seals, the cryogenic gas after refrigeration that goes out from vibration receiver pope (44) internal return then passes through jet nozzle upper end and side gap, 4 ~ 6 vent ports that communicate with flange (21) through top chock (19) are pooled to cushion chamber after gas outlet (24) is discharged again; This moment, intake air temperature was read through thermometer by the temperature sensor that is installed on the draft tube (30); Delivery temperature is transformed into thermometer and reads by being installed in outlet temperature probe (26) on the gas outlet (24); When doing flow field survey control experiment, must in device, add trace particle, on the preceding pipeline of air intake control valve (29), a funnel jar is set, splendid attire trace particle in the funnel jar, go up the valve of installing by taking at the bottom of the regulating tank, the control injection rate IR, trace particle adds the air-flow injection by gravity and carries access to plant, and with gas in jet nozzle is injected each runner and vibration receiver pope (44) and return out, wherein also comprise entering the runner that the upper and lower surface glass vision panel is housed in centre; The adding of trace particle, make the wave of compression in runner and the vibration receiver pope, shock wave, the mobile heliogram in the flow fields such as motion of rarefaction wave and reflected shock wave strengthens, be located at the position of the PIV proton imaging velocity field instrument camera lens on main body (12) the top glass form by adjusting bracket, highly, distance, aperture focal length and the oblique angle of passing the LASER Light Source of following glass vision panel, adjust best position and angle, this instrument is with flow field situation in the runner, the shape of ripple, presenting and be filmed strictly according to the facts such as the distribution of air-flow, the branch flow passage of selection except that intermediate flow channel, the hot-wire anemometer two pointer type sensing probe that employing is inserted and encapsulated every the 150mm punching is gathered the gas velocity signal, select another root runner and pipe to go up every 150mm relative setting pressure sensor of difference and thermocouple temperature sensor, to gather pressure signal and temperature signal, pressure signal passes through the pressure waveform that computing machine can collect each point after being input to the channel multi-functional data analyzer by charge amplifier again, temperature signal then obtains the temperature distribution history of each point by the processing of computing machine, measure the temperature of receiver pope wall each point with the contact type temperature measuring instrument; At the jet hole and the runner gap location of jet nozzle, gather the temperature data at this place with temperature probe; Insert mist jet pump at the device portal place, inject liquid medium, make gas-liquid mixed abundant, with the influence of existing of experiment gas-liquid two phase medium forms machine cold-thermal effect and efficient; By spraying into the method for coloured smoke, be beneficial to take and obtain flow field image and measurement data; The switching control pilot door of two sonic oscillators is closed during the jet that rotates experiment.
10. method according to claim 8, it is characterized in that, realize the operation and the measurement of static jet, be that motor is cut off, the static jet nozzle of single radial cut is changed, and adjust rotating shaft jet expansion is aimed at one that mediates in the runner, fixedly making its transfixion, gas enters into jet in the static nozzle; Operation valve on gas jet front opening body two sonic oscillators in both sides (45) connecting pipe makes sonic oscillator work by the aperture of regulating and note valve, in order to change the size of frequency; Continuously switch back and forth and mop up by constantly having the acoustic response that the effect of changing produces of filling, tease and ridicule that newly enters to realize control, jet being presented jet with accumulating in original air-flow in the container chamber.
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2005
- 2005-12-30 CN CN200510200892A patent/CN100575900C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20190162452A1 (en) * | 2017-11-13 | 2019-05-30 | Dalian University Of Technology | Gas wave refrigerator |
| US11149990B2 (en) * | 2017-11-13 | 2021-10-19 | Dalian University Of Technology | Gas wave refrigerator |
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| CN101097167A (en) | 2008-01-02 |
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