CN100572984C - The ammonia refrigeration system of lossless recycling lubricating oil - Google Patents
The ammonia refrigeration system of lossless recycling lubricating oil Download PDFInfo
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- CN100572984C CN100572984C CNB2005101024964A CN200510102496A CN100572984C CN 100572984 C CN100572984 C CN 100572984C CN B2005101024964 A CNB2005101024964 A CN B2005101024964A CN 200510102496 A CN200510102496 A CN 200510102496A CN 100572984 C CN100572984 C CN 100572984C
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- ammoniacal liquor
- condenser
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of ammonia refrigeration system of lossless recycling lubricating oil.The objective of the invention is to improve lubricating oil and ammoniacal liquor separation degree.Ammonia refrigeration system of the present invention is by comprising the refrigerating circuit formation that compressor (1), condenser (2), liquid receiver (3), evaporimeter (8) and lubricant recovery device are formed at least; Wherein in described condenser (2) downstream, and an ammoniacal liquor subcooler (9) is set between described condenser (2) and liquid receiver (3); Described ammoniacal liquor subcooler (9) is a heat exchanger, and cold excessively through to from the oily ammonia mixed liquor of described condenser (2) makes ammoniacal liquor reduce the solubility of lubricating oil.Be applicable to various refrigeration plants.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to be used to purify in refrigeration plant or the system device of cold-producing medium, specifically, the present invention proposes a kind of device that from ammonia refrigerant, separates lubricating oil.
Background technology
In the prior art, ammonia refrigeration system is by compressor, condenser, liquid receiver, air separator, low pressure recycle bucket, oil catcher, and discharge opeing bucket, evaporimeter, oily ammonia separator are formed, and also are provided with intercooler in the twin-stage compressibility.Described each parts connect by corresponding connecting line by certain processes well known flow process.During work, each assembly of compressor need reduce the wherein temperature of each parts when working on the one hand by lubricating oil, and the wearing and tearing that reduce each parts of lubricating between each parts field of conjugate action are provided on the other hand.The lubricating oil that wherein particularly offers compressor can enter the circulatory system with the ammonia as cold-producing medium.Though lubricating oil is vital to the normal operation of compressor, he can improve the operating efficiency of compressor, can prolong the service life of compressor again.But it is brought into after the refrigeration system but very harmful by ammonia steam.This shows that mainly ammonia is insoluble in lubricating oil, easily forms oily mould in conduct heat table and pipeline, hinders and conducts heat and liquid flow.In low-pressure sections such as circulation bucket and evaporimeters, because temperature is low, oil viscosity is big, accumulates over a long period, and forms thick oil thigh, is difficult to simple removing especially.
Present ammonia refrigeration system, it also is the processing of paying close attention to lubricating oil, many measures have also been taked, such as, use oily ammonia separator the exhaust of compressor to be carried out the separation of ammonia-lubricating oil, use oil catcher to collect the lubricating oil that accumulates in each equipment, separate the ammonia in the lubricating oil therein after, outside system, discharge.
Yet in the actual motion of system, the treatment effect of lubricating oil is also bad.The existing technology of tracing it to its cause is impossible separate fully theoretically, the lubricating oil that injects refrigeration system in the actual motion often is many, the lubricating oil of emitting refrigeration system is few, not only waste a large amount of lubricating oil, and make the interior lubricating oil of refrigeration system accumulate the normal operation of serious harm refrigeration system in a large number.
The lubricating oil of being taken out of from compressor by hot ammonia steam, elder generation is through the refrigerated separation of condenser, enter the liquid receiver precipitated and separated again, Chinese patent literature CN1212354A discloses the applicant and on September 19th, 1997 was the application for a patent for invention of " ammonia refrigeration system of recycling lubricating oil " to a key name of Patent Office of the People's Republic of China's proposition, its main points are to utilize liquid reservoir with the oil-collecting subcooler lubricating oil to be separated, and can reach separating effect preferably.But this liquid reservoir that only relies on is not thorough to the lubricating oil separation of mixing in the ammonia refrigerant to the mechanism that lubricating oil separates with the oil-collecting subcooler, can only separate wherein about 99.9%.And the lubricating oil after separating is not purified, the result of use of this lubricating oil that does not purify is poor.
The applicant has submitted " ammonia refrigeration system of lossless recycling lubricating oil " application for a patent for invention by name on June 19th, 2000 for this reason, this application is awarded patent right on October 27th, 2004, and its patent of invention specification is disclosed among the Chinese patent literature CA1173137C.This system is connected by pipeline by equipment such as compressor, condenser, oil container, liquid reservoir, intercooler, low pressure recycle bucket (or ammonia liquor separator), oil cleaner, oil catcher, discharge opeing bucket, ammonia pump, evaporimeter and various control, indicator elment and forms, the oil catcher of one adding pressure type is installed below low pressure recycle bucket (ammonia liquor separator), one heat exchanger is installed in the discharge opeing bucket, oil cleaner is installed behind compressor.This system still has parts of lubricating oil and enters low-pressure section in long-term use.The applicant finds in experimentation, and this is because the oil-collecting subcooler is arranged in the flow process of liquid reservoir downstream, though there was cold process to take place, lubricating oil has also taken place to separate with ammoniacal liquor.But the time and the place of precipitation are not provided to lubricating oil, but have sent into the low pressure recycle bucket.Low pressure recycle liquid in bucket flow regime complexity does not possess the condition of precipitation fully, has finally flowed into the ammonia pump and the evaporimeter in its downstream, thereby has influenced the operation of system.
In the prior art, the lubricating oil that will be taken out of from compressor by hot ammonia steam, through the refrigerated separation of condenser, the oily ammonia separation method that enters the liquid receiver precipitated and separated more is used earlier.Theoretically, handle lubricating oil in this way, the lubricating oil that can flow into low-pressure section has only that part of dissolving in the ammoniacal liquor, and amount can be minimum, because lubricating oil and ammoniacal liquor are two kinds of immiscible materials.But true really not so, though the amount that flows into has been lacked a lot, after system moves 2000 hours (turning round continuously three months), still can in the horizontal oil catcher of low pressure recycle bucket, find lubricating oil.This explanation still has a certain amount of lubricating oil to enter low-pressure section.According to common understanding, often think that to be that lubricating oil shifts not thorough, or the solubility of lubricating oil in ammoniacal liquor does not resemble theoretical low described.In fact, if do, do not exist lubricating oil to shift halfway problem in strict accordance with the method for patent 00111147.7.Wherein, have only the lubricating oil that is dissolved by ammoniacal liquor to handle.Trace it to its cause and be; usually the ammonia refrigerant through the condenser cooling is in saturation state; and the amino molecule of ammoniacal liquor is in a kind of gas-liquid critical condition under the saturation state; intermolecular force dies down; molecular change ground Showed Very Brisk; just than being easier to enter in the ammoniacal liquor, ammoniacal liquor has the increase of a mutability to other material molecules to the solubility of lubricating oil in this state.
Summary of the invention
For this reason, the objective of the invention is to propose a kind of improved ammonia refrigeration system,, further improve lubricating oil and ammoniacal liquor separation degree, make the lubricating oil that enters low-pressure section level off to zero by reducing the solubility of lubricating oil in the ammoniacal liquor.On the other hand, refrigeration system of the present invention purifies and utilizes lubricating oil by abundant simultaneously, thereby improves the operational effect of refrigeration system, reduces the consumption of lubricating oil.
For achieving the above object, the ammonia refrigeration system of lossless recycling lubricating oil of the present invention constitutes by comprising the refrigerating circuit that compressor, condenser, liquid receiver, evaporimeter and lubricant recovery device form at least; Its technical essential is: in described condenser downstream, and an ammoniacal liquor subcooler is set between described condenser and liquid receiver; This ammoniacal liquor subcooler is a heat exchanger, and cold excessively through to from the oily ammonia mixed liquor of described condenser makes ammoniacal liquor reduce the solubility of lubricating oil, thereby lubricating oil is fully separated with ammoniacal liquor.
In the described loop of described ammonia refrigeration system, also comprise the lubricating oil air processor that is connected described liquid receiver downstream, described lubricating oil air processor comprises a container with lubricating oil inlet and lubricating oil outlet, and the outside of described container is provided with a heating outer room cover; Described lubricating oil inlet is connected with described liquid receiver, and described lubricating oil outlet is connected with described compressor pouring orifice.
Form a cavity between described outer room cover and the described container, described cavity has the combi inlet port that connects described condenser, is used to receive the gaseous mixture in the condenser; Connect the hot ammonia import of the hot ammonia outlet of described compressor, be used to import the hot ammonia of compressor discharge and the heat that utilizes described hot ammonia to carry; And air outlet slit and ammoniacal liquor are from head piece.
Further, also be provided with the pressure-reduction outlet that is connected with the common low pressure recycle bucket that is provided with in the described system on the described container, in order to keep the low pressure in the described container; And the sewage draining exit of illumination holes, peep hole and bottom.
In described lubricating oil air processor, be provided with magnetic field.
Magnetic field in the described lubricating oil air processor is formed by the magnet that is installed in described canister bottom.
In the loop of the position of described lubricating oil air processor, be provided with a filter.
Explanation of technical terms: " cold excessively " mentioned in the present patent application file is relative saturation, finger is under certain pressure, the temperature of ammoniacal liquor reaches the gas-liquid critical-temperature following (just saturation temperature is following) of ammonia, and this moment, ammoniacal liquor was in stable liquid condition.
Technique scheme of the present invention has the following advantages compared to existing technology, the lubricating oil separation rate convergence 100% of ammoniacal liquor before entering evaporimeter and ammonia pump.Stopped the deposition of lubricating oil in evaporimeter and ammonia pump, thereby the heat transfer that has guaranteed evaporimeter and ammonia pump no longer is subjected to the influence of lubricating oil; The separation rate convergence 100% of lubricating oil.Cyclic utilization rate is more than 99%; Power consumption decline 13-20%; New technology has been removed oily ammonia separator, oil catcher, air separator in the past, has increased ammoniacal liquor subcooler and lubricating oil air processor, and the raising of performance does not cause the complexity of system; The fuel consumption of refrigeration compressor is to the not influence of separation rate of lubricating oil.Coefficient of refrigerating performance significantly improves simultaneously, and can realize the recycling of lubricating oil, reduces the consumption of lubricating oil.
Description of drawings
For the easier quilt of content of the present invention is clearly understood, below according to a particular embodiment of the invention and in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, the present invention is further detailed explanation, wherein
Fig. 1 is system's pie graph of first embodiment of the invention;
The structural representation of Fig. 2 subcooler of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is system's pie graph of another embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is the structural representation of lubricating oil air processor of the present invention;
Fig. 5 is system's pie graph of third embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 6 showering spray type structure of condenser of the present invention schematic diagram.
The specific embodiment
Referring to the first embodiment of the present invention shown in Figure 1.In the described ammonia refrigeration system of present embodiment, by compressor 1, condenser 2, liquid receiver 3, air separator, low pressure recycle bucket 5 is installed on the adding pressure type oil catcher 6 below the low pressure recycle bucket 5, distinct devices such as discharge opeing bucket 7, evaporimeter 8 are connected normal known technological process and are connected and composed refrigerating circuit.Wherein, in the refrigerating circuit between described condenser 2 and the described liquid receiver 3, bushing type ammoniacal liquor subcooler 9 is installed.Referring to Fig. 2, described ammoniacal liquor subcooler 9 is the sleeve pipes that combined by interior pipe 10 and outer tube 11, interior pipe 10 is a cooling water pipe, and outer tube 11 is the ammonia pipe, the ammoniacal liquor outlet of the cavity connection condenser 2 that forms between described interior pipe 10 and the described outer tube 11 and the ammoniacal liquor import of liquid receiver 3.The effect of described ammoniacal liquor subcooler 9 be cooling from the high pressure ammoniacal liquor of described condenser 2, utilization be low-temperature cooling water before the cooler condenser, just cooling water is crossed cold ammoniacal liquor heat of cooling ammonia steam more earlier.Described ammoniacal liquor subcooler 9 should be higher than described liquid receiver 2 when installing, and is lower than described condenser 2.Adopt vertical (type) condenser as shown in Figure 2 in the present embodiment, the main still condensation heat ammonia steam of its effect.Present embodiment is used for molten frost in order to obtain purer ammonia steam, has molten white ammonia steam (vapor) outlet in the upper end away from hot ammonia import.The condenser of other form should be in conjunction with the general knowledge specific design in present technique field.During such as the employing evaporative condenser,
Also can be with subcoolerIt is then more simple to be designed to immersion type.
Ammonia is inorganic molecules, and lubricating oil is organic macromolecule, is two kinds of immiscible materials.Lubricating oil is insoluble to ammoniacal liquor and proportion greater than ammoniacal liquor, easily in liquid receiver 3 layering and precipitating in the bottom.This physical property is the root that lubricating oil forms harm in the conventional process flow, but the starting point of ammonia refrigeration system of the present invention.If can with lubricating oil can be in time, from liquid receiver 3, migrate out reliably, just can realize the efficient separation of lubricating oil, and guarantee to flow to the high-purity of the ammoniacal liquor of low pressure.In the running of present embodiment, for single level system, from the hot ammonia steam that carries lubricating oil that compressor 1 comes out, the cooling of process condenser 2 earlier, enter described ammoniacal liquor subcooler 9 afterwards and carried out cold treatment, enter precipitated and separated separation in the described liquid receiver 3 again.Because the physical property between above-mentioned ammonia and the lubricating oil makes the immiscible property between described ammonia and the lubricating oil further strengthen after mistake is cold.And then just can accomplish with lubricating oil can be in time, from the liquid receiver 3 of ammonia and lubricating oil layering and precipitating, migrate out reliably, realize that lubricating oil is in the efficient separation of ammonia.
As shown in Figure 3, in another embodiment of the invention, on basis embodiment illustrated in fig. 1, in the refrigerating circuit in described liquid receiver 3 downstreams, a lubricating oil air processor 12 is set further.As seen from Figure 4, described lubricating oil air processor 12 comprises a canister 13 with lubricating oil inlet 15 and lubricating oil outlet 16, and the outside of described canister 13 is provided with a heating outer room cover 14.Described lubricating oil inlet 15 is connected with described liquid receiver 3, and described lubricating oil outlet 16 is connected with described compressor 1 pouring orifice.Form a cavity 17 between described heating outer room cover 14 and the described canister 13, this cavity 17 has the combi inlet port 18 that connects described condenser 2, is used to receive the gaseous mixture in the condenser 2; Connect the hot ammonia import 19 of the hot ammonia outlet of described compressor 1, be used to import the hot ammonia of described compressor 1 discharge and the heat that utilizes described hot ammonia to carry; And air outlet slit 20 and ammoniacal liquor are from head piece 21.Also be provided with the pressure-reduction outlet 22 that is connected with the common low pressure recycle bucket 5 that is provided with in the described system on the described canister 13, in order to keep the low pressure in the described canister 13; And the sewage draining exit 25 of illumination holes, peep hole and bottom.Magnet 4 by being provided with in described canister 13 bottoms is provided with magnetic field in described lubricating oil air processor 12.
As the described process of first embodiment among Fig. 1, enter described canister 13 from the lubricating oil of liquid receiver, when lubricating oil liquid level in the described liquid receiver 3 arrives when draining the oil the position, wherein Chen Dian lubricating oil enters in the lubricating oil air processor 12.Described illumination holes that is provided with on the described lubricating oil air processor 12 and described peep hole are used for observing the flow velocity of control lubricating oil.Allow a small amount of ammoniacal liquor to enter in the described lubricating oil air processor 12.The excessive ammoniacal liquor of putting into, the low-temperature receiver when both can be used as separation of air can guarantee that also lubricating oil is emitted fully in the liquid receiver 3.In the cavity 17 of described compressor 1 hot ammonia outside canister 13, lubricating oil is heated by hot ammonia, temperature raises, and viscosity diminishes, and helps contamination precipitation.Be formed in the described lubricating oil air processor 12 by the magnet 4 that is installed in described canister 13 bottoms and introduce magnetic field, to promote the precipitation of magnetic impurity.Lubricating oil flows back to described compressor 1 through lubricating oil outlet 16, enters in the described cavity 17 from the gaseous mixture of being made up of air and ammonia of described condenser 2, and lubricated oil cooling but.Ammonia is cooled to liquid through flowing into liquid receiver 3 from head piece 21, and air is concentrated after air outlet slit 20 is emitted.
Further, in the present embodiment, in loop, be provided with a filter 26 in the position of described lubricating oil air processor 12.Can further improve the degree of purity of the lubricating oil after the separation.
Referring to the third embodiment of the present invention shown in Figure 5.In the present embodiment, for two-bed system, by compressor 1, condenser 2, liquid receiver 3, intercooler 27, air separator, low pressure recycle bucket 5 is installed on the adding pressure type oil catcher 6 below the low pressure recycle bucket 5, distinct devices such as discharge opeing bucket 7, evaporimeter 8 connect and compose refrigerating circuit by generally well-known technological process.Wherein in that being installed between condenser 2 and the liquid receiver 3,9, one lubricating oil air processors 12 of ammoniacal liquor subcooler are set in the refrigerating circuit in described liquid receiver 3 downstreams.In the present embodiment, described intercooler 27 is between described liquid receiver 3 and the described lubricating oil air processor 12.The feasible thus lubricating oil from described liquid receiver 3 enters lubricating oil air processor 12 through intercooler 27, be that lubricating oil is not directly to enter lubricating oil air processor 12, but transfer in the intercooler 27 with the feed flow of intercooler 27, the lubricating oil that enters with the hot ammonia steam of middle pressure in intercooler 27 neutralizations combines, be temporarily stored, regularly enter lubricating oil air processor 12 by intercooler 27 again.This processing method can guarantee that lubricating oil does not store in liquid receiver 3, and handled easily.
For the also available same technological process of the system's (not shown) that constitutes by screw compressor.Wherein in the system that constitutes by the screw compressor that economizer is arranged, the lubricating oil of being taken out of from the screw compressor structure by hot high pressure ammonia steam, transfer to the described economizer through a filter that is installed between described liquid receiver and the described economizer from liquid receiver earlier, the return-air with economizer directly flow back in the compressor again.
In the above-described embodiments, because the processing of lubricating oil is no longer relied on oily ammonia separator, it is not essential that the existence of oily ammonia separator becomes ground.Consider that from the utilization rate aspect of simplification system, raising steel new technology is removed after the described oily ammonia separator, the described lubricating oil that enters condenser 2 can increase to some extent.But the temperature height in the condenser 2, the good fluidity of lubricating oil, the formation of oil film can be too not thick, and little to the influence of conducting heat, practice is also supported this viewpoint.For vertical (type) condenser 2 and horizontal condenser 2 almost without any influence.In the above-described embodiments, described condenser 2 can be evaporative condenser or showering spray type condenser.The person of ordinary skill in the field is the enlightenment of the given technology of above-mentioned technological improvement according to the present invention, suitably changes their structure by the design of routine, promptly can reduce the influence of lubricating oil.Referring to Fig. 6, a concrete structure of implementing for described condenser 2, this condenser 2 is formed by connecting to become 1: 75 gradient with horizontal plane by group pipe 23 parallel to each other, every group of pipeline has siphunculus 24 to be communicated with in its end, shower nozzle 28 is arranged at parallel group of pipe 23 tops, described shower nozzle 28 connects cold water inlet, has constituted a typical showering spray type condenser like this.Wherein said water inlet pipe is a sleeve pipe, and the interior pipe 10 of described sleeve pipe is a water pipe, and outer tube 11 is communicated with the liquid outlet of parallel group of pipe, and this sleeve pipe promptly constitutes described subcooler 9 of the present invention.Evaporative condenser structure and showering spray type are basic identical, have just increased force ventilation.
In the described refrigeration system of the foregoing description, low pressure recycle bucket 5 has an adding pressure type oil catcher 6, in order to collect the lubricating oil in the low pressure recycle bucket 5.Based on native system oil, ammonia good separating effect,, can select not keep if consider from the simplification system.
Described discharge opeing bucket 7 in the foregoing description is the canisters for the molten white discharge opeing design of hot ammonia, also can be replaced by low pressure recycle bucket 5 in case of necessity.
Obviously, the above embodiment of the present invention only is for example of the present invention clearly is described, and is not to be qualification to embodiments of the present invention.For those of ordinary skill in the field, can also make other changes in different forms on the basis of the above description.Here need not also can't give exhaustive to all embodiments.And these belong to conspicuous variation or the change that spirit of the present invention extended out and still are among protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. the ammonia refrigeration system of a lossless recycling lubricating oil is made of the refrigerating circuit that comprises compressor (1), condenser (2), liquid receiver (3), evaporimeter (8) and lubricant recovery device at least; It is characterized in that:, and an ammoniacal liquor subcooler (9) is set between described condenser (2) and liquid receiver (3) in described condenser (2) downstream; Described ammoniacal liquor subcooler (9) is a heat exchanger, and cold excessively through to from the oily ammonia mixed liquor of described condenser (2) makes ammoniacal liquor reduce the solubility of lubricating oil; Ammoniacal liquor subcooler (9) is the sleeve pipe that is combined by interior pipe (10) and outer tube (11), interior pipe (10) is a cooling water pipe, outer tube (11) is the ammonia pipe, and the cavity that forms between described interior pipe (10) and the described outer tube (11) connects the ammoniacal liquor outlet of condenser (2) and the ammoniacal liquor import of liquid receiver (3); In described refrigerating circuit, also comprise the lubricating oil air processor (12) that is connected described liquid receiver (3) downstream, described lubricating oil air processor (12) comprises a container (13) with lubricating oil inlet (15) and lubricating oil outlet (16), and the outside of described container (13) is provided with a heating outer room cover (14); Described lubricating oil inlet (15) is connected with described liquid receiver (3), and described lubricating oil outlet (16) is connected with described compressor (1) pouring orifice.
2. the ammonia refrigeration system of lossless recycling lubricating oil according to claim 1, it is characterized in that forming a cavity (17) between described heating outer room cover and the described container (13), the described cavity (17) that forms between described heating outer room cover and the described container (13) has: be connected the combi inlet port (18) of described condenser (2), be used to receive the interior gaseous mixture of condenser (2); Connect the hot ammonia import (19) of the hot ammonia outlet of described compressor (1), be used to import the hot ammonia of compressor (1) discharge and the heat that utilizes described hot ammonia to carry; And air outlet slit (20) and ammoniacal liquor are from head piece (21).
3. the ammonia refrigeration system of lossless recycling lubricating oil according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that being provided with in the described ammonia refrigeration system low pressure recycle bucket (5), described container (13) is provided with the pressure-reduction outlet that is connected with described low pressure recycle bucket (5), in order to keep the low pressure in the described container (13); Described container (13) also is provided with illumination holes, peep hole and is positioned at the sewage draining exit (25) of container (13) bottom.
4. the ammonia refrigeration system of lossless recycling lubricating oil according to claim 1 is characterized in that being provided with magnetic field in described lubricating oil air processor (12).
5。The ammonia refrigeration system of lossless recycling lubricating oil according to claim 4 is characterized in that described magnetic field is formed by the magnet that is installed in described container (13) bottom.
6. the ammonia refrigeration system of lossless recycling lubricating oil according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that being provided with a filter (26) between the described lubricating oil outlet of described lubricating oil air processor (12) and described compressor pouring orifice.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CNB2005101024964A CN100572984C (en) | 2005-02-25 | 2005-09-15 | The ammonia refrigeration system of lossless recycling lubricating oil |
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| CN200510042464 | 2005-02-25 | ||
| CN200510042464.X | 2005-02-25 | ||
| CNB2005101024964A CN100572984C (en) | 2005-02-25 | 2005-09-15 | The ammonia refrigeration system of lossless recycling lubricating oil |
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| CN1825028A CN1825028A (en) | 2006-08-30 |
| CN100572984C true CN100572984C (en) | 2009-12-23 |
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Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
|---|
| "老兵新传"——氨制冷机（续二）. 任金禄.制冷与空调，第1期. 1997 |
| "老兵新传"——氨制冷机（续二）. 任金禄.制冷与空调，第1期. 1997 * |
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Granted publication date: 20091223 Termination date: 20110915 |