CN100571408C - Generate the method and apparatus of 3D rendering - Google Patents

Generate the method and apparatus of 3D rendering Download PDF

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Publication number
CN100571408C
CN100571408C CNB2005800253930A CN200580025393A CN100571408C CN 100571408 C CN100571408 C CN 100571408C CN B2005800253930 A CNB2005800253930 A CN B2005800253930A CN 200580025393 A CN200580025393 A CN 200580025393A CN 100571408 C CN100571408 C CN 100571408C
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screen
module
outgoing
divergence
angle
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CN1989773A (en
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蒂博尔·包洛格
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Abstract

The present invention aims to provide a kind of apparatus and method for that is used to show 3D rendering.Described equipment comprises: a) screen, and the scattering signatures with the angle of depending on is used for optional to ground transmission light; B) screen irradiation system, this screen irradiation system comprises: a plurality of modules that are used to generate a plurality of light beams on each aspect that is incident in screen, these modules are arranged, so that each of screen is put and is shone by a plurality of modules, and an incident beam that module generated is projeced into a plurality of different direction towards a plurality of different screen points from this module, but also a different incident beam that module generated from screen towards different transmit direction transmissions; Be used for using the image information of a single picture point of described module, each incident beam is carried out apparatus for encoding, wherein, the 3D rendering that the observer saw is generated by a plurality of module; C) control system is used to control each module; And d) is used for an outgoing divergence is given by the device screen transmission or that pass through the outgoing beam of screen reflection, estimating basically corresponding to the angle between the adjacent transmission direction relevant with the optics adjacent modules of outgoing divergence is to provide a continuous basically motion parallax in the 3D rendering that the observer seen.Equipment according to the present invention comprises being used to generate to have one basically towards the imaging device of the incident beam of the contraction section of screen point convergence, and wherein, the convergence of incident beam is substantially equal to the outgoing divergence of the light beam of outgoing screen.Described module can be video projector, the LED projecting apparatus, the photo engine of these projecting apparatus etc., they are pressed the periodically mode of skew, preferably along continuous straight runs is arranged, and the scattering object screen as hologram screen, the array of diffraction or refracting element, the surface of retroeflection, perhaps their combination is arbitrarily realized, be used for outgoing beam along at least one direction, preferably give vertically and give outgoing beam a bigger divergence, and along other direction, the divergence angle that screen provided is less than the angle between the adjacent transmission direction relevant with the optics adjacent modules.The present invention also aims to provide a kind of method by realizing according to equipment of the present invention.

Description

Generate the method and apparatus of 3D rendering
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of equipment that is used to show 3D rendering.Purpose of the present invention is intended to improve known 3D and generates equipment, and the 3D of for example being known from WO 01/88598 generates equipment.
Specifically, the present invention relates to so a kind of equipment: it comprises a screen, and this screen has a scattering signatures that depends on angle, is used for optional to ground transmission light; And screen irradiation system.In this equipment of the present invention, the screen irradiation system comprises a plurality of modules, and these modules are used to generate a plurality of light beams of the each point that is incident in screen.These modules are arranged, thus screen each the point shone by a plurality of modules, and a plurality of different spot projection of a light beam that module generated from this module towards screen in a plurality of different directions.The different light beam that module generated by one, be incident on the screen is passed on towards different transmit directions from screen.This equipment comprises also and is used for using the image information of a single picture point of module that each incident beam is carried out apparatus for encoding that wherein, the 3D rendering that the observer saw is generated by a plurality of module.This equipment also comprises a control system that is used for control module, is specifically designed to corresponding two dimensional image is distributed in two dimensional display in the module.
Background technology
For the reason of being explained in the above document WO of quoting 01/88598, described equipment also comprise be used for an outgoing divergence give by the transmission of screen institute or from the device of the outgoing beam that screen reflected.The measurement of outgoing divergence is basically corresponding to the angle between the adjacent transmission direction relevant with the optics adjacent block.The outgoing divergence aims to provide a continuous basically motion parallax in the 3D rendering that the observer sees, promptly is intended to guarantee the continuous basically variation of a 3D rendering of being seen.
Use this equipment of the present invention to generate the principle of 3D rendering, be similar to the principle of the generation 3D rendering described in the WO 01/88598, with regard to the understanding of the present invention, suppose that the principle of generation 3D rendering is that people are familiar with.Yet, below, still with reference to Fig. 1～7, provide a concise and to the point explanation.
Described equipment is intended to provide 3-D view to the observer,, has the image of spatial impression that is.When observing an object from different directions,, then can obtain spatial impression if the observer sees the different view of this object.Therefore, exist to a kind of can according to the emission light beam angle, the demand of launching the equipment of different light beams.Can satisfy this demand by the equipment of operation principle shown in a kind of Fig. 1 and 2 of having.This equipment can be launched different light beams along different transmit directions really, is explained in detail with reference to Fig. 3 as following.
For this reason, described equipment have one optional to ground transmission and catoptrical screen 20.The directional selectivity of screen 20 means outgoing beam L cAccording to the projecting beam L of institute that arrives screen 20 places dIncidence angle outgoing screen 20, promptly an angle of emergence that defines is associated with a given incidence angle.In other words, incident beam L dDirection determined outgoing beam L clearly eDirection, opposite with the scattering screen, wherein, after the incident of a light beam, other light beam is by a quite wide Space Angle outgoing, and can not be according to the direction of determining the incident excitation beam along a light beam of a certain assigned direction outgoing.
There is screen point P in the screen 20, needn't be physically distinguished, promptly by a certain position of determining them to the incident under the stable condition and emergent light light beam them.Yet, for example, also the position of screen point P physically is fixed in the screen 20 with suitable aperture, also be feasible.Under these circumstances, also can physically separate screen point P, as illustrated in fig. 3 by a boundary line 21 between the screen point P.In most of the cases, for example in the example described in Fig. 1～6, realize the directional selectivity of screen 20, can make screen 20 need not to change the light beam L that arrives screen point P dThe situation of direction under, these light beams of transmission, however other realization also is feasible.For example, screen 20 can be as mirror or retroreflector folded light beam L dSuch embodiment has also been described among the WO 01/88598.
The screen point P of screen 20 can launch the light beam of varying strength and color along different directions.This characteristic of screen 20 helps the operation as the equipment of three dimensional display.Fig. 1～3 have illustrated a such embodiment: wherein, and when seeing through screen 20, and as the light beam L among the angle of departure scope α eDuring outgoing, light beam L dIn fact do not change their direction.
Following note agreement is used for Fig. 1～7, particularly to the explanation of the content of Fig. 3.We suppose and have q module in the described equipment that wherein, we use middle any one module of index j mark of a module among 1～q the module.Module can be along n different directions emission light beam, to any third side to note be i, m or g.Have P screen point P in the screen 20, middle index is k.Light can be along n *Individual originating party is to penetrating from screen point P, therefore, and can be n *Individual transmit direction is associated with a screen point P, and, under this mode, also be associated with whole screen 20.Index is i in the middle of as used herein *, m *Or g *Under the situation of light beam, and subscript (d e) refers to the function of light beam in the optical system for s, c, wherein, and L sExpression light source institute emitted light beams, L cThe light beam that expression is collimated, L dExpression institute deflected beam, and L eExpression is institute's emitted light beams from screen 20 towards the observer finally.Subscript refers to module on the same line, the transmit direction relevant with this module and the relevant screen point P of screen.Therefore, light beam L c J, g, k+1Expression from module j along direction g institute emitted light beams from screen 20 outgoing, contact k+1 screen point P (in this case from k+1 screen point P penetrate).
Generate light beam by an irradiation system in the described equipment.This system comprises and is used to generate the deflected beam L of institute d, and generate light emitted bundle L indirectly eModule.Light beam L eJoin with a plurality of different spot correlation of screen 20, and they are associated with the different transmit direction of screen point P.For example, among the embodiment in Fig. 3, a module 45 comprises light source 70, and the different screen point P that sees through screen 20 K-2..., P K+2J module 45 jThe emitted light beams Ld ' of institute-Ld ".It can also be seen that, as each the deflected beam Ld ' of institute-Ld " a continuity, light emitted bundle L e J, 1, k-2, L e J, i, k-1, L e J, m, k, L e J, g, k+1, L e J, n, k+2From screen 20 outgoing, and along different E 1-E N*Transmit direction is propagated.Meanwhile, light arrives same screen point P from other module.For example, in Fig. 3 as can be seen, from j-1 module 45 J-1The light beam L that penetrates d 1Also arrive screen point P K+1, and be different from from j module 45 along one jLight beam L d gDirection E penetrate.Also can realize light source 70 by a single bulb 80, the photoconductive tube 75 by having a public point 76 is distributed in light source to its light.Module 45 can comprise suitable collimating optics device 60 and focusing optics 40.
By a suitable control system,, control each module according to the following principle of explaining.The function of module 45 is intended to along different transmit directions, in angle of departure scope α, with suitable intensity and color, from given screen point P towards different transmit directions, light is projeced into the screen point P of screen 20, thereby has realized a radiative light source S (referring to Fig. 1 and 2) in a certain angular region β.This angular region β is in fact corresponding to the angle of departure scope α of screen 20.As can be seen from Figure 1, light source S 1, S 2, S 3..., S nTo a screen point P 3Launch a light beam L d, and will be by each light source S 1-S nMutual alignment and screen point P 3Determine from screen point P 3The light beam L that penetrates eDirection.
Equipment described in the WO01/88598 aims to provide a kind of like this optical device: it can analog light source S, has a desirable zero width, to generate the light beams deflected L of institute of the screen point P that can accurately lead d, screen point P also can have a desirable zero width.
Use the equipment described in the WO 01/88598, generate the different E that are used to create with from each screen point P in the following manner 1～E N*The light beam L of the view that transmit direction is associated and is associated with a plurality of different screen point P of screen 20 e: there are some two dimensional displays in each module 45, i.e. 50 micro-displays.Lens are the pixel C of an image dImage in screen 20 simultaneously.Show this image by display 50.In bidimensional display 50, pixel C dBe associated with described different screen point P, and they different transmit direction E with screen 20 1-E N*Be associated.Light beam L from module 45 ejaculations dEach transmit direction E of the actual decision of different yawing moment D.
Optical system is having light beam L cDisplay 50 projections in an optical lens 40.Pixel C according to a composograph dMiddle information encoded is to light beam L cModulate, wherein, produce this composograph by display 50.So, by the coded information of each pixel of using the image that display 50 generated (promptly by information that described pixel was loaded with) to light beam L dModulate.Equate or the light symmetric position by the relative to each other and relative light of screen 20, periodically the position of skew ground determination module 45.
As can be seen, optical lens 40 is according to the coordinate of incidence angle, deflection incident, light beam L collimation, that have a given angle basically cFor example, as illustrated in fig. 3, will be transmission display device 50 jThe pixel C at SLM left hand edge place d J, 1Light beam L c 1Deflect to a yawing moment D 1, yawing moment D 1Be different from the pixel C in the mid portion of transmission display device 50j SLM d J, mLight beam L c mYawing moment D mAccording to D mYawing moment has been determined E mThis fact of transmit direction, light beam L d mAlong E mTransmit direction sees through screen 20.Also can clearly be seen that (also referring to Fig. 1 and 2) from Fig. 3, because different yawing moments deflect from different yawing moment D by public 40j optical lens 1～D nLight beam L dSee through different screen point P.
In by the determined angle of departure scope of transmit direction E α, in fact along all direction emission light.Therefore, when when screen 20 is watched in this zone, light beam arrives observers' eyes (also referring to Fig. 5) from all screen point P.So, angle of departure scope α is in fact consistent with complete visual angle district, promptly with wherein to arrive the observer's who is watching screen 20 the angular zone of eyes from the light beam of screen point P consistent, say more simply that perhaps this is that an observer is from wherein seeing the zone of certain type image on the screen 20.
Below, will explain the principle of 3D imaging in more detail: in angle of departure scope α, each light beam L cAlong determining that good transmit direction E propagates.When a direction opposite with transmit direction E is watched screen 20, can see the light beam that leaves each screen point P, therefore can on whole screen 20, see a complete image, this complete image is made of screen point P.What must be noted is, for the observer, in the lip-deep image of screen 20 occurring, may differ and see screen point P itself surely, and because the two-dimensional projection of view, the observer can not see the image that will see, but the observer will experience real spatial impression.
After being described among Fig. 4, screen 20 may have a large amount of modules 45.Because the divergence of screen 20 can be guaranteed that light beam arrives observer's eyes from each screen point P along all directions, thereby allow the observer to see the continuous images that angular zone is interior.As that is described separately, light beam L at the right-hand side of Fig. 4 e G-1, L e g, L e G+1(they arrive screen 20 as the non-divergence bundle of collimation) is along a different directions P that frames out.Screen 20 use angle δ xDisperse these bundles, make their divergence a little.Described this effect among Fig. 5 in detail.Therefore, light arrives observer's eye E 2LAlthough, two light beam L e G-1, L e gDirection disappear from observer's eyes at first.As can be seen from Figure 4, arrive observer's eye E 2LLight beam L e δ gVignette bundle L seemingly e δ g' continuity, vignette bundle L e δ g' itself seem since between two modules 45, and see through screen point P.Therefore, light beam L e G-1, L e g, L e G+1Between do not have " gap ", the image of perception visually is indefectible, does not promptly have not irradiated part, vision area is covered continuously, has promptly realized a continuous motion parallax.
In WO 01/88598, in the disclosed equipment, realize light emitted bundle L by a scattering object screen eDivergence.The present invention has advised using or not using such scattering screen to improve a kind of method and a kind of equipment of the quality of 3D rendering.
Also can clearly be seen that, from the left side of Fig. 4 as can be seen, be not particularly, but produce the view that is associated with each view direction by a plurality of modules by a module.This vision facilities can be guaranteed: if the observer changes the position, and its viewpoint change, for example, then also continuously change light beam L by moving in the direction of arrow F c G-1, L e g, L c G+1With 45 emitted light beams L of the module of being seen d G-1, L d g, L d G+1Thereby, created E 2LThe image that changes its position continuously that eyes are seen (referring to the right side of Fig. 4).Under this mode, according to creating L by disparate modules 45 d G-1, L d g, L d G+1This fact of light beam is created a continually varying image (referring to Fig. 4).Also can clearly be seen that, from the light beam of disparate modules 45 from each screen point P K-1, P k, P K+1, P K+2By the time reach observer's right eye E RWith left eye E LThis means the different information of same screen point P right eye transmission left in fact.
Explained this effect in more detailed mode among Fig. 5.In this figure, we have introduced the spatial point that how to show different three dimensional objects according to equipment of the present invention.For example, in Fig. 5, this equipment has shown two dim spot object O 1And O 2, and two bright spot object O 3And O 4, they are considered as being suspended in the three dimensions at two observers in two diverse locations.In order to be understood better, we have mainly represented the light beam of the module 45 of those actual arrival observer eyes, and needn't emphasize to exist the light beam that leaves all modules along all transmit directions.Therefore, this equipment is independent of observer's position, and when any direction in the visual field is watched, provides a real 3D rendering, and needn't use special glasses or any other hardware that the observer wore.For example, in Fig. 5, as can be seen, first observer will be by eyes E 1RAnd E 1LSee dark object O 1, but in order to realize this point, module 45 I-8To right eye E 1RTransmit a light beam, simultaneously by module 45 iTo left eye E 1LTransmit described light beam.Therefore, the observer is perception clearly, arrives his/her eyes from different perspectives from the light of described object, and he also will perception and object O 1Distance.First observer not only sees O equally 2, and he also can feel, for him, and object O 2At object O 1Afterwards, because the observer passes through his/her E 1LLeft eye is by module 45 I-2Along left eye E 1LThe light that transmits of direction, only receive about object O 2Information.Meanwhile, for second observer, according to from module 45 I+17With module 45 I+16And module 45 I+8Arrive his/her eye E 2RAnd E 2LLight beam, object O 1And O 2To occur as two different objects.Second observer's left eye E 2LCan not see object O 1, because the light beam that arrives from its direction can not be produced by any one module these modules.On the other hand, according to same principle, two observers will see an object O 3And O 4For example, first observer's eyes will be according to outgoing module 45 I+3With 45 iAnd module 45 J-8With 45 I-11Light, see light object O 4Notice that because light beam, promptly owing to may launch light beam along different directions, and light beam has varying strength, so, for example, same module 45 iCan be to first observer's right eye E 1RWith left eye E 1LThe object that shows a different colours.Second observer's right eye E 2RCan not see object O 4, because it is by object O 2Institute covers.Second observer only can pass through his/her left eye E 2LSee object O 4Obviously, this equipment can show such some object of any number.Thereby this equipment also is applicable to the object that shows limited dimension, because the set that these objects all can be used as is a little shown.We it can also be seen that, can be by this equipment, and similarly before the display screen 20 and object afterwards.The light beam that this equipment produced is identical, seem that they are derived from the object that will be shown, and projection arrangement needn't be considered observer's position.Along all directions, in angle of departure scope, show an image true to nature, and no matter observer's position how.What need be emphasized once more is that this equipment is launched light beam continuously along the direction that those wherein do not have the beholder at all herein.Among Fig. 5 such light beam is expressed as light beam L e
As mentioned above, the perception to 3D object with good video quality requires: at outgoing beam L cFrameed out 20 o'clock, they have certain divergence.For example, can use a holographic scattering screen to realize this point.The scattering properties of screen 20 can be guaranteed the output beam that collimates a basically P that will frame out with the divergence δ x that is the several years to the maximum, therefore, and at the light beam L that arrives from module 45 d i, L d I+1Between exist one overlapping.Under the situation shown in Fig. 7 A, the deflected beam L of institute d i, L d I+1Direction in fact with light emitted bundle L e i, L e I+1Direction identical, these directions have also been represented adjacent transmit direction.Obviously, overlapping when divergence angle δ x is identical with angle γ between the light emitted bundle, i.e. adjacent beams L d i, L d I+1Tight contact, be suitable.
Yet, use wherein and realize light emitted bundle L by a scattering screen eThe scheme of necessary divergence δ x, exist a problem, as among Fig. 6 A at a single module 45 and the single deflected beam L of institute dThe description of being carried out.In this case, light emitted bundle L eIntensity distributions be similar to the angle intensity distributions shown in Fig. 6 C, promptly it is mainly (Gaussian) of Gaussian, has a strong central area, and the intensity that reduces towards the edge.Therefore, a plurality of adjacent light emitted bundle L eThe intensity distributions of combination will follow curve among Fig. 7 C.Occur in the image disturbing seondary effect to depend on the angle of divergence δ x.Under the very little situation of the angle δ of divergence x, the fluctuation that the observer will perceptive intensity promptly inhomogeneities will occur in the image.Angle at divergence δ x is enough under the situation of compensation intensity inhomogeneities, and the observer will perceive the video noise of crosstalking and being caused in the adjacent beams overlapping areas 5 wherein.For observer, this means that the image of being seen will thicken, adjacent view will appear in the 3-D view simultaneously, and this equipment can not be with tangible profile display image.
The screen scattering signatures is a key factor in such system, yet, make us feeling that regrettably in all actual scattering objects, or even in holographic scattering screen, this gaussian intensity profile is intrinsic characteristic.Non-homogeneous overall strength shown in Fig. 7 C or undesirable crosstalking are actually inevitably, because these requirements are conflicting requirements.This has limited the performance of such system dramatically, thereby makes manufacturing high-quality 3D display impossible.For system with achromatic holographic scattering screen, use the system of other scattering part if perhaps do not use holographic scattering screen, lenticular lens systems for example, the scattering signatures that is difficult to realize ideal (referring to Fig. 6 B, 7B), and can produce serious aligning, chromatic dispersion problem.This causes the deterioration of the image seen once more.
Summary of the invention
For fear of these obstacles, and in order to allow actual construction can show the system of the real 3-D view with appropriate depth, replace and use only at the screen of this purpose, the present invention has advised that a kind of direct generation has the equipment of the light beam of suitable divergence.This system comprises imaging device, is used to generate have one basically towards the incident beam of the contraction section of some convergence of screen.The convergence of suggestion incident beam is substantially equal to the outgoing divergence of the light beam of outgoing screen.Another advantage of this system is, intensity distributions and screen scattering signatures that can the converging beam that binding modules generated accurately be provided with the desirable intensity Distribution of light emitted bundle.
According to the present invention, a kind of method that is used to calibrate equipment described above is also disclosed, wherein, this method comprises that each module of using in the described module generates a two-dimentional test pattern, and uses an image detecting apparatus to detect the step of the test pattern that is generated.In the method, institute's detected image is estimated, and, generated calibration data at correlation module according to estimation to institute's detected image.At each module, the storage calibration data.Revise the input data of each module according to calibration data, and the view data of being revised is sent to the 2D display of module.
Description of drawings
Below, with reference to the accompanying drawings, explain other relevant improvement in the present invention self and the 3D rendering generation technique field.
Fig. 1 and 2 has illustrated some basic principle that is used for the apparatus and method for that 3D rendering of the present invention shows;
Fig. 3 is the primary element scheme of a prior art imaging system, and the function scheme that the basic principle of a prior art optical lens system is described;
Fig. 4 has described the observer and has observed from a certain given position under the situation of equipment of the module with Fig. 3, and described equipment produces the mode of light beam;
Fig. 5 is another explanatory schematic diagram, and some the image displaying principle that is used for according to equipment of the present invention has been described, but the content that undeclared people just were very familiar to originally;
Fig. 6 A has illustrated the principle of employed scattering object screen in the prior art;
Fig. 6 B has illustrated that the desirable ideal tensile strength at the outgoing beam of the 3D display system of type shown in Fig. 6 A distributes;
The actual strength that Fig. 6 C has described according to the light beam that prior art systems generated of Fig. 6 A distributes;
Fig. 7 A has illustrated the principle of employed scattering object screen in the prior art systems with two adjacent blocks;
Fig. 7 B has described the desirable intensity distributions according to all adjacent beams of Fig. 7 A;
The actual overall strength that Fig. 7 C has described a plurality of light beams of Fig. 7 A that the observer saw distributes;
Fig. 8 A and 8B have illustrated prior art and different principle according to the solution of the present invention;
Fig. 9 be according to of the present invention, along a plurality of transmit directions with towards the figure of the obvious amplification of a single module of a plurality of light beams of different screen point emission;
Figure 10 described similar Fig. 9, towards a plurality of adjacent blocks of a plurality of adjacent blocks of same screen point emission light beam;
Figure 11 has illustrated a feasible embodiment of the optical system of a module;
Figure 12 A has illustrated to have one of the contacted aperture of edge desirable module arrangement;
Figure 12 B has described the intensity distributions of light emitted bundle in the optical system of Figure 12 A;
Figure 12 C has illustrated the overall strength of the adjacent light emitted bundle of Figure 12 A;
Figure 13 A has illustrated to have little another overlapping module arrangement between the module, and wherein module is equipped with an outgoing aperture shown in Figure 17;
Figure 13 B has described the intensity distributions of a light emitted bundle after seeing through the screen of Figure 13 A;
Figure 13 C has illustrated the overall strength of the adjacent light emitted bundle of Figure 13 A;
Figure 14 A has illustrated from the effect according to a scattering screen on prior art and the module of the present invention institute emitted light beams;
Figure 14 B has described after seeing through the screen of Figure 14 A that collimate and an intensity distributions converging beam a little less than in the of one;
Figure 15 A has illustrated to have closely spaced another module arrangement between the module;
Figure 15 B has described after seeing through the screen of Figure 15 A, the overall strength of the light beam of collimation a little less than;
Figure 15 C has illustrated the overall strength of the adjacent light emitted bundle of Figure 15 A;
Figure 16 is the not front view of a plurality of modules of negative lap that has of the example of institute's recommendation device;
One the front view of Figure 17 for having a plurality of modules of shaping aperture in the preferred embodiment of institute's recommendation device;
Figure 18 is a perspective view at primary element in the 3D display system of the present invention;
Figure 19 is a front view of employed plurality of modules among the embodiment of 3D display system of the present invention;
Figure 20 is the perspective view of another embodiment of 3D equipment of the present invention;
Figure 21 has described a single module that is independent of equipment shown in Figure 21;
Figure 22 is the sectional view of another embodiment of a module;
Figure 23 is a vertical view of employed led array in the module of Figure 27;
Figure 24 is the front view that of outgoing aperture of one of module part irradiation has amplified;
Figure 25 has illustrated the scattering signatures of employed screen in institute's recommendation device;
Figure 26 has illustrated and has defined a narrower light emitted bundle, thereby improved the principle of the angular resolution of 3D equipment of the present invention;
Figure 27 is the perspective schematic view that a kind of feasible module is laid;
Figure 28 is the schematic plan that module shown in Figure 27 is laid;
Figure 29 is the perspective view that is used for a single unit 3D photo engine of display device of the present invention;
Figure 30 is a sectional view of the 3D photo engine of Figure 29;
Figure 31 is a schematic sectional view with dull and stereotyped 3D display device of a folded projection system;
Figure 32 is a schematic sectional view with another dull and stereotyped 3D display device of a guide type optical projection system;
Figure 33 is a schematic side elevation of another 3D display device, and wherein, described 3D display device has and is used for a 3D rendering transposition that is generated in a device away from the position of screen;
Figure 34 is that a 3D who is similar to 3D work station shown in Figure 33, that have the 3D input unit makes the station schematic side elevational view;
Figure 35 has illustrated and has been used for another feasible layout of producing the module of 3D rendering thoroughly on the screen at one;
Figure 36 A is the end view that light shown in Figure 35 is arranged;
Figure 36 B has described with light similar shown in Figure 36 A and has arranged that it has the scattering object screen of a fuzzy screen type;
Figure 37 is the vertical view that has used another light that produces the refraction screen of many grades institute folded light beam to lay;
Figure 38 is a schematic diagram, has illustrated by having and the one-period diffraction identical during the light of Figure 37 is arranged or the light beam that screen generated of refraction feature;
Figure 39 has illustrated the embodiment of a reality of the present invention that is the projection table form;
Figure 40～43 have illustrated various screen configurations and their feature bundle path with plan view forms;
Figure 44 is for carrying out an end view that reflects screen and feature bundle path of deflection;
Figure 45 has described another the actual embodiment of the present invention that is dull and stereotyped 3D display form;
Figure 46 has illustrated another advantageous embodiments of the present invention that is the windshield projector equipment form that is used in the automobile;
Figure 47 is a perspective schematic view, and a feasible geometric calibration function of the 3D equipment of being advised has been described;
Figure 48 has illustrated the initial light distortion of a module;
Figure 49 has illustrated the correction of distortion shown in Figure 48.
Figure 50 A and 50B have illustrated the mutual intensity calibration of disparate modules in the 3D equipment of the present invention;
Figure 51 is the schematic block diagram of control system of an embodiment of equipment of the present invention;
Figure 52 is another the feasible version based on the control system of a plurality of PC.
Embodiment
As explained above, Fig. 1～7 have illustrated the principle that disclosed 3D generates among the WO 01/88598, and other content.Herein, incident beam L dBe essentially one dimension (collimation with weak) light beam, in fact have than the more ray of light beam.The light beam of these collimations receives suitable divergence from screen 20.Divergence angle δ xBasically corresponding to incident beam L d i-L I+1Between angle γ iHerein, index x represents a divergence of along continuous straight runs basically, and this is to see when observer's normal to screen 20 is observed.Also be explained among Fig. 8 A.Fig. 8 A and 8B have provided as the observer and have observed one during according to a prior art and a display of the present invention, a prior art and a comparison of the present invention, although it is different with 120 type to generate the mode difference of light beam and screen 20, but theoretically, he will observe the identical outgoing beam that forms a 3D rendering.
Now, turn to Fig. 9～11, the fundamental characteristics according to an embodiment of 3D display device of the present invention has been described in Fig. 9～11.Explanation to the function of institute's recommendation apparatus can be well understood to method of advising of the present invention.
Can clearly be seen that from Figure 18 the 3D display device comprises a screen 120, by a screen irradiation system 150 irradiation screens 120.As shown in Figure 18, screen irradiation system 150 comprises a plurality of modules, in the embodiment shown in Figure 18, is module 1451～145k.
In fact, producing incident beam L dModule 145 be constructed to digital video projector (being also referred to as data projector), therefore, their major function is to static or mobile image of screen prjection, wherein, people wish the picture point that defines of a spot projection that defines to screen.Yet, only be the traditional video-projection that produces a picture point that defines for its purpose, because of the scattered reflection characteristic of (being generally white) projecting apparatus screen, these picture point that define in any direction all will be visible.On the contrary, for the reason of being explained, according to the present invention, (module 145) located in video projector, generate a picture point light beam, arrange with projecting apparatus and concrete other relevant parameter of screen scattering signatures, also be important.
For example, as shown in Figure 18 and 19, arrange module 145 relative to each other.Offset d between the module 145 (displacement) is considered a kind of like this fact: generally, the emergent pupil of module 145 or physics outgoing aperture 140 are less than the physics overall width w several times of a module 145.In order more easily to be understood, in the accompanying drawings, we promptly with full object lens size, are illustrated this with full aperture 170, and full aperture 170 needn't equal outgoing aperture 140.
A single module 145 generates a plurality of light beam L dCan be clear that this point in Fig. 9 and 11, Fig. 9 and 11 has described a single module 145 with a simplification ray structure j(Figure 15) with and the feasible embodiment (Figure 11) of optical system.Different light beam L dPass on different some P in screen 120.Module 145 is arranged to: can be by the every bit P of module 145 irradiation screens 120.Can be clear that this point in Figure 10, Figure 10 has described screen point P k, by module 145 J-1, 145 jAnd 145 J+1Shone.Simultaneously, the incident beam L that a module 145 is generated dTowards a plurality of different screen point P, projection is in a plurality of different directions from this module 145.For example, referring to Fig. 9 and Figure 10, what Fig. 9 and 10 illustrated is: light beam L d I-1, L d i, L d I+1Launch respectively in screen point P K-1, P k, and P K+1On the contrary, (be a module module 145 herein j) the different incident beam L that generated d I-1, L d i, L d I+1Pass on towards different transmit directions from screen 120, because light beam L d I-1, L d i, L d I+1As the light beam L that is passed on e I-1, L e i, L e I+1Penetrate from screen 120.
In this manual, term is " transmission (forwarding) " light beam from screen towards a transmit direction, is intended to comprise all patterns that penetrate from screen, for example, is led again by any way or is not led again by screen.So transmission can mean by screen to be carried out transmission or reflected from screen, transmission wherein or reflection all are mode similar mirror or retroeflection, and it also can mean the deflection etc. of screen.The mutual of various screen light beams also described in Figure 40～44.
With regard to explained above, screen 120 has the optional scattering signatures that depends on angle to transmission light, that is, and and the light beam L that passes on e iDirection depend on largely and flow into light beam L d iDirection (referring to Fig. 8 B).Below, also this is explained in more detail with reference to Figure 40～44.
Be similar to disclosed equipment among the WO 01/88598, equipment disclosed in this invention comprises and is used to use the image information of a single picture point to being incident on each the light beam L on the screen 120 dCarry out apparatus for encoding, in module 145, generate picture point, use a two dimensional display usually, for example LCD or other micro-display, for example, as shown in Figure 22.Yet the display pannel 252 among the present invention has wide-angle (big numerical value aperture) irradiation, and in the prior art, uses the light beam irradiates display 50 of collimation basically, as shown in Figure 3.By with WO 01/88598 in identical mode, in observer's eyes, set up the 3D rendering that the observer sees.This means that in fact the 3D rendering that the observer sees is generated by a plurality of modules 145.This also as mentioned above, also referring to the explanation that is provided in Fig. 5 and 6.By the module 145 in the suitable control system control present embodiment, in Figure 18, symbolically represented this control system by module driver unit 160.
In order under the uneven situation of no intensity, to realize the sensation of a continuous 3D rendering, must give the outgoing beam of being passed on L an outgoing divergence e, promptly penetrate outgoing beam L from screen 120 towards the observer eIf estimating of outgoing divergence, i.e. angle δ x, basically corresponding to adjacent transmission direction E (the transmit direction E shown in Fig. 8 B for example iAnd E I+1) between angle γ, then can see a suitable continuous 3D rendering.At outgoing divergence angle δ xUnder the situation less than the angle γ between the adjacent transmission direction E, will occur periodically inhomogeneous in the 3D rendering.Working as outgoing divergence angle δ xUnder the opposite situation during greater than the angle γ between the adjacent transmission direction E, adjacent beams is with overlapping, and the view of adjacency will appear in the 3D view simultaneously, thereby has caused a blooming that has limited the depth field (FOD) of 3D display to a great extent.Transition between the view is ubiquitous problem on the 3D display, and the pattern that is not the class Moire fringe is exactly a spot.Any seondary effect in these seondary effects all is bothersome and high-visible, and in high-quality procedure for displaying, this is unacceptable.
Angle γ between the adjacent transmission direction E is more little, and the 3D view that can show is dark more, and in other words, the 3D display will have big depth field (FOD).Adjacent transmission direction E is associated with optics adjacent block 145, and therefore, transmit direction E is determined by the position of the relative position of different screen point P and module 145 basically, and adjacent block 145 will generate adjacent transmission direction E.In the embodiment of a reality, this means that stack module 145 thick and fast.Term " optics is adjacent " module representation module does not need physically adjacent, if watch from a screen point screen point P, then they mutually the left and right sides is adjacent optically is enough to.
Fig. 8 B has illustrated basic principle of the present invention, wherein only schematically module 145 is illustrated as the unit with a sizable outgoing aperture 140.The effective width w of outgoing aperture 140 aPhysical width w with these modules aBe complementary, for some embodiment, the latter even may be several times as much as effective f-number width w aUnder actual conditions, for example under the situation of video projector, physical dimension at first is the width w of module 145 m, always greater than the effective width w of outgoing aperture 140 aIn this case, can arrange module 145 by more row.Module 145 projections are corresponding to 2D (synthesizing) image of their varying level position, thereby in final 3D rendering, provide horizontal parallax, and the view on each 2D (synthesizing) image is corresponding to same vertical position, and promptly the 2D image does not comprise vertical parallax information.As a rule of thumb, at the width w of module mEffective width w for outgoing aperture 140 a2,3,4 times situation under, should arrange modules 145 respectively by 2,3 or 4 row.This point has been described among Figure 19, wherein, video projector, promptly module 145 1With 145 2In fact mutually neighbouring, but their aperture 170 1With 170 2Be adjacent to occur about being aligned to mutually, use the difference in height of replenishing between the electro-optical device compensation aperture 170, for example use a big vertical scattering, Figure 27 explains as reference, also this is explained among the WO 01/88598.Those of skill in the art will appreciate that, make module 145 along a certain specific direction, the usually adjacent appearance of along continuous straight runs, and promptly other space and the light that is adjacent to occur about is mutually laid, and also is feasible.
For to the light beam L that is passed on eEssential outgoing divergence is provided, and the equipment of being advised comprises and is used to generate the incident beam L with a contraction section dImaging device.In the embodiment shown in Fig. 8, incident beam L dTotal length restrain, promptly as light beam L dWhen leaving the outgoing aperture 140 of module 145, they are restrained.In other words, light beam L dContraction section be part between outgoing aperture 140 and the screen 120.This contraction section is basically towards a screen point P convergence.Incident beam L dThis convergence be substantially equal to the light beam L of outgoing screen 120 cThe outgoing divergence.As shown in Fig. 8 B, arrive the light beam L of screen 120 d i, L d I+1Restrain.The angle δ of this convergence cBasically with their divergence angle δ xIdentical.As previously discussed, divergence angle δ xSubstantially corresponding to incident beam L d i, L d I+1Between angle γ iIn the embodiment shown in Fig. 8, because incident beam L dDirection also determined the emitted light beams L of institute eTransmit direction E, so the convergent angle δ of the contraction section of incident beam cAlso corresponding to adjacent transmission direction E i-E I+1Between angle γ.More suitable way is that the design of Optical System of this equipment is become δ c≈ γ.As explained above, adjacent transmission direction E i-E I+1With adjacent block 145 j-145 J+1Be associated, therefore, for any single screen point P k, from this screen point P kThe different light beam L of radiation cDifferent transmit direction E determined that by these modules 145 module 145 is an incident beam L dThe screen point P that guiding is discussed kIn such a way, by affected screen point P kWith these modules 145 j, 145 J-1The mutual alignment determined adjacent transmission direction E i-E I+1, module 145 j, 145 J-1As incident beam L d i, L d I+1The source.
A major advantage of the system of being advised is, do not need a hologram screen described in the WO 01/88598, and perhaps the parameter of screen 120 or divergence characteristic are not crucial at least.And another advantage is, can control the light emitted bundle L of a divergence preferably cIn light intensity distributions, in more detail this is explained hereinafter with reference to Figure 20～21,12～13,16～17.Specifically, it is possible reaching or be similar to a uniform basically intensity distributions at least.As shown in Figure 12B, Figure 12 B has illustrated as a light emitted bundle L cIn the luminous intensity of function of angle δ.Be in the light beam L at 0 ° at angle cCenter (coinciding) with the vector of transmit direction E.Figure 12 C has illustrated the adjacent light emitted bundle L with the intensity distribution function that is square basically eThe intensity I of being added lProvide to be positioned at screen 120 the place aheads and, promptly along being substantially perpendicular to light beam L along the x direction eThe obviously more uniform overall strength that the observer saw that moves of direction.
Can generate the incident beam L of convergence by a suitable optical system d, this optical system have a wide-angle, greatly the inlet and emergent pupil, for example optical system shown in Figure 11 100.This optical system 100 as a kind of incident beam L independently dFocus on and each incident beam L dDevice on the screen point P that is associated.From above description, can clearly be seen that, as incident beam L dIn the time of will be through a screen point P, this screen point P and an incident beam L dBe associated, thereby, for the observer, seem to launch light beam L towards the observer by the screen point P that is discussed e, but outgoing beam L eAttribute in fact by incident beam L dDetermine, as mentioned above.Exemplary optical system 100 shown in Figure 11 comprises 4 lens 101～104.Go out as we can see from the figure, from the incident beam L of last lens 104 radiation dForm with the continuity of vignette bundle 107 occurs, and sees through a vignette circle 105.Basically say that the size of vignette circle 105 is corresponding to effective f-number width w a, in optical system according to the present invention, to effective f-number width w aOptimize with the ratio of the physics size of maximum lens, to reach maximum, wherein, the physics of maximum lens size is the big or small w of module 145 mThe physics lowest limit.According to LCD, DMD etc., have the micro-display panel 252 of wide-angle, the irradiation of big numerical value aperture or have the pixel of photoemissive LED (OLED, the PLED etc.) micro-display of oneself, respectively to the light beam L of optical system 100 d J-1, L d j, L d J+1Modulate.
Yet as explaining, in most cases, the effective width of outgoing aperture 140 is less than the effective width of module 145, and the outgoing aperture of module is adjacent to place about mutually tightly, also is complicated.This means inflow and the outgoing beam shown in Figure 12 C, and have the desirable ideal state of (rectangle) intensity profile that is square basically, be difficult to be realized with strict alignment.In practice, add that some is overlapping always necessary, an advantage of the present invention is: can be independent of angle γ between the adjacent transmission direction and be provided with that this is overlapping, and the magnitude of the size of overlapping region is less than γ.Figure 12 has illustrated the adjacent converging beam L with square functional strength profile dIdeal situation when in a fringe region, contacting.Figure 13 A, B, C have illustrated adjacent converging beam L dOverlapping, and their intensity profile becomes the situation of bowlder in the overlapping region.Figure 14～15 have illustrated adjacent converging beam L dBetween situation when having a gap.
For a kind of situation in back, be that a kind of module is large-scale video projector, and do not have situation when being difficult to arrange them under the situation in gap between the outgoing aperture 140 of the object lens between optics adjacent projections instrument, advise being scattering object screen 220 of described equipment configuration.A scattering object screen 220 (referring to Figure 14 A and 15A) like this can make an additional horizontal divergence give the light emitted bundle L of other divergence eBy the abundant effect of perception scattering object screen 220 of Figure 14 A, in Figure 14 A, the incident beam L of a collimation, the weak and similar ray of emission has been described in the left side d CollModule 45, then, by angular region δ d, as the emitted light beams L of institute e Spread, expanded by scattering object screen 220.Figure 14 B has described the scattered beam L of institute e SpreadIntensity distributions.220 pairs of convergences of scattering object screen incident beam L has been described on the right side of Figure 14 A d ConvInfluence, the emitted light beams L of institute has been described e DivWill omit the divergence of many ground, say that basically final resulting divergence will be δ Conv+ δ d, meanwhile, its intensity distributions that is square basically will show a less abrupt slope in its edge.The intensity distributions of modification like this has been described among Figure 14 C.The advantage on less abrupt slope is, final resulting overall strength will be not too responsive to the small position error of adjacent beams, and therefore, if strictly adjacent beams is not adjacent to the location about mutually, then the consistency of overall strength will change less.And adjacent incident beam L is also permitted in this expansion of square intensity distributions dBetween the gap, as illustrated among Figure 15 A～15C.Similar with Figure 14 B, Figure 15 B has illustrated the dispersion effect of scattering screen 220, and it is intended to " stretching " from module 145 J-1, 145 jAnd 145 J+1The emitted light beams L of institute that arrives e, consequently final resulting overall strength becomes smoothly once more more or less, as illustrated among Figure 15 C.Note, this intensity profile that " stretches " is much better than Gaussian profile, because it has wide, quite flat (stable) central area and a narrow overlapping region, and the profile of Gaussian is all unstable anywhere, or optimal situation also just is regarded as quite stable in very little central area.Can fully find out the angle of scattering δ of scattering object screen 220 from Figure 15 A dBe substantially equal to the adjacent transmission direction E and the convergency δ of incident beam ConvBetween angle γ poor, in other words, δ d≈ γ-δ Conv
Use the angle of scattering of the viewpoint definition scattering object of FWHM (full duration half maximum--Full Width Half Maximum), this means the angle of surveying at the intensity profile that disperses by FWHM, as shown in Figure 20 B.
Because incident beam L in the layout shown in Figure 15 A dNot overlapping, so adjacent incident beam L dBetween exist not irradiated gap.Therefore, outgoing beam L eTo be not overlapping also.When observer's eyes when an outgoing beam turns to another outgoing beam, little gap or space in this image that will cause being seen.In order to compensate this gap, screen 220 provides a spot of divergence δ d, divergence δ dCan approximate declinate, or clearance angle δ d, as shown in Figure 15 A.So this will cause outgoing beam L eContact or controlled overlapping, as shown in Figure 15 C.
Figure 20 has described in the screen irradiation system 250 a 3D display with the module after the optimization, and screen irradiation system 250 is similar to the screen irradiation system 150 shown in Figure 18 in many aspects.In addition, after screen 120, also arranged multirow module 245, but also be equipped with side mirror 130 with identical function.By these modules of module driver unit 160 control of the more detailed control system of being described not.Since at described task optimization a different optical system 200 in the module 245, so main difference is the realization of module 245, it is shaft-like that module 245 is basically.In order to obtain to have the 3D rendering of appropriate depth, the angle γ between the adjacent transmission direction E should be less.In other words, angular resolution should be higher, described a plurality of independently outgoing beam L eBasically all appear in the visual field.This requires stack module thick and fast, thereby allows fine angular resolution.Problem is that common video projector does not have the shape of optimization: even the projecting apparatus that compacts is also wide in the horizontal direction, and be difficult to be arranged in a row the projecting apparatus of upright form.Form best modular structure, be intended to make the width of module to be minimum possible width along stacking direction, be the size of maximum lens in the as many as optical system 200, simultaneously other arrangements of components actually on the length direction of not too important physical dimension.Because the emergent pupil of the optical system 200 of ordinary circumstance lower module 245 or outgoing aperture 140 are than the overall width w of module 245 mLittle 2～3 times, thus must arrange module 245 by two triplex rows respectively, as shown in Figure 20.Can pass through proper optical design, the emergent pupil and the overall width w of module accurately is set mThe relative ratios, yet non-at it is under the situation of integer, as explained above, can use screen 200 to introduce extra divergence.A single shaft-like module 245 has been described among Figure 21.Optical system 200 has been described among Figure 22 in more detail.Another difference is to adopt specifically created aperture 240 on the full aperture 270 of module 245.
The meaning of specifically created aperture 240 is, can proofread and correct or compensate at least in part divergence outgoing beam L by the aperture that suitably forms in the optical system of using module 245 c Intensity distributions.Aperture 240 has a predetermined shape, is used to compensate incident beam L dA light intensity distributions heterogeneous of contraction section.In case compensated the emitted light beams L of institute eAlso will have uniform or stable (flat) intensity distributions profile.
As known, in fact, the shape of aperture 240 helps the formation of a flat central area in the intensity distributions, as shown in Figure 15 C and 13C.That is, the intensity distributions from a circular iris along the x direction is proportional with the x projection of border circular areas (integer function of the circle of relative x), and it is a continually varying function.In order to obtain a flat intensity distributions profile, aperture 240 will cut away the upper and lower circumference of full aperture 270, thereby form a rectangular light loop-shaped that produces the target strength profile.In addition, the narrow relatively central area of aperture 240 will suppress center intensity to a certain degree, thereby the compensation (that is, reduction is towards the intensity at center) of uneven irradiation is always appeared at the optical system place, and will help the realization of desirable flat intensity profile, as shown in Figure 13 A.This means incident beam L dThe convergency δ of contraction section ConvWidth w by the final outgoing aperture 240 of the imaging device of module 245 aDetermined the focal length of imaging device, i.e. j module 245 jWith a screen point P kBetween coverage d aBy corresponding module 245 jShone.This point has also been described among Figure 13 B and the C.Similar with the situation shown in Fig. 7 B and the 12C, but realized a level and smooth transition of overall strength.The important point that needs to be noted is, needn't make physics outgoing aperture 240 be in the final surface of imaging or projected light device, and can be in the inside of these optical devices, be between two lens, or even be in the inside of lens, painted inner surface for example, as shown in Figure 11.
And such aperture 240 also will influence the span width w of incident beam, therefore, under the situation of not using additional divergence or scattering screen, must consider the effective width w of outgoing aperture 240 a, rather than the effective width of full aperture 270 itself, calculate skew or the displacement shown in Figure 18.
With one provide the screen 220 of additional divergence or scattering combined, also can form aperture 240, therefore can be incident beam L dIntensity distributions be chosen as the opposite or relevant function of of angle scattering signatures of screen 220.Under this mode, at the outgoing beam L that belongs to adjacent transmission direction E eBetween a continuous basically intensity transition is provided, also be possible.
Outgoing beam L eCan also have one and be trapezoidal intensity distributions profile basically, promptly be looped around a rectangular basically profile of edge, referring to Figure 13 B and 13C by half Gaussian profile (rather than theoretic full rectangular profile).This also will allow incident beam L dAll directions between minor variations, and can in the image of being seen, not stay visible space.In this case, flow into light beam L dCan be overlapping a little, can realize this point (referring to the overlapping region among Figure 16 242) by the overlapping of a level is provided between aperture 240.The result with can use basic identical that scattering screen 220 realized, referring to Figure 14 C and 15C.
The spatial placement of a shaft-like module 245 and internal structure thereof, its parts has been described among Figure 22.Module 245 comprises a two dimensional display, small dimension LCD display 252 for example, by a led array 254 by a polarising sheet (for example, MOXTEK) or polarization cube 256 it is shone; And a projection optical equipment 258, be similar to the image formation optical device shown in Figure 11.Described two dimensional display can be transmission or reflective-mode LC, LCOS, FLCOS micro-display, LED or OLED display, dmd chip, micro-mechanical grating (GEMS, GLV) or other light valve matrix.In the embodiment of Figure 22, the LCD display of a reflective-mode has been described.
Led array 254 usefulness act on the irradiation unit of irradiation two dimensional display 252.Also can use the light source of other type, for example projector lamp or high-brightness LED or led chip array.They can also can launch white light by different color operations.Module 145 or 245 also will comprise and being used for the suitable Optical devices 257 of the optical projection of light source on described two dimensional display.Except described element, the optical system of irradiation unit can also comprise different optical elements, for example optical lens array, refraction or diffractive plate, polarising sheet, TIR prism, color combination cube and color separated colour filter or color wheel disc or electric switchable optical element.Such optical element is that those of skill in the art are familiar with, and therefore needn't be discussed herein.
Described a led array 254 among Figure 23 in detail.As can be seen from Figure 23, led array 254 comprises by row and row and is arranged in a LED or a led chip in the array, wherein arranges LED or the led chip with same color by row.For a possible actual arrangement, illustrated led array 254 comprises 12 lines, and each bar line is made up of red, green, blue LED (represented by letter r 1～R2, G1～G2 and B1～B2, point to the generation shade of main color more than three kinds).In a line, there are 12 independently addressable LED with same color.Led array 254 is towards projection optical equipment 258, so that can be associated essentially identical horizontal level in the emergent pupil that is arranged in LED in the same row or led chip and projection optical equipment 258, promptly leave the outgoing aperture in horizontal position basically from LED or led chip institute emitted light beams.For example, if a module 245 shown in Figure 22 is in its operating position, then from end view, each row of the led array 254 of Figure 23 will be perpendicular to the plane of Figure 22, and each row of led array 254 will be parallel to the plane of Figure 11.This means that also different horizontal levels is associated in the LED with same color in each row or led chip and the emergent pupil being arranged in.For LED with different colours or led chip, in the time of in they vertically being arranged in each diverse location that is listed as, Optical devices 275 are carried out a scattering strong, one dimension along column direction, be similar to a vertical scatterer, thereby compensated the diverse location in each row, and mixed color.
The image that LCD display 252 is generated is 258 reflections from polarising sheet 256 towards projection optical equipment, the latter by specifically created aperture 240 image towards screen 120 (not shown among Figure 22) projection.Projection optical equipment 258 is used for each pixel of two dimensional display (being LCD display 252 herein) is imaged on the screen as a kind of optical system.The preferable practice is to make projection optical equipment 258 have a wide-angle, inlet and emergent pupil greatly, can generate the projected light beam L with the visible convergence of a fundamental sum d
Being positioned at the rear portion of module 245 at led array 254 with at the driver electronics 242 of LCD display 252, and receive the control input by an input interface 244, the latter can be that the connector of standard connects, for example the DVI connector. Screen irradiation system 150 or 250 modular construction help the service of system.
With reference to Figure 23～26, has explained Figure 23～26: the use to led array 254 allows being incident on the light beam L on screen 120 or 220 dThe control of convergent angle.By the irradiation of control aperture 240, say more accurately, by the irradiating width in the control aperture 240, realize this control.Can realize this point by suitably controlling the light transmitting site in the led array 254.
For example, in a normal operation, by generating 3 subframes in succession, color display in a frame of video wherein, shines each subframe in succession by different colors.For per second generates 30 color framings, LCD display 252 need have the frequency of operation of 3 * 30=90Hz.During each subframe, operate the line of corresponding LED, this means, in a subframe, 4 lines (quite similar color is marked with same letter: R1+R2, G1+G2, B1+B2) of LED will be connected, thereby for LCD display 252 provides uniform in-plane irradiation source basically, therefore, in the present embodiment on ading up to the zone that 4 * 12=48 LED be evenly distributed in about 25 * 25mm, all pixels of LCD display 252 are all suitably shone.
Yet, when hope improves the angular resolution of system, in order to show 3D view with very big degree of depth, in led array 254, in as shown in Figure 23 the subarray 255 of example, it is possible only operating a vertical bar, and it only has 1/4th width of whole LED array 254.In this case, led array 254 will only shine on the outgoing aperture 240 one than fillet (also referring to Figure 24), and the result is, at the emitted light beams L of full duration institute e LocalIn only shine a narrow zone (referring to Figure 26), therefore, in fact, the emitted light beams L of institute e NarrowConvergent angle will be obviously less.This directly causes the angular resolution of whole 3D display apparatus to improve, this means that the observer will see a less lateral movement variation of view afterwards, perhaps the image of being seen can have tangible profile, or even the details place outside screen (high depth pattern).
Certainly, the gap in the image, in a frame, must the irradiation emitted light beams L of institute e TotalWhole width, can have a subarray 255,255 ', 255 by irradiation sequentially " and 255 ' " 4 subframes, realize this point.Under a mode, control restrains incident beam L independently e TotalIn each several part be possible.Yet, must press 4 times to its previous speed operation LCD panel, under this concrete condition, 4 * 90=360Hz, for LCOS more of new generation or FLCOS (ferroelectric liquid crystals on the Ferroelectric Liquid Crystal on Silicon--silicon) panel, this is feasible.The luminous intensity that reduces in order to compensate, it is feasible using the different fill factors at difference irradiation combination.
Obviously, exist the multiple combination that can make the irradiation control that different display modes optimized at different content or illumination condition.Similar with " high depth pattern ", it is feasible using the color fidelity of the main color enhancing display more than 3 kinds.In following sequence R1, G1, B1, R2, G2, B2, the row that exchanges same color is (in this object lesson, youngster ground exchanges in pairs) and press the subframe that double-speed 2 * 90=180Hz operates the LCD panel, shows more accurate color model, can show the 3D view (high-fidelity color mode) of smart tone by whole palette with color true to nature.
For example, under the situation of the high brightness of needs, can sacrifice color image for a gray level image, thereby can operate all LED in the led array 254 simultaneously.This will mean 12 * 12=144 LED irradiation LCD 252 (high brightness pattern).Those of skill in the art will obviously recognize, also are that feasible, above example only is used to illustrate principle of the present invention at other dimension, parameter and the ratio of LCD display 252 and led array 254.
Substituting led array 254 with LED or OLED color micro-display, also is feasible.Control model can be similarly, but has obviously high resolution.As selection, also can arrange and design light, for example, be designed to use an incandescent source (not illustrating in the drawings) irradiation LCD display 252, can have 3 or the color wheel disc of different colour filters joints more than 3 kind by known, realize color operations.
An advantage of this system is, owing in the screen irradiation system, have a large amount of directional light passages, such as being included in the hundreds of module 145, obviously, LED-based irradiation (almost in all respects, it all has plurality of advantages, but except the brightness, this is the reason place of using it for professional projection application why not) become feasible.Although the composograph by a single module 145 is bright inadequately, final resulting 3D rendering is will hundred times of ground bright.On the other hand, be under the situation of video projector in module 145, the 3D projection of carrying out incandescent is possible, also can be applicable to directly be exposed to the outdoor occasion under the sunlight.
Now, turn to Figure 25, what Figure 25 described is, in order to generate the 3D rendering that can see from sizable vertical angle scope, need know outgoing beam L in advance eDivergence δ vertically yThe divergence δ that whether is different from along continuous straight runs xThis characteristic of 3D display system itself is that people are familiar with, and in WO 01/88598 it has been carried out detailed explanation.Use a suitable scattering screen, for example using can be not only vertically, and can along continuous straight runs gives the scattering object screen 220 of outgoing beam a divergence, can realize big vertical scattering best.Usually, the vertical scattering of screen 220 is obviously greater than its horizontal dispersion.Big vertical scattering also helps the vertical displacement d between compensating module 145 and 245 y(also referring to Figure 19,20 and 17).Can realize the screen 120 shown in these figure, so that only a vertical divergence δ yGive in the light beam of institute's transmission, that is, screen 120 is only as a vertical scattering object screen.
Scope of the present invention has covered all such layouts: wherein, along continuous straight runs is periodically arranged a plurality of projection modules, particularly video projector, has the image of varying level parallax to screen prjection.Described screen has big vertical scattering, almost is similar to a vertical scatterer of having eliminated the vertical difference between the upright position that is arranged in the projecting apparatus in a plurality of row, and horizontal dispersion is obviously less than normal simultaneously, thereby has flatly kept its original orientation of incident beam.In the prior art, the angle between the module that the screen scattering angle equals to see from screen since module-screen distance and module cycle realize that necessary angle character is practically impossible.The invention describes method and all such systems of being used to show 3D rendering, wherein the screen level scattering angle is less than the angle between the optics adjacent projections module, thereby started that high-quality 3D shows and according to the video projector of standard, actual build big specification projection 3D display, and the mode of large-scale production holography/diffraction or refraction scattering screen easily.
Among the following figure, will the embodiment of reality of the present invention be described.
The screen of described equipment needn't be for the plane.Figure 27 and 28 has illustrated a kind of module arrangement, wherein, the video projector 345 of upright form is arranged along circular arc line segment or similar curve.Screen 320 itself also is a curve shape.The edge that available side mirror 130 is substituted in viewing areas provides the projecting apparatus 345 ' of necessary view, is similar to the principle of being explained among the WO 01/88598.
Figure 27 and Figure 28 have illustrated in a single line, have periodically arranged module 345 along a curve on substantial horizontal plane.Yet, along many, vertical shift, substantially horizontal curve, be similar to the laying of Figure 18 and 20, arrange that they also are feasible, wherein, module 145 and 245 is in the lines many vertical shifts, substantially horizontal.In these are arranged, module 345 be arranged as can be under the situation of no vertical parallax information projection 2D image, this means that when the observer moves in the vertical direction he will can not see the variation in the image.This restriction is not very serious, because in common watching under the condition, observer's viewpoint only flatly changes.And, because observer's eyes are in the horizontal plane, so human viewer more is sensitive to the variation in the horizontal view naturally.According to principle of the present invention, it is possible introducing vertical parallax information, but this will require the more line group of module, and will obviously increase the cost of described equipment.
Figure 29 and Figure 30 have described the further possible details and the embodiment of the optical system that is used for equipment of the present invention., the module of the 3D display device of a monitor type is integrated in the so-called 3D photo engine 450, therefore, 3D photo engine 450 comprises a plurality of modules 445 as single machine assembly herein.Otherwise the optical system of module 445 is similar to the optical system shown in Figure 21 and 22, and different is their driver to be changed be module driver unit 460.The screen 420 that uses with the 3D photo engine can be similar to screen 120 or screen 220, promptly has additional horizontal divergence or does not have additional horizontal divergence.This structural design is made chain corresponding to current RPTV (rear projection television) just, and wherein, screen, optical system, control circuit and casing are being represented independently unit, sometimes from different providers.This following structure allows more easily to carry out the large-scale production of 3D television set.
Figure 31 and 32 has described the different embodiment of dull and stereotyped 3D display device.In these embodiments, by a mirror 530 (Figure 31) or by a guide structure 535 (Figure 32) folded light beam L dThe path.Described guide structure is by having the refractive index materials manufacturing that is higher than ambient air, and under this mode, can be by controlled total internal reflection on a plurality of, the geometry, the emitted light beams L of institute eGuiding screen 520.The principle of these photoconduction projecting apparatus is that people are familiar with, therefore need be in this detailed not discussed.Those of skill in the art will obviously recognize, exist multiple folded optical path footpath, put to reach more plain cloth, thereby reduce the possibility of whole system specification.In addition, when the scale projecting apparatus is arranged, use a mirror folded light beam L dThe path, basically the depth dimensions of described equipment is reduced by half, perhaps use two mirrors folding twice, to reach more compact layout, also be possible.In Figure 31, a concrete layout has been described, wherein, L dLight beam arrives screen under a very steep angle, prismatic light screen after the screen 220 or film are carried out towards subjectivity and seen that the direction of direction changes.Also can in a step, carry out this direction by dissimilar simple layer holographies or diffraction light screen 520 and change and scattering.
Figure 33 illustrated and can use Fresnel lens 630 or paraboloidal mirror, by the mode that a kind of people were familiar with, automatically 3D rendering 610 transposition of being seen in from the farther position of optical system 650.
As one of principle shown in Figure 33 possible application, Figure 34 has described the CAD design station 600 of a reality, and wherein the image 610 that is generated is projected in the place aheads of observer's eyes, away from sizable optical system 650, thereby provide access easily to whole 3D model, and will be in the access of the part after the screen, thereby doubled available depth field (FOD) to those.For this reason, design station 600 comprises an additional image formation optical device, and its 3D rendering is transposed to a position away from the screen of optical system 650, and for example, additional image formation optical device can comprise the Fresnel lens 630 combined with mirror 635.Design station 600 can also comprise a 3D input equipment 615,3D input equipment 615 similar force feedback touch feeling devices, its help the designer promptly accurately determine a position on the 3D rendering that generates 610, to be treated it as one with known coordinate virtual 3D object, therefore, by the end 616 of mobile 3 D input equipment 615, the user will feel terminal 616 as the image 610 of actual contact to institute's projection.By the perceptibility that the force feedback characteristic strengthens, can avoid the user to push away terminal 616 in the object that " going into " embodied virtually by image 610, perhaps attempt to carry out such when mobile, the resistance of the increase that may generate.From so-called " virtual reality " used, can understand such equipment.
Figure 35 has described one and has had one of scattering object screen 720 embodiment of version thoroughly.Video projector along a line, flatly be arranged in one with the symmetrical position of screen on, the projecting apparatus of virtual earth displacement simultaneously, so that they will exceed the 3D display field.Can such one can be saturating the scattering screen 720 of dispersion realized as a holographic film, for example, holographic film has and screen 220 same angular scattering signatures, is generally used for thin holographic 100% the diffraction efficiency (diffraction and transmission level coefficient) that is lower than but also have.Because diffraction efficiency is far below 100%, so the beholder can be watched by the screen that sees through a glass surface, he can see the real object that is positioned at after the screen, and simultaneously, he also can see the L from the virtual dispersion of projecting apparatus cLight beam.Combined virtual 3D object and real-world object, produce the real sight of a mixing, will be possible, in addition, for the shopper window with light and gas feature and other public display equipment, it still is the very powerful ad tools of a kind of function.
Figure 36 A has described the end view of arranging shown in Figure 35.Screen 720 can be by diffraction to incident beam L dDispersion add a further deflection, but observer O can not see from screen irradiation system 750, i.e. the direct outgoing beam L that arrives from projecting apparatus e(0 grade), and only see disperse or the light beam L of institute's diffraction e Scatter
With regard to above description, the surface creation scattering object screen of an extension of the laminar flow of certain material that also can be by similar steam or high velocity air.For example, Figure 36 B has described a kind of so-called fuzzy screen 820 (itself being that people are familiar with), can be similarly as disperseing scattering screen 720.The advantage of this layout is, can be placed on a unnoticed place to screen irradiation system 850, for example directly be placed under the ceiling, when the observer can not determine its source, and in the time of passing by image, use 3D rendering can reach how beyond thought effect.
Handle can approach the 3D television set thoroughly or monitor that type 3D display is described as another possible embodiment among Figure 45.By using module 145 screen 720 thoroughly from the bottom irradiation under a steep angle, realize that the not too thin 3D display of housing is possible.
The screen thoroughly that attaches to windshield can be used in the automobile driver seat, as driver's head up display (HUD).Embodiment among Figure 46 has illustrated a kind of possible layout of screen 720 and module 145, so that the driver can see important traffic and security information among the true 3D, thereby the only 2D plane picture more information than institute's projection in the space can be provided, be familiar with as people in the prior art.
Figure 38 has illustrated a screen 920 ', and screen 920 ' is periodicity diffraction or refraction feature with an angle, is similar to the grating diffration pattern.Under this mode, screen 920 ' is each incident beam L dBe divided into a plurality of outgoing beam L e, referring to 3 levels-1,0 among the figure ,+1.According to this diffraction structure, the outgoing beam of being divided is passed in a plurality of exit directions.Preferably use screen 920 ', wherein, the angle beta of deflection is essentially the angle between the adjacent diffraction orders, greater than adjacent incident beam L dBetween (and adjacent outgoing beam L eBetween) angle γ multiply by the number of module 145.Otherwise, the emitted light beams L of institute of adjacent diffraction orders e, that is, prick, will interfere with each other.
Figure 37 has described same effect, wherein, replaces transmissive viewing screen 920 ', has used a reflective viewing screen 920, yet screen 920 also has one-period diffraction or refraction feature, but so its can pass on light in a plurality of directions by the direction selection mode.Module 145 is similar to the previous module of discussing described in the version 145.
According to this point, Figure 37 has described another embodiment of 3D display device.This layout is equipped with a screen 920.As described, the characteristic of screen 920 is that it provides the divergence of one-period, is similar to the grating diffration pattern.Under this mode, screen 920 is each incident beam L dBe divided into a plurality of outgoing beam L e, in 5 territories in Figure 37, can see 5 emitted light beams L of institute e -2, L e -1, L e 0, L e + 1And L e + 2According to this diffraction structure, the outgoing beam of being divided is passed in a plurality of horizontal exit directions, consequently each observer who is sitting on the seat 925 can see 3D rendering from a quite little visual angle, and otherwise all observers it will be appreciated that same image.At the cinema, the people that sit on its seat are placed in the quite little zone, their moving range also is restricted, therefore all L eIt is possible that light beam concentrates on this place.Basically say that this is with the independently L of distribution given number eTherefore light beam can provide high angular resolution, thereby allow high 3D quality view, but provide identical 3D view to more beholder in this place.This also is the typical requirement that use in family movie institute or control room.
Figure 40～44 have introduced different module screen cloth if configuration.For example, can be by back projection (referring to Figure 40 and 41) or these modules of front projection (referring to Figure 42 and 43) deployment arrangements.It is transmissives that back projection configurations means screen 120, and module is positioned at after the screen, L eLight beam hits screen from rear side, and its advantage is that the beholder can lean on very closely, and can not produce shade in image.The front projection configuration means module 145 and carries out projection (therefore, these modules are usually on the observer, although they are than the more close screen of observer in Figure 42 and 43) from the same side of observer present position towards screen, thereby requires less space.In this layout, it is reflective that screen is generally.For example, the screen among Figure 42 620 is the reflecting surface of a similar mirror.Adopt a back to have the transmissive screen 120 of mirror, can obtain a such screen 620.Screen 620 ' among Figure 43 is one and half retroeflection mirrors, the horizontal component of its retroeflection light beam, but regular reflection vertical component.
Screen 120 ' is a transmissive viewing screen backward, according to L dThe incident angle of light beam is they lead again symmetrically symmetric points on the opposition side of screen, referring to Figure 41.Can realize a such screen 120 ' by two biconvex lens type optical surfaces, wherein, biconvex lens type optical surface uses common scattering object to guarantee desired scattering signatures.
Those of skill in the art will obviously recognize, exist multiple possibility, and can realize such refraction, reflection/transmissive scattering screen, for example hologram screen, lenticular screen, retroeflection screen, refraction or diffraction scattering body plate, Fresnel lens or their any combination by multiple mode with specific angle feature.
3D display device according to the present invention can be equipped with such scattering object screen, and it has further showed a refraction feature of revising the principal direction of the light beam of being passed on.Figure 44 has illustrated that screen 120 not only can along continuous straight runs, but also can vertically show the refraction feature.In the embodiment of Figure 44, screen 120 and Fresnel lens 122 complementations.
In a preferable selection, by horizontal symmetrical, vertical bank deployment arrangements screen and module.Described such configuration among Figure 35 and the 36A, refracting means or a prism array by any similar Fresnel lens direct light into the central area, can raise the efficiency, and help uniform irradiation.
At from the axle configuration, described another embodiment among Figure 39, wherein, a horizontal arrangement has been described.Each side under desk is in line and arranges two pack modules 145, and desktop is originally as screen 220.The beholder who is positioned at two places can see from light beam L module 145, that lead them at opposition side eThe 3D view that they are seen the phase negative side can be identical with the 3D view of being seen on same screen surface or different fully, because among them everyone will see the different light beams from disparate modules.Not only can also can realize this horizontal arrangement by rectangle by circular form.By in some step, the module of multirow more being placed under the screen, introduce vertical parallax, also be feasible, certainly, should be associated bigger screen scattering angle with this layout.In the occasion of processing horizontal feature 3D data, for example in geological prospecting, landforms simulation, 3D recreation, use such 3D workbench, ideal.
Figure 51 and 52 has described the basic block diagram of data control system of an embodiment of described 3D display device.This data control system comprises a master controller 741, master controller 741 is arranged in a master control unit 740, master control unit 740 is generally a powerful microprocessor with special-purpose software, it can control the input of 3D renderings by input interface 754, and can be by a projecting apparatus interface 746 its presenting to module 145 of supervision.Master controller 741 can also be supervised the calibration function at the cooling system 742 of module 145 and various transducer 744, and for example, transducer 744 can be for following with reference to Figure 47～50 temperature sensor of being explained or image capture devices.Master control unit 740 can be furnished with a UPS 756.
Can be fed to the module from an external source being fed to the projecting apparatus in the module or the different image of two dimensional display unit.It may be such a case: for example, use a 3D video film film.Yet, in many application, usually in CAD uses, memory image (this will seek survival storage huge amount data and the huge amount data are carried out multiplexing) in advance not, and only be shown in the 3D definition of object be fed to control system 740.Then, from control unit 740 (perhaps directly from input interface 754) definition of data (being generally the 3D model of standard or OpenGL stream) is input into the translation group 748, translation group 748 is the corresponding view data of each display in the computing module 145 in real time.By a corresponding translation group interface 752, these view data are input into module 145, translation group interface 752 can be the high performance 3 d graphics card of similar standard from ATI or nVidia.So translation group 748 generates the image that will show on the two dimensional display in the module 145 according to object definition.During data generated, translation group 748 can below will make an explanation to the generation of calibration data according to the necessary modifications of calibration data consideration to view data.
Because translation group 748 must carry out a large amount of calculating usually in the extremely short time, to replenish master control unit 740 with a computer cluster so should predict.A such group has schematically been described among Figure 52.By one independently the individual among the described group of group's administration PC 840 control translate PC 842 (personal computer).In fact, will carry out the group of translation shown in Figure 51 748 function based on the group of PC.
In an embodiment who has more advantage, described 3D display device is equipped with a control unit 740, and control unit 740 comprises and is used for device that the optical system of module 145 is calibrated.The characteristic of this calibrating installation of explaining with reference to Figure 47～50.
Except hardware element described above, described 3D display device can also comprise a light image detector device, camera 800 for example, and this light image detector device can detect the image that optical system generated of one or more module 145.Also camera 800 is connected in control system 740.Control system 740 comprises the corresponding software of an image that is used to control camera 800 and is used to estimate that camera 800 is caught.
Can carry out calibration in the following manner: use a plurality of modules 145, preferably use each module 145, generate selected test pattern to module 145.For example, a test pattern 802 can be a simple cross, perhaps similar people's test pattern that be familiar with, that can easily be labelled by pattern recognition software.Control system 740 each module of indication in the position that defines, for example, are projected in test pattern 802 projections on the test grid 803.Can physically attach to screen 120 to test grid 803, also can only be calculated according to camera images to it.Then, control system 740 can use an image detecting apparatus to detect the test pattern 802 that is generated, and in described this embodiment, image detecting apparatus is a camera 800.Control system comprises a suitable software that is suitable for estimating the image that detected.This software also detects the actual position of institute's projective tests image 802, and judges the difference between actual position and the calibration position.Based on these difference, calibration software generates the calibration data at correlation module.Calibration position is the correct in theory projected position of test pattern.According to calibration data, control system or translation group will carry out necessary modifications in projected position, its will to will be in real time in addition the view data of projection carry out predistortion.Preferable way is that by the two dimensional image on the two dimensional display in the module is translated, the modification projected position also is that feasible, preferable way is to adopt software scenario yet mechanically adjust projection optical equipment.
Also can proofread and correct position error and become image distortion by similar mode.Figure 48 has illustrated under test mode, indicates a module 145 that a test pattern 804 such as grid is projected on the screen 120.Also detect test pattern 804 by camera 800, then, by determining the poor Δ (Δ x, Δ y) with respect to the predetermined point of an error-free in theory test pattern 806, the shape of analytical test pattern.Also can use suitable calibration software to carry out determining to this difference.
When so obtaining calibration data, translation group 748 or master controller 741 are revised the data that are input into module 145 by the projecting apparatus interface.This means to make " anti-distortion " conversion of view data experience, thereby eliminated optical distortion.Therefore, module 145 will be near distortionless image 806 projections in screen, as shown in Figure 49.
At each module 145 storage calibration data.During normal running, translation group 148 is according to calibration data, the input data of modified module 145, and the view data of being revised is sent to projecting apparatus or module 145.
For video image, use corresponding calibration data, revise the input data of each module in real time, and in real time the view data of being revised is sent to 2D display in projecting apparatus or each module.Theoretically, before carrying out actual projection, the calibration of carrying out in advance video data sequences also is feasible, but this requires the storage mass data, is not-so-practical therefore.
Figure 50 A and 50B have illustrated that very similar calibration rules can guarantee that launched and be incident on light beam on the screen from disparate modules 145, hit a predetermined point of module 145 by predetermined intensity.In Figure 50 A, indicating module 145 is adjacent in addition projection to the row that shone 808 about mutually.Camera 800 detects row 808, and analyzes by brightness calibration software.Also can be included in relative brightness or intensity data in the calibration data, after this they can be stored in calibration data and deposit in all devices 758 (referring to Figure 51).Preferable way is to generate at each module respectively and the storage calibration data.Those of skill in the art will obviously recognize, under this mode, misalignment and brightness/contrast are poor on the light flaw of calibration software between can the optical system of compensating module 145, distortion, the geometry.Generally speaking, calibration will extend to the interior distortion of module and the difference of intermodule.A suitable calibration will cause significantly improving of resolution, particularly for details darker in the 3D rendering, thereby improve the uniformity of final image widely.Under the situation that generates 3D rendering in a parallel, when all modules all participated in the construction of whole 3D rendering simultaneously, calibration was the key point that all such systems are normally moved.The ability that the invention describes the quality that how to improve such 3D system and how to make full use of such 3D system.
The present invention is not limited to described and the disclosed embodiments, and other element, improvement and variation also belong to scope of the present invention.For example, the those of skill in the art in this technical field will obviously recognize, can realize light projection system in the module by multiple mode.In addition, module and screen are laid and also can be had numerous versions.

Claims (56)

1. equipment that is used to show 3D rendering, this equipment comprises:
A, a screen (20; 120; 220; 320; 420; 520; 620; 720; 820; 920), have be used for optional to ground transmission scattering of light feature,
B, a screen irradiation system (150; 250; 450; 750; 850), this screen irradiation system comprises:
-be used to generate each point (P that incides screen k) on a plurality of light beam (L d) a plurality of modules (45; 145; 245), these modules are arranged, so that each point of screen shone by a plurality of modules, and an incident beam that module generated is projeced into from this module towards a plurality of different screen point (P k) a plurality of different direction (E i), but also a different incident beam that module generated from screen towards different transmit direction (E i) transmission,
-be used for using the image information of a single picture point of described module, each incident beam is carried out apparatus for encoding, wherein, the 3D rendering that the observer saw is generated by a plurality of modules,
C, a control system is used to control each module,
D, described equipment also comprise and being used for an outgoing divergence (δ x) give by the screen transmission or from the device of the outgoing beam of screen reflection, the measurement of outgoing divergence corresponds essentially to the angle (γ) between the adjacent transmission direction relevant with the optics adjacent modules, so that a continuous basically motion parallax in the 3D rendering that the observer seen to be provided
It is characterized in that,
E, the module of described screen irradiation system comprises imaging device (70; 100), this imaging device is used to generate each bar incident beam, and this each bar incident beam has one this each bar incident beam focused on a screen point (P k) on contraction section, wherein, the convergence (δ of incident beam c) be not more than the outgoing divergence (δ of the light beam of outgoing screen x).
2. equipment according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described screen does not provide additional horizontal divergence, the outgoing divergence (δ of the light beam of the outgoing screen that provides with toilet x) be substantially equal to the convergence (δ of incident beam c).
3. equipment according to claim 1 is characterized in that, except incident convergence (δ c) described screen provides horizontal divergence (δ d), with the outgoing divergence (δ of the light beam that contributes to the outgoing screen x).
4. equipment according to claim 1, wherein, the convergence (δ of the contraction section of incident beam c) angle corresponds essentially to the adjacent transmission direction (E relevant with adjacent block (145j) i) between angle (γ).
5. equipment according to claim 1, wherein, the outgoing aperture has the predetermined shape of the non-homogeneous light intensity distributions of a contraction section that is used to compensate light beam.
6. equipment according to claim 1, wherein, adjacent incident beam (L d) overlapping at least in part, the overlapping region of each light beam (242) have the intensity of a nominal value of an angle intensity distributions that is lower than the center light beam, so that the resulting overlapping intensity of two adjacent beams is basically corresponding to this nominal value.
7. equipment according to claim 1, wherein, adjacent incident beam (L d) in a fringe region, contact.
8. equipment according to claim 1, wherein, adjacent incident beam (L d) between have not irradiated gap.
9. equipment according to claim 1, wherein, outgoing beam (L e) have a divergence (δ who is different from along continuous straight runs x) divergence (δ vertically y).
10. equipment according to claim 1 comprises a scattering object screen (20 that is used for giving along divergence of at least one steering handle outgoing beam; 120; 220; 320; 420; 520; 620; 720; 820; 920).
11. equipment according to claim 9 comprises a scattering object screen (220) that is used to give an additional levels divergence, wherein, and the scattering angle (δ of scattering object screen d) be substantially equal to the angle (γ) between the adjacent transmission direction and the convergence (δ of incident beam c) angle between poor.
12. equipment according to claim 10, wherein, the vertical scattering of described scattering object screen (220) is greater than its horizontal dispersion.
13. equipment according to claim 10, wherein, the screen point with same physical feature forms a uniform screen, and the every bit of described scattering object screen has angle periodically diffraction or refraction feature, wherein, scattering angle is less than diffraction or deflection angle that refraction generated.
14. equipment according to claim 10, wherein, described scattering object screen has also been showed a position according to the incident of incident beam, revises the refraction feature of the principal direction of the light beam of being passed on.
15. equipment according to claim 10, wherein, described scattering object screen (720) comprises hologram screen, lenticular screen, lenticular screen, retroeflection screen, refraction or diffraction scattering body plate, Fresnel Lenses or their any combination, and is perhaps any in the surface of being created by the laminar flow of certain material.
16. according to the described equipment of any one claim in the claim 10～14, wherein, scattering object screen (720) has a plane or curved surface.
17. equipment according to claim 1, wherein, in a substantially horizontal plane along a curve, perhaps by many, vertical shift, substantially horizontal curve periodically arranges module (345), and each module arrangement is projection 2D image under the situation that does not have vertical parallax information.
18. equipment according to claim 1 wherein, is arranged screen and each module by front projection or back projection configurations.
19. equipment according to claim 1, wherein, by horizontal symmetrical, vertical bank deployment arrangements screen and each module.
20. equipment according to claim 19, wherein, described screen is a screen thoroughly (720) with part scattering signatures, the incident beam of no scattering ground transmission part.
21. equipment according to claim 1 wherein, is realized each module (145,345) as video projector, data projector, video projector's photo engine, rear projection television photo engine, LED projecting apparatus or laser-projector.
22. equipment according to claim 1, wherein, module also comprises:
A two dimensional display (252), and
An optical system (100) is used for each pixel of two dimensional display is imaged on screen.
23. equipment according to claim 22, wherein, described module also comprises the irradiation unit that is used for providing to two dimensional display (252) a wide-angle irradiation, and this irradiation unit comprises:
A light source (254),
Optical projection device (257) is used for the optical projection of light source at two dimensional display.
24. equipment according to claim 23, wherein, this light source (254) comprises by row and row and is arranged in a LED or a led chip in the array, wherein be arranged in a row LED or led chip with same color, different horizontal level in each LED or led chip and the emergent pupil is associated, simultaneously the LED or the led chip of the different colours of arranging by row is associated with essentially identical horizontal level in the emergent pupil.
25. equipment according to claim 23, wherein, irradiation unit comprises different main colors more than three kinds (R, G, LED B) or led chip, perhaps the color wheel disc with different colours colour filter joint more than three kinds.
26. equipment according to claim 25 comprises a 3D photo engine, this 3D photo engine comprises a plurality of modules as a single machine assembly.
27. equipment according to claim 26 comprises an additional image formation optical device, its 3D rendering is transposed to a position that frames out.
28. equipment according to claim 27 comprises a photoconductive tube (535), this photoconductive tube is by having the refractive index materials manufacturing that is higher than ambient air, by controlled total internal reflection on a plurality of, the geometry, the beam direction screen.
29. equipment according to claim 25 comprises a substantially horizontal screen (220), and at least one the row group that intersects at the optical projection module that the direction of the large angle scattering of screen arranges.
30. equipment according to claim 29, wherein, control system comprises a computer cluster.
31. equipment according to claim 30, wherein, control system comprises and is used for device that the optical system of module is calibrated.
32. equipment according to claim 31, wherein, the device that is used to calibrate is suitable for the calibration data stored according to institute, modification is input into the 3D rendering data of the display in the module, wherein, calibration data is used to compensate distortion on the geometry of final 3D rendering, misalignment and/or brightness irregularities, thereby is used for the physical image of institute's projection is proofreaied and correct to meeting the image of free from error in theory institute projection.
33. equipment according to claim 32 comprises the device that is used for generating at the optical system of each module (145) calibration data, and the storage device that is used to store the calibration data relevant with the optical system of each module.
34. equipment according to claim 33 comprises the software service that is used to assess institute's detected image, wherein, described software service is suitable for setting up poor between institute's detected image (804) and the free from error in theory image (806).
35. equipment according to claim 33 comprises a light image detector device, is used to detect the image that one or more module generates.
36. equipment according to claim 32, wherein, the device of calibrating is suitable for revising the two dimensional image that constitutes the 3D rendering data.
37. equipment according to claim 36 also comprises:
Be used for device to each module (145) input two dimensional image,
The device that is used to calibrate, this calibration is undertaken by the two dimensional image of revising each module institute projection according to institute's calibration data stored, described calibration data is used to compensate distortion on the geometry that appears at final 3D rendering, misalignment and/or brightness/intensity error, thereby is used for the physical image of institute's projection (804) is proofreaied and correct to meeting the image (806) of free from error in theory institute projection.
38., comprising according to the described equipment of claim 37:
Be used for generating the device of calibration data at the optical system of each module (145), and
The storage device that is used for the storage calibration data relevant with the optical system of each module (145).
39., comprise a light image detector device (800) that is used to detect the image that optical system generated of one or more modules (145), and the software service that is used to assess institute's detected image according to the described equipment of claim 38.
40. according to the described equipment of claim 39, wherein said software service is suitable for setting up poor between institute's detected image (804) and the error free in theory image (806).
41. equipment as claimed in claim 10, described scattering object screen are vertical scattering object screens.
42. equipment as claimed in claim 23, described light source (254) are projector lamp or high-brightness LED or the led chip arrays with different colors or emission white light.
43. equipment as claimed in claim 22, described optical system is used a wide-angle, inlet and emergent pupil are imaged on each pixel of two dimensional display on the screen greatly, and described two dimensional display is LC, LCOS, FLCOS micro-display, LED or OLED display, dmd chip, micro-mechanical grating or other light valve matrix of transmission or reflective-mode.
44. a method that is used to show 3D rendering, this method comprises the following steps:
A is by a plurality of modules (45; 145; 245) generation is incident in and is used for optional screen (20 to ground transmission light; 120; 220; 320; 420; 520; 620; 720; 820; 920) a plurality of light beam (L d),
B is a plurality of different point (P of the light beam that is generated each from a plurality of modules towards screen k) in addition projection, each point of screen is by a plurality of light beam (L from a plurality of direction incidents d) shone, each light beam in described a plurality of light beams generates in different module (145j), and light beam from each screen point towards different transmit direction (E i) transmission,
C, the image information of a single picture point of a 2D image is encoded to each incident beam that is produced by described module in the use module,
D is an outgoing divergence (δ x) give outgoing beam by the screen transmission, the measurement of outgoing divergence is characterized in that corresponding to the angle between the adjacent transmission direction (γ)
E focuses on a screen point (P with at least a portion of incident beam k) on, and will restrain (δ c) be imparted into irradiating light beam and focus on a described part on the screen, wherein convergence being not more than outgoing divergence (δ x).
45., it is characterized in that the transmission of described screen has the incident beam of the convergence of qualification according to the described method of claim 44, and without any additional divergence or scattering, the outgoing divergence (δ of the light beam of the outgoing screen that provides with toilet x) be substantially equal to the convergence (δ of incident beam c).
46. according to the described method of claim 44, wherein, incident beam (L d) convergence (δ c) angle less than outgoing beam (L e) divergence angle (δ x),
Wherein, this method also comprises the following steps:
Except the divergence that convergence caused of incident beam, also an additional divergence (δ d) give outgoing beam (L d), wherein, described additional divergence is introduced by screen, so that the angle of the divergence of outgoing beam corresponds essentially to the angle sum of the convergence of the angle of screen scattering and incident beam.
47. according to the described method of claim 44, light beam only projection in the part of screen, perhaps by at least a portion module the same point of a plurality of light beam projectings on screen.
48. according to the described method of claim 47, wherein, the angle intensity distributions of incident beam is chosen as the inverse correlation function of the angle scattering signatures of screen, distributes, and belong to a level and smooth intensity transition between the outgoing beam of adjacent transmission direction with a constant intensity that provides irradiating light beam.
49. according to the described method of claim 44, also comprise such step: each incident beam is divided into a plurality of outgoing beams, and the outgoing beam of being cut apart is passed in a plurality of exit directions, and in order to cut apart, and each light beam is passed in a plurality of directions that have corresponding to the divergence of the angle between the adjacent transmission direction to ground for optional, use one to have the periodicity diffraction of each screen point or the screen of refraction feature.
50. according to the described method of claim 44, comprise the following steps: to generate the 3D rendering that only has horizontal parallax, wherein, outgoing beam presents the divergence vertically of the divergence that is different from along continuous straight runs, and uses the screen of the scattering angle of a vertical direction greater than the scattering angle of horizontal direction.
51., comprise the following steps: to use incident beam, and the part in the independent control convergence incident beam with controlled convergent angle and transmitting site according to the described method of claim 44.
52., comprise the following steps: according to the described method of claim 51
Use the light source of a controlled extension, generate incident beam, have, wherein, be arranged in a row LED source with same color by going and being listed as each LED source (254) that is arranged in the array,
Each LED source (254) is associated with one of incident beam different horizontal transmitting site, arranges the LED source of different colours simultaneously by the row of the identical horizontal transmitting site that belongs to incident beam substantially, this method also comprises the following steps:
Each LED source (254) in the same column of connection led array, thus shades of colour generated, perhaps a kind of single in fact neutral color,
Give the different row of led array different view direction information distribution, thereby improve the angular resolution of the 3D rendering of being seen, and strengthen observer's depth perception.
53., comprise the following steps: according to the described method of claim 44
Use each module, generate a two-dimentional test pattern (802),
Use an image detecting apparatus (800), detect the test pattern that is generated,
The image (804) that detected of assessment, and, generate calibration data at correlation module according to assessment to the image that detected,
Storage is at the calibration data of each module (145),
According to calibration data, the input data of modified module, and the 2D view data of being revised sent to each module (145).
54., wherein, carry out in real time and use the respective alignment data to the modification of the input data of each module (145) and the transmission of the 2D display of the view data of being revised in each module according to the described method of claim 53.
55. according to the described method of claim 53, also comprise the following steps: to use calibration rules, guaranteeing hitting a predetermined point on the screen by predetermined intensity, thereby compensate optical defect, distortion, how much misalignments and brightness/contrast error between the optical system of each module from the light beam that is incident in screen (120) of disparate modules (145) emission.
56. according to the described method of claim 52, described neutral color is a white.
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