CN100568244C - A kind of method and system of data base dynamic inquiry - Google Patents
A kind of method and system of data base dynamic inquiry Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a kind of method of data base dynamic inquiry, comprising:, from a plurality of metadata that preset, search corresponding metadata according to user's appointed information; Described metadata comprises about the description of inquiry field, about the description of filtercondition, about the description of sort criteria and about inquiring about the description of subobject; According to the metadata information that is obtained, generated query object; The call parameters interface is revised each or combination in any item in inquiry field, filtercondition, sort criteria and four contents of inquiry subobject according to actual demand; According to query object and parameter modification information thereof, generate the SQL query statement; Carry out described SQL query statement, finish data base querying, the return data result set.The present invention can wait and realizes different inquiries by the time import filtration parameter in operation, can satisfy the query demand of numerous and complicated; And significantly reduce the complexity of application maintenance, improve the adaptability and the efficient of inquiry mechanism.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the database application field, particularly relate to a kind of method and system of data base dynamic inquiry.
Background technology
In present a lot of software application system (for example, J2EE enterprise application etc.), often need program and database combination be got up to use, promptly often face the problem of accessing database, data base querying then is a most frequently used operation.And because professional complicacy and polytrope in enterprise's application, data base querying is to use the very high functional module of frequency, causes performance, robustness and extendability to the data query module to require than higher.
In the prior art, generally adopt JDBC (Java Database Connectivity) API by programming fulfillment database query function module.JDBC API is a kind of standard of Java language accessing database, and the DLL (dynamic link library) of a cover Java database is interface and the class in the Java language of one group of standard, uses these interfaces and class, and the Java client-side program can be visited various data of different types storehouse.The accessing operation that database connects such as setting up, the execution SQL statement is carried out data etc.But this programming is more rudimentary, causes workload big, and makes mistakes easily; Secondly, because the programming code amount is too much, also caused the dependence between application code and the data access code too much, the adaptability and the extensibility of code are relatively poor, are unfavorable for safeguarding.These defectives all are difficult to satisfy the demand of present data base querying visit, cause efficient lower.
Prior art also often uses the data base view technology to solve the problems referred to above.View has following characteristics:
A, the inquiry that some are often used can be defined as view, thereby make the user to specify whole conditions for later operation is each, have simplified the understanding of user to data, also can simplify their operation.
B, can only inquire about and revise the data that they can see by the view user, other data in the database then both cannot see also get less than; Promptly can guaranteeing data security property.
After C, the use data base view technology, program can be based upon on the view, thereby program and database table are separated by view, and promptly view can make application program and database table independent to a certain extent.
But still there are some unacceptable defectives in the data base view technology:
1, the data base view technology can only be write logic according to SQL, does not have the Object oriented programming interface, is unfavorable for that the user understands, and conditional parameter can not be set easily.
2, after view definition is finished, can not on-the-fly modify in the runtime.And owing to often need use very many data base querying modes in the large database application program, professional complicated and more variation along with the expansion of business, so many query statement definition and maintenance workload are all very big; And no matter at design period definition how many kinds of inquiry mode, all can not be following all inquiry modes exhaustive and definition come out, if when therefore new variation appears in external environment condition, and view can not on-the-fly modify, then application program is difficult to adapt to the variation of query demand.
3, the view adaptive faculty is poor, and work efficiency is low, is not easy to safeguard; General view needs all fields that may use all to be checked out at every turn, causes the multiplication of data query amount like this, and operational efficiency is low; Then versatility is not good if instead only look into the required field of special scenes, need cause maintenance workload to roll up at each scene difference Design view.Tables of data relation in system changes, and when perhaps query demand changed, all relevant views all needed to revise, and the probability of makeing mistakes is bigger.
4, view is shared in whole application layer, can not realize the session level isolation, might cause influencing each other between each session.
In a word, need the urgent technical matters that solves of those skilled in the art to be exactly at present: a kind of data base querying mechanism of the proposition how can innovate, can tackle data base querying complicated and changeable very easily, and can realize the isolation of session level, to improve the efficient of user inquiring database.
Summary of the invention
Technical matters to be solved by this invention provides a kind of method and apparatus of data base querying, can make amendment to the inquiry foundation in the runtime very easily, and can realize the isolation of session level, to improve the efficient of user inquiring database.
In order to address the above problem, the invention discloses a kind of method of data base dynamic inquiry, comprising:, from a plurality of metadata that preset, search corresponding metadata according to user's appointed information; Described metadata comprises about the description of inquiry field, about the description of filtercondition, about the description of sort criteria and about the description of the relation of inquiry subobject and a plurality of inquiry subobjects; According to the metadata information that is obtained, generated query object; The call parameters interface is revised each or combination in any item in inquiry field, filtercondition, sort criteria and four contents of inquiry subobject according to actual demand, and described modification inquiry subobject comprises the relation of revising a plurality of inquiry subobjects; According to query object and parameter modification information thereof, generate the SQL query statement; Carry out described SQL query statement, finish data base querying, the return data result set.
Preferably, described dynamic query method can also comprise: the metadata information that will be directly obtains according to inquiry and the query object that generates places buffer memory, and duplicate and generate a new query object example and return to caller and use.
Preferably, described dynamic query method can also comprise: behind the poll-final that current caller uses, destroy the query object example that this user uses.
According to another preferred embodiment of the present invention, a kind of device of data base dynamic inquiry is also disclosed, comprise with lower member:
Metadata is searched module, is used for the appointed information according to the user, searches corresponding metadata from a plurality of metadata that preset; Described metadata comprises about the description of inquiry field, about the description of filtercondition, about the description of sort criteria and about the description of the relation of inquiry subobject and a plurality of inquiry subobjects;
The query object generation module is used for according to the metadata information that is obtained, generated query object;
The parameter modification module is used for the call parameters interface, revises each or combination in any item in inquiry field, filtercondition, sort criteria and four contents of inquiry subobject and the relation of revising a plurality of inquiry subobjects according to actual demand;
SQL query statement generation module is used for according to query object and parameter modification information thereof, generates the SQL query statement;
The inquiry execution module is used to carry out described SQL query statement, finishes data base querying, the return data result set.
Preferably, described dynamic queries device can also comprise: query object example creation module is used for the query object that described query object generation module obtains is placed buffer memory, and duplicates and generate a new query object example and return to caller and use.
Preferably, described dynamic queries device can also comprise: the query object example is destroyed module, be used for poll-final that current caller uses after, destroy the query object example that this user uses.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:
In order to solve the many problems of inquiry mode, the invention provides a kind of solution route, application program can be put various inquiry modes into different categories and is defined as the QUERY metadata, the time importing filtration parameter in operation waits and realizes different inquiries, significantly reduce the quantity of query statement like this, but can also satisfy the query demand of numerous and complicated; And it is also more convenient to use OO mode to encode.
Design philosophy provided by the invention and way to manage then can solve the problem that query demand changes well simultaneously, dynamic Q UERY can dynamically change QUERY object inner structure in the runtime, comprise which field of inquiry, related which database table and use which filtercondition etc., thereby change final inquiry mode, so reduce the complexity of application maintenance significantly, can significantly improve the adaptability and the efficient of inquiry mechanism.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the flow chart of steps of the method embodiment of a kind of data base dynamic inquiry of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the structured flowchart of the device embodiment of a kind of data base dynamic inquiry of the present invention.
Embodiment
For above-mentioned purpose of the present invention, feature and advantage can be become apparent more, the present invention is further detailed explanation below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments.
The present invention can be used in numerous general or special purpose computingasystem environment or the configuration.For example: personal computer, server computer, handheld device or portable set, plate equipment, multicomputer system, comprise distributed computing environment of above any system or equipment or the like.
The present invention can describe in the general context of the computer executable instructions of being carried out by computing machine, for example program module.Usually, program module comprises the routine carrying out particular task or realize particular abstract, program, object, assembly, data structure or the like.Also can in distributed computing environment, put into practice the present invention, in these distributed computing environment, by by communication network connected teleprocessing equipment execute the task.In distributed computing environment, program module can be arranged in the local and remote computer-readable storage medium that comprises memory device.
" object " speech among the present invention belongs to the generic term of this area, just it has not been explained in detail in this manual.General, in Java, a class, a method, a variable can be as object, wherein, some object can directly go with (such as the basic variable type, or some static classes, method, variable etc.), and some object cannot directly go to use, need to create the example (like this, can realize the function of object, can directly not destroy the structure of object again) of this object.
With reference to Fig. 1, show the method embodiment of a kind of data base dynamic inquiry of the present invention, can comprise:
Step 101, according to user's appointed information, from a plurality of metadata that preset, search corresponding metadata; Described metadata comprises about the description of inquiry field, about the description of filtercondition, about the description of sort criteria and about inquiring about the description of subobject;
The metadata information that step 102, foundation are obtained, the generated query object;
Step 103, call parameters interface are revised each or combination in any item in inquiry field, filtercondition, sort criteria and four contents of inquiry subobject according to actual demand;
Step 104, according to query object and parameter modification information thereof, generate the SQL query statement;
Step 105, the described SQL query statement of execution are finished data base querying, the return data result set.
Since the proposition of the present invention innovation a kind of QUERY mechanism, therefore, for convenience of explanation, generally be referred to as the QUERY metadata in this manual, QUERY object (query object in the step 102).
Metadata in the step 101 is the data about data; Metadata is not processed object in program, but comes the data of the behavior of reprogramming by the change of its value.It plays a part in operational process with the behavior of interpretive mode control program.For example, at design period, the technician can carry out abstract modeling to the data query form in the application demand, with object-oriented language data query is described, and saves as the metadata of XML form.This XML file mainly is a kind of abstract descriptive data of sorting out back formation to the data query form of original platform.
" during the design " mentioned in the present embodiment and " during operation " belong to the technical term in present technique field, and wherein, " during design " is meant that the software engineer designs the soft project stage of QUERY mechanism; And " during operation " is meant that this QUERY mechanism called and the soft project stage of actual motion by the user.
Below the initialization process of metadata is simply described.Its fundamental purpose is will set the QUERY metadata respectively at different data query demands, because specified entity list incidence relation is different between the different usually QUERY metadata, towards inquiring user also different, so the setting of will classifying, to show difference.For example, for sales order and employee's table, can associate QUERY metadata of definition, inquiry sales order and relevant sales force's information; And purchase order and employee's table also can associate QUERY metadata of definition, are used to inquire about purchase order and relevant procurement staff's information.These two kinds of inquiries obviously are different on search purposes, and the user is also different, can think two class query demands.Specifically in use can change to some extent according to different application scenarioss, as under some situation query portion field, querying condition is not equal under some situation, but can return substantially among this two classes inquiry.
User-specific information in the step 101 can be the key value of QUERY metadata, for example, and QUERY metadata etc.For the ease of inquiry, each QUERY metadata all should have a unique KEY, and the user specifies the QUERY metadata of expectation by KEY.
SQL in the step 104 is the abbreviation of Structured Query Language (Structured Query Language (SQL)).SQL aims at database and the operation commands set set up, is senior deproceduring programming language, allows the user to work on the high level data structure.It does not require that the user specifies the deposit method to data, does not need the user to understand concrete deposit data mode yet, can use identical sql like language as the interface of data input with management so have the disparate databases system of complete different fabrics.Because sql like language belongs to the known technology of this area, is not described in detail in this.
For the automatic process that generates SQL statement of step 104, also belong to the common technology of this area.For example, those skilled in the art generate SQL statement through regular meeting by O-R Mapping framework technology.ORM, be Object-Relation Mapping, its effect is to do a mapping between relevant database and object, like this, the technician is in concrete operating database, just do not need to go and complicated SQL statement is not come into contacts with, it is just passable as long as operate as operand at ordinary times again.For example, utilize O/RMapping preservation, deletion or reading object, get final product and be responsible for generating SQL statement by O/R Mapping.
In the embodiment shown in fig. 1, by the parameter modification of step 103, just can realize satisfying the dynamic queries of multiple demand.General, data query is exactly to select that part of data that the user needs from lot of data; But consider for performance in actual applications, can not be at every turn all data fields be all checked out and return to user's (can cause query script and transmission course tediously long), but inquire about according to actual needs, promptly exist the user to select to inquire about the situation of field, so just produced the demand of dynamic queries.
For example the user may need inquiring user name A and address information B in certain scene, and that inquire about in second scenario is user name A and phone C, and that user inquiring may be user name A and post title D in the 3rd scene.And in traditional inquiry mode, all inquiries all need to define respectively different inquiries and realize; The present invention then only need preset a kind of QUERY metadata and just can satisfy above-mentioned all and required; Because no matter how how the inquiry field becomes incidence relation between above-mentioned its core＜database table of several inquiries〉do not change, can think at same class demand.Owing in the QUERY metadata, the information such as incidence relation between database table have all been set, interface (being used to revise the interface example of inquiry field) by similar SetQueryField () during operation imports the runtime parameter into, be exportable SQL statement that comprises the given query field, thereby realize dynamic queries.
When the database table (inquiry subobject) of required inquiry when only being, then described in the QUERY metadata about the description of inquiry subobject, only describe this database table and get final product.And when the database table (inquiry subobject) of required inquiry when being a plurality of (two or more), can also comprise in the description of the then described metadata that presets about the inquiry subobject: about the description of a plurality of inquiry subobjects relations.
And corresponding, the content that described call parameters interface is made amendment to the inquiry subobject then can also comprise: the relation of revising a plurality of inquiry subobjects.In fact, owing to the internal relation between the database table is that data or field self by its storage determines that in fact modification described here is exactly to add these database tables that existed relations; But since in the original metadata about the not description of corresponding relation in the description of inquiry subobject, so be referred to as " modification ".
On know-why, if can dynamically adjust the database table (comprising the relation between each table) that inquiry field, filtercondition, sort criteria and inquiry are pointed to, then in fact, as long as the query demand that a QUERY metadata just can satisfy various situations is set, because any inquiry can be decomposed into the combination of above-mentioned four elements.
But the present invention is preferred, still needs to preset in advance a plurality of QUERY metadata, to satisfy the query demand of basic kind.Because if the relation that each inquiry all needs to add database table is then too high to the technical requirement of personnel query, and requirement is all very clear to the relation of each database table of bottom, be difficult in the reality use.Therefore, in a preferred embodiment of the invention, mainly special, unconventional query demand at some at the modification of the relation of database table, purpose is to remedy the query demand that some in particular cases can't cover.
In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the direct query object that generates according to the metadata information that obtains of inquiry is placed buffer memory, and duplicate and generate a new query object example and return to caller and use.Such technological improvement can guarantee that inquiring about during session each time of each user all isolate, and can not influence each other.And then, if the poll-final that current caller uses is then destroyed the query object example that this user uses.Certainly, the original QUERY object in the buffer memory then can continue to keep, and uses to offer next session.
With an object lesson the present invention is further described below.
For example, at design period, user QUERY is defined as metadata and preserves into the XML file.
Following main contents have been described in the QUERY metadata:
Selector describes the inquiry field in the SQL statement.
Filter describes the filtercondition in the SQL statement.
Order describes the sort criteria in the SQL statement.
SubObject describes the subobject in the SQL statement.
Dynamic Q UERY mechanism of the present invention can be designed as support and manages and carry out inquiry according to OO mode, contents such as Selector, Filter, Order and SubObject have been safeguarded in its inside according to the SQL grammer, wherein Selector has described all inquiry fields, the tabulation of the Database field that promptly finally will export; Filter is used to describe filtercondition.External user can the runtime by revising and be provided with the output content that filtercondition or inquiry field change SQL query.
Dynamic Q UERY of the present invention mechanism is supported several database tables are carried out correlation inquiry, and its inside has defined the SubObject object and described each different database table, and gathers with a SubObjects and to manage all SubObject subobjects.Relation between each table is described (being included in the SubObject object) with the Relation object, and each Relation has described information such as connected mode between two SubObject and associate field.The runtime external user can concern and on-the-fly modifies the table incidence relation by revising SubObjects object set and Relation, thus influence inquiry output record content.
In actual use, once complete data base querying flow process is as follows usually:
1, the user specifies the QUERY that will inquire about, and searches corresponding metadata information;
2, according to metadata information assembling JAVA memory object;
3, user's call parameters interface according to demand on-the-fly modifies the inquiry mode of QUERY;
4, generate the SQL query statement according to internal memory QUERY object;
5, carry out SQL database inquiry, return data result set.
When external user need use dynamic Q UERY to inquire about, at first want the calling system interface to create the QUERY object, the QUERY object be read in and be assembled in system can according to the QUERY title from the XML of system file.Be to keep the primary object state, the QUERY engine will be placed into original QUERY object in the buffer memory, and clones a new QUERY object instance and return to caller and use.Therefore dynamic Q UERY is isolating during the inquiry session each time, can not influence each other.
Using after QERY creates just to use object to carry out data base querying; Assemble the parameters content of system design phase definition this moment in this object, comprised incidence relation between predefined inquiry field, database table physical name, the table, query filter condition etc.; Can also comprise some other runtime memory object.The user can directly use QUERY to carry out query manipulation and obtain data, also can revise the QUERY content dynamically, carries out various new self-defined inquiries according to demands of applications.Main mode of operation can for: create a parameter sets object for caller, object be set add the content that will revise therein, for example revise Selector and change the inquiry field, or revise Filter and change filtercondition; Even revise SubObjects and Relation revises tables of data relation etc.; After this parameter object is imported into the QUERY object, will be used to dynamically change the QUERY inner structure, carry out data base querying according to new mode.
Behind this poll-final, then can discharge the QUERY object, system will destroy the object instance that the user uses.But the original QUERY object in the buffer memory will continue to keep, and use for next session.
For instance, suppose to have a table correlation inquiry, the user wishes to have following several inquiry under different environment: inquiry field A+B, and inquiry field A+C, inquiry field A+D also may increase new inquiry mode later.
Suppose that the present invention has preset an inquiry field and comprised the QUERY metadata of A+B+C+D (generally presetting field commonly used gets final product, the field that is of little use can run time dynamically add), because the form of data query is described with the mode of memory object structure, therefore can decide concrete inquiry field at the runtime calling interface.For example, use and following similar interface mode:
SetQueryField (A+B) or SetQueryField (A+C) or SetQueryField (A+D)
Can realize the inquiry of different modes;
Certainly, can also use similar interface mode: AddNewTable (TableA, TableB)
The table incidence relation that comes dynamic interpolation not have originally; And these are modified between different user conversations and isolate.
Certainly, those skilled in the art also can adopt other interface mode to realize the modification of parameter, and the present invention does not need to be limited at this.
Again for example, by step 101-104 of the present invention, can obtain following SQL statement:
SELECT″PROVINCE″.FID?AS″ID″，″PROVINCE″.FNumber，″COUNTRY″.FName
FROM?T_BD_Province?AS″PROVINCE″
INNER?JOINT_BD_Country?AS″COUNTRY″ON″PROVINCE″.FCountryID＝″COUNTRY″.FID
WHERE ((" PROVINCE " .FNumber LIKE ' 1 ') AND (" COUNTRY " .FName=' China '))
ORDER?BY″PROVINCE″.FNumber?ASC
Adopt natural language that it is simply described as follows: above-mentioned SQL statement is an inquiry at province and belonging country's data thereof, between the table of country and province by FCountryID association (being SubObject and incidence relation thereof), the inquiry field is the national title (being the Selector part) under the province I D, province title, province, and querying condition is Fnumber (numbering) like ' 1 ' of province table record and national title=' China ' (being the Filter part); Sort criteria is the numbering (being the Order part) of province table.
With reference to Fig. 2, show a kind of device embodiment of data base dynamic inquiry, specifically can comprise:
Metadata is searched module 201, is used for the appointed information according to the user, searches corresponding metadata from a plurality of metadata that preset; Described metadata comprises about the description of inquiry field, about the description of filtercondition, about the description of sort criteria and about inquiring about the description of subobject;
Query object generation module 202 is used for according to the metadata information that is obtained, generated query object;
SQL query statement generation module 204 is used for generating the SQL query statement according to described query object and parameter modification information thereof;
Preferably, also comprise in the description of the described metadata that presets about the inquiry subobject: about the description of a plurality of inquiry subobject relations.Wherein, described parameter modification module also comprises the inquiry subobject content of making amendment: the relation of revising a plurality of inquiry subobjects.
In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, can also comprise: query object example creation module 206, be used for the query object that described query object generation module obtains is placed buffer memory, and duplicate and generate a new query object example and return to caller and use.And then can also comprise: the query object example is destroyed module 207, be used for poll-final that current caller uses after, destroy the query object example that this user uses.
In sum, the present invention can allow database structure realize in logic expandability: after the physical message (mainly referring to list structure, table data) of Database Systems has been finished, if because new business need causes showing the not enough of data, at this moment just can adopt the QUERY technology to expand (expanding data storehouse table and between relation), finish this function by SQL powerful among the QUERY.
Adopt inner structure and relation thereof that the present invention can reduced data storehouse system, because the physics table is many times set up with database normal form regulation analysis, especially can produce bigger difference with practical business aspect the data redundancy processing, adopt QUERY a plurality of tables can be joined together by SQL, produce the data result that adapts with practical business, this has greatly made things convenient for software development and data query, because it is also fairly simple to utilize the SQL of QUERY to write.
Need to prove that each embodiment in this instructions all adopts the mode of going forward one by one to describe, what each embodiment stressed all is and the difference of other embodiment that identical similar part is mutually referring to getting final product between each embodiment.For device class embodiment, because it is similar substantially to method embodiment, so description is fairly simple, relevant part gets final product referring to the part explanation of method embodiment.
More than to the method and apparatus of a kind of data base dynamic inquiry provided by the present invention, be described in detail, used specific case herein principle of the present invention and embodiment are set forth, the explanation of above embodiment just is used for helping to understand method of the present invention and core concept thereof; Simultaneously, for one of ordinary skill in the art, according to thought of the present invention, the part that all can change in specific embodiments and applications, in sum, this description should not be construed as limitation of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1, a kind of method of data base dynamic inquiry is characterized in that, comprising:
According to user's appointed information, from a plurality of metadata that preset, search corresponding metadata; Described metadata comprises about the description of inquiry field, about the description of filtercondition, about the description of sort criteria, about the description of the relation of inquiry subobject and a plurality of inquiry subobjects;
According to the metadata information that is obtained, generated query object;
The call parameters interface is revised each or combination in any item in inquiry field, filtercondition, sort criteria and four contents of inquiry subobject according to actual demand, and described modification inquiry subobject comprises the relation of revising a plurality of inquiry subobjects;
According to query object and parameter modification information thereof, generate the SQL query statement;
Carry out described SQL query statement, finish data base querying, the return data result set.
2, the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, also comprises:
The direct query object that generates according to the metadata information that obtains of inquiry is placed buffer memory, and duplicate and generate a new query object example and return to caller and use.
3, method as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that, also comprises: behind the poll-final that current caller uses, destroy the query object example that this user uses.
4, a kind of device of data base dynamic inquiry is characterized in that, comprising:
Metadata is searched module, is used for the appointed information according to the user, searches corresponding metadata from a plurality of metadata that preset; Described metadata comprises about the description of inquiry field, about the description of filtercondition, about the description of sort criteria and about the description of the relation of inquiry subobject and a plurality of inquiry subobjects;
The query object generation module is used for according to the metadata information that is obtained, generated query object;
The parameter modification module is used for the call parameters interface, revises each or combination in any item in inquiry field, filtercondition, sort criteria and four contents of inquiry subobject and the relation of revising a plurality of inquiry subobjects according to actual demand;
SQL query statement generation module is used for according to query object and parameter modification information thereof, generates the SQL query statement;
The inquiry execution module is used to carry out described SQL query statement, finishes data base querying, the return data result set.
5, device as claimed in claim 4 is characterized in that, also comprises:
Query object example creation module is used for the query object that described query object generation module obtains is placed buffer memory, and duplicates and generate a new query object example and return to caller and use.
6, device as claimed in claim 5 is characterized in that, also comprises:
The query object example is destroyed module, be used for poll-final that current caller uses after, destroy the query object example that this user uses.
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