CN100564794C

CN100564794C - Lever balance head sheave long stroke pumping unit

Info

Publication number: CN100564794C
Application number: CNB2007100542359A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 陈宗武
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2007-04-17
Filing date: 2007-04-17
Publication date: 2009-12-02
Anticipated expiration: 2027-04-17
Also published as: CN101033682A

Abstract

The present invention relates to a kind of lever balance head sheave long stroke pumping unit that is used for oil field pumping crude oil, its main feature is: this machine adopts underlying driving escapement to increase journey, single crank connecting rod and lever balanced structure, driving commutation escapement by the frame lower setting, be connected with the single crank linkage, the single crank linkage is connected with the output shaft of reducer one side, top in frame is provided with center-wheel arbor, the head sheave and the drive that are used for bearing load, drive is by flexible drive parts and drive the commutation escapement and is connected, and what drive the escapement that commutates radially is equipped with the lever balanced controls.Compared with prior art, this machine complete machine structure is simple, is easy to realize long stroke, and in light weight, few easy workout part, and energy-conservation province material, installation and maintenance are conveniently.

Description

Lever balance head sheave long stroke pumping unit

Technical field

The invention belongs to the mechanical oil recovery equip ment technical field, is a kind of lever balance head sheave long stroke pumping unit that is used for oil field pumping crude oil.

Background technology

In technique known, the normally used beam pumping unit in oil field is limit because of its architectural characteristic, and its intrinsic defective is arranged, and is bulky, energy consumption is high, load performance is poor, especially is difficult for realizing long stroke.Therefore, long stroke, low jig frequency, big discharge capacity, heavy duty oil pumper are the research and development directions of domestic and international oil production equipment always.Entered since 21 century, developed various blue elephants both at home and abroad in succession, the employing that its scheme has turns to reversible motor or hydraulic motor to drive the cylinder rotating, realizes the long stroke oil pumping; Employing six bar linkage structures that have increase the stroke of walking beam machine; What have utilizes assembly pulley and the gear-driven journey mode or the like that increases, and these schemes have all obtained beneficial effect in various degree.But, because oil pumper is not have the operation of keeping an eye on continuously in the field of geography and climate complexity, require oil pumper simple in structure, sturdy, reliable, be convenient to maintenance.Therefore, the defective of the equal various degrees of such scheme, as: complex structure, poor reliability, not sturdy, maintenance management is inconvenient, counterbalance effect is poor, power consumption is big, it is many etc. to consume steel.In existing technology, also disclose a kind of head sheave type and do not had the walking beam stroke increased oil pumping machine,, good balance effect energy-conservation, easily realize characteristics such as long stroke with it, progressively enter the oilfield exploitation industry, and in oil production equipment, be used as new architecture with development potentiality and popularizing application prospect, this machine is to drive the roller bearing travel prolongation mechanism by the double-crank double connecting rod to promote the head sheave swing, and pumps by the drive of the wire rope on head sheave sucker rod, realizes the long stroke operation.But when these facility have significant advantage, also some problem demanding prompt solutions of existence in various degree, as: it is many to increase journey componental movement member, structure is comparatively complicated, and stressed big, damages easily, poor reliability, be arranged on the top of frame simultaneously owing to commutate driving and travel prolongation mechanism, on-the-spot installation and maintenance difficulty, manufacturing and operational administrative difficulty are big.Secondly, adopt double-crank double link structure, form price scissors easily, and connecting rod is longer, the material and the accuracy of manufacture of connecting rod are had relatively high expectations, give and make, install and all bring bigger difficulty, increased the weight of complete machine, strengthened manufacturing cost.They are three years old, the balance sysmte of this machine adopts freely-suspended mode, though counterbalance effect is preferably arranged, but rely on head sheave to carry out transmission simultaneously with relative stiction between the wire rope, under big loaded-up condition, particularly when starting or brake, its reliable transmission is poor, and cause the tired and wearing and tearing of wire rope easily, application life is short.Its four, balance weight is in free suspension status, the high-altitude up and down, when the sucker rod suspended end occur to lose was carried, the balance weight of several tons of weights fell from the high-altitude suddenly, and support is caused powerful impact, and the great whipping of wire rope also easily leads to a disaster.

Summary of the invention

The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of simple in structure, moving link is few, in light weight, good balance effect, energy-conservation province material, be convenient to adjust, maintenance management is convenient and realize the lever balance head sheave long stroke pumping unit of long stroke easily.

Realize that the technical scheme that the purpose of this utility model is taked is: this machine is mainly by base, frame, motor, braking mechanism, reducer, crank-link mechanism, head sheave, balance weight is formed, wherein, drive the commutation escapement in frame lower one side by hinged one of bearing, this is taken turns by bearing pin and is connected with the single crank linkage of setting, the single crank linkage is connected with the output shaft of reducer one side, top in frame is provided with center-wheel arbor, one end of wheel shaft is equipped with the head sheave that is used for bearing load, the other end is equipped with drive, drive is connected by the driving commutation escapement of flexible drive parts and bottom, and what drive the escapement that commutates radially is equipped with the lever balanced controls.

Described driving commutation escapement is provided with the pin shaft hole that is used to adjust the connecting rod link position more than.

Described lever balanced controls are made up of balance bar, balance weight, balance keeper, and wherein, the balance keeper adopts screw member, are installed in the bottom of balance bar by support, and balance weight is suspended on the balance bar by the lift heavy bar that has roller bearing.

The tail end of described lever balanced controls can dispose secondary balanced controls, this mechanism is by secondary balance weight, slide rail, roller, limiting bracket and positive stop are formed, wherein, slide rail is hinged on the tail end of balance bar by bracing frame, secondary balance weight is by being suspended on the track of slide rail along track free rolling roller, the two ends of track are provided with postive stop baffle, elastic buffering pad is equipped with in the baffle plate inboard, side at slide rail is provided with the limiting bracket that is used to limit the slide rail angle of inclination, positive stop up and down is housed on the support, and the prolongation of slide rail one end abuts against support up and down between the positive stop.

Described flexible drive parts adopts wire rope, and this becket bridle is on drive and driving commutation escapement, and its joint area is connected by euphroe.

The steel cable fixture that is used to prevent the wire rope slip is equipped with at the race place, bottom of described driving commutation escapement.

According to the lever balance head sheave long stroke pumping unit that such scheme is made, this machine adopts underlying driving escapement to increase journey, single crank connecting rod and lever balanced structure, has advantages such as compact conformation, machine volume is little, in light weight, installation is simple, easy to maintenance.Simultaneously, the interlock of escapement, drive and head sheave is realized increasing journey under utilizing, and this machine maximum stroke can be reached more than 10 meters.Secondly, utilize lever-type balanced structure, can alleviate the weight of balance weight greatly, especially the secondary balanced controls of supporting employing self-adjustable, the coefficient of balance of oil pumper can be brought up to more than 120% by former walking beam machine 70%, thereby can reduce the peak torque of reducer output shaft, increase the hoisting power of oil pumper.Compare with beam pumping unit, the complete machine weight of this machine is lighter, and necessary electromotor rated power is little, consumes steel and can save more than 35%, and the energy consumption of use can reduce more than 45%.And stroke, jig frequency and adapt to load and all can adjust easily, need not change mechanism's preparation, different oil well situations and variation thereof are had the bigger scope of application.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a structural representation of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is the lateral view of Fig. 1;

Fig. 3 is the motion state schematic diagram that drives commutation escapement top dead-centre;

Fig. 4 is the motion state schematic diagram that drives commutation escapement bottom dead centre.

The specific embodiment

Referring to Fig. 1, Fig. 2, each label is respectively among the figure: braking mechanism 1, motor 2, reducer 3, crank 4, connecting rod 5, sucker rod 6, polished rod eye 7, lifting rope 8, head sheave 9, drive 10, center-wheel arbor 11, frame 12, wire rope 13, euphroe 14, pin shaft hole 15, drive commutation escapement 16, balance bar 17, postive stop baffle 18, elastic buffering pad 19, roller 20, slide rail 21, upper limit block 22a, lower limit block 22b, limiting bracket 23, secondary balance weight 24, balance weight 25, lift heavy bar 26, balance adjustment part 27, steel cable fixture 28, base 29, bearing 30.

Lever balance head sheave long stroke pumping unit of the present invention, buncher 2 is adopted in its power section, and is positioned at a side of base 29 with braking mechanism 1 and reducer 3, and the connection of each one and structure still adopt known technology, are not giving unnecessary details herein.This machine adopts underlying driving escapement to increase the journey structure, its structure is: by axle bed center-wheel arbor 11 is installed at pumping unit shelf 12 tops, the front end of center-wheel arbor 11 is fixed with the head sheave 9 that is used for bearing load, lifting rope 8 is in the grooving of head sheave 9, the one end is fixed on the head sheave 9, and the other end is connected with sucker rod 6 by polished rod eye 7.The rear end of center-wheel arbor 11 is fixed with the drive 10 that has spiral drum slot, wire rope 13 is wrapped in the spiral drum slot, utilize the spiral drum slot transferring power, phase mutual friction when relative sliding friction between not only can preventing to restrict, take turns under the big loaded-up condition and wire rope 13 twine on drive 10, and can make each running of complete machine synchronously strict, also can prolong the application life of steel cable.Frame 12 bottoms corresponding with drive 10, by bearing 30 hinged driving commutation escapements 16, this take turns by around wire rope 13 be connected with drive 10, and drive drive 10 swing together thereupon, for preventing that wire rope 13 from sliding, at the race place, bottom that drives commutation escapement 16 steel cable fixture 28 is housed, the joint area of wire rope 13 adopts euphroe 14 tensionings to connect.On driving commutation escapement 16, be provided with an above pin shaft hole 15, and be connected with connecting rod 5,, can regulate the link position of connecting rod 5, change the angle that drives 16 swings of commutation escapement, the adjustment of realization oil pumper stroke size with this by pin shaft hole 15 by bearing pin.The other end of connecting rod 5 is connected with crank 4 on the power output shaft that is installed in reducer 3 by crank-pin.This machine has adopted single connecting rod single crank structure, the price scissors that not only can effectively avoid the double link double-crank to be easy to generate, and the underlying drives structure by being provided with can be shortened the length of connecting rod 5 greatly, reach the simplification housing construction, save the purpose of raw materials consumption.

In the present invention, the lever balanced controls have been adopted, this mechanism is installed on the end face that drives commutation escapement 16 1 sides, form by balance bar 17, balance weight 25, lift heavy bar 26 and balance regulating part 27, wherein, balance bar 17 is packed in the diametrical position that drives commutation escapement 16 1 side end faces, balance weight 25 is suspended on the balance bar 17 by lift heavy bar 26 in the mode of integral body or split assembling, contact site between lift heavy bar 26 and the balance bar 17 is equipped with one or more roller bearings, can make balance weight 25 light mobile adjustment on balance bar 17.Balance adjustment part 27 is for screw rod holds out against member, is installed in the bottom of balance bar 17 by support, utilizes balance adjustment part 27, can adjust and the position of fixed balance weight 25.

The tail end of lever balanced controls can dispose secondary balanced controls, and this mechanism is made up of monolithic or assembled secondary balance weight 24, slide rail 21, roller 20, limiting bracket 23 and upper and lower spacing block 22a, 22b.Wherein, slide rail 21 is hinged on the tail end of balance bar 17 by bracing frame, and secondary balance weight 24 is connected with roller 20 by hanging stick, and roller 20 can be single or be installed on the track of slide rail 21 in the mode of wheels, can come and go along track and roll.The two ends of track are provided with postive stop baffle 18, elastic buffering pad 19 is equipped with in the baffle plate inboard, the limiting bracket 23 that is provided with in a side of slide rail 21, upper and lower spacing block 22a, the 22b of removable adjusting are housed on the support, the prolongation of slide rail 21 1 ends abuts against between the upper and lower spacing block 22a of support, the 22b, in order to regulate and to limit the obliquity of slide rail 21.

The operating principle of this machine is: pass through the belt transmission part by motor 2, through reducer 3 outputting powers, drive crank 4, connecting rod 5 and change rotatablely moving of reducer 3 reciprocating motion of connecting rod clutch end into, and make by connecting rod 5 and to drive commutation escapement 16 reciprocally swingings.Under the drive of wire rope 13, make head sheave 9 reciprocally swingings by drive 10, and drive removing of lifting rope 8 realization sucker rods 6.In addition, by adjusting connecting rod 5 and the link position of driving commutation escapement 16 and the link position of connecting rod 5 and crank 4, can realize the adjustment of stroke length easily.And, can make this machine adapt to the balance needs of different size suction load by adjusting the weight of balance weight 25.

Referring to Fig. 3, Fig. 4, be respectively drive that commutation escapement 16 pendulum are supreme, the view during bottom dead centre.Commutation escapement 16 pendulum are supreme when driving, during bottom dead centre, the suspension point of sucker rod 6 respectively the corresponding position at bottom dead centre and upper dead center position.Along with the swing that drives commutation escapement 16, the linear displacement of putting on drive 10 circumference equates with the linear displacement that drives commutation escapement 16 cylindricals, this displacement has also determined the pendulum angle of drive 10, and make the identical angle of head sheave 9 swing by center-wheel arbor 11, during head sheave 9 swings, the maximum displacement of its excircle is the stroke of sucker rod 6 just.Therefore, drive on the commutation escapement 16 between the bottom dead centre radially that angle is a maximum pendulum angle, the size at this angle has determined the length of suspension point stroke.In the swing process that drives commutation escapement 16, balance bar 17 related balance weights 25 are swung thereupon, and its counter balance torque can be offset the heavy duty load of sucker rod 6 when mentioning sucker rod 6.According to lever principle coefficient of balance is adjusted at 100% o'clock, can make the fluctuating load of oil pumper suspension point up-down stroke change symmetrical load into, eliminate the difference between the load peak-to-valley value fully.

When using secondary balanced controls, along with balance bar 17 make progress be rocked to top dead-centre the time, slide rail 21 right-hand member under the effect of upper limit block 22a is downward-sloping, secondary balance weight 24 is suspended in the low order end of slide rail 21 by its deadweight, the balance arm of force reaches the longest, and trimming moment reaches maximum value.At this moment, escapement begins the commutation swing, and drives the pumping stroke that sucker rod carries out heavy duty, can reduce the dynamic load(loading) that sucker rod 6 promotes stroke greatly.When balance bar 17 is rocked to bottom dead centre, slide rail 21 becomes left end under the effect of lower limit block 22b downward-sloping, secondary balance weight 24 moves to the high order end of slide rail 21 by its deadweight point of suspension, the balance arm of force reaches the shortest, it is minimum that trimming moment reaches, and at this moment, escapement begins the commutation swing, and the drive sucker rod carries out unloaded decline stroke, the load of balance weight in the time of can reducing sucker rod 6 decline strokes.Circulation and so forth, in the process of sucker rod 6 up-down stroke load alternations, the size of trimming moment also changes automatically synchronously, can reduce the volume and weight of balance weight, can improve coefficient of balance simultaneously, reduces the rated load of motor 2 greatly.

Claims

1, a kind of lever balance head sheave long stroke pumping unit, be by base, frame, motor, braking mechanism, reducing gear, crank-link mechanism, head sheave, balance weight is formed, it is characterized in that: drive the commutation escapement by hinged one of bearing in frame lower one side, this is taken turns by bearing pin and is connected with the single crank linkage of setting, the single crank linkage is connected with the output shaft of reducer one side, top in frame is provided with center-wheel arbor, one end of wheel shaft is equipped with the head sheave that is used for bearing load, the other end is equipped with drive, drive is connected with the driving commutation escapement of bottom by flexible drive parts, what drive the commutation escapement radially is equipped with the lever balanced controls, and dispose secondary balanced controls at the tail end of this mechanism, wherein, the lever balanced controls are by balance bar, balance weight, the balance adjustment part is formed, the balance adjustment part adopts screw member, be installed in the bottom of balance bar by support, balance weight is suspended on the balance bar by the lift heavy bar that has roller bearing, secondary balanced controls are by secondary balance weight, slide rail, roller, limiting bracket and positive stop are formed, slide rail is hinged on the tail end of balance bar by bracing frame, secondary balance weight is by being suspended on the track of slide rail along track free rolling roller, the two ends of track are provided with postive stop baffle, elastic buffering pad is equipped with in the baffle plate inboard, side at slide rail is provided with the limiting bracket that is used to limit the slide rail angle of inclination, positive stop up and down is housed on the support, and the prolongation of slide rail one end abuts against support up and down between the positive stop.

2, lever balance head sheave long stroke pumping unit according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described driving commutation escapement is provided with the pin shaft hole that is used to adjust the connecting rod link position more than.

3, lever balance head sheave long stroke pumping unit according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described flexible drive parts adopts wire rope, and this becket bridle is on drive and driving commutation escapement, and its joint area is connected by euphroe.

4, lever balance head sheave long stroke pumping unit according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the steel cable fixture that is used to prevent the wire rope slip is equipped with at the race place, bottom of described driving commutation escapement.