CN100559169C - A kind of colloidal titration is with reagent and application in determining charge density of polyelectrolyte - Google Patents
A kind of colloidal titration is with reagent and application in determining charge density of polyelectrolyte Download PDFInfo
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- CN100559169C CN100559169C CNB2006100259399A CN200610025939A CN100559169C CN 100559169 C CN100559169 C CN 100559169C CN B2006100259399 A CNB2006100259399 A CN B2006100259399A CN 200610025939 A CN200610025939 A CN 200610025939A CN 100559169 C CN100559169 C CN 100559169C
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- 238000004448 titration Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 229920000867 polyelectrolyte Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 229920000447 polyanionic polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000012488 sample solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229950003937 tolonium Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- HNONEKILPDHFOL-UHFFFAOYSA-M tolonium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].C1=C(C)C(N)=CC2=[S+]C3=CC(N(C)C)=CC=C3N=C21 HNONEKILPDHFOL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000012086 standard solution Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000003222 pyridines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- HNTGIJLWHDPAFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-bromohexadecane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCBr HNTGIJLWHDPAFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000084 colloidal system Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001291 vacuum drying Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- CLWAXFZCVYJLLM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-chlorohexadecane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCl CLWAXFZCVYJLLM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- OCBHHZMJRVXXQK-UHFFFAOYSA-M benzyl-dimethyl-tetradecylazanium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CCCCCCCCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)CC1=CC=CC=C1 OCBHHZMJRVXXQK-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003093 cationic surfactant Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000003760 magnetic stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000003556 assay Methods 0.000 description 5
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 241000370738 Chlorion Species 0.000 description 4
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 4
- -1 alkyl sulfonic acid Chemical compound 0.000 description 4
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 4
- WZAPMUSQALINQD-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium;ethenyl sulfate Chemical compound [K+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)OC=C WZAPMUSQALINQD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 125000003368 amide group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 3
- HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylamide Chemical compound NC(=O)C=C HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000019270 ammonium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000032050 esterification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005886 esterification reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920000831 ionic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 2
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia chloride Chemical compound [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 240000002853 Nelumbo nucifera Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000006508 Nelumbo nucifera Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000006510 Nelumbo pentapetala Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000002834 Paulownia tomentosa Species 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000004308 accommodation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 1
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010985 leather Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 239000012046 mixed solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002401 polyacrylamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000001953 recrystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003384 small molecules Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sulfonate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)=O BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000006277 sulfonation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- Investigating Or Analyzing Non-Biological Materials By The Use Of Chemical Means (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of colloidal titration with reagent and application in determining charge density of polyelectrolyte, this reagent is colloidal titration standard polyanion reagent (PAMPSK), its application comprises the water-soluble cationic polyelectrolyte sample solution of employing standard polyanion reagent solution titration the unknown, behind the equivalent point, the superfluous standard polyanion electrolyte PAMPSK of trace combines with the toluidine blue indicator, solution is become purplish red by blueness, directing terminal.Compare with traditional standard polyanion reagent, it is stable that the present invention has structural behaviour, and measurement data waits characteristics accurately and reliably.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of new colloidal titration with the poly-2-methyl of standard polyanion reagent-2-acrylamido propane sulfonic acid potassium (PAMPSK), introduced the application background of PAMPSK in more detail, as the assay method of colloidal titration with the demarcation of the feature request of standard reagent, concentration of standard solution and relevant water-soluble cationic charge density of polyelectrolyte.
Background technology
Colloid titration method (Colloidal Titration) claim the polyelectrolyte titration again, because complex polyelectrolyte particle fully is ionized into charged polyion and anti-lotus small ion under proper condition, and just, combination between negative polyion (being polycation and polyanion) is stoichiometric, therefore can utilize the polyelectrolyte sample of oppositely charged of polyelectrolyte titration the unknown of known charge density and stable performance, by certain ad hoc approach directing terminal, thereby reach the purpose of sample being carried out charge measurement.Colloidal titration is initiated in 1948 by Japanese scholar temple mountain torrents, the mid-1970s doctor Halabisky is applied to paper industry with this technology the earliest, now become and detected one of most important analysis means of paper making wet part electric charge, in water treatment field, colloidal titration is used to the electric density of polymeric flocculant is carried out assay determination, also all has a wide range of applications in many industry such as leather, alcohol, food.Though through 50 years of development, but still in being in continuous research and improving, mainly be round the improvement of endpoint and seek the standard polyelectrolyte of excellent performance.The seventies, the flourish professor of paulownia proposes with poly-N, the N-diallyldimethylammonium chloride is made the standard polycation and has just further been verified the colloidal titration ratio juris, make Colloidal Titration Technology be able to further widespread use, and the polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) potassium sulfonate (PVSK) that adopts when always continuing to use temple mountain torrents invention colloidal titration as the standard polyanion, require its esterification degree greater than 90% as standard reagent, the preparation of PVSK is to be made through sulfonation by polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), therefore structure itself exists unsettled ester bond, application practice shows that the PVSK that non-solution shape is stored very easily is subjected to light, heat, factor affecting such as oxygen cause esterification degree to descend, even complete failure, therefore avoid or improve the defective of above-mentioned existence, should seek the more stable standard polyanion reagent of a kind of structural behaviour.
Summary of the invention
Purpose of the present invention is exactly to provide the stable colloidal titration of a kind of structural behaviour with reagent and the application in determining charge density of polyelectrolyte in order to overcome the defective that above-mentioned prior art exists.
Purpose of the present invention can be achieved through the following technical solutions:
A kind of colloidal titration reagent is characterized in that, this reagent is colloidal titration standard polyanion reagent, promptly poly-2-methyl-2-acrylamido propane sulfonic acid potassium (PAMPSK), and its molecular structure is as follows:
Described poly-2-methyl-2-acrylamido propane sulfonic acid potassium has higher molecular weight, and its degree of polymerization is greater than 600.
The degree of polymerization preferred 800～1500 of described poly-2-methyl-2-acrylamido propane sulfonic acid potassium.
The application of reagent in determining charge density of polyelectrolyte of a kind of colloidal titration, it is characterized in that, this application comprises: with standard polyanion reagent, the water-soluble cationic polyelectrolyte sample solution of promptly poly-2-methyl-2-acrylamido propane sulfonic acid potassium (PAMPSK) solution titration the unknown, behind the equivalent point, the superfluous standard polyanion electrolyte PAMPSK of trace combines with the toluidine blue indicator, and solution is become purplish red by blueness, directing terminal.
Described application comprises following processing step:
(1). the preparation of sample solution
The pulverized specimen m that takes by weighing certain mass restrains in beaker, is accurate to 0.0002g, and sample weighting amount is fixed according to the solid content and the electric density of sample, and deionized water dissolving is transferred in the 250mL volumetric flask, the dilution constant volume; Contain the cationic polyelectrolyte sample of ester bond structure, regulate pH3～4 with HCl;
(2). the mensuration of sample solid content
Employing takes by weighing about 1g sample prior to the measuring cup of 105 ± 2 ℃ of following dry constant weights in advance, is accurate to 0.0002g, places vacuum drying chamber, at 105 ± 2 ℃, the about 0.095MPa of gauge pressure dry 5 hours down, taking-up is placed on and is cooled to room temperature in the exsiccator, weighing is until constant weight;
The solid content of representing with mass percent (x1) is calculated as follows:
In the formula: m
1-dry back sample is in measuring cup quality, g
m
0-measuring cup quality, g
The m-sample mass, g
Tolerance: the arithmetic mean of the capable measurement result of making even is a measurement result, and single measured value of powdery sample and mean deviation are less than 1%, and the colloid sample is less than 5%;
(3). the mensuration of electric density
Accurately pipette sample solution 10mL in the above-mentioned steps (1) in the 250ml triangular flask with transfer pipet, add deionized water 60mL dilution, 0.1% toluidine blue indicator 3-4 drips, and puts into magnetic stir bar, triangular flask is placed on the magnetic stirring apparatus, use concentration in (0.5-3) * 10
-3The PAMPSK standard solution titration of mol/l, blueness becomes purplish red directing terminal, does blank simultaneously, and the volume that consumes the PAMPSK titer is designated as V respectively
0And V
The molar charge equivalent that is contained in every gram over dry polyelectrolyte sample is defined as the electric density (I) of polyelectrolyte, and its dimension is eq/g, and computing formula is as follows:
I＝C
PAMPSK×(V-V
0)/(40×m×x
1)
In the formula:
I: the electric density of cationic polyelectrolyte, eq/g
C
PAMPSK: the concentration of PAMPSK standard solution, mol/l
V: the volume of the PAMPSK titer that the titration sample consumes, mL
V
0: the volume of the blank PAMPSK titer that consumes of titration, mL
M: sample quality, g
x
1: solid content, %
40: conversion coefficient
(4). tolerance
The arithmetic mean of the capable measurement result of making even is a measurement result, and single measured value and average measurement value maximum deviation are not more than 3%.
Described PAMPSK is (0.5-3) * 10 as colloidal titration with the suitable concentration of standard polyanion reagent solution
-3Mol/l.
Described PAMPSK standard polyanion reagent solution concentration can be demarcated as primary standard substance with the cationic surfactant that comprises bromohexadecane yl pyridines, chloro-hexadecane yl pyridines or myristyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride.
From molecular structure, can think that the polymerization single polymerization monomer of PAMPSK is replaced by the alkyl sulfonic acid molecule by a hydrogen atom on the amide group on the acrylamide molecule, amide group is shielded by closing on two methyl like this, can not accept the foreign molecules effect, amide group is protected, improve its thermal stability, particularly in aqueous solution, be difficult for taking place hydrolysis reaction; In addition, alkyl replaces on the molecule-SO
3-Group belongs to strong acid group, and pH accommodation is wide, and hydrability is strong, makes PAMPSK have good water-solubility, and experiment finds that PAMPSK and toluidine blue have the stronger metachromasia energy that combines.
With standard reagent certain molecular weight requirement is arranged as colloidal titration, if the degree of polymerization is low excessively, then the reaction of the metering between polyelectrolyte not exclusively, the analysis result poor reliability, too high then easy adsorption indicator causes the titration end-point deviation, causes analyzing the data discrete increase.
PAMPSK should have suitable solution concentration as colloidal titration with standard polyanion reagent, and excessive concentration or low excessively influences the reaction velocity of polyelectrolyte chain internode, and easily causes titration to consume the deviation of volume, thereby causes the error of assay determination.
Embodiment
Is example with the bromohexadecane yl pyridines as primary standard substance, and embodiment is as follows:
1.PAMPSK the preparation of standard solution: take by weighing 0.38g powdery PAMSK in clean beaker, deionized water dissolving moves in the 1000ml volumetric flask, the dilution constant volume.
2.PAMPSK the demarcation of concentration of standard solution: accurately take by weighing bromohexadecane yl pyridines (CPB) m=0.1581g (being accurate to 0.0002g) that purifies through recrystallization in clean beaker with pan paper, deionized water dissolving, move in the 250ml volumetric flask dilution constant volume.Accurately pipette above-mentioned CPB solution 10ml respectively in the 250 tapered triangular flasks with transfer pipet, add the 60ml deionized water, adding 0.1% toluidine blue indicator 3-4 drips, use the PAMPSK standard solution titration, sample solution becomes purplish red directing terminal by blueness, the double blank of doing, the volume that consumes the PAMPSK titer is respectively V
0=0.35ml, V=10.81ml.
3.PAMPSK the concentration computing formula of standard solution is as follows:
C
PAMPSK＝10×m×1000/〔402.46×(V-V
0)×250〕
＝10×0.1581×1000/〔402.46×(10.81-0.35)×250〕
＝1.502×10
-3mol/l
In the computing formula: 402.46 for the molecular weight of bromohexadecane yl pyridines (containing water of crystallization).
4. tolerance: the arithmetic mean of the capable measurement result of making even is a measurement result, and maximum relative deviation is no more than 0.5%.
Embodiment
Kation polyacrylamide colloid sample 1#, 2# (two membered copolymers of acrylamide monomer and acrylyl oxy-ethyl-trimethyl salmiac cation monomer), 3-4 time (its purpose is to have neither part nor lot in the remaining small molecule monomer of reaction or the charged side chain that the various possible factors of manufacture process cause rupturing on the macromolecular chain with flush away through mixed solvent (volume ratio of acetone and deionized water is 8: the 2) cyclic washing of acetone and deionized water, the micromolecule side chain of this fracture does not participate in the reaction with standard polyanion reagent, also be the electric charge that had lost efficacy in some sense), washings places 105 ± 2 ℃, be dried to constant weight in the vacuum drying chamber of the about 0.095MPa of gauge pressure, take out sample and place power supply lotus analytical test usefulness in the exsiccator, the sample solid content is in 100%.
Test its electric density by the analysis test method of the charge density of polyelectrolyte that provides among the present invention, the compare test method adopts general Potential Titration Analysis method, and test result sees Table 1.The Potential Titration Analysis method is used for carrying out the chlorion analysis, represent (dimension is eq/g) with chlorion molar charge equivalent contained in every gram absolute dried sample, because the electric density of polyelectrolyte comes from the kation chain link acrylyl oxy-ethyl-trimethyl salmiac on the macromolecular chain, under the aqueous solution state, the anti-lotus small ion that it such as is dissociated into fully at molar equivalent is a chlorion, so the chlorion molar charge equivalent that records of Potential Titration Analysis is equal to the electric density of treated PAMC sample.
Table 1
The embodiment explanation, with PAMPSK as colloidal titration with standard polyanion reagent, and the assay method of the water-soluble cationic charge density of polyelectrolyte of mentioning in the invention, measure the result of PAMC electric density, very approaching with the result who records with traditional standard polyanion PVSK, also almost consistent with the electric density result who records with compare test method Potential Titration Analysis, illustrate that the electric density of measuring cationic polyelectrolyte as novel colloidal titration with the water-soluble cationic charge density of polyelectrolyte assay method among standard polyanion reagent and the present invention with PAMPSK is accurately and reliably.
Claims (6)
1. a colloidal titration reagent is characterized in that, this reagent is colloidal titration standard polyanion reagent, promptly poly-2-methyl-2-acrylamido propane sulfonic acid potassium, and its molecular structure is as follows:
2. a kind of colloidal titration reagent according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described poly-2-methyl-2-acrylamido propane sulfonic acid potassium degree of polymerization is greater than 600.
3. a kind of colloidal titration reagent according to claim 2 is characterized in that, the degree of polymerization of described poly-2-methyl-2-acrylamido propane sulfonic acid potassium is 800～1500.
4. the colloidal titration application of reagent in determining charge density of polyelectrolyte, it is characterized in that, this application comprises: with standard polyanion reagent, the water-soluble cationic polyelectrolyte sample solution of promptly poly-2-methyl-2-acrylamido propane sulfonic acid potassium solution titration the unknown, behind the equivalent point, the superfluous poly-2-methyl of the standard polyanion electrolyte-2-acrylamido propane sulfonic acid potassium of trace combines with the toluidine blue indicator, and solution is become purplish red by blueness, directing terminal.
5. a kind of colloidal titration application of reagent in determining charge density of polyelectrolyte according to claim 4 is characterized in that described application comprises following processing step:
(1). the preparation of sample solution
The pulverized specimen m that takes by weighing certain mass restrains in beaker, is accurate to 0.0002g, and sample weighting amount is fixed according to the solid content and the electric density of sample, and deionized water dissolving is transferred in the 250mL volumetric flask, the dilution constant volume; Contain the cationic polyelectrolyte sample of ester bond structure, regulate pH3～4 with HCl;
(2). the mensuration of sample solid content
Employing takes by weighing about 1g sample prior to the measuring cup of 105 ± 2 ℃ of following dry constant weights in advance, is accurate to 0.0002g, places vacuum drying chamber, at 105 ± 2 ℃, the about 0.095MPa of gauge pressure dry 5 hours down, taking-up is placed on and is cooled to room temperature in the exsiccator, weighing is until constant weight;
The solid content of representing with mass percent is calculated as follows:
In the formula: m
1-dry back sample is in measuring cup quality, g
m
0-measuring cup quality, g
The m-sample quality, g
Tolerance: the arithmetic mean of the capable measurement result of making even is a measurement result, and single measured value of powdery sample and mean deviation are less than 1%, and the colloid sample is less than 5%;
(3). the mensuration of electric density
Accurately pipette sample solution 10mL in the above-mentioned steps (1) in the 250ml triangular flask with transfer pipet, add deionized water 60mL dilution, 0.1% toluidine blue indicator 3-4 drips, and puts into magnetic stir bar, triangular flask is placed on the magnetic stirring apparatus, use concentration in (0.5-3) * 10
-3The poly-2-methyl of mol/l-2-acrylamido propane sulfonic acid potassium standard solution titration, blueness becomes purplish red directing terminal, does blank simultaneously, and the volume that consumes poly-2-methyl-2-acrylamido propane sulfonic acid potassium titer is designated as V respectively
0And V,
The molar charge equivalent that is contained in every gram over dry polyelectrolyte sample is defined as the electric density of polyelectrolyte, and its dimension is eq/g, and computing formula is as follows:
Electric density I=C
PAMPSK* (V-V
0)/(40 * m * x
1)
In the formula:
I: the electric density of cationic polyelectrolyte, eq/g
C
PAMPSK: the concentration of poly-2-methyl-2-acrylamido propane sulfonic acid potassium standard solution, mol/l
V: the volume of poly-2-methyl-2-acrylamido propane sulfonic acid potassium titer that the titration sample consumes, mL
V
0: the volume of the blank poly-2-methyl-2-acrylamido propane sulfonic acid potassium titer that consumes of titration, mL
M: sample quality, g
x
1: solid content, %
40: conversion coefficient
(4). tolerance
The arithmetic mean of the capable measurement result of making even is a measurement result, and single measured value and average measurement value maximum deviation are not more than 3%.
6. according to claim 4 or the 5 described a kind of colloidal titrations application of reagent in determining charge density of polyelectrolyte, it is characterized in that described poly-2-methyl-2-acrylamido propane sulfonic acid potassium standard polyanion reagent solution concentration can be demarcated as primary standard substance with the cationic surfactant that comprises bromohexadecane yl pyridines, chloro-hexadecane yl pyridines or myristyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride.
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Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1410762A (en) * | 2002-11-28 | 2003-04-16 | 华南理工大学 | Photometry of paper pulp suspension liquid colloid dissolving electric charge |
| JP7011487B2 (en) * | 2018-02-20 | 2022-01-26 | 東京瓦斯株式会社 | Subsidence measurement system |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1410762A (en) * | 2002-11-28 | 2003-04-16 | 华南理工大学 | Photometry of paper pulp suspension liquid colloid dissolving electric charge |
| JP7011487B2 (en) * | 2018-02-20 | 2022-01-26 | 東京瓦斯株式会社 | Subsidence measurement system |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
|---|
| 胶体滴定方法及其研究进展. 陈玉蕉，何北海.造纸化学品，第1期. 2000 |
| 胶体滴定方法及其研究进展. 陈玉蕉，何北海.造纸化学品，第1期. 2000 * |
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