CN100554990C - The determination methods of deterioration of accumulator and deterioration of accumulator judgment means - Google Patents

The determination methods of deterioration of accumulator and deterioration of accumulator judgment means Download PDF

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CN100554990C
CN100554990C CNB2004800138529A CN200480013852A CN100554990C CN 100554990 C CN100554990 C CN 100554990C CN B2004800138529 A CNB2004800138529 A CN B2004800138529A CN 200480013852 A CN200480013852 A CN 200480013852A CN 100554990 C CN100554990 C CN 100554990C
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accumulator
temperature
voltage
reference temperature
value
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CN1791804A (en
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岩根典靖
渡边勇一
杉村竹三
佐藤敏幸
木村贵史
岩花史和
稻庭克己
加纳哲也
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Furukawa Electric Co Ltd
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

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Abstract

When judgement has comprised the degradation mode of accumulator in the system of the formation that accumulator is connected with load, the temperature of judging the degradation mode of accumulator is preestablished as reference temperature, the internal storage battery resistance components of actual measurement is transformed to value under the reference temperature, voltage between terminals when being battery discharging under the reference temperature with this value transform, voltage between terminals during with the battery discharging under this reference temperature and deterioration decision threshold are compared, and judge the degradation mode of accumulator.

Description

The determination methods of deterioration of accumulator and deterioration of accumulator judgment means
Technical field
The present invention relates to the determination methods of deterioration of accumulator and accumulator the deterioration judgment means, measure the technical field of secondary cell degradation mode determination methods etc. that load is provided the degradation mode of the method for internal driving of secondary cell of electricity and device, judgement secondary cell.
Background technology
About the inspection method of the residual capacity and the degradation mode of accumulator, the whole bag of tricks is by known.For example, accumulator is discharged fully, measuring capacity, capacity is judged the method for degradation mode thus.But, because the method needs discharge fully, be difficult to use in the accumulator that links to each other, is in use with load, because Measuring Time is also long, so be not practical method.Therefore, having developed can be at short notice, the method for the judgement of the degradation mode of the accumulator in using.
For example, under the situation that the serviceability temperature of accumulator changes, detect the cell voltage and the serviceability temperature of accumulator, be modified to cell voltage under the reference temperature by the cell voltage under the temperature that will detect, the method for judgement of degradation mode of carrying out accumulator is by known (opening the 2001-185233 communique with reference to the spy).
Further, proposed to go up the secondary cell of the lead accumulator installed etc., measured the technology (for example, opening flat 10-56744 communique) of its internal driving with reference to the spy about automobile etc.Usually, because, can judge the degradation mode of secondary cell, so be unusual important techniques by measuring the impedance of secondary cell inside.The internal driving of secondary cell can by detecting the electric current and the response voltage of the secondary cell of flowing through respectively, utilize this two-value under the state that does not charge or discharge, the computing of stipulating is obtained.
Open in the flat 10-56744 communique above-mentioned spy, as the method for measuring the secondary cell internal driving, proposed secondary cell is applied the discharge current of certain frequency,, obtained the method for internal driving by discharge current waveform and response voltage waveform are carried out Fourier transform.According to corresponding method, can be to obtain the impedance of secondary cell inside than higher precision, that can judge secondary cell exactly can judge the degradation mode of secondary cell exactly to obtain the impedance of secondary cell inside than higher precision.
Further, the known secondary cell of going up the lead accumulator installed etc. about automobile etc. is judged the technology (for example, opening the 2001-228226 communique with reference to the spy) of its degradation mode.Usually, because the internal driving of secondary cell and the degradation mode of secondary cell have very strong correlativity,, judge that from its measurement result the deterioration degree of secondary cell becomes possibility if measure the internal driving of secondary cell.Thus, can urge the user to change the big secondary cell of deterioration degree.When realizing judging the power-supply system of degradation mode of secondary cell, as long as for secondary cell provides predetermined electric current, detect the electric current and the voltage of secondary cell, by the computing of stipulating, the formation of obtaining internal driving gets final product.
Further, about the hermetic type lead accumulator, the known technology (for example, opening flat 9-232005 communique) of obtaining internal driving by the cell voltage in its discharge current and the discharge with reference to the spy.Usually, the hermetic type lead accumulator is discharged with predetermined some cycles, the discharge current of mobile certain frequency, discharge current waveform to its discharge current carries out Fourier transform, obtain with the certain frequency Fourier transform value of the discharge current waveform that is basic frequency, voltage responsive waveform to the current/voltage in the discharge carries out Fourier transform, obtain with the certain frequency Fourier transform value of the voltage responsive waveform that is basic frequency, the Fourier transform value of voltage responsive waveform is obtained internal driving divided by the Fourier transform value of discharge current waveform.
Usually, because the situation of having supposed in the outdoor ground station room of having taken in observation device and communicator etc. etc., to use, on automobile etc., the situation of situation, multiple region and the environment for use of secondary cell is installed, so guarantee that in the temperature range of non-constant width the regular event of secondary cell is important.On the other hand, the internal driving of secondary cell depends on temperature, changes greatly, particularly has the tendency that enlarges markedly at low temperatures.Therefore, even the internal driving at normal temperatures in the allowed band also can bring obstacle to the use of secondary cell at low temperatures.Which kind of that is,, be necessary after method carrying out the temperature correction of secondary cell, to obtain internal driving with for the correct degradation mode of judging secondary cell.
Patent documentation 1: the spy opens the 2001-185233 communique;
Patent documentation 2: the spy opens flat 10-56744 communique;
Patent documentation 3: the spy opens the 2001-228226 communique;
Patent documentation 4: the spy opens flat No. 232005 communiques.
If open that the method for putting down in writing in the 2001-185223 communique is used for accumulator that the purposes that charging voltage and charged state change or the purposes of carrying out sudden discharge use and at load change greatly or during the accumulator of installing on accumulator that uses under the irregular situation of load change and the environmental change situation about waiting greatly or the vehicle at automobile etc. above-mentioned spy, because the problem points of judgement of the degradation mode of accumulator can not be correctly carried out in the cell voltage that detects change, existence.
Further, opening the method for putting down in writing in the flat 10-56744 communique the spy is the method that secondary cell is applied the pulse current of certain frequency.Therefore, be necessary to design circuit, can cause the rising of the complicated and cost of formation for the pulse current that generates certain frequency.In addition, when asking the internal driving of secondary cell, the pulse current in the cycle of flowing in secondary cell exists the repetition original unnecessary possibility that discharges and recharges, the probably consumption that also can increase secondary cell.
Usually, known secondary cell discharges and recharges in order to repeat, and can produce polarization near electrode.Then, in above-mentioned method in the past, be through with discharge and recharge after, when measuring the internal driving of secondary cell, the influence that is polarized consumingly becomes problem.Because the internal driving of the secondary cell of measuring under the state of the influence that has been subjected to polarization like this can produce error, in method in the past, it is difficult trying to achieve internal driving accurately.
Further, the temperature characterisitic of the internal driving of approximate secondary cell is difficult simply, and the temperature correction of carrying out internal driving accurately is very difficult.In addition, except temperature characterisitic, according to the user mode of secondary cell, internal driving also changes, and the temperature characterisitic drift becomes problem.That is, compare, used the secondary cell internal driving increase relatively of certain hour with new secondary cell.Even measured the internal driving according to the secondary cell of temperature characterisitic and user mode variation like this, the degradation mode of the battery that judges rightly also is difficult.
Summary of the invention
Therefore, 1 purpose of the present invention be to provide a kind of can be at short notice and also correctly carry out with use that load links to each other in the deterioration determination methods of accumulator of judgement of degradation mode of accumulator.Other 1 purpose of the present invention is when measuring the internal driving of secondary cell, because be under state with the charging and discharging currents inflow secondary cell that does not have periodic various waveform, carry out the Fourier transform of electric current and response voltage, the measurement internal driving carries out like this, so when the rising of the formation of avoiding complicated and cost can be provided, suppress the measuring internal impedance method of the possible secondary cell of the consumption of secondary cell etc.
In addition, in addition 1 purpose of the present invention is to provide when measuring the internal driving of secondary cell, eliminates the influence that polarizes, and can obtain the measuring internal impedance method etc. of the secondary cell of high-precision internal driving.In addition 1 purpose of the present invention is to realize to revise really the temperature characterisitic of the internal driving of secondary cell, can judge the secondary cell degradation mode determination methods of the degradation mode of secondary cell accurately.
The 1st form of the deterioration determination methods of accumulator of the present invention is based on the measurement result of the internal resistance composition of described accumulator, judges the deterioration determination methods of accumulator of the degradation mode of the described accumulator in the system comprise the formation that accumulator is connected with load.It is characterized in that, be that the temperature that will judge the degradation mode of described accumulator in advance is set at reference temperature, variation of temperature according to described internal resistance composition is obtained in advance as the resistance temperature correction factor, the relation of voltage between terminals is obtained in advance as the resistive voltage conversion coefficient during with the discharge of internal resistance composition in the described reference temperature and the described accumulator the during discharge current that is predetermined by described accumulator that flows under described reference temperature, the temperature of the described accumulator when measuring the internal resistance composition of described accumulator and described internal resistance composition measurement, is the value of the internal resistance composition under the described reference temperature based on described resistance temperature correction factor with the value transform of the internal resistance composition of described measurement, voltage between terminals value during described battery discharging under the described reference temperature that based on described resistive voltage conversion coefficient with the value transform of the internal resistance composition under the described reference temperature is, voltage between terminals during with the described battery discharging under the described reference temperature and predefined deterioration decision threshold are compared, and judge the degradation mode of described accumulator.
The 2nd form of the deterioration determination methods of accumulator of the present invention is based on the measurement result of the internal resistance composition of described accumulator, judges the deterioration determination methods of accumulator of the degradation mode of the described accumulator in the system that comprises the formation that accumulator is connected with load.It is characterized in that, be that the temperature that will judge the degradation mode of described accumulator preestablishes as reference temperature, to obtain in advance as the resistance temperature correction factor according to the temperature variation of described internal resistance composition, with the internal resistance composition under the described reference temperature with under described reference temperature, the relation of drop-out voltage is obtained in advance as the resistive voltage conversion coefficient during discharge of the described accumulator when having flowed the discharge current that is predetermined by described accumulator, the temperature of the described accumulator when measuring the internal resistance composition of described accumulator and described internal resistance composition measurement, based on described resistance temperature correction factor, with the value transform of the internal resistance composition of described measurement is the value of the internal resistance composition under described reference temperature, based on described resistive voltage conversion coefficient, the value of drop-out voltage when being described battery discharging under the described reference temperature with the value transform of the internal resistance composition under the described reference temperature, drop-out voltage during with the described battery discharging under the described reference temperature and predefined deterioration decision threshold are compared, and judge the degradation mode of described accumulator.
The 3rd form of the deterioration determination methods of accumulator of the present invention is based on the measurement result of the internal resistance composition of described accumulator, judges the deterioration determination methods of accumulator of the degradation mode of the described accumulator in the system that comprises the formation that accumulator is connected with load.It is characterized in that, be that the temperature that will judge the degradation mode of described accumulator preestablishes as reference temperature, to obtain in advance as the resistance temperature correction factor according to the variation of temperature of described internal resistance composition, the temperature of the described accumulator when measuring the internal resistance composition of described accumulator and described internal resistance composition measurement, based on described resistance temperature correction factor, with the value transform of the internal resistance composition of described measurement is the value of the internal resistance composition under described reference temperature, the value and the predefined deterioration decision threshold of the internal resistance composition under the described reference temperature are compared, judge the deterioration determination methods of accumulator of the degradation mode of described accumulator.
The 4th form of the deterioration determination methods of accumulator of the present invention is characterised in that, be described reference temperature in the serviceability temperature scope of described accumulator, and the value of voltage between terminals is the deterioration determination methods of the accumulator of minimum temperature when being set to discharge when having flowed the discharge current that is predetermined by described accumulator.
The 5th form of the deterioration determination methods of accumulator of the present invention is characterised in that, is the deterioration determination methods that the current waveform of the described discharge current that is predetermined was considered to come down to and represented the accumulator of the current waveform of the current waveform equivalence of necessary current sinking in working time of described load.
The 6th form of the deterioration determination methods of accumulator of the present invention is characterised in that, is the deterioration determination methods of the accumulator of the above value of the described deterioration decision threshold necessary minimum voltage of action that is described load.
The 7th form of the deterioration determination methods of accumulator of the present invention is characterised in that, is the deterioration determination methods of the accumulator of the following value of the drop-out voltage value of the described deterioration decision threshold necessary minimum voltage of action that is described load.
The 8th form of the deterioration determination methods of accumulator of the present invention is characterised in that, the deterioration determination methods of the accumulator of the following value of the value of the internal resistance composition of necessary minimum voltage when being the action that is described load of described deterioration decision threshold.
The 9th form of the deterioration determination methods of accumulator of the present invention is characterised in that, with the internal resistance composition under the described reference temperature with the deterioration determination methods of the accumulator of the minimum voltage of the voltage between terminals during the described battery discharging in the operation that the relation of voltage between terminals is obtained in advance as the resistive voltage conversion coefficient during the described battery discharging when having flowed the discharge current that is predetermined by the described accumulator under the described reference temperature when being described battery discharging.
The 10th form of the deterioration determination methods of accumulator of the present invention is characterised in that, in the operation that the relation of the voltage between terminals will be in internal resistance composition under the described reference temperature and the described battery discharging when having flowed the discharge current that is predetermined by the described accumulator under the described reference temperature time is obtained in advance as the resistive voltage conversion coefficient, the voltage between terminals during described battery discharging is to begin deterioration determination methods through the accumulator of the voltage after the certain hour from described battery discharging.
The 11st form of the deterioration determination methods of accumulator of the present invention is characterised in that, be among the accumulator more than 2, at least 1 accumulator is judged degradation mode, when described 1 accumulator is in the degradation mode of prediction or degradation mode, can discern the deterioration determination methods of the accumulator of its state.
The 12nd form of the deterioration determination methods of accumulator of the present invention is characterised in that, be to comprise: have the degradation mode of judging 2 described accumulators at least, when accumulator is in the degradation mode of prediction or degradation mode, show to need charging or change the information of pairing accumulator and continue to use the display part of the information that can continue to use accumulator, store the storage part of the process of described accumulator.At least preserve charging and use or continue to use the process of possible accumulator, perhaps/and deterioration determination methods with accumulator of the control/judging part that continues the program judged.
The 13rd form of the deterioration determination methods of accumulator of the present invention is based on the discharge performance of this accumulator, judges the deterioration determination methods of accumulator of the degradation mode of the described accumulator in the system that comprises the formation that accumulator is connected with load.It is characterized in that, be predetermined the temperature range more than 2, in each this temperature range, set reference temperature arbitrarily, the measurement temperature of measuring when select judging the degradation mode of described accumulator, at least 1 reference temperature with described temperature range correspondence, the temperature of judging the degradation mode of described accumulator is preestablished as reference temperature, the correlation that the discharge performance of measurement and described accumulator has correlationship under desired temperatures, temperature amendment type based on the described correlation of obtaining in advance, temperature and described correlation when described correlation is measured, described correlation is transformed to correlation under the described reference temperature, the discharge performance of obtaining described accumulator based on the certain relational expression and the described correlation after the conversion of correlation and described discharge performance, discharge performance under the described reference temperature of obtaining and predefined deterioration decision threshold are compared, judge the deterioration determination methods of accumulator of the degradation mode of described accumulator.
The 14th form of the deterioration determination methods of accumulator of the present invention is based on the discharge performance of this accumulator, judges the deterioration determination methods of accumulator of the degradation mode of the described accumulator in the system that comprises the formation that accumulator is connected with load.It is characterized in that, the measurement temperature of measuring when set judging the degradation mode of described accumulator and based on the reference temperature more than 2 of the value of this measurement temperature, the temperature of judging the degradation mode of described accumulator is preestablished as reference temperature, the correlation that the discharge performance of measurement and described accumulator has correlationship under desired temperature, temperature amendment type based on the described correlation of obtaining in advance, temperature and described correlation when described correlation is measured, described correlation is transformed to correlation under the described reference temperature, based on certain relational expression of correlation and described discharge performance and the described correlation after the conversion, obtain the discharge performance of described accumulator, under desired temperature, measure and correlation that the discharge performance of described accumulator has correlationship the value under the more described reference temperature more than 2 or judge the deterioration determination methods of accumulator of degradation mode of the described accumulator of mutual correlationship.
The 15th form of the deterioration determination methods of accumulator of the present invention is based on the discharge performance of described accumulator, judges the deterioration determination methods of accumulator of the degradation mode of the described accumulator in the system that comprises the formation that accumulator is connected with load.It is characterized in that, the temperature of judging the degradation mode of described accumulator is preestablished as reference temperature, the correlation that the degradation mode of measurement and described accumulator has correlationship under desired temperature, temperature amendment type based on the described correlation of obtaining in advance, temperature and described correlation when described correlation is measured, described correlation is transformed to correlation under the described reference temperature, based on certain relational expression of correlation and described discharge performance and the described correlation after the conversion, obtain the discharge performance of described accumulator, discharge performance under the described reference temperature of obtaining and predefined deterioration decision threshold are compared, judge the deterioration determination methods of accumulator of the degradation mode of described accumulator.
The 16th form of the deterioration determination methods of accumulator of the present invention is characterised in that, described correlation is the dc resistance, AC impedance value of the internal resistance composition of described accumulator or as the deterioration determination methods of the accumulator of the conduction value of conductance for alternating current value of the inverse of described AC impedance value etc.
The 17th form of the deterioration determination methods of accumulator of the present invention is characterised in that, the relational expression that is described regulation be the voltage between terminals of the described accumulator when having flowed the electric current of time changing pattern of the current sinking that is equivalent to load or the time changing pattern with the current sinking of load of having flowed be as the criterion electric current the time the deterioration determination methods of accumulator of voltage between terminals of described accumulator.
The 18th form of the deterioration determination methods of accumulator of the present invention is characterised in that, the deterioration determination methods of the accumulator of the maximum temperature that is that described reference temperature is set in the use of the regulation of described accumulator may temperature range, the discharge performance of battery descends.
The 19th form of the deterioration determination methods of accumulator of the present invention is characterised in that, is that described reference temperature is set to the deterioration determination methods of accumulator that deducts the temperature of uniform temperature from described desired temperatures.
The 20th form of the deterioration determination methods of accumulator of the present invention is characterised in that, is that described reference temperature is set to the deterioration determination methods with the accumulator of the temperature of the corresponding regulation of each temperature band at described desired temperatures place.
The 1st form of the deterioration judgment means of accumulator of the present invention is based on the measurement result of the internal resistance composition of described accumulator, judges the deterioration judgment means of accumulator of the degradation mode of the described accumulator in the system that comprises the formation that accumulator is connected with load.It is characterized in that, be to have comprised: the temperature that will judge the degradation mode of described accumulator preestablishes as reference temperature, will be owing to the variation of temperature of described internal resistance composition is obtained in advance as the resistance temperature correction factor, with the internal resistance composition under the described reference temperature and the relation of the voltage between terminals during the described battery discharging when having flowed the discharge current that is predetermined by the described accumulator under the described reference temperature obtain the battery temperature measurement section of the temperature of the described accumulator when measuring the internal resistance composition of described accumulator and described internal resistance composition measurement in advance as the resistive voltage conversion coefficient; Based on described resistance temperature correction factor, be the internal resistance composition transformation component of the value of the internal resistance composition under the described reference temperature with the value transform of the internal resistance composition of described measurement; Based on described resistive voltage conversion coefficient, the voltage between terminals transformation component of the value of the voltage between terminals when being described battery discharging under the described reference temperature with the value transform of the internal resistance composition under the described reference temperature; Voltage between terminals during with the described battery discharging under the described reference temperature and predefined deterioration decision threshold are compared, and judge the deterioration judgment means of accumulator of degradation mode judging part of the degradation mode of described accumulator.
The 2nd form of the deterioration judgment means of accumulator of the present invention is based on the measurement result of the internal resistance composition of described accumulator, judges the deterioration judgment means of accumulator of the degradation mode of the described accumulator in the system that comprises the formation that accumulator is connected with load.It is characterized in that, be to have comprised: the temperature that will judge the degradation mode of described accumulator preestablishes as reference temperature, to obtain in advance as the resistance temperature correction factor according to the variation of temperature of described internal resistance composition, with the internal resistance composition under the described reference temperature with under described reference temperature, the relation of the drop-out voltage during described battery discharging when having flowed the discharge current that is predetermined by described accumulator is obtained in advance as the resistive voltage conversion coefficient, the battery temperature measurement section of the temperature of the described accumulator when measuring the internal resistance composition of described accumulator and described internal resistance composition measurement; Based on described resistance temperature correction factor, be the internal resistance composition transformation component of the value of the internal resistance composition under described reference temperature with the value transform of the internal resistance composition of described measurement; Based on described resistive voltage conversion coefficient, decline voltage transformating part when being the discharge of the value of the drop-out voltage during described battery discharging under the described reference temperature with the value transform of the internal resistance composition under the described reference temperature; Drop-out voltage during with the described battery discharging under the described reference temperature and predefined deterioration decision threshold are compared, and judge the deterioration judgment means of accumulator of degradation mode judging part of the degradation mode of described accumulator.
The 3rd form of the deterioration judgment means of accumulator of the present invention is based on the measurement result of the internal resistance composition of described accumulator, judges the deterioration judgment means of accumulator of the degradation mode of the described accumulator in the system that comprises the formation that accumulator is connected with load.It is characterized in that, be to have comprised: the temperature that will judge the degradation mode of described accumulator preestablishes as reference temperature, to obtain the battery temperature measurement section of the temperature of the described accumulator when measuring the internal resistance composition of described accumulator and described internal resistance composition measurement according to the variation of temperature of described internal resistance composition in advance as the resistance temperature correction factor; Based on described resistance temperature correction factor, be the internal resistance composition transformation component of the value of the internal resistance composition under described reference temperature with the value transform of the internal resistance composition of described measurement; The value and the predefined deterioration decision threshold of the internal resistance composition under the described reference temperature are compared, judge the deterioration judgment means of accumulator of degradation mode judging part of the degradation mode of described accumulator.
The 4th form of the deterioration judgment means of accumulator of the present invention is based on the discharge performance of described accumulator, judges the deterioration judgment means of accumulator of the degradation mode of the described accumulator in the system that comprises the formation that accumulator links to each other with load.It is characterized in that, be to have comprised: the temperature that will judge the degradation mode of described accumulator preestablishes as reference temperature, the correlation that the discharge performance of measurement and described accumulator has correlationship under desired temperature, temperature and described correlation when measuring based on the temperature amendment type of the described correlation of obtaining in advance, described correlation are transformed to described correlation the correlation transformation component of the correlation under the described reference temperature; Based on certain relational expression of correlation and described discharge performance and the described correlation after the conversion, obtain the discharge performance calculating part of the discharge performance of described accumulator; Discharge performance under the described reference temperature of obtaining and predefined deterioration decision threshold are compared, judge the deterioration judgment means of accumulator of degradation mode judging part of the degradation mode of described accumulator.
The 5th form of the deterioration judgment means of accumulator of the present invention is characterised in that, be to comprise: among the accumulator more than 2, at least 1 accumulator is judged degradation mode, when described 1 accumulator is in state that prediction worsens or degradation mode, can discern the deterioration judgment means of accumulator of the display part of its state.
The 6th form of the deterioration judgment means of accumulator of the present invention is characterised in that, it is to have comprised: degradation mode with at least 2 described accumulators of judgement, when accumulator is in the prediction state of deterioration or degradation mode, shows the information of the accumulator that needs charging or change needed correspondence and continue to use possible continuation to use the display part of the information of accumulator; Store the storage part of the process of described accumulator.Preserve charging at least use or continue to use possible accumulator process or/and have the deterioration judgment means of the accumulator of the control/judging part that continues the program judged.
The 1st form of the measuring internal impedance method of secondary cell of the present invention is characterised in that, it is charging current or discharge current input current as secondary cell, measure the input current and the response voltage of described secondary cell, on time shaft, obtain a plurality of current measurement values and voltage measuring value, by described a plurality of current measurement values of obtaining and a plurality of voltage measuring value are carried out Fourier transform respectively, obtain described input current under the certain frequency and each frequency content of described response voltage, obtain the ratio of the frequency content of the frequency content of described input current and described response voltage, calculate the measuring internal impedance method of secondary cell of the internal driving of the described secondary cell under the described certain frequency.
The 2nd form of the measuring internal impedance method of secondary cell of the present invention is characterised in that, be that described a plurality of current measurement value and described a plurality of voltage measuring value are made of N the measured value of taking a sample under each certain time interval Δ t, the secondary cell measuring internal impedance method that the described input current value under the described assigned frequency and each frequency content of described response voltage are obtained by discrete Fourier transform (DFT).
The 3rd form of the measuring internal impedance method of secondary cell of the present invention is characterised in that, be the frequency content I (ω) of described input current and the frequency content V (ω) of described response voltage, in described assigned frequency is F, for Integer n (n=0,2N-1) establishing a described N current measurement value is i (n Δ t), when a described N voltage measuring value is v (n Δ t), respectively by
I ( ω ) = Δt Σ n = 0 N - 1 i ( n · Δt ) · exp ( jω · n · Δt ) dt
V ( ω ) = Δt Σ n = 0 N - 1 v ( n · Δt ) · exp ( jω · n · Δt ) dt
(wherein, ω=2 π F)
Obtain, described internal driving Z (ω) by
Z ( ω ) = V ( ω ) I ( ω )
The measuring internal impedance method of the secondary cell that calculates.
The 4th form of the measuring internal impedance method of secondary cell of the present invention is characterised in that, be as described internal driving, calculate and a plurality of compositions of M different frequency correspondence at least, be the simultaneous equations of unknown number, calculate the measuring internal impedance method of the secondary cell of a described M network constant by finding the solution with the network constant of the M in the equivalent electrical circuit that is included in described secondary cell based on a plurality of compositions of described internal driving.
The 5th form of the measuring internal impedance method of secondary cell of the present invention is characterised in that, is to comprise: the charging circuit that charging current is provided during for secondary cell charge; The discharge circuit of discharge current is provided when discharging for described secondary cell; With described charging current or described discharge current input current, measure the sensor mechanism of the input current and the response voltage of described secondary cell as described secondary cell; Measurement result based on described sensor mechanism, on time shaft, obtain a plurality of current measurement values and voltage measuring value, carry out Fourier transform respectively by a plurality of current measurement values and a plurality of voltage measuring value that this is obtained, under given frequency, obtain each frequency content of described input current and described response voltage, obtain the ratio of the frequency content of the frequency content of described input current and described response voltage, calculate the measuring internal impedance method of secondary cell of control gear of the internal driving of the described secondary cell under the described given frequency.
The 6th form of the measuring internal impedance method of secondary cell of the present invention is characterised in that, be that described control gear is as described a plurality of current measurement values and described a plurality of voltage measuring value, respectively under given time interval Δ t, obtain N the measured value that is sampled, under described given frequency, obtain the measuring internal impedance method of secondary cell of each frequency content of described input current and described response voltage by discrete Fourier transform (DFT).
1 kind of form that secondary cell of the present invention worsens judgment means is characterised in that, is based on the internal driving that the measuring internal impedance mechanism by above-mentioned secondary cell calculates, and judges that the secondary cell of the degradation mode of described secondary cell worsens judgment means.
1 kind of form of power-supply system of the present invention is the power-supply system that comprises the measuring internal impedance mechanism of above-mentioned secondary cell.
The 7th form of the measuring internal impedance method of secondary cell of the present invention is characterised in that, be to be judged as any one the state that load provides the secondary cell of electric power to be in to have accepted charging polarization and discharge polarization, when being judged as under the situation of accepting described charging polarization, described secondary cell is applied the discharge current pulse of some cycles, on the other hand, when being judged as under the situation of having accepted described discharge polarization, described secondary cell is applied the charging current pulse of some cycles, measurement is from the start time that applies of described charging current pulse or described discharge current pulse, the input current and the response voltage of the described secondary cell after time of given periodicity have been passed through, adopt the input voltage and the response voltage of described measurement, calculate the measuring internal impedance method of secondary cell of the internal driving of described secondary cell.
The 8th form of secondary cell measuring internal impedance method of the present invention is characterised in that, is that described charging current pulse or described discharge current pulse are the measuring internal impedance methods of secondary cell with square wave of cycle of regulation and predetermined electric current amplitude.
The 9th form of the measuring internal impedance method of secondary cell of the present invention is characterised in that, be that calculating employed described input current of described internal driving and described response voltage are the start times that applies from described charging current pulse or described discharge current pulse, through after the specified period number of the scope that being set at for 10～50 cycles, measured the measuring internal impedance method of the secondary cell of beginning.
The 10th form of the measuring internal impedance method of secondary cell of the present invention is characterised in that, be to be judged as any one the state that load provides the secondary cell of electric power to be in to have accepted charging polarization and discharge polarization, when being judged as under the situation of accepting described charging polarization, described secondary cell is applied the discharge current pulse of some cycles, on the other hand, when being judged as under the situation of having accepted described discharge polarization, described secondary cell is applied the charging current pulse of some cycles, applying in preset time after the beginning of described charging current pulse or described discharge current pulse, measure the input current and the response voltage of described secondary cell respectively, utilize the input voltage and the described response voltage of described measurement, on time shaft, calculate the internal driving of a plurality of described secondary cells, utilize described a plurality of internal driving to calculate one by one, the coefficient of the decaying exponential function more than 2 times of the time response of the approximate described internal driving of decision is obtained the measuring internal impedance method of secondary cell of the convergency value of described internal driving at least based on the coefficient of described decision.
The 11st form of the measuring internal impedance method of secondary cell of the present invention is characterised in that, be to make its continuous discharge under variable frequency, be flowing in the discharge current under each variable frequency, discharge current waveform to the discharge current under each described variable frequency carries out Fourier transform, obtain the Fourier transform value of the discharge current waveform under described each frequency, voltage responsive waveform to the cell voltage in the discharge carries out Fourier transform, obtain the Fourier transform value of the voltage responsive waveform under described each variable frequency, remove the Fourier transform value of described voltage responsive waveform with the Fourier transform value of described discharge current waveform, obtain the internal driving under each variable frequency, compare the internal driving value that under each frequency, calculates, if the ratio of its increase or minimizing is below certain numerical value, be judged as and do not have noise, the basic frequency that employing is predetermined, if the ratio of its increase or minimizing more than certain value, then is judged as the measuring internal impedance method of the secondary cell that has noise.
The 12nd form of the measuring internal impedance method of secondary cell of the present invention is characterised in that, be that at least 3 discharges that the cycle of above-mentioned discharge current waveform is different are as 1 group, repeat, calculate the impedance at least 3 cycles, based on 3 impedances, obtain the measuring internal impedance method of the secondary cell of desired impedance.
The 13rd form of the measuring internal impedance method of secondary cell of the present invention is characterised in that, as the described decaying exponential function in inside, for time T, adopt by
F(T)＝A1exp(A3·T)+A2exp(A4·T)+A5
The function F (T) of expression determines the measuring internal impedance method of the secondary cell of 5 coefficient A1～A5.
The 14th form of the measuring internal impedance method of secondary cell of the present invention is characterised in that, is that described charging current pulse or described discharge current pulse are the measuring internal impedance methods of secondary cell with square wave of cycle of regulation and predetermined electric current amplitude.
The 15th form of the measuring internal impedance method of secondary cell of the present invention is characterised in that, be that to be used for the described a plurality of internal drivings that calculate one by one be by adopting after described charging current pulse or described discharge current pulse apply beginning the measuring internal impedance method of the secondary cell that described input current of measuring in the time till the given frequency of the scope that was set at for 5～50 cycles and described response voltage calculate.
The 1st form of the measuring internal impedance mechanism of secondary cell of the present invention is characterised in that, is to comprise: be measured as load the input current of secondary cell of electric power and the sensor mechanism of response voltage are provided; Described secondary cell is applied the charging current pulse or the possible charge-discharge circuit of discharge current pulse of some cycles; Judge that described secondary cell is in any one the state of accepting charging polarization and discharge polarization, when being judged as under the situation of having accepted described charging polarization, described secondary cell is applied described discharge current pulse, on the other hand, when being judged as under the situation of having accepted described discharge polarization, described secondary cell is applied the described charging current pulse described charge-discharge circuit of control like this, obtain the start time that applies from described charging current pulse or described discharge current pulse, passed through the measurement result of the time described sensor mechanism afterwards of given periodicity, described input voltage that utilization obtains and described response voltage calculate the measuring internal impedance mechanism of secondary cell of control gear of the internal driving of described secondary cell.
The 2nd form of the measuring internal impedance mechanism of secondary cell of the present invention is characterised in that, is to comprise: be measured as load the input current of secondary cell of electric power and the sensor mechanism of response voltage are provided; Described secondary cell is applied the charging current pulse or the possible charge-discharge circuit of discharge current pulse of some cycles; Judge that described secondary cell is in any one the state of accepting charging polarization and discharge polarization, when being judged as under the situation of having accepted described charging polarization, described secondary cell is applied described discharge current pulse, on the other hand, when being judged as under the situation of having accepted described discharge polarization, described secondary cell is applied the described charging current pulse described charge-discharge circuit of control like this, obtain the measurement result of the described sensor mechanism in the preset time after described charging current pulse or described discharge current pulse apply, described input voltage that utilization obtains and described response voltage, on time shaft, calculate the internal driving of a plurality of described secondary cells, utilize described a plurality of internal driving to calculate one by one, the coefficient of the decaying exponential function more than 2 times of the time response of the approximate described internal driving of decision, at least based on the coefficient of described decision, obtain the measuring internal impedance mechanism of secondary cell of control gear of the convergency value of described internal driving.
1 form of power-supply system of the present invention is the power-supply system that comprises the measuring internal impedance mechanism of above-mentioned secondary cell.
Secondary cell of the present invention worsens the 1st form of determination methods, is based on the secondary cell internal driving that electric power is provided for load, judges that the secondary cell of the degradation mode of described secondary cell worsens determination methods.It is characterized in that, be described secondary cell to be applied under the state of given electric current, measure electric current and voltage, obtain described internal driving based on measurement result, measure the temperature of described secondary cell, temperature based on described internal driving of obtaining and described measurement, decision comprises the every coefficient of polynomial function more than at least 3 times of the temperature characterisitic of approximate described internal driving, coefficient based on described decision, calculate benchmark internal driving as the guess value under the given reference temperature that comprises described polynomial function more than 3 times, based on described benchmark internal driving of calculating, judge that the secondary cell of the degradation mode of described secondary cell worsens determination methods.
The 2nd form that secondary cell of the present invention worsens determination methods is characterised in that, be that described polynomial every coefficient more than 3 times is set to and common benchmark coefficient associated, based on described internal driving of obtaining and described measurement temperature, calculate described benchmark coefficient, determine the secondary cell of described every coefficient to worsen determination methods based on the benchmark coefficient of calculating.
The 3rd form that secondary cell of the present invention worsens determination methods is characterised in that, is to comprise described polynomial function more than 3 times, and when temperature is Tp, described internal driving is Z, when described benchmark coefficient is C, by
Z＝C+f1(C)·Tp+f2(C)·Tp 2++fn(C)·Tp n
(wherein, n is the integer greater than 3, and f1～fn is given function)
The secondary cell of expression worsens determination methods.
The 4th form that secondary cell of the present invention worsens determination methods is characterised in that, is that the secondary cell that described every function f 1 (C) that polynomial expression comprised～fn (C) more than 3 times is represented by 1 formula of described benchmark coefficient C worsens determination methods.
The 5th form that secondary cell of the present invention worsens determination methods is characterised in that, it is the corresponding decision threshold that preestablishes with described reference temperature, according to the described benchmark internal driving of calculating and the magnitude relationship of described decision threshold, judge that the secondary cell of the degradation mode of described secondary cell worsens determination methods.
The 1st form that secondary cell of the present invention worsens judgment means is based on the internal driving that the secondary cell of electric power is provided for load, judges that the secondary cell of the degradation mode of described secondary cell worsens judgment means.It is characterized in that, be to comprise: the circuit that can apply current impulse to described secondary cell; Measure the sensor mechanism of the electric current and the voltage of described secondary cell; Measure the temperature sensor of the temperature of described secondary cell; Based on measurement result by the described sensor mechanism of described circuit under the state that has applied current impulse, obtain described internal driving, measurement temperature and the described internal driving of obtaining based on described temperature sensor, decision comprises every coefficient of the polynomial function more than at least 3 times of the temperature characterisitic that is similar to described internal driving, coefficient based on described decision, calculate as the benchmark internal driving that comprises the described guess value of polynomial function under given reference temperature more than 3 times, based on described benchmark internal driving of calculating, judge that the secondary cell of control gear of the degradation mode of described secondary cell worsens judgment means.
The 2nd form that secondary cell of the present invention worsens judgment means comprises the non-volatile memories mechanism that stores in advance for the set information of described polynomial every coefficient more than 3 times.It is characterized in that the set information that to be described control gear utilization read determines the secondary cell of described every coefficient to worsen judgment means from described non-volatile memories mechanism.
The 3rd form that secondary cell of the present invention worsens judgment means is characterised in that, be that storage is corresponding to a plurality of set informations of a plurality of combinations of described polynomial every coefficient more than 3 times in described non-volatile memories mechanism, the secondary cell that described control gear can optionally be read described a plurality of set informations worsens judgment means.
The 4th form that secondary cell of the present invention worsens judgment means is characterised in that, be storage and the predefined decision threshold of described reference temperature correspondence in described non-volatile memories mechanism, the magnitude relationship of the decision threshold that described control gear is read according to described benchmark internal driving of calculating with from described non-volatile memories mechanism judges that the secondary cell of the degradation mode of described secondary cell worsens judgment means.
The 5th form that secondary cell of the present invention worsens judgment means is characterised in that, be to comprise: make its continuous discharge under variable frequency, discharge current under each variable frequency that flows, discharge current waveform to the discharge current of each described variable frequency carries out Fourier transform, obtain the Fourier transform value of the discharge current waveform of each described frequency, voltage responsive waveform to the cell voltage in the discharge carries out Fourier transform, obtain the Fourier transform value of the voltage responsive waveform of each described variable frequency, remove the Fourier transform value of described voltage responsive waveform with the Fourier transform value of described discharge current waveform, obtain the internal driving of each variable frequency, compare with the internal driving value of calculating under each frequency, if the ratio of its increase or minimizing is below certain value, be judged as and do not have noise, the basic frequency that employing is predetermined, if more than certain value, then being judged as the secondary cell of the judging part that has noise, the ratio of its increase or minimizing worsens judgment means.
The 6th form that secondary cell of the present invention worsens judgment means is characterised in that, be a plurality of described decision threshold of storage in described non-volatile memories mechanism, the secondary cell that described control gear is optionally read described a plurality of decision threshold worsens judgment means.
1 form of power-supply system of the present invention is to comprise that above-mentioned secondary cell worsens the power-supply system of judgment means.
(effect of invention)
According to the present invention, because in the system that comprises the formation that accumulator is connected with load, when judging the degradation mode of accumulator, the temperature of judging the degradation mode of accumulator is preestablished as reference temperature, the internal resistance composition of the accumulator of actual measurement is transformed to value under the reference temperature, voltage between terminals when being battery discharging under the reference temperature with this value transform, voltage between terminals during with the battery discharging under this reference temperature and deterioration decision threshold are compared, judge the degradation mode of accumulator, so can be at short notice and correctly carry out being connected with load, the judgement of the degradation mode of the accumulator in the use.
According to the present invention, when measuring the internal driving of secondary cell, because be input current and the response voltage when measuring charging or discharge, by carrying out Fourier transform, calculate that the internal driving of the secondary cell under the given frequency carries out like this, so do not need to be provided with any one of electric current of the special current feedback circuit and the waveform in the cycle of employing.Thus, be useful aspect simplification that constitutes and the cost degradation, the measuring internal impedance mechanism of the secondary cell that the consumption of realization inhibition secondary cell is possible etc. becomes possibility.
According to the present invention, because be the current impulse that applies corresponding to the electrode state of secondary cell, wait applies the start time and begins to internal driving time till stable through associating, the calculating internal driving carries out like this, so eliminate the influence of the polarization of secondary cell, measuring internal driving accurately becomes possibility.
In addition, according to the present invention, because be the current impulse that applies corresponding to the polarized state of secondary cell, utilization is from applying the start time, and a plurality of internal drivings in preset time calculate one by one, determine the decline coefficient of part function of index more than 2 times, obtain that the convergency value of internal driving carries out like this, so can correctly infer the internal driving of state of the influence of the polarization that is not subjected to secondary cell, measuring internal driving accurately becomes possibility.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1-the 1st, expression is suitable for the key diagram of the 1st example of system of the present invention.
Fig. 1-2 is the key diagram that expression is suitable for the 2nd example of system of the present invention.
Fig. 1-the 3rd, expression is suitable for the key diagram of an example of the electric power control gear that is adopted in the system of the present invention.
Fig. 1-the 4th illustrates the process flow diagram as the flow process of the 1st example of the deterioration determination methods of the accumulator of embodiments of the present invention.
Fig. 1-the 5th illustrates the process flow diagram as the flow process of the 2nd example of the deterioration determination methods of the accumulator of embodiments of the present invention.
Fig. 1-the 6th illustrates the process flow diagram as the flow process of the 3rd example of the deterioration determination methods of the accumulator of embodiments of the present invention.
Fig. 1-the 7th, the chart of the 1st example that the time of the discharge current when the expression load is used changes.
Fig. 1-the 8th, the chart of the 2nd example that the time of the discharge current when the expression load is used changes,
(A) be illustrated in the current waveform of necessary current sinking in time of loaded work piece, (B) current waveform of expression and current waveform essence equivalence (A).
Fig. 1-the 9th, under the situation of the minimum voltage when voltage between terminals is as battery discharging during the battery discharging of expression will obtain the resistive voltage conversion coefficient according to the method for the 1st example the time, the chart of the relation of voltage between terminals and discharge current during discharge.
Fig. 1-the 10th, expression is according to the method for the 1st example, voltage between terminals during battery discharging when obtaining the resistive voltage conversion coefficient is as from battery discharging, passed through under the voltage condition after the preset time chart of the relation of voltage between terminals and discharge current during discharge.
Fig. 1-the 11st, the chart of a temperature dependent example of the internal resistance composition of expression accumulator.
Fig. 1-the 12nd, the chart of an example of expression resistance temperature correction factor.
Fig. 1-the 13rd is illustrated in the method for the 1st example, the chart of an example of the resistive voltage conversion coefficient that is adopted.
Fig. 1-the 14th is illustrated in the method for the 2nd example, the chart of an example of the resistive voltage conversion coefficient that is adopted.
Fig. 1-15 is processing flow charts of the 2nd embodiment.
Fig. 1-the 16th, in expression the 2nd embodiment, internal resistance composition (internal resistance value) and with the figure of the relation of the minimum voltage in the load current discharge process.
Fig. 1-the 17th, expression is as the battery capacitor (5 hours electric capacitys) of existing method with the figure of the relation of the minimum voltage in the load current discharge process.
Fig. 1-the 18th, the processing flow chart of existing method.
Fig. 1-the 19th, system's pie graph of variation (its 1).
Fig. 1-2 0 is system's pie graph (its 2) of variation.
Fig. 1-2 1 is system's pie graph (its 3) of variation.
System's pie graph of Fig. 1-2 2 variation (its 4).
Fig. 1-2 3 is figure that an example of method in the past is described.
Fig. 1-2 4 is figure of an example of explanation method of the present invention.
Fig. 2-the 1st, expression is about the block scheme of the formation of the summary of the power-supply system of present embodiment.
Fig. 2-the 2nd, the figure of the equivalent electrical circuit of expression secondary cell.
Fig. 2-the 3rd illustrates in the power-supply system about present embodiment, the process flow diagram of the concrete processing when measuring the internal driving of secondary cell.
Fig. 2-the 4th illustrates the figure of the relation of the internal driving of secondary cell and degradation mode.
Fig. 3-the 1st, expression is about the block scheme of the formation of the summary of the power-supply system of the 1st embodiment.
Fig. 3-the 2nd, the figure of the equivalent electrical circuit of expression secondary cell.
Fig. 3-the 3rd, expression puts on the figure of concrete example of waveform of the current impulse of secondary cell.
Fig. 3-the 4th, the process flow diagram of the concrete processing the when internal driving of measuring about the secondary cell in the power-supply system of the 1st embodiment is described.
Fig. 3-the 5th is illustrated among the step S108 of Fig. 3-4, the process flow diagram of the concrete computing of internal driving.
Fig. 3-the 6th illustrates in the power-supply system about the 2nd embodiment, the process flow diagram of the concrete processing when measuring the internal driving of secondary cell.
Fig. 3-the 7th is illustrated in the process flow diagram of the concrete processing that the convergency value of the internal driving among the step S212 of Fig. 3-6 calculates.
Fig. 3-the 8th in the 2nd embodiment, asks the concrete example of the time response under the situation of internal driving of secondary cell, is the figure that expression utilizes the example under the absolute value of internal driving and the situation that real part is calculated.
Fig. 3-the 9th in the 2nd embodiment, asks the concrete example of the time response under the situation of internal driving of secondary cell, is the figure that expression utilizes the example under the situation that the imaginary part of internal driving calculates..
Fig. 4-the 1st, expression is about the block scheme of the formation of the summary of the power-supply system of present embodiment.
Fig. 4-the 2nd, expression puts on the figure of concrete example of waveform of the current impulse of secondary cell.
Fig. 4-the 3rd, the figure of the concrete example of the temperature characterisitic of expression secondary cell.
Fig. 4-the 4th, under the situation of expression according to the temperature characterisitic of the approximate internal driving of polynomial function, the figure of the relation of the number of times of approximation quality and polynomial function.
Fig. 4-the 5th is illustrated in the battery system about present embodiment, based on the internal driving of secondary cell, and the process flow diagram of the concrete processing when carrying out the judgement of degradation mode.
Among the figure: 1-system of the present invention, 2-power supply, 3, the 106-accumulator, 4, the 20-load, 5-electric power control gear, 6,104,107,108-deterioration of accumulator judgment means, the 10-secondary cell, 11, the 12-current sensor, 12, the 11-voltage sensor, the 13-control part, the 14-storage part, the 15-charging circuit, 16-discharge circuit, 17-temperature sensor, 61-impedance measurement mechanism, 62-state detection mechanism, 63-temperature sensor, 100-are used to carry out the system that the deterioration of accumulator is judged, the 101-testing circuit, 102-control, judgment means, 103-display part, 105-temperature sensor, 109-device/power controling machine structure, the 110-GPS device, 111-illumination, 112-operate portions.
Embodiment
The deterioration determination methods of accumulator of the present invention is based on the measurement result of its internal resistance composition, judges the method for the degradation mode of the accumulator in the system that constitutes comprising that accumulator is connected with load.
The deterioration determination methods of accumulator of the present invention also can roughly judge rightly and is being better than in the past method on this aspect of degradation mode for promptly being used in purposes that charging voltage and charged state change or the accumulator that carries out the purposes of sudden discharge.Discharge current value (load current value: general per 5 hour or per 10 hour) the big state of the value of the discharge current when herein, so-called sudden discharge is meant actual discharge (discharge current value) during than specified discharge.
In addition, be characterised in that, pre-determine the item of following (1) (2) as the deterioration of accumulator determination methods of embodiments of the present invention.
(1) temperature that will judge the degradation mode of accumulator is stipulated as reference temperature.This reference temperature is for example in the serviceability temperature scope of accumulator, and the temperature the when value of voltage between terminals is minimum when being set at discharge when having flowed the discharge current that is predetermined by accumulator.Herein, the influence of the voltage between terminals (discharge performance) for to battery discharging the time, usually because the influence of the temperature characterisitic of the internal resistance composition of accumulator in the highest flight, also can be considered the influence of the reason (for example, the temperature characterisitic of the current sinking of load one side etc. etc.) for other.Specifically, connect between accumulator and load in order to prevent the diode of reverse connection usefulness sometimes, also can consider its temperature characterisitic etc. this moment.
(2) will obtain in advance as the resistance temperature correction factor according to the variation of temperature of the internal resistance composition of accumulator.This resistance temperature correction factor is to adopt for the internal resistance composition of obtaining the accumulator under the reference temperature of stipulating in (1).
In addition, as required, preferably be predetermined the item of following (3).
(3) with under internal resistance composition under the reference temperature and the reference temperature from accumulator when predetermined electric current is flowed in load, the relation of the voltage between terminals during discharge is obtained in advance as the resistive voltage conversion coefficient.As above-mentioned (1), for the influence of the discharge performance of accumulator, because usually because the influence of the temperature characterisitic of the internal resistance composition of accumulator in the highest flight, as the coefficient of this influence of direct representation, is adopted the resistive voltage conversion coefficient.In addition, as the value of electric current of decision, the discharge current value when determining described sudden discharge is possible.At this moment, the situation that has at short notice the electric current of the several times of (for example, the several seconds the is following) rated current that flows～tens of times.In addition, the voltage between terminals when replacing discharging under the reference temperature also can be utilized the drop-out voltage when discharging under the reference temperature, obtains the resistive voltage conversion coefficient.
In addition, be characterised in that,, carry out the processing of following (4)～(7) based on the item of above-mentioned (1)～(3) that are predetermined as the deterioration determination methods of the accumulator of embodiments of the present invention.
(4) the internal resistance composition of measuring accumulator with and the temperature of described accumulator when measuring.Herein, the measurement of the temperature of accumulator there is no need to carry out simultaneously with the measurement of the internal resistance composition of accumulator.Thinking that the temperature of accumulator does not have under the situation of substantial variation, both Measuring Time are inconsistent also no problem.
(5) value of the internal resistance composition that will measure in above-mentioned (4) is transformed to the value of the internal resistance composition under the reference temperature based on the resistance temperature correction factor of above-mentioned (2).
(6) value of the internal resistance composition under the reference temperature that will be obtained by above-mentioned (5) is based on the resistive voltage conversion coefficient of above-mentioned (3), the voltage between terminals when being transformed to the battery discharging under the reference temperature.Thus and the contrast of loaded work piece voltage become possibility.
(7) voltage between terminals and the predefined deterioration decision threshold the during battery discharging under the reference temperature that will be obtained by above-mentioned (6) compared, and judges the degradation mode of described accumulator.Worsen decision threshold and for example can be set at the necessary minimum voltage of loaded work piece (below, be called the minimum operating voltage of load).Voltage between terminals when battery discharging is than worsening under the big situation of decision threshold, being judged as accumulator, to carry out necessary electric power output be possible, if less than worsening decision threshold, being judged as accumulator, to carry out necessary electric power output be impossible, and accumulator is in an aggravated form.
Also have, replace the processing of above-mentioned (6) (7), also can carry out the processing of following (8) or (9).Its effect is same with the situation essence of having carried out the processing of (6) (7).
(8) value of the internal resistance composition under the reference temperature that above-mentioned (5) are obtained is based on the resistive voltage conversion coefficient, drop-out voltage when being transformed to battery discharging under the reference temperature, this value and predefined deterioration decision threshold are compared, judge the degradation mode of described accumulator.The following value of drop-out voltage value when this worsens decision threshold and for example can be set at the necessary minimum voltage of loaded work piece.Thus and the contrast of the drop-out voltage value of accumulator become possibility.
(9) value and the predefined deterioration decision threshold of the internal resistance composition under the reference temperature that will be obtained by above-mentioned (5) are compared, and judge the degradation mode of described accumulator.The following value of value of the internal resistance composition when this worsens decision threshold and for example can be set at loaded work piece during necessary minimum voltage.Thus and the contrast of the value of the internal resistance composition of accumulator become possibility.
Promptly, as the deterioration determination methods of the accumulator of embodiments of the present invention because have the feature of above-mentioned (1)～(9), further particularly, measurement result based on the internal resistance composition of accumulator, drop-out voltage when voltage between terminals is with discharge when being transformed to battery discharging, perhaps with the value of the internal resistance composition of accumulator respectively with worsen decision threshold and compare, can be at short notice and correctly carry out with use that load is connected in the judgement of degradation mode of accumulator.
Herein, the discharge performance for accumulator describes.So-called discharge performance is meant the voltage between terminals consideration of the accumulator when certain electric current that is predetermined has been flowed in the energy conduct.That is to say that so-called discharge performance descends and is meant that it is big that the decline of voltage between terminals becomes for same electric current output.That is, so-called discharge performance can be considered as the voltage decline for same electric current output.
In the present invention, obtain the value that the voltage of accumulator descends,, judge the decline of discharge performance based on the increase of the value of this internal resistance composition from the variation of the value of the internal resistance composition of actual accumulator.Herein, as long as replacement index that the voltage that the internal resistance composition of so-called accumulator is meant can become accumulator descends.For example as the internal resistance composition, can adopt impedance (even have only DC resistance component or have only reactive component also can), also can adopt admittance (have only electricity to lead composition or have only the susceptance composition).
In addition, in the present invention, be in the serviceability temperature scope of accumulator and be that the value of the voltage between terminals when judging discharge when having flowed the discharge current that is predetermined by described accumulator is that discharge performance under the minimum temperature descends, from judging that really this aspect of degradation mode is preferred.For example, when accumulator was lead accumulator, the serviceability temperature scope was in the time of-10 ℃～+ 40 ℃, and low temperature performance descends more, and is the most serious when the lower limit temperature of the serviceability temperature scope of accumulator.Therefore, preferably, obtain the most serious temperature of discharge performance of battery, i.e. discharge performance under the lower limit temperature of the serviceability temperature scope of accumulator by to the measured value of the internal resistance composition of the measuring battery of temperature arbitrarily.
In addition, in the present invention, as above-mentioned example, if the degradation mode under the lower limit temperature of the serviceability temperature scope of judgement accumulator, when the characteristic of accumulator guarantees surplus, judge that the reference temperature of degradation mode changes as long as make according to the temperature of accumulator.This reference temperature there is no need necessarily to be set at the lower limit temperature of the serviceability temperature scope of accumulator, will judge that as reference temperature degradation mode is also passable than the high temperature of lower limit temperature of the serviceability temperature scope of accumulator.
For example, also the temperature that can deduct certain temperature from the temperature of the accumulator measured is judged degradation mode as reference temperature.In addition, for example when the serviceability temperature scope of accumulator is-30 ℃～+ 55 ℃, if the temperature of accumulator is+25 ℃～+ 55 ℃, if reference temperature is 0 ℃, if the temperature of accumulator is 0 ℃～+ 25 ℃, if reference temperature is-15 ℃,, establishes reference temperature and be-30 ℃ if the temperature of accumulator is-30 ℃～0 ℃.Like this, setting reference temperature according to the temperature of the accumulator of measuring also can.In addition, the process of the measurement temperature of for example annual record accumulator, when the temperature range of accumulator experience under-30 ℃～+ 55 ℃ situation, if reference temperature is-30 ℃,, establishes reference temperature and be-15 ℃ if the temperature range of accumulator experience is 0 ℃～+ 25 ℃, if the temperature range of accumulator experience is+25 ℃～+ 55 ℃, if reference temperature is 0 ℃,, establishes reference temperature and be-30 ℃ if the temperature range of accumulator experience is-30 ℃～0 ℃.Like this, also can set reference temperature according to the temperature range of accumulator experience.
In addition, for example when the serviceability temperature scope of accumulator is-30 ℃～+ 55 ℃, with its scope such as table 1, divide into 3 of " more than 30 ℃ less than 0 ℃ ", " more than 0 ℃+below 30 ℃ ", " surpass+30 ℃+below 55 ℃ ", according to the temperature of the accumulator of measuring, the selected pattern of reference temperature is set at a plurality of as the selected A of reference temperature and B or C.For example, according to the temperature range of laying the place of accumulator, it is also passable to set reference temperature arbitrarily.
In addition, the selected C of reference temperature compares with B with the selected A of reference temperature, because reference temperature is made as-20 ℃, becomes slow in the judgement of low temperature (zone 1).Be judged to be deterioration thus, charge in batteries or replacing accumulator are got final product.In addition,, will+30 lower ℃ judge to get final product for example when reaching the ceiling temperature left and right sides of accumulator in the high temperature territory as reference temperature than ceiling temperature.
In addition, reference temperature also can be set by measuring the different interval of temperature range.For example, when reference temperature is selected B,, as reference temperature, also can select+30 ℃ reference temperatures such as (intervals 3 of the selected B of the reference temperature of table 1) arbitrarily even the temperature of the accumulator of measuring is+5 ℃.Also have, the interval of measuring temperature range also can be more than 4.In addition, also can resemble-30≤interval 1＜-20 ℃,, 0≤interval m＜10 ℃,, 50≤interval n＜60 ℃ like this, every about 10 ℃ roughly uniformly-spaced to divide temperature range.Certainly, dividing temperature range with unequal interval arbitrarily also can.
Table 1
Measure temperature range Reference temperature is selected A Reference temperature is selected B Reference temperature is selected C
Interval
1 More than-30 ℃ less than 0 ℃ -30℃ -30℃ -20℃
Interval
2 More than 0 ℃+below 30 ℃ -15℃ 0℃ 5℃
Interval
3 Surpass+30 ℃+more than 55 ℃ 0℃ +30℃ +20℃
Further, reference temperature is measured (measurement result 1) and the measurement under other reference temperature ( measurement result 2,3,4n) under a plurality of, 1 reference temperature, for example, compare for the magnitude of voltage under a plurality of reference temperatures, select to be judged as the reference temperature under the most serious situation.
In addition, in 1 accumulator, also can consider to worsen judgement for the relation of the relevant grade of the magnitude of voltage under a plurality of reference temperatures and the behaviour in service of load state and environment etc.
In addition, for a plurality of accumulators, set in 1 accumulator greater than 1 reference temperature, consider the relation of mutual relevant grade or the behaviour in service of load state and environment etc., it is so also passable to worsen judgement.Further, by judging a plurality of accumulators, for almost having carried out replacing and storage batteries simultaneously, prediction is because the impaired condition (life-span) that load state and environment etc. bring also is possible, also the replacing that can circulate a notice of to predict to the user and charging period.
Herein, when the minimum operating voltage of load has temperature dependency,, also to consider for the temperature dependency of the minimum operating voltage of load preferably except the setting of reference temperature.For example, from this point of impaired condition of certain judgement accumulator, preferably the minimum operating voltage of load is set at the maximum voltage value in the serviceability temperature scope of load.In addition, when the characteristic of accumulator guarantees to become surplus, the minimum operating voltage under the temperature of the load in the time of also the minimum operating voltage of load can being judged as degradation mode.
Then, the example that is suitable for system of the present invention is described.Fig. 1-the 1st, expression is suitable for the key diagram of the 1st example of system of the present invention.In Fig. 1-1, the 1st, be suitable for system of the present invention.This system 1 comprises: make system 1 action power supply 2, by from the electric power storage batteries 3 of power supply 2, according to from the load 4 of the electric power action of power supply 2 or accumulator 3, control from power supply 2 or accumulator 3 the electric power control gear 5 that provides to the electric power of load 4.Also have, in the system 1 of reality, also exist the situation of a plurality of loads is set, but in Fig. 1-1, only be conceived to specific load 4, and omitted diagram and explanation for other load.
In addition, electric power control gear 5 comprises the deterioration of accumulator judgment means 6 of the degradation mode of judging the accumulator 3 that links to each other with load 4.As accumulator 3, adopt which kind of accumulator can, for example adopt lead accumulator, nickel-hydrogen secondary cell, lithium rechargeable battery etc. also passable.Can be no matter the difference of their kind, voltage, capacity etc. and adopting.
Herein, deterioration of accumulator judgment means 6 has the function of judging based on the measurement result of the internal resistance composition of accumulator 3.If in order to judge the degradation mode of accumulator 3, utilize the measurement result of the internal resistance composition of accumulator 3, for example working as system 1 is the big device of load change, power supply 2 is vehicles of source power supply and solar cell or automobile etc., power supply 2 is under such situation such as generator (alternator), compare the degradation mode of the accumulator 3 that also can judge rightly with conventional art under the situation of the cell voltage change of the accumulator 3 in the charging.
In addition, as suitable system of the present invention, also consider the system that uses accumulator and preparation accumulator usually simultaneously.No matter also have, have no particular limits for the quantity of normally used accumulator and preparation accumulator, so long as adopted the system more than at least 1 respectively, be the system of storage battery how, and suitable the present invention is possible.
Fig. 1-2 is the key diagram that expression is suitable for the 2nd example of system of the present invention.
In Fig. 1-2, the 1st, be suitable for system of the present invention.This system 1 comprises: make system 1 action power supply 2, by from the main storage battery 3A of the electric power charging of power supply 2, according to the load 4 of the electric power action of power supply 2 or main storage battery 3A, control from power supply 2 or main storage battery 3A the electric power control gear 5 that provides to the electric power of load 4.In addition, system 1 comprises the standby battery 3B to main storage battery 3A backup.Also have, in Fig. 1-2, and Fig. 1-1 equally only is conceived to specific load 4, omits diagram and explanation for other load.
In addition, electric power control gear 5 comprises main storage battery 3A that judgement at least links to each other with load 4 or at least one the deterioration of accumulator judgment means 6 of degradation mode among the standby battery 3B.As main storage battery 3A and standby battery 3B, adopt which kind of accumulator can, for example also can adopt lead accumulator.
Herein, deterioration of accumulator judgment means 6 has the measurement result based on the internal resistance composition of main storage battery 3A or standby battery 3B, judges the function of the degradation mode of main storage battery 3A or standby battery 3B.The advantage that deterioration of accumulator judgment means 6 has this function as previously mentioned.
In addition, Fig. 1-2 is the figure that comprises main storage battery 3A and standby battery 3B and a plurality of accumulators, at least judging degradation mode like this for 1 accumulator, when this accumulator is in deterioration prediction state or degradation mode, is the device that transmits the information of the accumulator that needs charging or change.In addition, the such display part 103 of Fig. 1-19 of the information that shows accumulator or Fig. 1-2 0 is set, can passes on the state of accumulator, urge it to charge or change to users.
Further, Fig. 1-2 is the figure of expression main storage battery 3A or standby battery 3B and a plurality of accumulators, at least judge degradation mode like this for 2 accumulators, when accumulator is in deterioration prediction state or degradation mode, the storage part (not shown) of the display part 103 that Fig. 1-19 of the information that has the information of the corresponding accumulator that demonstration need charge or change and continue to use possible continuation to use accumulator or Fig. 1-2 0 are such and the process of the described accumulator of record, preserve charging at least and use or continue to use the process of possible accumulator, perhaps/and and control/judging part (the electric power control gear 5 of Fig. 1-2 and deterioration of accumulator judgment means 6 etc.) of comprising the program of continue judging, can judge the degradation mode of accumulator.If like this, have at least 1 to be possible for the possible accumulator of usual use.That is it is effective, including the necessary system of usual power work and device in the present invention.
Then, the example that uses the electric power control gear 5 that is adopted in the system of the present invention is described.
Fig. 1-the 3rd, the key diagram of an example of the electric power control gear that is adopted in the system of the present invention is used in expression.Herein, the electric power control gear of Fig. 1-3 describes as the device that is used for the system of Fig. 1-1.
In Fig. 1-3, electric power control gear 5 comprises: detect from power supply 2 to the charging electric power pick-up unit 51 that has or not of the charging electric power of accumulator 3, will be transformed to alarm signal from the deterioration detection signal of deterioration of accumulator judgment means 6, the alarm generator 52 that sends to the outside.Also have, charging electric power pick-up unit 51 is in order to make when accumulator 4 is not recharged, and according to deterioration of accumulator judgment means 6, carries out the device of judgement of the degradation mode of accumulator 3.
Also have, in the electric power control gear 5 of reality, designed and adjusted as required, but omitted diagram and explanation herein from other the function of power supply 2 to the function of the charging electric power of accumulator 3 etc.
In addition, deterioration of accumulator judgment means 6 comprises the impedance measurement mechanism 61 of the internal driving of measuring accumulator 3 and utilizes the state detection mechanism 62 that carries out the deterioration judgement of accumulator 3 from the measurement result of impedance measurement mechanism 61.On state detection mechanism 62, connect temperature sensor 63, can detect the temperature of accumulator 3 or the temperature around the accumulator 3.In addition, the function that state detection mechanism 62 has the function of control group pick-up unit 61 and the deterioration detection signal when accumulator 3 worsened sends to alarm generator 52.
Then, describe for a concrete example as the deterioration determination methods of the accumulator of embodiments of the present invention.
Fig. 1-the 4th illustrates the process flow diagram as the flow process of the 1st example of the deterioration determination methods of the accumulator of embodiments of the present invention.Below, be divided into each step and describe.
Step 0: initial value is set
Reference temperature, resistance temperature correction factor, resistive voltage conversion coefficient, deterioration decision threshold are set as initial value respectively.Herein, the resistive voltage conversion coefficient is the coefficient of the voltage between terminals when being battery discharging under the reference temperature with the internal resistance composition value transform under the reference temperature.In addition, as worsening decision threshold, adopt the above magnitude of voltage of minimum operating voltage of load.
Step 1: the measurement of internal resistance composition
At the mobile alternating current in the two ends of accumulator, measure internal resistance composition (internal driving specifically).This measurement exchanges 4 terminal methods by what is called or its modification method carries out.In addition, the frequency of alternating current can suitably be selected, and adopts a plurality of frequencies as required, and it also is possible measuring the internal resistance composition.
Step 2: the measurement of battery temp
Become the measurement of score value to carry out the temperature survey of accumulator concurrently with the internal resistance of described step 1.The temperature that replaces accumulator also can be measured accumulator temperature on every side.Also have the measurement of the temperature of accumulator to there is no need to carry out simultaneously with the measurement of the internal resistance composition of accumulator.
Step 3: the internal resistance that is transformed under the reference temperature becomes score value
The value of battery temp of resistance temperature correction factor that utilization is set in step 0 and actual measurement in step 2, the value transform of the internal resistance composition of the accumulator that will survey in step 1 is that the internal resistance under the reference temperature becomes score value.
Step 4: the voltage between terminals when being transformed to discharge
According to the resistive voltage conversion coefficient of in step 0, setting, the voltage between terminals when the internal resistance composition under the reference temperature that will obtain in step 3 is transformed to battery discharging under the reference temperature.
Step 5: the comparison of voltage between terminals and deterioration decision threshold during discharge
Voltage between terminals and the deterioration decision threshold set in step 0 are compared during the discharge that will obtain in step 4.When the former value is bigger than the latter, advance to step 6, outside situation under advance to step 7.
Step 6: judged result (1)～～～judge that accumulator is normal
In step 5, when voltage between terminals is bigger than the deterioration decision threshold when discharge, judge that accumulator is normal, worsen the flow process end of judging.
Step 7: judged result (2)～～～judge that accumulator is for worsening
In step 5, when when discharge voltage between terminals than worsening decision threshold hour, judge accumulator for worsening, worsen the flow process of judging and finish.
, when having passed through step 6, worsen under the situation of the flow process end of judging herein, have sometimes through certain hour, next time, the situation of beginning was judged in later deterioration.At this moment, up to worsen the flow process end of judging through step 7 till, repeat to worsen and judge.In addition, also can make from the step 0 of example among Fig. 1-4 to begin the flow process that a series of deterioration till the step 7 is judged, periodically repeat through certain hour.
Then, the 2nd example as the deterioration determination methods of the accumulator of embodiments of the present invention is described.Fig. 1-the 5th illustrates the process flow diagram as the flow process of the 2nd example of the deterioration determination methods of the accumulator of embodiments of the present invention.Below and the 1st example similarly, be divided into set by step and describe.
Step 0: initial value is set
Reference temperature, resistance temperature correction factor, resistive voltage conversion coefficient, deterioration decision threshold are set as initial value respectively.Herein, the resistive voltage conversion coefficient is the coefficient of drop-out voltage when being battery discharging under the reference temperature with the internal resistance composition value transform under the reference temperature.In addition, as worsening decision threshold, the following value of the value of the drop-out voltage of necessary minimum voltage when adopting loaded work piece.
Step 1: the measurement of internal resistance composition
Because content and the 1st example are same, so omit explanation.
Step 2: the measurement of battery temp
Because content and the 1st example are same, so omit explanation.
Step 3: the internal resistance that is transformed under the reference temperature becomes score value
Because content and the 1st example are same, so omit explanation.
Step 4: the drop-out voltage when being transformed to discharge
According to the resistive voltage conversion coefficient of setting in step 0, the internal resistance composition value transform under the reference temperature that will obtain in step 3 is the drop-out voltage during battery discharging under the reference temperature.
Step 5: the comparison of drop-out voltage and deterioration decision threshold during discharge
Drop-out voltage and the deterioration decision threshold set in step 0 are compared during the discharge obtained in step 4.When the former value than the latter hour, advance to step 6, outside situation under advance to step 7.
Step 6: judged result (1)～～～to be judged as accumulator normal
In step 5, when when discharge decline voltage ratio worsens decision threshold hour, judge that accumulator be normal, worsen the flow process end of judging.
Step 7: judged result (2)～～～judge that accumulator is for worsening
In step 5, when decline voltage ratio deterioration decision threshold is big when discharge, judge accumulator for worsening, the flow process that worsens judgement finishes.
Also have, and among Fig. 1-4 example the 1st example similarly, when having passed through step 6, worsen under the situation that the flow process judged finishes, have sometimes through certain hour, next time, the situation of beginning was judged in later deterioration.At this moment, up to worsen the flow process end of judging through step 7 till, repeat to worsen and judge.In addition, also can make from the step 0 of example among Fig. 1-5 to begin the flow process that a series of deterioration till the step 7 is judged, periodically repeat through certain hour.
Then, the 3rd example as the deterioration of accumulator determination methods of embodiments of the present invention is described.Fig. 1-the 6th illustrates the process flow diagram as the flow process of the 3rd example of the deterioration determination methods of the accumulator of embodiments of the present invention.Below and the explanation of the 1st example, the 2nd example similarly be divided into each step and describe.
Step 0: initial value is set
Reference temperature, resistance temperature correction factor, resistive voltage conversion coefficient, deterioration decision threshold are set as initial value respectively.Herein, as worsening decision threshold, the following value of the value of the internal resistance composition of necessary minimum voltage when adopting loaded work piece.
Step 1: the measurement of internal resistance composition
Because content and the 1st example are same, so omit explanation.
Step 2: the measurement of battery temp
Because content and the 1st example are same, so omit explanation.
Step 3: the internal resistance that is transformed under the reference temperature becomes score value
Because content and the 1st example are same, so omit explanation.
Step 4: the internal resistance under the reference temperature becomes score value and worsens the comparison of decision threshold
The internal resistance of the reference temperature that will obtain in step 3 becomes score value and the deterioration decision threshold of setting in step 0 is compared.When the former value is bigger than the latter, advance to step 5, outside situation under advance to step 6.
Step 5: it is normal that judged result (1) is judged as accumulator
In step 4, the internal resistance under reference temperature becomes score value than worsening decision threshold hour, judges that accumulator be normal, worsens the flow process end of judging.
Step 6: judged result (2)～～～judge that accumulator is for worsening
In step 4, when the internal resistance under the reference temperature becomes score value when the deterioration decision threshold is above, judge accumulator for worsening, the flow process that worsens judgement finishes.
Also have, and among Fig. 1-4 example the 1st example similarly, worsen under the situation that the flow process judged finishes when having passed through step 5, have sometimes through certain hour, the situation of beginning is judged in later deterioration next time.At this moment, up to worsen the flow process end of judging through step 6 till, repeat to worsen and judge.In addition, also can make from the step 0 of example among Fig. 1-6 to begin the flow process that a series of deterioration till the step 6 is judged, periodically repeat through certain hour.
More than, the example as the deterioration determination methods of the accumulator of embodiments of the present invention has been described.Herein, in each example, the value of setting in step 0 etc. describes.
Discharge current value when at first, using for load describes.Because the discharge current value when load is used since the capacity of each accumulator other condition and difference, so preferably adopt the different accumulator collection data a plurality of of the same race of degradation mode in advance.Below, for adopting lead accumulator as accumulator, under the situation of sudden discharge, the example of the situation that discharge current changed according to the time etc. describes.
Fig. 1-the 7th, the chart of the 1st example that the time of the discharge current when the expression load is used changes.Also have, in Fig. 1-7, together represented load current value.Deterioration determination methods as the accumulator of embodiments of the present invention, even as Fig. 1-7 in the relatively short time with respect to the flow situation of bigger electric current (for example more than the 1cA) of rated current, the degradation mode of the accumulator that also can roughly judge rightly.
Fig. 1-the 8th, the chart of the 2nd example that the time of the discharge current when the expression load is used changes, (A) current waveform of necessary current sinking in expression load actuation time, (B) expression is considered in fact and the current waveform of current waveform equivalence (A).As the deterioration determination methods of the accumulator of embodiments of the present invention, even under the situation of the electric current of the so free variation of flow graph 1-8, the degradation mode of the accumulator that also can roughly judge rightly.Certainly, also can be fully suitable for the situation of the current value current value big (for example more than the 1cA) with respect to rated current.
In addition, among the value of in step 0, setting, discharge current value when the load when asking the resistive voltage conversion coefficient is used, it is the value of example in Fig. 1-7 and Fig. 1-8, when from then on discharge current value is asked the resistive voltage conversion coefficient, because other condition of the capacity of each accumulator, the conversion coefficient difference is so preferably use the different accumulator a plurality of of the same race of degradation mode to collect data in advance.
For example, in the method for the 1st example, voltage between terminals during battery discharging in the operation that the relation of the voltage between terminals during with internal resistance composition under the reference temperature and the battery discharging when having flowed the discharge current that is predetermined by the accumulator under the reference temperature is obtained in advance as the resistive voltage conversion coefficient, if the minimum voltage when adopting battery discharging then can be judged the degradation mode of accumulator really.The voltage between terminals when in Fig. 1-9, representing discharge at this moment and the chart of discharge current.
In addition, in the method for the 1st example, the relation of the voltage between terminals during with internal resistance composition under the reference temperature and the battery discharging when having flowed the discharge current that is predetermined by the accumulator under the reference temperature, voltage between terminals during battery discharging in the operation of obtaining in advance as the resistive voltage conversion coefficient also can be to begin through the voltage behind the certain hour from described battery discharging.The voltage between terminals when in Fig. 1-10, representing discharge at this moment and the chart of discharge current.
In addition, among the value of in step 0, setting, for the temperature dependency of internal resistance composition, resistance temperature correction factor, the resistive voltage conversion coefficient that in the method for the 1st example, adopts, the resistive voltage conversion coefficient that in the method for the 2nd example, adopts, each chart of expression in Fig. 1-11～Fig. 1-14.Together expression worsens decision threshold in Fig. 1-13 and Fig. 1-14.
(the 2nd embodiment)
About the deterioration judgment means of the deterioration determination methods of the accumulator of the present invention of the 2nd embodiment and accumulator is can precision to judge the decline of the discharge performance of the accumulator (boosting battery) that is used for the big device of load change or car holding storage battery (boosting battery), the i.e. method of the degradation mode of accumulator and device well.
And be based on measurement result under the desired temperatures, under may temperature range as the use of the regulation and stipulation of the accumulator of measuring object, the discharge performance of judging accumulator be at the method and the device of the strictest temperature (performance of accumulator descend the temperature in the most serious lowest temperature territory) discharge performance decline down.Be actually method and device that the performance as the boosting battery of the necessary electric power form of work of the load that electric power is provided by accumulator (boosting battery) is descended and to judge.
Generally as the necessary electric power form of loaded work piece, as electric current, the time of regulation current sinking changes, and as voltage, stipulates minimum assurance voltage.
Promptly, during the electric current that is as the criterion when the electric current of the time changing pattern of the current sinking of the regulation that flowed or with the time changing pattern of the current sinking of regulation, also have the affluence amount of much degree according to the voltage between terminals of accumulator (boosting battery) with respect to minimum assurance voltage, judge the discharge performance of accumulator.
But, when judging the discharge performance of accumulator with the measurement temperature of reality, be placed on various devices and regulation the place accumulator or be installed in lead accumulator on the vehicle etc., even before during a certain till the real work, being placed, before being taken care of till dispatching from the factory and before betransporteding (after, before being called placement), having the necessary electric power of loaded work piece under the temperature before this places can be provided the battery of such discharge performance by battery, after arriving or before the work and before using etc., under the temperature after a certain placement, also can there be the situation of the electric power that can not provide necessary.That is, with accumulator as power supply, under the situation of important safety component in exercising such as the necessary system and the device of device or vehicle, have the possibility that produces significant problem.Perhaps under the temperature after the placement, in the time of can judging the decline of discharge performance, need carry out to use the warning of various devices and vehicle, cause very large inconvenience for the user.
Therefore, in the present embodiment, judge in the use of regulation may temperature range that the discharge performance under the most serious temperature of the discharge performance of battery descends.This reason be because, if the accumulator supposing to place, laid the situation that the accumulator that comprises in the land station etc. of communicator etc. or the vehicle that accumulator has been installed are temporarily parked in the place of regulation, because the environment temperature of having placed accumulator, the discharge performance of accumulator can change.That is, because the degradation mode of the accumulator after placing is not clear, so will judge the discharge performance under the most serious temperature of discharge performance.If when discharge performance descends, can urge the charging of accumulator (boosting battery) or replacing etc. to user and preservation/maintenance locations etc. in advance.
As described in the 1st embodiment, so-called discharge performance can descend as the voltage for same electric current output and consider.
In this application, the voltage that the decline of following this discharge performance is brought descends and is transformed to the internal resistance value (internal resistance composition) of accumulator, with this internal resistance value as and the correlation of discharge performance with correlationship, carry out the temperature correction of this correlation, by obtaining discharge performance in the relational expression that the revised correlation substitution of temperature is obtained in advance, judge the decline (being equivalent to the increase of internal resistance value) of discharge performance.As the internal resistance value that becomes measuring object, so long as can become the replacement index that voltage descends, all it doesn't matter for which type of resistance value.Specifically, can be direct current resistance, also can be AC impedance.Also can be expression as the value of the conduction value of the interchange reactance of the inverse of AC impedance etc.
Fig. 1-15 is processing flow charts of the 2nd embodiment.
The deterioration determination methods of accumulator of the present invention is characterised in that, the temperature of judging the degradation mode of accumulator is predetermined as reference temperature, the correlation that has correlationship with accumulator ground discharge performance, promptly under desired temperature, measure internal resistance composition (step S11), according to the temperature amendment type of obtaining in advance, revise this internal resistance composition under the temperature when measuring, the internal resistance composition is transformed to internal resistance composition (step S12) under the reference temperature, relational expression based on the regulation of internal resistance composition after the conversion and discharge performance, obtain the accumulator ground discharge performance (step S13) under the reference temperature, discharge performance under the reference temperature of obtaining and predefined deterioration decision threshold are compared, judge the degradation mode (step S14) of accumulator.
In such cases, the relational expression of regulation can be the voltage between terminals of the accumulator when having flowed the electric current of the time changing pattern that is equivalent to load consumed current or the time changing pattern with load consumed current of having flowed be as the criterion electric current the time voltage between terminals.
In addition, the most serious temperature that reference temperature also can be set in the use of the regulation of accumulator may temperature range, the discharge performance of accumulator descends.
In the present embodiment, also in the serviceability temperature scope, judge that the discharge performance under the most serious temperature of the discharge performance of battery descends.
As the accumulator of placing in determined location, the use of having laid the accumulator that comprises in the base station etc. of observation device and communicator etc. or Vehicular accumulator cell (boosting battery) may temperature range, for example can list-30 ℃～+ 55 ℃.In such cases, the most serious at the discharge performance of lower limit temperature-30 ℃ following battery.That is, be necessary to obtain discharge performance under the most serious temperature-30 of the discharge performance of battery ℃ according to the resistance value of the battery measurement of arbitrary temp.As the example of the method, obtain the temperature amendment type from the temperature characterisitic of the resistance value measured in advance, with temperature and this temperature amendment type of resistance value substitution of battery, be transformed to the resistance value under the most serious temperature-30 of the discharge performance of battery ℃.The relational expression of the regulation by relation that the resistance value substitution of conversion is obtained in advance, expression resistance value and discharge performance can obtain the discharge performance under the most serious temperature-30 of the discharge performance of battery ℃.When the discharge performance that obtains was bigger than the threshold values of setting in order to judge degradation mode, then being judged as battery, to carry out necessary electric power output be possible.To carry out necessary electric power output be impossible if the discharge performance that obtains below as the threshold values of worsen setting, then is judged as battery.
In addition, by judge use usually may temperature range in, the discharge performance under the most serious temperature of the discharge performance of battery descends, and guarantees for fear of the discharge performance of surplus, also can adopt according to battery temperature, change the method for the object temperature of judging that discharge performance descends.That is, reference temperature also can be set at the temperature that deducts uniform temperature from desired temperature.Specifically, as the performance of battery, because low temperature, discharge performance descends more, and for example, the temperature that will deduct 20 ℃ from the temperature of measuring can judge also that as object temperature discharge performance descends.
Perhaps reference temperature also can be set at the set point of temperature with the temperature province correspondence at each desired temperature place.Specifically, if battery temperature is+25 ℃～+ 55 ℃, object temperature is 0 ℃, and battery temperature is 0 ℃～+ 25 ℃, and object temperature is-15 ℃, and battery temperature is-30 ℃～0 ℃, and object temperature is set object temperature like this for-30 ℃ in each temperature province.
No matter which kind of situation, to the measuring battery resistance value of desired temperature, from then on the resistance value of Ce Lianging is obtained the discharge performance under the predefined reference temperature.As the example of the method, obtain temperature amendment type from the temperature characterisitic of the resistance value measured in advance for each object temperature, temperature and resistance value by substitution battery in this temperature amendment type are transformed to the resistance value under the object temperature.By the resistance value substitution after the conversion is obtained in advance, in the resistance value and the formula of the relation of discharge performance of expression under the reference temperature, can obtain the discharge performance under the object temperature.The discharge performance that obtains likens to and is threshold values that worsen to set when big, and being judged as battery, to carry out necessary electric power output be possible.If the threshold values that the discharge performance that obtains likens to worsen setting is little, being judged as battery, to carry out necessary electric power output be impossible.
In these situations, for the relational expression of having represented as the relation of the internal resistance composition (internal resistance value) of the correlation under the reference temperature and discharge performance, utilize the battery of various deterioration degrees in advance, when the electric current of the time changing pattern of the current sinking of the regulation that flowed, during electric current that the time changing pattern of current sinking with regulation of perhaps having flowed is as the criterion, measure the voltage between terminals of accumulator (boosting battery), in addition, become the resistance value of the replacement index that voltage descends by measurement, can easily derive out.
Below describe the 2nd embodiment in detail.
At first relatively this 2nd embodiment is with respect to routine in the past superiority.
Fig. 1-the 16th, represent in this 2nd embodiment internal resistance composition (internal resistance value) and with the figure of the relation of the minimum voltage in the load current discharge.Fig. 1-the 17th represents as the battery capacity (per 5 hours capacity) of previous methods and the figure of the relation of the minimum voltage in load current being discharged.
In order carry out this comparison, the accumulator of use is a lead-tight formula battery, and rated cell capacity is 12Ah.As the sample of accumulator, used the accumulator of the various deterioration degrees that obtain by accelerated life test.In addition, as the discharge performance of accumulator (boosting battery), as the electric current that the time changing pattern of the current sinking of the load of using with reality is as the criterion, the minimum voltage when having estimated the discharge current of the 15A that flowed between 10 seconds.In addition, be-30 ℃～+ 55 ℃ as the possible temperature range of the formal use of accumulator, obtain the discharge performance of-30 ℃ battery of lower limit temperature.
At first, will be placed on as the accumulator of sample in-30 ℃ the calibration cell, the time of placement is that the temperature of accumulator reaches-30 ℃ of necessary times.In addition, from as discharging like this accumulator of sample, an end of guide line is peeled off, the other end is drawn out to outside the calibration cell, connects electronic load device on the terminal of accumulator.
In addition, in order to measure cell voltage and discharge current, voltmeter and galvanometer have been connected.To electronic load device, under discharge current 15A, can only carry out the discharge in 10 seconds and set so in advance.
Then, by making electronic load device action, flow 10 seconds of discharge current of 15A from accumulator as the sample in the calibration cell.Cell voltage and the discharge current of this moment have been measured respectively with voltmeter and electric current base.
Then, making the accumulator as sample is the state of normal temperature, has carried out the measurement of internal resistance value.Measure and use the resistance measurement equipment of selling on the market, carry out according to the AC impedance of 1kHz.Obtain the temperature characterisitic of the resistance of sample battery in advance, by the resistance value that will measure with this temperature characterisitic of battery temperature substitution when measuring, calculate the internal resistance value under the reference temperature-30 ℃.
Internal resistance value that this calculates and the relation that makes the minimum voltage in the load current discharge are shown in Fig. 1-16, and both concern that correlativity is very high, if put relational expression arbitrarily, 2 power values of coefficient R are 0.9654.In addition, the relational expression arbitrarily that obtains this moment is expressed from the next
Coefficient * internal resistance value+the constant of minimum cell voltage=arbitrarily
That is, the internal resistance value substitution relational expression by measuring can easily calculate the minimum voltage that is discharging with the corresponding load current of discharge performance.Further, the threshold voltage (deterioration decision threshold) of the deterioration by set judging accumulator just can high precision and judge easily whether battery can carry out necessary electric power and export.
Fig. 1-the 18th, processing flow chart in the past.
On the other hand, in the method for measuring battery capacity in the past, will be placed on as the accumulator of sample in-30 ℃ the calibration cell, the time of placement is that battery temperature reaches the necessary time till-30 ℃ the equilibrium state.
At this moment, from as discharging like this accumulator of sample, an end of guide line is peeled off, the other end is drawn out to outside the calibration cell, connects electronic load device on the terminal of accumulator.
In addition, in order to measure cell voltage and discharge current, voltmeter and galvanometer have been connected.Make the electronic load device can be with discharge current 2.4A (12A * 0.2), cell voltage reaches till the 10.5V, and discharge may be set so in advance.
Then, by making electronic load device action, from as the sample in the calibration cell, the discharge current of continuous flow 2.4A continues discharge till cell voltage reaches 10.5V.Begin to have obtained battery capacity (step S21～step S23) by multiply by with discharge current 2.4A as the accumulator of each sample to the discharge time of discharging till stopping from discharge.Battery capacity (5 hours capacity) and the relation of the minimum voltage of load current discharge is represented by Fig. 1-17.Both concern that correlativity is very high, but compare the correlativity step-down with the situation of the 2nd embodiment of Fig. 1-16.That is, if be inserted in relational expression arbitrarily, 2 powers of coefficient R are 0.9018.
According to this previous methods, by the substitution battery capacity, can obtain the minimum voltage that the load current of representing discharge performance is being discharged, but when reality is used, when various devices drive and when vehicle-mounted, can not discharge and continue till the voltage of regulation, it is difficult measuring battery capacity, therefore is necessary according to inferring battery capacity by the measurement result of other measuring method.
That is, in this, whenever obtaining when making the minimum voltage that load current discharging, error increases, and is considered to unpractical.
As described above, according to this 2nd embodiment, the temperature of judging the degradation mode of accumulator is preestablished as reference temperature, the discharge performance of measuring conduct and accumulator under desired temperatures has the internal resistance value (internal resistance composition) of the correlation of correlationship, based on the temperature amendment type of the internal resistance value of obtaining in advance, temperature when internal resistance value is measured and the internal resistance value of measurement, the internal resistance value of measuring is transformed to internal resistance value under the reference temperature.
Then, based on the relational expression of the regulation of internal resistance value and discharge performance and the discharge performance that the internal resistance value after the conversion is obtained accumulator.Then, when the discharge performance under the reference temperature of obtaining is bigger than the deterioration decision threshold, is judged as battery and can carries out necessary electric power output.If, being judged as battery less than worsening decision threshold, the discharge performance that obtains to carry out necessary electric power output.
In this case, as discharge performance, suppose the actual loading of accumulator (boosting battery), when the electric current of the time changing pattern of the current sinking of the regulation that flowed, during electric current that the time changing pattern of current sinking with regulation of perhaps having flowed is as the criterion, because adopted voltage between terminals with respect to the boosting battery of minimum assurance voltage, with previous methods like this (for example according to the residual capacity of battery, per 5 hours capacity) decline judges and compares, when can precision judging use more well, when various devices drive and the decline of vehicle-mounted accumulator (boosting battery) discharge performance.
More than, for the deterioration determination methods of accumulator of the present invention and the deterioration judgment means of accumulator, enumerating object lesson is illustrated, but the deterioration determination methods of accumulator of the present invention is not to be defined in above-mentioned embodiment, so long as in the scope of the item of in the scope of patented claim, putting down in writing, certainly carry out suitable change.
In addition, for example shown in Fig. 1-19, the system of judging for the deterioration of carrying out accumulator 100 can comprise: obtain the data of electric current as the accumulator B of secondary cell, voltage, resistance, temperature etc. testing circuit 101, receive the display part 103 that data are carried out control/judgment means 102 that the deterioration of accumulator B judges, shown judged result with various forms from testing circuit 101.
According to such formation, testing circuit 101 is obtained the data as the electric current of the accumulator B of secondary cell, voltage, resistance, temperature etc., and the data of measuring are exported to control/judgment means 102.
Thus, control/judgment means 102 receives data, carries out the deterioration of accumulator B and judges, judged result is shown at display part 103 with various forms.
This result is that the user can grasp the state as the accumulator B of secondary cell easily.
In such cases, display part 103 by lamp quantity and color, literal, sound etc. and it is made up more than 2, demonstration is as the state of the accumulator B of secondary cell, and for example, it also is possible having or not such formation such as necessity of replacing, the replacing time of recommendation.
Further, display part 103 also can show on the picture of display part of TV monitor, graphoscope, GPS device (automobile guiding device etc.) etc.
Also have, also the mode that can only utilize sound to transmit.
In addition, shown in Fig. 1-2 0, will be configured in the side that is provided with of accumulator, and also display part 103 may be arranged on desired position and constitute like this for status detection circuit 101, the control/judgment means 102 that detects, judges accumulator.
For example, to be configured in the side that is provided with of accumulator B for status detection circuit 101, the control/judgment means 102 that detects, judges accumulator, control/judgment means 102 receives data from testing circuit 101, carry out the deterioration of accumulator B and judge, the judged result data are sent to display part 103 1 sides via wireless device 110.
This result is that via the wireless device 111 that is provided with in display part 103 1 sides, computing machine 112 grades receive the judged result data, control display part 103, and judged result is shown with various forms.
Also have, also control/judgment means 102 not of side is set,, showing that side joint receives, control/judgment means is set in the demonstration side via wireless device 110 for the data of the temperature that obtains by testing circuit 101, voltage and resistance etc. at the accumulator of Fig. 1-2 0.It is so also passable perhaps to worsen judgement by computing machine 112.
According to such formation, for example, a plurality of display parts are set, perhaps by display part from each of a plurality of places (accumulator manufacturer, preservation/safeguard place etc.), being provided with, monitor the state of accumulator (secondary cell), perhaps carry out the supervision and the management of a plurality of accumulators (secondary cell) by the display part at 1 place.These the time, if add the sequence number of difference accumulator and ID number etc., can easily carry out the individual identification of accumulator.
In addition, the form of transmission channel that is not limited to such wireless type of the so wired formula of Fig. 1-19, Fig. 1-2 0 etc. is also passable, for example, also can be via the network of telephone line and internet etc., as electronic data (literal, image, sound), make it can be in sight the deterioration information of accumulator from information terminal of portable telephone and computing machine etc. etc.
In addition, as other embodiment, as Fig. 1-2 1, a plurality of accumulators are positioned at the place of dispersion, switch the circuit at 1 place, perhaps/and in carrying out the possible deterioration of accumulator judgment means 104 of circuit control, can worsen judgement to accumulator 106 (A, B, C) commutation circuit.At this moment, it is possible that electrical information (voltage, electric current, resistance etc.) is judged in the deterioration of accumulator judgment means in the place that disperses, but temperature survey is preferably comprising temperature sensor 105 near the accumulator and in each accumulator 106.
If like this, for example, can carry out the deterioration of a plurality of accumulators of on each observation device and communicator, being provided with and judge.In addition, when below the seat in vehicle and the storage tank of front and back etc. be provided with under a plurality of situations, can carry out the deterioration of 1 accumulator at least and judge.Further, the deterioration of accumulator judgment means at 1 place also can be managed by computing machine.
In addition, as other embodiment, be as Fig. 1-2 2, among a plurality of accumulators 106,1 deterioration of accumulator judgment means 107 is near accumulator 106a.Other 1 is that deterioration of accumulator judgment means 108 is built in the example among the accumulator 106b.Also have, in Fig. 1-2 2, remaining accumulator 106c is the accumulator that does not carry out worsening judgement.
In addition, in Fig. 1-2 2, GPS (GPS) device 110, illumination 111, running portion 112 etc. on device/power controling machine structure 109, have been connected.Power supply is provided or/and controls by device/power controling machine structure 109.For example, be throw light on 111 light a lamp, turn off the light, the device of the action control of running portion 112 and control of energy consumption etc.Also have and since GPS device 110 except can the detection position and absolute altitude can also detection time, so can and other moment of device/power controling machine structure 109 use simultaneously.
If like this,, on display part 103a, can show the degradation mode of accumulator 106 by a plurality of accumulators 106 of device/power controling machine structure 109 management.Further, also can be via connector and wireless (infrared ray etc.), among device/power controling machine structure 109, deterioration of accumulator judgment means 107,108 and the figure not the computing machine etc. of expression receive with the transmission that external unit can carry out information, can worsen the installation of the transmission reception of judgement information and control program and upgrade like this.In addition, display part 103 has added liquid crystal panel (LCD) and lamp etc. on device/power controling machine structure 109 and deterioration of accumulator judgment means 107,108.In addition, built-in formation is also passable.
Further, measure impedance and also can adopt following method.Promptly, under variable frequency, make its continuous discharge, the discharge current of each variable frequency that flows, discharge current waveform to the discharge current of described each variable frequency carries out Fourier transform, obtain the Fourier transform value of the discharge current waveform of described each frequency, cell voltage response wave shape in the discharge is carried out Fourier transform, obtain the Fourier transform value of the voltage responsive waveform of described each variable frequency, with the Fourier transform value of described voltage responsive waveform Fourier transform value divided by described discharge current waveform, obtain the internal driving of each variable frequency, compare with the internal driving of calculating under each frequency, if the ratio of its increase or minimizing is less than certain value, then being judged as does not have noise, the basic frequency that employing is predetermined is if the ratio of its increase or minimizing greater than certain value, then has been judged as noise, the internal driving that need not obtain, the method for Ce Lianging once more.
Fig. 1-2 3 is figure that an example of method in the past is described.If according to method in the past,, perhaps judge whether it is that noise is difficult even can not differentiate when having mixed noise.At this moment, noise is obtained according to former state as internal driving.
Fig. 1-2 4 is figure of an example of explanation method of the present invention.If according to the method, owing to be the discharge current waveform that adopts 3 above different cycles,, mix under the situation of noise even during basic frequency T3, to compare by the internal driving of obtaining with T2 before and after T3 and T4, the eliminating of noise is possible.Also have, at this moment, T1, T5 also can become comparative control.
In the method, at least 3 discharge current waveforms that the cycle is different repeat to implement as 1 group, for example, obtain the impedance in 3 cycles that comprise basic frequency, based on 3 impedances, can obtain the desired impedance that does not have noise.
In addition, 3 preferred basic cycles in cycle is above at least ± 5% different.Like this, by the difference in cycle, the size of 3 impedances has the single tendency of dull increase or dull minimizing etc.That is, when having protruding tendency and recessed tendency, because can consider having or not of The noise, so do not adopt the measured value that has mixed noise also can judge.
In addition, compare with the situation of each (each cycle) in 3 cycles being measured impedance respectively, the present invention since almost at the same time between in measure, so judge noise clearly the influence of 3 impedances is become possibility.According to the method, 3 different computation of Period impedances,, confirming that on the basis that has or not of noise effect, obtaining desired impedance becomes possibility based on these 3 impedances, carry out correct deterioration judgement and become possibility.
In addition, by device/power controling machine structure 109 and 107,108 controls of deterioration of accumulator judgment means of the computing machine 112 of Fig. 1-2 0 and control/judgment means 120 or Fig. 1-2 2, flow out the discharge current of changeable frequency.And the discharge current waveform of the discharge current of the frequency that each is variable carries out Fourier transform, obtain the Fourier transform value of the discharge current waveform of each frequency, the voltage responsive waveform of the cell voltage in the discharge is carried out Fourier transform, obtain the Fourier transform value of the voltage responsive waveform of each variable frequency.
Further, in judging part (computing machine 112, control/judgment means 102, device/power controling machine structure 109 and deterioration of accumulator judgment means 107 etc.), remove the Fourier transform value of discharge current waveform with the Fourier transform value of voltage response wave shape, obtain the internal driving of each variable frequency, compare the internal driving value of calculating under each frequency, if the ratio of its increase or minimizing is less than certain value, be judged as and do not have noise, the basic frequency that employing is predetermined, if greater than certain value, then being judged as, the ratio of its increase or minimizing has noise.
As more than, according to the present invention, when judgement comprises the degradation mode of the accumulator in the system of the formation that accumulator is connected with load, because be that the temperature that will judge the degradation mode of accumulator preestablishes as reference temperature, the internal driving composition of accumulator of actual measurement is transformed to value under the reference temperature, with this value transform is the voltage between terminals during battery discharging under the reference temperature, voltage between terminals and deterioration decision threshold are compared during with the battery discharging under this reference temperature, judge the degradation mode of accumulator, so can be at short notice and the judgement of the degradation mode of the accumulator in using that can correctly carry out being connected with load.
In addition, voltage between terminals when replacing the battery discharging under the reference temperature, even the drop-out voltage the during battery discharging under the employing reference temperature, compare with the deterioration decision threshold, also can access roughly same effect, the value and the deterioration decision threshold of the internal resistance composition under the reference temperature are compared, also can obtain roughly same effect.
Then, describe for the measuring internal impedance method of secondary cell, measuring internal impedance mechanism, secondary cell deterioration judgment means and the power-supply system of secondary cell.Also can be suitable for situation of the present invention for the power-supply system that has comprised the function with internal driving of measuring secondary cell herein, describes.
Fig. 2-the 1st, expression is about the block scheme of the summary formation of the power-supply system of present embodiment.In Fig. 2-1, comprise that secondary cell 10, current sensor 11, voltage sensor 12, control part 13, storage part 14, charging circuit 15, discharge circuit 16 constitute power-supply system, be the formation that electric power is provided to various loads 20 from secondary cell 10.
In Fig. 2-1,, for example be used for the battery of observation device and communicator etc. and for motor vehicle lead accumulator by known as the secondary cell 10 that load 20 is provided electric power.Herein, the equivalent electrical circuit of expression secondary cell 10 in Fig. 2-2.Shown in Fig. 2-2, secondary cell 10 has made up resistance R Ω, Rct1, Rct2, Rct3 and capacitor C d1, Cd2, Cd3 respectively, can be represented by the equivalent electrical circuit that positive pole, electrolytic solution, negative pole connect successively.At this moment, the internal driving of secondary cell 10 is represented by so a plurality of impedances that constitute of the series-parallel circuit that is suitable for each resistance among Fig. 2-2 and electric capacity.As hereinafter described, in the secondary cell of representing by the equivalent electrical circuit of Fig. 2-2 10, respectively input current and response voltage are carried out Fourier transform, consequently can adopt each frequency content under the assigned frequency that obtains, calculate the internal driving of secondary cell 10.
Then, in Fig. 2-1, current sensor 11 detects the electric current of the secondary cell 10 of flowing through, and sends current value to control part 13.In addition, voltage sensor 12 detects the voltage at secondary cell 10 two ends, sends magnitude of voltage to control part 13.These current sensors 11 and voltage sensor 12 play a role as sensor mechanism of the present invention.
The control part that plays a role as control gear of the present invention 13 is made of CPU, in the time of all action of control power-supply system, carry out at the appointed time in order to calculate the necessary calculation process of internal driving described later, with the transmissions such as control gear of the internal driving obtained to vehicle.Then, the storage part 14 that links to each other with control part 13 comprises the ROM of various programs of storage control program in advance etc. and necessary data are handled in temporary transient storage by control part 13 RAM etc.
Charging circuit 15 is when the charging action of carrying out secondary cell 10, and the circuit of charging current is provided.In addition, discharge circuit 16 is when carrying out the discharging action of secondary cell 10, provides from the circuit of secondary cell 10 to the discharge current of load 20 inflows.These charging circuits 15 and discharge circuit 16 are by control part 15 controls, and when the charging action, charging circuit 15 is in the state of work, and when discharging action, discharge circuit 16 is in the state of work.
In the present embodiment, charging current that provides by charging circuit 15 and the discharge current that provides to load 20 via discharge circuit 16 which can adopt multiple waveform.That is, because when calculation process described later, not that fourier expansion carries out Fourier transform, so can not be subjected to the restriction of the pulse waveform of certain frequency, can adopt does not have periodic multiple waveform to carry out the calculating of Fourier transform.Just, want to make the computational accuracy raising for the Fourier transform of discharge current or charging current, preferred employing fully comprises the waveform pattern of the frequency content of obtaining.As described later, because frequency setting is about 20Hz,, can improve computational accuracy by adopting the diverse charging current of time or the discharge current of waveform.
Concrete processing when then, the internal driving of measuring about secondary cell 10 in the power-supply system of present embodiment being described.Fig. 2-the 3rd, expression control part 13 is mainly carried out the process flow diagram of the flow process of handling based on the control program of preserving in the storage part 14.Calculation process shown in Fig. 2-3 is when carrying out the charging of secondary cell 10 or discharge in power-supply system, to begin to carry out at official hour.
In Fig. 2-3,, carry out the initial setting (step S101) of the necessary parameter of computing by control part 13 if the processing in the power-supply system begins.Parameter as the object of the initial setting of step S101 has sampling interval Δ t and number of samples N when obtaining a plurality of current measurement values and voltage measuring value, the reference frequency F that stipulates in the measuring internal impedance etc.
In step S101, for example, adopt the initial set value of Δ t=0.001 (second), N=100 (individual), F=20 (Hz) etc. to get final product.Also have, also can be predetermined the suitable fixedly initial set value of the characteristic that is suitable for secondary cell 10, but also can be according to working condition etc., initial set value suitably changed.
Then, judge the having or not of beginning (step S102) of the charging action of secondary cell 10 or discharging action.According to power-supply system, measurement is different when measuring still at discharging action when the charging action.During for equipment or device use, provide the power-supply system of a certain size electric power to load, preferably situation about measuring when the charging action is more always.In addition, also there is the situation that preestablishes the time of charging and discharge according to power-supply system.In such cases, whether to time of charging or discharge to judge by S102.
When in step S102, when being judged as the beginning that has charging action or discharging action, then, the input current of beginning secondary cell 10 and the measurement (step S103) of response voltage are measured (step S104) under the condition that step S101 sets.Specifically, detect the input current of secondary cell 10 by current sensor 11, when obtaining N current measurement value successively,, obtain N voltage measuring value successively with sampling interval Δ t by the response voltage of voltage sensor 12 detection secondary cells 20 with sampling interval Δ t.Thus, on time shaft, obtain and N current measurement value of the input current correspondence of secondary cell 10 and and N voltage measuring value of the response voltage correspondence of secondary cell 10.
Herein, when the function of time of input current with i (t), when the function of time of response voltage is represented with v (t), utilize 0,1,2,3, the Integer n that changes in the scope of～N-1, the current measurement value that obtains in step S104 can be by i (n Δ t) expression, and voltage measuring value can be represented by v (n Δ t).
Then, adopt N the current measurement value that in step S104, obtains, calculate the frequency content (step S105) of the input current under the reference frequency F.Similarly, adopt N the voltage measuring value that in step S104, obtains, calculate the frequency content (step S106) of the response voltage under the reference frequency F.
Usually, by function of time y (t) is arbitrarily carried out Fourier transform, can obtain the frequency content Y (ω) that represents with following (1) formula.
Y ( ω ) = ∫ - ∞ ∞ y ( t ) · exp ( jωt ) dt - - - ( 1 )
Wherein, ω=2 π f (f: frequency).
That is the frequency content I when, the input current of secondary cell 10 has carried out Fourier transform (ω) can adopt function of time i (t) to represent as following (2) formula.
I ( ω ) = ∫ - ∞ ∞ i ( t ) · exp ( jωt ) dt - - - ( 2 )
Frequency content V when in addition, the response voltage of secondary cell 10 has carried out Fourier transform (ω) can adopt function of time v (t) to represent as following (3) formula.
V ( ω ) = ∫ - ∞ ∞ v ( t ) · exp ( jωt ) dt - - - ( 3 )
Then, actual when carrying out the calculating of step 104, adopted and the discrete Fourier transform (DFT) of N the current measurement value i (n Δ t) that the function of time i (t) of (2) formula is corresponding, as following (4) formula, the frequency content I (ω) of the input current under the calculating reference frequency F.
I ( ω ) = Δt Σ n = 0 N - 1 i ( n · Δt ) · exp ( jω · n · Δt ) dt - - - ( 4 )
Wherein, ω=2 π F (F: reference frequency).
Equally, actual when carrying out the calculating of step 105, adopted and the discrete Fourier transform (DFT) of N the current measurement value v (n Δ t) that the function of time v (t) of (3) formula is corresponding, as following (5) formula, the frequency content V (ω) of the response voltage under the calculating reference frequency F.
V ( ω ) = Δt Σ n = 0 N - 1 v ( n · Δt ) · exp ( jω · n · Δt ) dt - - - ( 5 )
Wherein, ω=2 π F (F: reference frequency).
Then, based on the result of calculation of above-mentioned (4) formula and (5) formula, calculate the internal driving Z (ω) (step S107) of the secondary cell 10 under the reference frequency F.That is, get the ratio of the frequency content V (ω) of the frequency content I (ω) of input current and response voltage, according to following (6) formula, the internal driving Z (ω) that obtains under the reference frequency F gets final product.
Z ( ω ) = V ( ω ) I ( ω )
= Δt Σ n = 0 N - 1 v ( n · Δt ) · exp ( jω · n · Δt ) dt Δt Σ n = 0 N - 1 i ( n · Δt ) · exp ( jω · n · Δt ) dt - - - ( 6 )
Wherein, ω=2 π F (F: reference frequency).
Also have, the internal driving Z (ω) that obtains in (6) formula also can calculate its real part, but calculates imaginary part and absolute value also is possible.
According to 1 composition that internal driving Z (ω) for example can only obtain and F=20 (Hz) is corresponding that above-mentioned (6) formula is calculated, also can only obtain a plurality of compositions with a plurality of frequency correspondences.That is to say, preestablish M frequency F1, F2 ,～FM, for each frequency, carry out the calculating of (6) formula, obtain M internal driving Z1, Z2 ,～ZM.
In such cases, if adopt the result of calculation of M internal driving, can find the solution the simultaneous equations that comprises M unknown number.For example, M network constant in the equivalent electrical circuit of the secondary cell 10 shown in Fig. 2-1 set up simultaneous equations as unknown number, the result of calculation of a substitution M internal driving also can the decision-making circuit constant.
The internal driving that obtains based on the processing shown in Fig. 2-3 uses when for example detecting the degradation mode of secondary cell 10 in the power-supply system.Usually, because the internal driving of secondary cell 10 and the degradation mode of secondary cell 10 have strong correlation, so can judge the degree of the deterioration of secondary cell 10 based on the measurement result of internal driving.
Fig. 2-the 4th illustrates the figure of the relation of the internal driving of secondary cell 10 and degradation mode.In Fig. 2-4, represent when the long-term deterioration of carrying out secondary cell 10 is tested the variation of the sparking voltage of the variation of the internal driving of secondary cell 10 and secondary cell 10 respectively.In the deterioration of Fig. 2-4 experiment, internal driving is measured down at 25 ℃, and sparking voltage is the 2 kinds of sizes (10A, 25A) for input current, under-30 ℃, and the value of measuring after 10 seconds of discharge beginning.
Shown in Fig. 2-4, the internal driving of secondary cell 10 is stable under original state, but increases about 30～35 weeks at effluxion.On the other hand, the sparking voltage of secondary cell 10 sharply descended in 35 moment later in week of effluxion, significantly worsened as can be seen.In addition, input current is big, and the deterioration degree of secondary cell 10 is also big.Find out from such experimental result, when reaching for 35～40 weeks the service time of secondary cell, reach boundary.
Based on the variation of the degradation mode shown in Fig. 2-4, monitor that above-mentioned internal driving of calculating like this becomes big situation, the degradation mode of grasping secondary cell 10 is possible.For example, when the internal driving of calculating has surpassed the setting value of regulation, judge that secondary cell 10 is in an aggravated form, the such demonstration of replacing of urging the user to carry out secondary cell 10 gets final product.
So as described above, according to the present invention, because when measuring the internal driving of secondary cell 10, the discharge current that the charging current that provided by charging circuit 15 has been provided same as before or is provided by discharge circuit 16 like this, so processing that does not need special current feedback circuit and carry out with action control, aspect the simplification and cost reduction of all formation of power-supply system and control, effect is very big.
In such cases, because adopt the method for Fourier transform when calculating internal driving, charging current or discharge current there is no need to adopt the pulse waveform in cycle, and the degree of freedom of measurement improves, and it is unwanted that additional circuit constitutes.In addition,, apply, can prevent the consumption of secondary cell 10 so there is no need that secondary cell 10 is repeated unnecessary electric current because be in the common chargings action of secondary cell 10 or measure internal driving during discharging action.
According to the present invention, when measuring the internal driving of secondary cell, when when charging or discharge, measure input current and response voltage because be, by carrying out Fourier transform, the internal driving of calculating the secondary cell under the assigned frequency like this, so do not need any of the electric current that special current feedback circuit is set and adopts periodic waveform.Thus, be useful aspect simplification that constitutes and the cost degradation, the secondary cell measuring internal impedance mechanism that the consumption of realization inhibition secondary cell is possible etc. becomes possibility.
Further, as being suitable for situation of the present invention, describe for 2 kinds of embodiments for the power-supply system that has comprised the internal driving function of measuring secondary cell.
(the 1st embodiment)
Fig. 3-the 1st, expression is about the block scheme of the formation of the summary of the power-supply system of the 1st embodiment.In Fig. 3-1, formation comprises: the power-supply system of secondary cell 10, current sensor 11, voltage sensor 12, control part 13, storage part 14, charging circuit 15, discharge circuit 16 is formations that electric power is provided to various loads 20 from secondary cell 10.
In the formation of Fig. 3-1,, for example, be used for the battery of observation device and communicator etc. and for motor vehicle lead accumulator by known as the secondary cell 10 that electric power is provided to load 20.Herein, the equivalent electrical circuit of expression secondary cell 10 in Fig. 3-2.Shown in Fig. 3-2, secondary cell 10 has been installed resistance R Ω, Rct1, Rct2, Rct3 and capacitor C d1, Cd2, Cd3 respectively, can be represented by the equivalent electrical circuit that positive pole, electrolytic solution, negative pole connect successively.
At this moment, the internal driving of secondary cell 10 is represented by so a plurality of impedances that constitute of the series-parallel circuit that is suitable for each resistance among Fig. 3-2 and electric capacity.As hereinafter described, on the secondary cell of representing by the equivalent electrical circuit of Fig. 3-2 10, apply the current impulse of some cycles,, can calculate the internal driving of secondary cell 10 by respectively current impulse and its response voltage that applies being carried out fourier expansion.
Usually, secondary cell 10 discharges and recharges by constantly repeating, and is in the state that has comprised polarization.Then, under the state of the influence that has been subjected to polarization, because the internal driving of secondary cell changes, so in order to obtain correct internal driving, the influence of eliminating polarization is necessary.In such cases, under the state of the polarization after the charging of having carried out secondary cell 10 (charging polarization), when applying discharge current pulse, under the state of the polarization after the discharge of having carried out secondary cell 10 (discharge polarization), by applying the charging current pulse, the influence of polarization is diminished.
Thus, in the 1st embodiment, judge the polarized state of second electrode 10,, come switch discharges current impulse and charging current pulse according to judged result.In addition, in the 1st embodiment, begin, only after internal driving keeps stable time,, further reduce the influence that polarizes by calculating internal driving to the applying of the current impulse of secondary cell 10.
Then, in Fig. 3-1, current sensor 11 detects the electric current that flows in the secondary cell 10, sends current value to control part 13.In addition, voltage sensor 12 detects the voltage at secondary cell 10 two ends, sends magnitude of voltage to control part 13.
Control part 13 is made of CPU etc., in the time of all action of control power-supply system, carries out in official hour in order to carry out the calculation process that internal driving described later calculates, with the transmissions such as control gear to vehicle of the internal driving obtained.Then, the storage part 14 that is connected with control part 13 comprises the ROM of various programs of storage control program in advance etc. and necessary data are handled in temporary transient storage by control part 13 RAM etc.
Charging circuit 15 is when the charging action of carrying out secondary cell 10, and the circuit of charging current is provided.In addition, discharge circuit 16 is when carrying out the discharging action of secondary cell 10, and the circuit of the discharge current that flows to load 20 from secondary cell 10 is provided.These charging circuits 15 and discharge circuit 16 when the charging action, have only charging circuit 15 to be in the state of work by control part 15 controls, when discharging action, have only discharge circuit 16 to be in the state of work.In the 1st embodiment, when carrying out the measurement of internal driving of secondary cell 10, charging circuit 15 comprises the formation that the charging current pulse is provided, and discharge circuit 16 comprises the formation that discharge current pulse is provided.
Fig. 3-the 3rd applies the figure of concrete example of the waveform of current impulse (charging current pulse or discharge current pulse) to secondary cell 10.Current impulse shown in Fig. 3-3 is the pulse with square wave of certain period T p and certain current amplitude X, be illustrated in electric current in each cycle 0 and X between the example of the waveform that alternatively repeats.Also have, period T p and current amplitude X are as long as set appropriate value according to the situation of the characteristic of secondary cell 10 and computing.
Also have, control part 13 is preserved the action sign in storage part 14, when secondary cell has been carried out charging action or discharging action, can be stored in the action sign for making this action of identification.Thus, when handling,, can judge that this secondary cell 10 constantly is in the state of having accepted the charging polarization after the charging action, be in the state of having accepted the discharge polarization behind discharging action by with reference to the action sign by control part 13.
Then, concrete processing when the internal driving of measuring about the secondary cell in the power-supply system of the 1st embodiment 10 is described.Fig. 3-the 4th, expression control part 13 is mainly carried out the process flow diagram of the flow process of handling based on the control program of preserving in storage part 14.Calculation process shown in Fig. 3-4 is charged in power-supply system or is discharged to be through with and begins to carry out at official hour afterwards.
In Fig. 3-4, if the initial setting (step S101) by the necessary parameter of computing of control part 13 is carried out in the processing in the beginning power-supply system.As the parameter of the object of the initial setting that becomes step S101, have sampling interval ts when obtaining the voltage sample value, to secondary cell 10 apply the basic frequency f1 of pulse, the beginning pulse number C1 of the current impulse that applies during about measuring internal impedance and measure pulse number C2, current value or magnitude of voltage read number α, current amplitude value X etc. continuously.
In step S11, for example adopt the initial set value of ts=0.001 (second), f1=20 (Hz), C1=10, C2=5, α=5 etc. to get final product.Also have, also can preestablish suitable fixing initial set value, but also can suitably can suitably change initial set value like this according to running-active status etc. according to the characteristic of secondary cell 10.
Then, judge secondary cell 10 just discharge and recharge action (step S102).That is, control part 13 is read the action sign of storage part 14, and judgement is which kind of state of expression charging action and discharging action gets final product.Consequently, when judging action sign expression charging action in step S102, the pulsed discharge (step S103) as the electric current that should apply is set in the influence of the polarization of should avoiding charging.On the other hand, when judging action sign expression discharging action in step S102, the pulse charge (step S104) as the electric current that should apply is set in the influence of the polarization of should avoiding discharging.Then, begin to be applied to any one pulse current of pulse charge of setting among the step S103 or the pulsed discharge of in step S104, setting to secondary cell 10.In such cases, carried out the charging action for secondary cell 10 after, apply the impulse discharge current that provides by discharge circuit 16 on the other hand, after secondary cell 10 has been carried out discharging action, apply the pulse charging current that provides by charging circuit 15.
Then, calculate the internal driving of secondary cell 10 in advance, judge whether to have reached the predefined measurement start time (step S106).Consequently when having reached measurement (step S106 during the start time; Be), advance to step S107.Also do not reach measure the start time during (step S106; Not), the start times to be measured such as continuation.As the measurement start time in step S106, the interior regulation of cycle that is set in the beginning pulse number C1 that sets among the step S101 gets final product constantly.
When advancing to step S107, the counter m of order of the computing of expression internal driving is set at 1.As described later, this counter m changes initial value till 1 to C2, adopts in order to obtain whole C2 measurement result.
Then, carry out the computing (step S108) of the internal driving of secondary cell 10.Fig. 3-the 5th is illustrated in the process flow diagram of the concrete computing of the internal driving among the step S108.In Fig. 3-5, at first read the current sensor 11 and the voltage sensor 12 of secondary cell 10 successively with sampling interval ts, only obtain the current value I (n) and the magnitude of voltage V (n) (step S301) of the secondary cell 10 of regulation number.For example, when the number of samples in 1 cycle that applies pulse is N, in each sampling interval ts, in the scope of n=1,2,3～N+ α, obtain current value I (n) and magnitude of voltage V (n) gets final product.In such cases, applying in 2 cycles of pulse, can obtain 2 α current value I (n) and magnitude of voltage V (n) one by one.Also have, read the number of current value I (n) and magnitude of voltage V (n) in step S301, it is possible freely setting for the convenience of computing.
Then, utilize a plurality of magnitude of voltage V (n) that in step S301, obtain, calculating voltage variable quantity (step S302).For example, utilization and n=1,2,3～N+ α corresponding voltage value V (n) calculate the voltage variety a that is represented by following (7) formula and get final product.According to this voltage variety a, can judge 1 cycle of advancing the time magnitude of voltage V (n) that inscribes variation.
A＝{V(1)+V(2)+···V(α)}/α-{V(N+1)+V(N+2)+···V(N+α)}/α(7)
Then, utilize the voltage variety a obtain in step S302, the correction voltage value V ' that calculates the time fluctuation of having revised magnitude of voltage V (n) is (step S303) (n).When adopting the voltage variety a that obtains by above-mentioned (1) formula, calculate the correction voltage value V ' that represents by following (8) formula and (n) get final product.
V’(n)＝V(n)+a·(n-1)/N
(8)
Then, calculate 1 fourier coefficient AI, the BI (step S304) of the electric current of secondary cell 10 according to following (9), (10) formula.
AI＝(2/Tp)·cos(k·ω·n·ts)·I(n)·ts
(9)
BI＝(2/Tp)·sin(k·ω·n·ts)·I(n)·ts
(10)
Similarly, calculate 1 fourier coefficient AV, the BV (step S305) of the voltage of secondary cell 10 according to following (11), (12) formula.
AV＝(2/Tp)·cos(k·ω·n·ts)·V’(n)·ts
(11)
BV＝(2/Tp)·sin(k·ω·n·ts)·V’(n)·ts
(12)
Also have, the situation of carrying out 1 fourier expansion has been described in the 1st embodiment, but also can have carried out the more fourier expansion of high reps.Under the sort of situation, the fourier coefficient calculating that (9)～(12) formula is replaced into high order gets final product.
Then, utilize the result of calculation of (9)～(12) formula, calculate the internal driving (step S306) of secondary cell 10.In step S306, among m internal driving Z (m), calculate real part Z (m) real, imaginary part Z (m) imag, absolute value Z (m) abs respectively according to following (13)～(15).
Z(m)real＝(AV·AI+BV·BI)/(AI 2+BI 2)
(13)
Z(m)imag＝(AV·BI-AI·BV)/(AI 2+BI 2)
(14)
Z(m)abs＝(Z(m)real 2+Z(m)imag 2) 1/2
(15)
Then, get back to Fig. 3-4, should judge that continuing still is the computing that finishes internal driving, judges whether counter m has reached C2 (step S109).(step S109 when m has reached C2 consequently; Be), advance to step S112, (step S109 when m does not reach C2; ), do not advance to step S110.That is, in the scope that reaches till measuring pulse number C2, obtain under the situation of internal driving,, in step 109, judge because do not need its later computing.
When step S109 advances to step S110, should upgrade the order of internal driving computing, on counter m, add 1.Then, wait for, passed through (step S111 till time in 2 cycles from having carried out the time of last step S108; Not), at the moment (the step S111 that passed through for 2 cycle lengths; Be), return step S108 and repeat same processing.
On the other hand, when when step S109 advances to step S112, stop at applying of pulse charge that step S105 begins to apply or pulsed discharge.In this stage, can access the individual internal driving of C2 on the time shaft.Then, calculate the mean value (step S113) of this C2 internal driving.In step S113, utilize the result of (13)～(15) formula, calculate real part Zreal, imaginary part Zimag, the absolute value Zabs of internal driving respectively according to following (16)～(18) formula.
Z(m)real＝{Z(1)real+Z(2)real+···+Z(C2)real}/C2
(16)
Z(m)imag＝{Z(1)imag+Z(2)imag+···+Z(C2)imag}/C2
(17)
Z(m)abs＝{Z(1)abs+Z(2)abs+···+Z(C2)abs}/C2
(18)
Like this, according to the 1st embodiment, when secondary cell 10 is applied the such current impulse of the state that is suitable for polarizing, influence by the polarization after in long-time scope, having avoided just applying current impulse, can measure the internal driving of steady state (SS), can make its error become very little.
(the 2nd embodiment)
If the 2nd embodiment is compared with the situation of the 1st embodiment, mainly calculating difference on the process of internal driving.Also have, about the situation of the power-supply system of the 2nd embodiment and the 1st embodiment shown in Fig. 3-1 and general formation identical the time, because it is same making the waveform of the situation of the current impulse that applies to secondary cell 10 and the 1st embodiment shown in Fig. 3-3, so omit explanation for these.
Below, the concrete processing the when measuring internal impedance about the secondary cell in the power-supply system of the 2nd embodiment 10 is described.The process flow diagram of the flow process of the processing that Fig. 3-the 6th, expression control part 13 mainly carry out based on the control program of preserving in storage part 14.The situation of calculation process shown in Fig. 3-6 and Fig. 3-4 is after charging or discharge finish in power-supply system similarly, begins to carry out at official hour.
In Fig. 3-6,, carry out the initial setting (step S201) of the necessary parameter of computing by control part 13 if the processing in the power-supply system begins.As the parameter of the object of the initial setting that becomes step S201, total pulses C3, the current amplitude value X etc. of the basic frequency f1 of the pulse that sampling interval ts when obtaining the voltage sample value is arranged, secondary cell 10 is applied, the current impulse that applies during about measuring internal impedance.
In step S201, ts, f1, X etc. adopt and the same initial set value of situation of the 1st embodiment gets final product.On the other hand, as total pulses C3, be preferably set to 5～50 scope.Also have, the situation of initial set value in step S201 and the 1st embodiment is same, can be predetermined according to the characteristic of secondary cell 10, also can be may to set like this according to suitable changes such as running-active status.
Then, judge secondary cell 10 state that discharges and recharges action just, set pulsed discharge or pulse charge as the pulse current that should apply, (the step S202～S205) and the situation of the 1st embodiment are carried out (the step S102 of Fig. 3-4～S105) equally for a series of processing till the pulse current that applies setting.Then, the counter m of order with the computing of expression internal driving is set at 1 (step S206).As described later, make this counter m from initially beginning till C3, to change, adopt when obtaining whole C3 measurement results to 1.
Then, carry out the computing (step S207) of the internal driving of secondary cell 10.In step S207 and the 1st embodiment same, carry out computing by the flowcharting of Fig. 3-5.Just, in the 2nd embodiment, for the convenience in the calculating described later, because apply 1 cycle of pulse at each, carry out the computing of Fig. 3-5, so current value I in step S301 (n) and magnitude of voltage V (n) in per 1 cycle, only get the number of regulation.
Then, in Fig. 3-6, should judge that continuing still is the computing that finishes internal driving, judges whether counter m has reached C3 (step S208).(step S208 when m has reached C3 consequently; Be), advance to step S211, (step S208 when m does not also reach C3; ), do not advance to step S209.
Then,, counter m is being increased after 1, beginning till the time of passing through for 1 cycle, to wait for (step S210 from the time of having carried out above-mentioned steps S207 when advancing to from step S208 under the situation of step S209; Not), at the moment (the step S210 of the time of having passed through 1 cycle; Be), return step S207 and repeat same processing.
On the other hand, when advancing under the situation of step S211, stop at applying of pulse charge that step S205 begins to apply or pulsed discharge from step S209.In this stage, on time shaft, can access C3 internal driving.Then, by calculating the convergency value (step S212) of obtaining this C3 internal driving one by one.
Fig. 3-the 7th is illustrated in the process flow diagram of the concrete processing that the convergency value of the internal driving among the step S212 calculates.In Fig. 3-7, at first carry out and for the initial setting (step S401) of 2 corresponding coefficients of decaying exponential function of the internal driving of approximate secondary cell 10.As 2 times that in the processing of Fig. 3-7, adopt decaying exponential function, shown in following (19) formula, adopted F (T) herein, for time T.
F(T)＝A1exp(A3·T)+A2exp(A4·T)+A5
(19)
In step S401,, read the initial value of storage in the storage part 14 in advance and set for (19) 5 coefficient A1～A5 that formula comprised.These coefficients A1～A5 is based on least square method and uses in order to derive optimum solution, as described later, is updated successively in the computation process intermediate value.Also have,, adopt the setting that obtains by experiment in advance to get final product as the initial value of each coefficient A1～A5.
Then, be useful in the decaying exponential function F (T) that represents in (19) formula, calculate the F (m) (step S402) that represents by following (20) formula by real part Z (m) real for m internal driving.
F(m)＝A1exp(A3·m·Tp)+A2exp(A4·m·Tp)+A5
(20)
In step S402, utilize the F (m) of (20) formula, in the scope of m=1～C3, change, can access whole C3 calculated value.Also have, in the processing of Fig. 3-7, the situation that real part Z (m) real of internal driving calculates is described, but also can adopts imaginary part Z (m) imag of internal driving or Z (m) abs to calculate.
Then, in the scope of m=1～C3, the R (m) (step S403) of the difference of real part Z (m) real of F (m) that the calculating conduct obtains in step S402 and the internal driving of in step S207, obtaining.That is, obtain C3 the R (m) that represents by following (21) formula.
R(m)＝F(m)-V(m)
(21)
Then, calculate the partial differential item (step S404) of each the coefficient A1～A5 when being suitable for least square method.In step S404, in the scope of m=1～C3, obtain partial differential item corresponding to each the coefficient A1～A5 that represents by following (22) formula.
dDFA1(m)＝exp(A3·Tp·m)
dDFA2(m)＝exp(A4·Tp·m)
dDFA3(m)＝A1·Tp·m·exp(A3·Tp·m)
dDFA4(m)＝A2·Tp·m·exp(A4·Tp·m)
dDFA5(m)＝1
(22)
Then, utilize each the partial differential item that in step S404, obtains, calculate the matrix B (step S405) of the simultaneous equations that is suitable for least square method.Specifically, obtain the matrix B of representing by following (23) formula.
B ( 1,1 ) = Σ m = 1 C 3 { dDFA 1 ( m ) } 2
B ( 1,2 ) = Σ m = 1 C 3 { dDFA 1 ( m ) × dDFA 2 ( m ) }
B ( 1 , 3 ) = Σ m = 1 C 3 { dDFA 1 ( m ) × dDFA 3 ( m ) }
Figure C20048001385200614
B ( 5 , 5 ) = Σ m = 1 C 3 { dDFA 5 ( m ) } 2 - - - ( 23 )
Also have, the matrix B of being represented by (23) formula is 5 * 5 positive square matrix, and be B (x, y)=B (y, symmetric matrix x).
Then, utilize R (m) that in step S403, obtains and the partial differential item that in step S404, obtains, calculate the dR (step S406) that represents by following (24) formula.
dR 1 = - Σ m = 1 C 3 { dDFA 1 ( m ) × R ( m ) }
dR 2 = - Σ m = 1 C 3 { dDFA 2 ( m ) × R ( m ) }
dR 3 = - Σ m = 1 C 3 { dDFA 3 ( m ) × R ( m ) }
dR 4 = - Σ m = 1 C 3 { dDFA 4 ( m ) × R ( m ) }
dR 5 = - Σ m = 1 C 3 { dDFA 5 ( m ) × R ( m ) } - - - ( 24 )
Then, utilize matrix B that in step S405, obtains and the dR that in step S407, obtains, calculate the difference dd (step S407) that represents by following (25) formula.
dd 1 dd 2 dd 3 dd 4 dd 5 = B ( 1,1 ) B ( 1,2 ) B ( 1,5 ) B ( 2,1 ) . . . B ( 5,1 ) B ( 5,5 ) - 1 dR 1 dR 2 dR 3 dR 4 dR 5 - - - ( 25 )
Like this, in step S407, obtain 5 difference dd1～dd5 with each correspondence of coefficient A1～A5, can estimate the optimum solution of least square method based on these.
Then, for 5 difference dd1～dd5 that in step S407, obtain, (26) formula (step S408) below judging whether to satisfy.
dd1，dd2，···dd5＜k
(26)
Also have, the k as the right of (26) formula can adopt to be judged as and approach zero and setting that obtain.Then, if be judged as satisfied (26) formula (step S408; Be), each difference dd1～dd5 and zero very approaching as in its optimum solution that has obtained least square method constantly, advances to step S409.On the other hand, do not satisfy (26) formula (step S408 if be judged as; ), as the optimum solution that can not obtain the big least square method of each difference dd1～dd5, do not upgrade each coefficient A1～A5 (step S409) based on following (27) formula.
A 1 A 2 A 3 A 4 A 5 = A 1 + dd 1 A 2 + dd 2 A 3 + dd 3 A 4 + dd 4 A 5 + dd 5 - - - ( 27 )
In step S409, if update coefficients A1～A5 forwards step S402 once more to, utilize new coefficient A1～A5, continued to be suitable for the processing of the step S402～S408 of least square method.
On the other hand, when when step S408 is converted to step S410, calculate real part Z (m) real of the internal driving convergency value Z0 (step S410) when very stable for a long time according to following (28) formula.
Z0＝A1exp(A3·Tx)+A2exp(A4·Tx)+A5
(28)
Wherein, Tx is a needed setting time till the internal driving of secondary cell 10 is stable, is necessary to be redefined for the very long stipulated time.The convergency value Z0 and this coefficient A1～A5 constantly that are obtained in step S410 by relevant (28) formula are kept at respectively in the storage part 14, can read use as required from storage part 14.
The concrete example of the time response when being suitable for above-mentioned processing and having obtained the internal driving of secondary cell 10 then, is described in the 2nd embodiment., suppose secondary cell 10 is applied the current impulse of the square wave of cycle 20Hz herein, utilize the situation of 2 approximate internal drivings of decaying exponential function.Under such condition, Fig. 3-the 8th utilizes the absolute value Zabs of internal driving and the example of the situation that real part Zreal calculates, and Fig. 3-the 9th utilizes the example of the situation that the imaginary part Zimag of internal driving calculates.
In Fig. 3-8 and Fig. 3-9, in a plurality of internal drivings that drawing is represented to calculate successively on time shaft according to the processing of Fig. 3-6, also represented by the time variation that wherein has the internal driving that in official hour, is similar to by 2 times the decaying exponential function that calculates the coefficient that determines one by one.Also have, in Fig. 3-8 and Fig. 3-9, because on horizontal ordinate, set cycle index, thus the expression cycle index * and the variation of the internal driving of the time correspondence of period T p.Which kind of situation of Fig. 3-8 and Fig. 3-9 all is that the variation of the internal driving in the little initial time of cycle index becomes big, and 2 times decaying exponential function is approximate accurately to obtain its time change because utilize, so can make error become very little.
According to the present invention, because be the current impulse that applies corresponding to the polarized state of secondary cell, wait for till the effluxion of stabilizing from start time time to internal driving, calculate internal driving, so eliminate the influence of the polarization of secondary cell, can the high-acruracy survey internal driving.
In addition, according to the present invention, because be the current impulse that applies corresponding to the polarized state of secondary cell, from applying the start time, utilize a plurality of internal drivings in the stipulated time to calculate one by one, determine the coefficient of the decaying exponential function more than 2 times, obtain the convergency value of internal driving, so can correctly infer the internal driving of the state of the polarization influence that is not subjected to secondary cell, can the high-acruracy survey internal driving.
Then, describe for secondary cell degradation mode determination methods and device.In the present embodiment, explanation is for the power-supply system of the function of the degradation mode that has comprised the secondary cell of judging the accumulator that uses or install in the outdoor ground station of laying observation device and communicator etc. etc. in the vehicle of automobile etc., suitable situation of the present invention.
Fig. 4-the 1st, expression is about the block scheme of the formation of the summary of the power-supply system of present embodiment.In Fig. 4-1, formation comprises: the power-supply system of secondary cell 10, voltage sensor 11, current sensor 12, control part 13, storage part 14, charging circuit 15, discharge circuit 16, temperature sensor 17 provides electric power to constitute like this from secondary cell 10 to the load 20 of the various devices of vehicle and engine etc.
In the formation of Fig. 4-1, the secondary cell 10 as electric power is provided for the load 20 of installing in observation device and communicator etc. and vehicle for example can adopt lead accumulator.Secondary cell 10 is made of positive pole, electrolytic solution, negative pole, is represented by the equivalent electrical circuit that has made up resistance and electric capacity.In such cases, the internal driving of secondary cell 10 is represented by a plurality of impedances that constitute that are suitable for relevant equivalent electrical circuit.
In the present embodiment, apply current impulse to secondary cell 10, measure its internal driving at official hour.Fig. 4-the 2nd, the figure of the object lesson of the waveform of the current impulse that expression applies to secondary cell 10.The current impulse of expression is the pulse with square wave of some cycles t and certain current amplitude X in Fig. 4-2, be illustrated in electric current in each cycle 0 and x between the example of the mutual waveform that repeats.Then, by carrying out fourier expansion respectively, can obtain the internal driving of secondary cell 10 to current impulse and its response voltage that secondary cell 10 applies.
Then, in Fig. 4-1, voltage sensor 11 detects the voltage at secondary cell 10 two ends, sends magnitude of voltage to control part 13.In addition, current sensor 12 detects the electric current that flows in the secondary cell 10, sends current value to control part 13.As above-mentioned, during the internal driving of measurement secondary cell 10, be necessary to obtain the magnitude of voltage of voltage sensor 11 and the current value of current sensor 12.
Control part 13 is made of CPU etc., and calculation process described later is carried out in all actions of control power-supply system in official hour, judge the degradation mode of secondary cell 10, with judged result to transmissions such as control gears.The storage part 14 that links to each other with control part 13 comprises the ROM of various programs of storage control program in advance etc. and necessary data are handled in temporary transient storage by control part 13 RAM etc. then.Also have, the ROM of storage part 14 plays a role as the non-volatile memories mechanism of storage for the set information of every coefficient of polynomial function described later etc.
Charging circuit 15 is when the charging action of carrying out secondary cell 10, and the circuit of charging current is provided.In addition, discharge circuit 16 is when carrying out the discharging action of secondary cell 10, and the circuit of the discharge current that flows to load 20 from secondary cell 10 is provided.These charging circuits 15 and discharge circuit 16 when the charging action, have only charging circuit 15 to be in the state of work by control part 15 controls, when discharging action, have only discharge circuit 16 to be in the state of work.In the present embodiment, when comprising the measurement of the internal driving that carries out secondary cell 10, provide above-mentioned so possible constituting of current impulse by charging circuit 15 or discharge circuit 16.
Temperature sensor 17 be arranged on secondary cell 10 near, detect the temperature of secondary cell 10, detected temperatures is sent to control part 13.Detected temperatures in this temperature sensor 17 as described later, and is when judging the degradation mode of secondary cell 10, necessary when carrying out the temperature correction of internal driving.
Then, in the power-supply system about present embodiment, the temperature dependency of the internal driving of secondary cell 10 describes.The internal driving of secondary cell 10 is to use when judging the degradation mode of secondary cell 10, and the environment temperature of internal driving and secondary cell 10 has very strong correlation relation.Therefore, for the correct degradation mode of judging secondary cell 10, the temperature dependency of revising internal driving becomes important.
Fig. 4-the 3rd, the figure of the concrete example of the temperature characterisitic of expression secondary cell 10.The temperature characterisitic of Fig. 4-3 is relevant with the secondary cell of particular types 10, is the result who draws corresponding to the measured result of the temperature characterisitic of the internal driving of degradation mode.Also have, in the example of Fig. 4-3, expression utilizes the current impulse of the square wave of cycle 20Hz, has measured the situation of real part of the internal driving of secondary cell 10.Generally, the battery and for motor vehicle secondary cell 10 that adopt in observation device and communicator etc. use in wide temperature range, guarantee that in its scope the suitable internal driving of secondary cell 10 is necessary.Shown in Fig. 4-3, the internal driving of secondary cell 10 has under special low temperature region enlarging markedly the tendency that slowly reduces under the high temperature territory.
On the other hand, in Fig. 4-3, expression secondary cell 10 is not used the situation of (new product), uses, worsens the situation of little secondary cell 10 during relatively short, use, worsen the drawing under 3 kinds of situations of situation of big secondary cell 10 during long.Then, find out from Fig. 4-3 that along with the deterioration of secondary cell 10, internal driving increases at leisure.Like this, change because the internal driving of secondary cell 10 depends on two aspects of degree of temperature and deterioration, thus for the temperature correction of eliminating temperature dependent influence be necessary.Therefore, in the present embodiment, adopt the temperature dependency of approximation to function internal driving described later in advance, calculate the internal driving of set point of temperature thus,, carry out the judgement of the degradation mode of secondary cell 10 based on the result who calculates.
In the present embodiment, as the function of the temperature characterisitic of the internal driving of approximate secondary cell 10, suppose polynomial function.Herein, if the internal driving Z of secondary cell 10 is general as representing for n time polynomial function of temperature Tp, represent like this by following (29) formula.
Z＝A0+A1·Tp+A2·Tp+····+An·Tp
(29)
In (29) formula,, can be similar to internal driving Z accurately by determining the value of optimal frequency n and each coefficient A0～An.Also have, the internal driving Z as (29) formula has supposed real part, but also can adopt imaginary part or absolute value.
In the present embodiment, except adopting the polynomial function shown in (29) formula to be similar to the situation of the temperature characterisitic of internal driving, for the situation that adopts the temperature characterisitic that comprises the polynomial compound approximation to function internal driving shown in (29) formula at least, of the present invention being suitable for also is possible.Just, below explanation only adopts the polynomial function shown in (29) formula to be similar to the situation of the temperature characterisitic of internal driving.
On the other hand, in the present embodiment, with each the coefficient A0～An in the polynomial function of (29) formula respectively and the benchmark coefficient C that comprises the jointly setting that is associated.That is, the form represented by following (30) formula of the polynomial function of (29) formula is represented.
Z＝C+f1(C)·T+f2(C)·T 2+····+fn(C)·T n
(30)
Wherein, f1 (C), f2 (C) fn (C) are respectively the suitable functions that comprises benchmark coefficient C.In (30) formula, make the coefficient A0 and the benchmark coefficient C correspondence of (29) formula, make in addition each coefficient A1～An and function f 1 (C)～fn (C) correspondence of benchmark coefficient C.Being predetermined of temperature characterisitic that these each function f 1 (C) are suitable for internal driving Z is necessary.For example, can be set at the form of 1 formula comprising C, 2 formulas, exponential function etc.Like this,, calculating on the basis of benchmark coefficient C the temperature correction that can change according to (30) formula from the measured value of temperature and internal driving by adopting (30) formula.
Then, Fig. 4-the 4th, when the polynomial function that expression is represented by (29) formula or (30) formula is similar to the temperature characterisitic of internal driving Z, the figure of the relation between the frequency n of approximation quality and polynomial function.In Fig. 4-4, in desired polynomial of degree n function, in the scope of n=2～5, change, after having determined each suitable coefficient, calculate internal driving Z in, the measured value of the internal driving of secondary cell 10 is drawn.Find out that from Fig. 4-4 along with frequency n becomes big, it is big that the error of internal driving also becomes thereupon.
Herein, in the table 2 below, the corresponding related coefficient of measured value of the value of calculating of expression and each number of times of Fig. 4-4 respectively.
Table 2
Number of times Coefficient R 2
2 times 0.93135
3 times 0.99746
4 times 0.99945
5 times 0.99989
As shown in table 2, frequency n is 2 o'clock, and it is quite big that error becomes, and preferred number of times is at least more than 3.In such cases, the presumption error that can make internal driving always for very little, can be carried out approximate treatment accurately in practicality.In addition, the high precision of presumption error degree almost can be guaranteed to ignore in frequency n=5 o'clock.During in fact based on (29) formula or the correction of (30) formula Applicable temperature, preferably consider the quality of balance of necessary accuracy and operand, the frequency n of decision polynomial function.
Below, the result according to Fig. 4-4 is described, set point number n=5 is suitable for the situation based on the temperature correction of (30) formula.When in (30) formula, setting n=5, on the basis of the said reference coefficient C that each coefficient of setting the order polynomial function comprises jointly, suppose the 5 order polynomial functions of representing by following (31) formula herein.
Z＝C+f(C)·T+g(C)·T 2+h(C)·T 3+i(C)·T 4+j(C)·T 5
(31)
In (31) formula, corresponding with (30) formula, represent with the form of the function f (C) that comprises benchmark coefficient C, g (C), h (C), i (C), j (C).Then, in the present embodiment, inquire into the situation of representing each function of (31) formula with 1 formula of benchmark coefficient C from the viewpoint of the simplification of calculation process.In such cases, (31) formula is represented as following (32) formula.
Z＝C+(a1+b1·C)·T+(a2+b2·C)·T 2+(a3+b3·C)·T 3+(a4+b4·C)·T 4+(a5+b5·C)·T 5
(32)
In (32) formula,, coefficient a1～a5, b1～b5 preestablish like this as long as being suitable for the temperature characterisitic of internal driving Z.Like this, by represent each coefficient of polynomial function with 1 formula of benchmark coefficient C, can carry out the temperature correction with fairly simple calculation process.
Then, in the power-supply system about present embodiment, the concrete processing when carrying out the judgement of degradation mode based on the internal driving of secondary cell 10 describes.The process flow diagram of the flow process of the calculation process that Fig. 4-the 5th, expression control part 13 mainly carry out based on the control program of preserving in storage part 14.Calculation process shown in Fig. 4-4 predefined stipulated time in power-supply system begins to carry out.
In Fig. 4-5,, then to carry out the initial setting (step S101) of the necessary parameter of computing if by control part 13 beginning calculation process.As the parameter of the object of the initial setting that becomes step S101, the decision threshold Zth of the internal driving the during degradation mode of the reference temperature TpX that becomes the benchmark when calculating internal driving is arranged, judging secondary cell 10 etc.In step S101, for example if adopt reference temperature TpX=-30 (℃), the such initial set value of decision threshold Zth=100 (m Ω).Generally, be reference temperature TpX preferably with the lower limit set of the serviceability temperature scope of the most severe condition of the internal driving of secondary cell 10.Also have, the suitable initial set value of the characteristic of also can the decision of predetermined fixed ground corresponding secondary cell 10, but also can suitably change initial set value according to running-active status etc.
Also have,, preferably reference temperature TpX is set at the lower limit of serviceability temperature scope if consider the temperature characterisitic of the secondary cell 10 shown in Fig. 4-2.Just, if suitably set decision threshold Zth, it also is possible that temperature is arbitrarily set as reference temperature TpX.
Then, constantly apply the rated current of pulse current etc., obtain from the magnitude of voltage of voltage sensor 11 outputs with from the current value (step S102) of current sensor 12 outputs at official hour from charging circuit 15 or discharge circuit 16.Then, calculate, calculate the internal driving Z (step S103) of secondary cell 10 with the method that has adopted the magnitude of voltage in step S 102, obtained and the fourier expansion of current value etc.Also have, in step S103, internal driving Z is real part (internal driving), but calculates imaginary part and absolute value also is possible.
Then, the detected temperatures of reading temperature sensor 17 (step S104) obtains the environment temperature Tp of secondary cell 10.Then, utilize internal driving Z that in step S103, calculates and the temperature Tp that in step S104, obtains, calculate above-mentioned benchmark coefficient C (step S105).In step S105, by calculating based on above-mentioned (4) formula, following (33) formula that obtains can be obtained benchmark coefficient C.
C = Z + a 1 · Tp + a 2 · Tp 2 + a 3 · Tp 3 + a 4 · Tp 4 + a 5 · Tp 5 1 + b 1 · Tp + b 2 · Tp 2 + b 3 · Tp 3 + b 4 · Tp 4 + b 5 · Tp 5 - - - ( 33 )
,, obtain the value of the temperature characterisitic that is suitable for secondary cell 10 in advance herein, in the ROM of storage part 14, store preservation in advance as set information and get final product as the coefficient a1～a5, the b1～b5 that are comprised in (33) formula.In addition, coefficient a1～a5, b1～b5 can set arbitrarily, also can set arbitrarily for its combination.
Then, utilize the reference temperature TpX in step S101, set and the benchmark coefficient C that in step S105, calculates, calculate and following (34) formula of above-mentioned (32) formula correspondence, calculate benchmark internal driving ZX (step S106).
ZX＝C+(a1+b1·C)·TpX+(a2+b2·C)·TpX 2+(a3+b3·C)·TpX 3+(a4+b4·C)·TpX 4+(a5+b5·C)·TpX 5
(34)
That is, the benchmark internal driving ZX that calculates of (33) formula is that each measured result with temperature Tp and internal driving Z is a basic calculation thus, according to desired polynomial function, and the value of inferring by the internal driving under the approximate treatment reference temperature TpX.For example, when set reference temperature TpX=-30 (℃) time, can obtain the guess value of internal driving under temperature-30 ℃ by (34) formula.
Then, benchmark internal driving ZX that will calculate in step S106 and the decision threshold Zth that sets in step S101 compare (step S107), have carried out the processing of its magnitude relationship corresponding.Then, as benchmark internal driving ZX during, promptly judge (step S107 when satisfying ZX＞Zth greater than decision threshold Zth; Be), judge whether with stipulated number same judgement (step S108) continuously.That is, suppress the influence of the change of internal driving, stable in order to wait for judged result, step S108 is set.
Also have, in the present embodiment, the temperature correction of carrying out the internal driving Z that obtains in step S103 has been described, obtain benchmark internal driving ZX like this, decision threshold Zth is set at fixing situation, but as and temperature correlation comprise polynomial function more than 3 times at least, expression decision threshold Zth calculates decision threshold Zth and so also can obtain the effect same with the present invention under temperature arbitrarily.
When in step S108, being judged as "No", finish the calculation process of Fig. 4-4.Thereafter, if the then calculation process time of execution graph 4-4 arrival begins the execution of the calculation process shown in Fig. 4-4 once more.On the other hand, judge secondary cell 10 be in an aggravated form (step S109).On the other hand, when in step S108, being judged as "Yes", judge secondary cell 10 be in an aggravated form (step S109).In step S109, when being judged as degradation mode, for example, urging the user to change secondary cell 10 such demonstrations and get final product.
In the present embodiment, illustrated that a kind of secondary cell, the 10 pairing a kind of polynomial function that utilize the characteristic that has comprised regulation carry out the situation of calculation process, but be not limited to this, adopt a plurality of polynomial functions of multiple secondary cell 10 correspondences different with characteristic respectively, it is so also passable to carry out calculation process.That is, as stored setting information in the ROM of storage part 14, the combination of every coefficient of preparation and a plurality of polynomial function correspondences, for example, by switching rearrangeable switch etc., control part 13 is optionally read the such formation of desired set information and is got final product.
In addition, in the ROM of storage part 14, except the set information for the coefficient of polynomial function, also store the decision threshold Zth of a plurality of step S107, control part 13 is according to the kind of secondary cell 10, and it is also passable optionally to read such formation.Thus, in power-supply system,, also can carry out the correct temperature correction of internal driving even under the situation of the different secondary cell 10 of the temperature characterisitic of being replaced by internal driving.
Also have, in the present embodiment, situation to the power-supply system of the formation that comprised the degradation mode of judging accumulator included in the land station of having placed observation device and communicator etc. etc. or being placed in the vehicle secondary cell on the vehicle is illustrated, but the present invention is not limited to these purposes, also can extensively be suitable for for the various power-supply systems that general secondary cell has been installed.
(in the possibility of industrial application)
According to the present invention, because be the internal driving of obtaining secondary cell, employing comprises the polynomial function more than 3 times of approximate its temperature characterisitic, calculate the benchmark internal driving under the fiducial temperature, the degradation mode of judgement secondary cell carries out like this, so correctly revise the temperature characterisitic of the internal driving of secondary cell, judge correctly that with high accuracy the degradation mode of secondary cell becomes possibility.

Claims (26)

1, a kind of deterioration determination methods of accumulator, measurement result based on the internal resistance composition of described accumulator, the deterioration determination methods of the accumulator of the degradation mode of the described accumulator of judgement in the system that comprises the formation that accumulator is connected with load is characterized in that
The temperature of judging the degradation mode of described accumulator is preestablished as reference temperature;
To obtain in advance as the resistance temperature correction factor according to the variation of temperature of described internal resistance composition;
The temperature of the described accumulator when measuring the internal resistance composition of described accumulator and described internal resistance composition measurement;
Based on described resistance temperature correction factor, be the value of the internal resistance composition under the described reference temperature with the value transform of the internal resistance composition of described measurement;
The value and the predefined deterioration decision threshold of the internal resistance composition under the described reference temperature are compared, judge the degradation mode of described accumulator.
2, the deterioration determination methods of accumulator according to claim 1 is characterized in that,
With the internal resistance composition under the described reference temperature and the relation of the voltage between terminals during the described battery discharging when having flowed the discharge current that is predetermined by described accumulator under the described reference temperature obtain in advance as the resistive voltage conversion coefficient;
Based on described resistive voltage conversion coefficient, the value of the voltage between terminals when being described battery discharging under the described reference temperature with the value transform of the internal resistance composition under the described reference temperature;
Voltage between terminals during with the described battery discharging under the described reference temperature and predefined deterioration decision threshold are compared, and judge the degradation mode of described accumulator.
3, the deterioration determination methods of accumulator according to claim 2 is characterized in that,
Described deterioration decision threshold is the above value of the necessary minimum voltage of described loaded work piece.
4, the deterioration determination methods of accumulator according to claim 2 is characterized in that,
Voltage between terminals during described battery discharging in the operation that the relation of the voltage between terminals with internal resistance composition under the described reference temperature and the described battery discharging when having flowed the discharge current that is predetermined by the described accumulator under the described reference temperature time is obtained in advance as the resistive voltage conversion coefficient, the minimum voltage during for described battery discharging.
5, the deterioration determination methods of accumulator according to claim 2 is characterized in that,
Voltage between terminals during described battery discharging in the operation that the relation of the voltage between terminals with internal resistance composition under the described reference temperature and the described battery discharging when having flowed the discharge current that is predetermined by the described accumulator under the described reference temperature time is obtained in advance as the resistive voltage conversion coefficient is the voltage after described battery discharging has begun to pass through the stipulated time.
6, the deterioration determination methods of accumulator according to claim 1 is characterized in that,
Relation between drop-out voltage during described battery discharging during with the discharge current that is predetermined by described accumulator under the internal resistance composition under the described reference temperature and the described reference temperature that flowed is obtained in advance as the resistive voltage conversion coefficient;
Based on described resistive voltage conversion coefficient, the value of drop-out voltage when being described battery discharging under the described reference temperature with the value transform of the internal resistance composition under the described reference temperature;
Drop-out voltage during with the described battery discharging under the described reference temperature and predefined deterioration decision threshold are compared, and judge the degradation mode of described accumulator.
7, the deterioration determination methods of accumulator according to claim 6 is characterized in that,
Described deterioration decision threshold is the following value of drop-out voltage value that is made as the necessary minimum voltage of described loaded work piece.
8, according to the deterioration determination methods of claim 1,2 or 6 described accumulators, it is characterized in that,
Described reference temperature is in the serviceability temperature scope of described accumulator, and the value of voltage between terminals is minimum temperature when being set to discharge when having flowed the discharge current that is predetermined by described accumulator.
9, the deterioration determination methods of accumulator according to claim 8 is characterized in that,
The current waveform of the described discharge current that is predetermined is considered to come down to and be illustrated in the current waveform of described loaded work piece current waveform equivalence of necessary current sinking in the time.
10, the deterioration determination methods of accumulator according to claim 1 is characterized in that,
Described deterioration decision threshold is that the internal resistance that is made as the necessary minimum voltage of described loaded work piece becomes the following value of score value.
11, the deterioration determination methods of accumulator according to claim 1 is characterized in that,
Among the accumulator more than 2, at least 1 accumulator is judged degradation mode, when described 1 accumulator is in deterioration prediction state or degradation mode, discern its state.
12, the deterioration determination methods of accumulator according to claim 1 is characterized in that, comprising:
At least judge the degradation mode of 2 described accumulators, when accumulator is in deterioration prediction state or degradation mode, the information and the display part that continues to use accumulator information that continues use of the accumulator of the required correspondence that expression need charge or change; Storage part with process of the described accumulator of storage; Preserve charging at least and use or continue to use the process of possible accumulator, perhaps/and have the control/judging part that continues determining program.
13, a kind of deterioration determination methods of accumulator based on the discharge performance of accumulator, is judged the degradation mode of the described accumulator in the system that comprises the formation that described accumulator is connected with load, it is characterized in that,
The temperature of judging the degradation mode of described accumulator is preestablished as reference temperature;
The correlation that the discharge performance of measurement and described accumulator has correlationship under desired temperature;
Temperature and described correlation when measuring based on the temperature amendment type of the described correlation of obtaining in advance, described correlation are transformed to correlation under the described reference temperature with described correlation;
Based on prescribed relationship formula between correlation and the described discharge performance and the described correlation after the conversion, obtain the discharge performance of described accumulator;
Discharge performance under the described reference temperature of obtaining and predefined deterioration decision threshold are compared, judge the degradation mode of described accumulator.
14, the deterioration determination methods of accumulator according to claim 13 is characterized in that,
Be predetermined the temperature range more than 2, in each this temperature range, set reference temperature arbitrarily;
The measurement temperature of measuring when being chosen in the degradation mode of judging described accumulator and at least 1 reference temperature of described temperature range correspondence.
15, the deterioration determination methods of accumulator according to claim 13 is characterized in that,
The measurement temperature of measuring during by the degradation mode of judging described accumulator and the reference temperature of value setting more than 2 of this measurements temperature;
Value under more described 2 reference temperatures or judge mutual correlationship is judged the degradation mode of described accumulator.
16, the deterioration determination methods of accumulator according to claim 13 is characterized in that,
Described correlation is the dc resistance, AC impedance value of the internal resistance composition of described accumulator or as the conduction value of interchange reactance value of the inverse of described AC impedance value etc.
17, the deterioration determination methods of accumulator according to claim 13 is characterized in that,
The relational expression of described regulation be the voltage between terminals of the described accumulator when having flowed the electric current of time changing pattern of the current sinking that is equivalent to load or the time changing pattern with the current sinking of load of having flowed be as the criterion electric current the time the voltage between terminals of described accumulator.
18, the deterioration determination methods of accumulator according to claim 13 is characterized in that,
But described reference temperature is set in the serviceability temperature scope of the regulation of described accumulator, the discharge performance of battery descends the most serious temperature.
19, the deterioration determination methods of accumulator according to claim 13 is characterized in that,
Described reference temperature is set at the temperature that deducts uniform temperature from described desired temperatures.
20, the deterioration determination methods of accumulator according to claim 13 is characterized in that,
Described reference temperature is set at the temperature with the regulation of each temperature field correspondence at described desired temperatures place.
21, a kind of deterioration of accumulator judgment means based on the measurement result of the internal resistance composition of accumulator, is judged the degradation mode of the described accumulator in the system that comprises the formation that described accumulator is connected with load; It is characterized in that,
Comprise:
The temperature of judging the degradation mode of described accumulator is preestablished as reference temperature;
To obtain in advance as the resistance temperature correction factor according to the variation of temperature of described internal resistance composition;
The battery temperature measurement section of the temperature of the described accumulator when measuring the internal resistance composition of described accumulator and described internal resistance composition measurement;
Based on described resistance temperature conversion coefficient, be the internal resistance composition transformation component of the value of the internal resistance composition under the described reference temperature with the value transform of the internal resistance composition of described measurement;
The value and the predefined deterioration decision threshold of the internal resistance composition under the described reference temperature are compared, judge the degradation mode judging part of the degradation mode of described accumulator.
22, deterioration of accumulator judgment means according to claim 21 is characterized in that,
With the internal resistance composition under the described reference temperature and the relation of the voltage between terminals during the described battery discharging when having flowed the discharge current that is predetermined by described accumulator under the described reference temperature obtain in advance as the resistive voltage conversion coefficient;
Also comprise:
The voltage between terminals transformation component, based on described resistive voltage conversion coefficient, the value of the voltage between terminals when being described battery discharging under the described reference temperature with the value transform of the internal resistance composition under the described reference temperature;
The degradation mode judging part, voltage between terminals during with the described battery discharging under the described reference temperature and predefined deterioration decision threshold are compared, and judge the degradation mode of described accumulator.
23, deterioration of accumulator judgment means according to claim 21 is characterized in that,
The relation of drop-out voltage is obtained in advance as the resistive voltage conversion coefficient with the internal resistance composition under the described reference temperature and during the described battery discharging when having flowed the discharge current that is predetermined by described accumulator under the described reference temperature;
Also comprise:
Decline voltage transformating part during discharge, based on described resistive voltage conversion coefficient, the value of drop-out voltage when being described battery discharging under the described reference temperature with the value transform of the internal resistance composition under the described reference temperature;
The degradation mode judging part, drop-out voltage during with the described battery discharging under the described reference temperature and predefined deterioration decision threshold are compared, and judge the degradation mode of described accumulator.
24, a kind of deterioration of accumulator judgment means based on the discharge performance of accumulator, is judged the degradation mode of the described accumulator in the system that comprises the formation that described accumulator is connected with load, it is characterized in that,
The temperature of judging the degradation mode of described accumulator is preestablished as reference temperature;
Under desired temperature, the correlation that the discharge performance of measurement and described accumulator has correlationship;
Temperature and described correlation when measuring based on the temperature amendment type of the described correlation of obtaining in advance, described correlation are transformed to described correlation the correlation transformation component of the correlation under the described reference temperature;
Based on the prescribed relationship formula of correlation and described discharge performance and the described correlation after the conversion, obtain the discharge performance of the discharge performance of described accumulator and calculate portion;
Discharge performance under the described reference temperature of obtaining and predefined deterioration decision threshold are compared, judge the degradation mode judging part of the degradation mode of described accumulator.
25, according to the deterioration judgment means of claim 21 or 24 described accumulators, it is characterized in that, comprising:
Among the accumulator more than 2, judge degradation mode for 1 accumulator at least, when described 1 accumulator is in deterioration prediction state or degradation mode, can discern the display part of its state.
26, according to the deterioration judgment means of claim 21 or 24 described accumulators, it is characterized in that,
At least judge the degradation mode of 2 described accumulators, when accumulator is in deterioration prediction state or degradation mode, the display part of the information of the needed corresponding accumulator that demonstration need charge or change and the information of the continuation use accumulator that can continue to use; Storage part with process of the described accumulator of storage; Preserve that charging is at least used or the process of the accumulator that can continue to use, perhaps/and have the control/judging part that continues the program judged.
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