CN100553926C - Adopt hot padding to make biological epidermis morphology and duplicate the clone method of template - Google Patents
Adopt hot padding to make biological epidermis morphology and duplicate the clone method of template Download PDFInfo
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- CN100553926C CN100553926C CNB2007101176190A CN200710117619A CN100553926C CN 100553926 C CN100553926 C CN 100553926C CN B2007101176190 A CNB2007101176190 A CN B2007101176190A CN 200710117619 A CN200710117619 A CN 200710117619A CN 100553926 C CN100553926 C CN 100553926C
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of hot padding making biological epidermis morphology that adopts and duplicate the clone method of template, this clone method is made the protozoa epidermis the dry sample of biological epidermis earlier, carry out sample then and stack the heating of exerting pressure → vacuumize → cooling demoulding, make at last and duplicate template.Use the present invention and duplicate template as the mould that duplicates the bionic, drag-reducing covering, its bionical thing resistance reducing covering of producing can be applied to the ROV resistance reducing covering; The bionical thing resistance reducing covering of producing has and the fidelity of primitive organism epidermis morphology more than 90%, can improve the drag reducing efficiency as ROV surface resistance reducing covering effectively.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method that biological epidermis morphology is duplicated, more particularly say, be meant a kind of preparation method who duplicates template who directly duplicates biological epidermis morphology by hot press printing technology.
Background technology
Increasingly serious energy problem makes to save energy and reduce the cost becomes common, the active demand of current society.The skin resistance that effectively reduces ROV with raising speed, promote ROV flying power to improve the fuel utilization ratio, significant for national economy and national defense safety.The resistance reducing covering technology is adopted on the outline body surface of general ROV, makes the ROV surface have higher drag reducing efficiency.Current, imitation shark etc. under water animal the body surface drag reduction mechanism, make the focus that the bionic, drag-reducing epidermis has become domestic and international research.
Under the prior art condition, mainly concentrate on for the preparation of biological epidermis morphology template the profiling of organism surface microscopic appearance is made, mostly the biological epidermis microscopic appearance is being carried out on abstract, the basis of simplifying, amplifying, copying by methods such as fine machining (as microscopic carvings quarters, little milling, little forging and pressing etc.), Laser Processing (laser sintered), semiconductor machining (UV-LIGA technology), little rapid prototypings and mold the biological epidermis morphology template.USPatents:4753401,4930729,4863121,5386955,5606201,6545842,6729846 discloses respectively and has a kind ofly adopted little fast prototype method to be shaped to imitate the preparation method of shark drag reduction epidermis, adopt that above-mentioned imitated technological means shaping efficiency is low, cost is high, and the bionical thing epidermis degree true to nature of being copied out is relatively poor.Often the single geometrical patterns such as V-arrangement, U-shaped groove or circular little hole that exceed the several magnitudes of shark scale groove with size come complicated and different according to the position and the shark scale that change of substitute structure.The low fidelity of bionical sharkskin on surface topography must be difficult to the biological original function of true reflection, and the maximum drag reducing efficiency that existing bionical sharkskin achievement in research can reach all is lower than 8%, does not reach the drag-reduction effect of prototype biological surface far away.Therefore, the problems referred to above have directly limited the through engineering approaches application of bionical sharkskin.
Hot padding is to structure plan little low and fireballing method of cost of duplicating of duplicating and receive that walks abreast under the micro-nano-scale.Its principle is to have under its vitrification point (Tg) by thermal plasticity high polymer that viscosity reduces, mobile enhancing properties, make high polymer be filled into concave domain on the motherboard under certain pressure, thereby the implementation structure pattern is to the transfer of duplicating of Polymer Surface.Hot padding can obtain high-resolution, high aspect ratio structure and have characteristics such as method is flexible, with low cost.
Summary of the invention
One of purpose of the present invention provides a kind of template of duplicating that adopts biological epidermis morphology that hot padding produces, uses and duplicates template as the mould that duplicates the bionic, drag-reducing covering, and its bionical thing resistance reducing covering of producing can be applied to the ROV resistance reducing covering; The bionical thing resistance reducing covering of producing has and the fidelity of primitive organism epidermis morphology more than 90%, can improve the drag reducing efficiency as ROV surface resistance reducing covering effectively.
Another object of the present invention is to propose a kind ofly to adopt hot padding to make to duplicate the clone method of template, this clone method is made the protozoa epidermis the dry sample of biological epidermis earlier, carry out sample then and stack the heating of exerting pressure → vacuumize → cooling demoulding, make at last and duplicate template.Clone method of the present invention fully by the unique profile and the design feature of organism surface, is directly introduced the forming process of duplicating template, high true to nature the duplicating of finally realizing the organism surface microscopic appearance with organism as the interface constraint.
The present invention is that a kind of hot padding making biological epidermis morphology that adopts duplicates the clone method of template, and the making biological epidermis morphology duplicates template and has following duplication process step:
The first step: system biological epidermis sample
(A) with the protozoa epidermis bought after washed with de-ionized water 3～6 times, with its chemical fixation 6～8h in 2.5% glutaraldehyde solution, 0～4 ℃ of chemical fixation temperature makes fixedly sample epidermis;
(B) will be after fixedly sample epidermis that (A) step makes adopts washed with de-ionized water 3～6 times, it is put into concentration 50% ethanolic solution 20～30min, concentration 75% ethanolic solution 20～30min, concentration 95% ethanolic solution 20～30min, the concentration 100% ethanolic solution 20～30min that dewaters that dewaters that dewaters that dewaters successively, make dehydration sample epidermis;
(C) will under 50～70 ℃ of conditions, dry by the fire 8～12h through the dehydration sample epidermis that (B) step makes, make the dry sample epidermis of moisture content 5～10%;
Second step: substrate material is chosen
Substrate material is chosen polymethyl methacrylate, Merlon, polyvinyl chloride or thermoplastic polystyrene material as the complex plate of making biological epidermis morphology;
The 3rd step: the isostatic pressing pallet of writing in reply
(A) will be staggered relatively through the front and the complex plate (2) in second step of the dry sample epidermis (1) that the first step makes, place weight plates (3) at the back side of described dry sample epidermis (1) then, form the clamping template; The force of impression that described dry sample epidermis (1) bears is 4～7kN;
(B) will put into vacuum drying chamber (4) through the clamping template that (A) step makes and be evacuated to 1 * 10
-3Pa behind heated at constant temperature 15～45min under 105～155 ℃ of conditions of vacuum tank temperature, is cooled to 55～75 ℃ of condition bottom knockouts then naturally, makes and duplicates template.
Described biological epidermis morphology duplicates the clone method of template, and what it made duplicates template as the mould that duplicates the bionic, drag-reducing covering.
The present invention makes the advantage of dry sample epidermis: (1) to the protozoa epidermis adopt that plane nail-plate or frame strengthening clean, solidify, dehydration, drying, do not destroy the biological prototype pattern, its prototype structure serviceability rate is more than 95%; (2) chemical fixation effectively improves the mechanical performance of biological prototype structure in 2.5% glutaraldehyde solution, and its hardness and intensity improve more than 80%; (3) dry after the Different concentrations of alcohol solution dehydrates moisture content of sample epidermis is effectively reduced, its moisture content is lower than 10%.
The present invention makes the advantage duplicate template: during (1) backed stamper sheet metal forming required force of impression be weight plates from weight, its bionical thing pattern duplicates controllable shaping; (2) employing vacuumizes processing to the clamping template, makes the front of dry sample epidermis not have the air existence with contacting of complex plate, has solved the accuracy of repetition reduction that cause in the space; (3) adopt hot padding clone method of the present invention directly to duplicate, and accuracy of repetition is more than 90% to biological epidermis morphology; (4) manufacture craft is simple, efficient is high, cost is low, has stronger practicality and operability; (5) adopt that the inventive method makes duplicate template as mould the time, the surface quality of its material, mechanical performance and dimensional stability are higher; (6) complex sheet material material is drawn materials extensively, and is with low cost, easy-formation.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is that the present invention adopts hot press printing technology making biological epidermis morphology to duplicate the process flow diagram of template.
Fig. 2 is the assembling schematic diagram of dry sample epidermis and weight plates, substrate.
Fig. 3 A is the light micrograph of narrowtooth shark fish-skin surface topography.
Fig. 3 B is the single fish scale structural representation of narrowtooth shark fish-skin.
Fig. 4 A is the SEM photo that the narrowtooth shark fish-skin duplicates the template surface topography.
Fig. 4 B adopts the narrowtooth shark fish-skin to duplicate template to carry out the shark intimating covering light micrograph that obtains after the silicon rubber replica as mould.
The specific embodiment
The present invention is described in further detail below in conjunction with drawings and Examples.
Referring to shown in Figure 1, the present invention is a kind of clone method that duplicates template that adopts hot padding to make biological epidermis morphology, and the template of duplicating of making biological epidermis morphology includes following duplication process step:
The first step: system biological epidermis sample
(A) with the protozoa epidermis bought through washed with de-ionized water 3～6 times, with the protozoa epidermis chemical fixation 6～8h in 2.5% glutaraldehyde solution that cleans, 0～4 ℃ of chemical fixation temperature makes fixedly sample epidermis then;
(B) will adopt washed with de-ionized water 3～6 times through the fixedly sample epidermis that (A) step makes, the fixedly sample epidermis that to clean is then put into concentration 50% ethanolic solution 20～30min, concentration 75% ethanolic solution 20～30min, concentration 95% ethanolic solution 20～30min, the concentration 100% ethanolic solution 20～30min that dewaters that dewaters that dewaters that dewaters successively, makes dehydration sample epidermis;
(C) will under 50～70 ℃ of conditions, dry by the fire 8～12h through the dehydration sample epidermis that (B) step makes, make the dry sample epidermis of moisture content 5～10%.
For preventing shrinkage of protozoa epidermis and warpage, stretch tight on anchor clamps or surface plate around the protozoa epidermis, described anchor clamps are photo frame type framework commonly used.In fixing, dehydration, dry link, all adopted the frame-type anchor clamps, can make the protozoa epidermis keep smooth.
Described protozoa epidermis can be commercially available sharkskin (narrowtooth shark fish-skin), tuna fish-skin or sturgeon skin etc.For selecting of protozoa epidermis, generally choose placoid scale structure epidermis with the arrangement of assuming diamond in shape.
The purpose of this step is to keep protozoa epidermis prototype structure, by glutaraldehyde solution and increase its mechanical strength, comprises hardness and intensity.
Second step: substrate material is chosen
For in moulding; guarantee that substrate with rising (105～155 ℃ of heating links), the reduction (55～75 ℃ of cooling demoulding links) of temperature deformation does not take place, substrate material is chosen polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), Merlon (PC), polyvinyl chloride (PVC) or polystyrene thermoplastics such as (PS) as the complex plate of making biological epidermis morphology among the present invention.
The 3rd step: the isostatic pressing pallet (referring to shown in Figure 2) of writing in reply
(A) front and the complex plate 2 in second step of the dry sample epidermis 1 that (C) step makes in the first step is staggered relatively, and in the back side of described dry sample epidermis 1 placement weight plates 3, put into vacuum drying chamber 4 then and carry out vacuum heating treatment; Then, when vacuum drying chamber is cooled to 55～75 ℃, carry out the demoulding and handle, make and duplicate template; The force of impression that described dry sample epidermis 1 bears is 4～7kN.
(B) will put into vacuum drying chamber 4 through the clamping template that (A) step makes and be evacuated to 1 * 10
-3Pa behind heated at constant temperature 15～45min under 105～155 ℃ of conditions of vacuum tank temperature, is cooled to 55～75 ℃ of condition bottom knockouts then naturally, makes and duplicates template.
In the present invention, vacuum drying chamber is chosen 111 liters of comfort type drying boxes of Vacucell.
The purpose that vacuumizes is not have air in order to guarantee between dry sample epidermis 1 and the complex plate 2, does not produce and feels suffocated, in order to avoid reduce print effect.
The weight of described weight plates 3 and backed stamper sheet metal forming exist correlation, when promptly weight plates 3 is light, are difficult for the surface topography of dry sample epidermis 1 is copied on the substrate 2; When weight plates 3 was heavier, the surface topography of the dry sample epidermis 1 of destructible also made the poor effect that copies on the substrate 2.Weight plates is chosen metal material, as lead, copper billet etc.In the present invention, area S=a * the b of the weight G of weight plates 3 and dry sample epidermis 1 has G=KS, in the formula, K represents dry sample epidermis 1 suffered pressure on unit are, unit is KN, and a represents the length of dry sample epidermis 1, and unit is m, b represents the width of dry sample epidermis 1, and unit is m.
Embodiment 1:
Make narrowtooth shark (Carcharhinus brachyurous, the long 1.4m of body) fish-skin and duplicate template
The first step: system biological epidermis sample
(A) with commercially available narrowtooth shark fish-skin as biological specimen.At first extract the fresh sharkskin of 50 * 50mm, remove hypodermis and clean repeatedly 3 times with distilled water at fish body side surface position; With the narrowtooth shark fish-skin chemical fixation 6h in 2.5% glutaraldehyde solution that cleans, 4 ℃ of chemical fixation temperature make fixedly sample epidermis then;
(B) will adopt washed with de-ionized water 5 times through the fixedly sample epidermis that (A) step makes, the fixedly sample epidermis that to clean is then put into concentration 50% ethanolic solution 20min, concentration 75% ethanolic solution 30min, concentration 95% ethanolic solution 20min, the concentration 100% ethanolic solution 30min that dewaters that dewaters that dewaters that dewaters successively, makes dehydration sample epidermis;
(C) will under 60 ℃ of conditions, dry by the fire 10h through the dehydration sample epidermis that (B) step makes, make the dry sample epidermis (as shown in Figure 3A) of moisture content 5%.
For can making the narrowtooth shark fish-skin keep smooth, not shrinkage, warpage not stretch tight its drawout in fixing, dehydration, dry link and handle on a panel.
Second step: substrate material is chosen
For in moulding, guarantee that substrate with rising (105～155 ℃ of heating links), the reduction (55～75 ℃ of cooling demoulding links) of temperature deformation does not take place, substrate material is chosen polymethyl methacrylate materials in this example.
The 3rd step: the isostatic pressing pallet (referring to shown in Figure 2) of writing in reply
The front and complex plate 2 (the polymethyl methacrylate material in second step with the dry sample epidermis 1 that (C) step makes in the first step, size 60 * 60mm) is staggered relatively, and at the back side of described dry sample epidermis 1 placement weight plates 3 (leads, from weight 20Kg), put into vacuum drying chamber 4 then and carry out vacuum heating treatment; Then, when vacuum drying chamber is cooled to 70 ℃, carry out the demoulding and handle, make and duplicate template (shown in Fig. 4 A).
In this example, vacuum drying chamber is chosen 111 liters of comfort type drying boxes of Vacucell.
Described vacuum heating treatment condition: vacuum 1 * 10
-3Pa, heated at constant temperature 30min under 130 ℃ of conditions.
Under Nikon E200 type biomicroscope, the narrowtooth shark fish-skin that makes is duplicated template (shown in Fig. 4 A) compare with dry sample epidermis (as shown in Figure 3A), it forces straight degree to reach 95%.Owing to have the higher fidelity of duplicating, with its mould, can prepare more bionical thing resistance reducing covering, thereby make the drag-reduction effect of bionical thing resistance reducing covering can be farthest near natural biology near the biological prototype structure as bionical thing resistance reducing covering.
Photo referring to the narrowtooth shark fish-skin surface topography shown in Fig. 3 A.As can be seen, the fish-skin top layer is made up of the placoid scale of arranging (Placoid scales) that assumes diamond in shape from photo, and the scale surface is made of to groove following current, and groove width is about 45 μ m.It is to be noted, the shark scale is different from the general squama animal that has aspect structure and material: at first, placoid scale just remains unchanged once forming, do not become big with the fish bulk-growth, its groove shape and size are only by shark kind and growth site decision, thereby its groove structure of scale on the same position of sharkskin is approximate identical with size; Secondly, placoid scale is enamel, and quality is hard, is made of squama sour jujube and buried substrate in skin inside, and the two constitutes firm cantilever beam structures (shown in Fig. 3 B).
Narrowtooth shark fish-skin of the present invention is duplicated template as mould, adopt silicon rubber casting replica to make imitative narrowtooth shark fish resistance reducing covering, its external morphology is shown in Fig. 4 B.Under Nikon E200 type biomicroscope, imitative narrowtooth shark fish resistance reducing covering and dry sample epidermis (as shown in Figure 3A) are carried out the external morphology observation, it forces straight degree to reach 93%.
Embodiment 2:
Make the tuna skin and duplicate template
The first step: system biological epidermis sample
(A) the tuna skin of buying is extracted 40 * 40mm through washed with de-ionized water 6 times, with the protozoa epidermis chemical fixation 8h in 2.5% glutaraldehyde solution that cleans, 2 ℃ of chemical fixation temperature make fixedly sample epidermis then;
(B) will adopt washed with de-ionized water 6 times through the fixedly sample epidermis that (A) step makes, the fixedly sample epidermis that to clean is then put into concentration 50% ethanolic solution 30min, concentration 75% ethanolic solution 20min, concentration 95% ethanolic solution 20min, the concentration 100% ethanolic solution 30min that dewaters that dewaters that dewaters that dewaters successively, makes dehydration sample epidermis;
(C) will under 50 ℃ of conditions, dry by the fire 8h through the dehydration sample epidermis that (B) step makes, make the dry sample epidermis of moisture content 10%.
For preventing that the tuna rhicnosis from contracting and warpage, fix on a photo frame type framework stretching tight around it, dewater, dry link handles.
Second step: choose PVC as the complex plate
The 3rd step: the isostatic pressing pallet (referring to shown in Figure 2) of writing in reply
The front and the complex plate 2 in second step of the dry sample epidermis 1 that (C) step makes in the first step is staggered relatively, and, put into vacuum drying chamber 4 then and carry out vacuum heating treatment in the back side of described dry sample epidermis 1 placement weight plates 3 (from weight 12Kg); Then, when vacuum drying chamber is cooled to 65 ℃, carry out the demoulding and handle, make and duplicate template.
In the present invention, vacuum drying chamber is chosen 111 liters of comfort type drying boxes of Vacucell.
Described vacuum heating treatment condition: vacuum 1 * 10
-3Pa, heated at constant temperature 15min under 105 ℃ of conditions.
Observe to find that under Nikon E200 type biomicroscope it is 90% that dry tuna sample epidermis and tuna skin duplicate the similarity that template compares.
Claims (4)
1, a kind of hot padding making biological epidermis morphology that adopts duplicates the clone method of template, it is characterized in that having following duplication process step:
The first step: system biological epidermis sample
(A) with the protozoa epidermis bought after washed with de-ionized water 3～6 times, with its chemical fixation 6～8h in 2.5% glutaraldehyde solution, 0～4 ℃ of chemical fixation temperature makes fixedly sample epidermis;
(B) will be after fixedly sample epidermis that (A) step makes adopts washed with de-ionized water 3～6 times, it is put into concentration 50% ethanolic solution 20～30min, concentration 75% ethanolic solution 20～30min, concentration 95% ethanolic solution 20～30min, the concentration 100% ethanolic solution 20～30min that dewaters that dewaters that dewaters that dewaters successively, make dehydration sample epidermis;
(C) will under 50～70 ℃ of conditions, dry by the fire 8～12h through the dehydration sample epidermis that (B) step makes, make the dry sample epidermis of moisture content 5～10%;
Second step: substrate material is chosen
Substrate material is chosen polymethyl methacrylate, Merlon, polyvinyl chloride or thermoplastic polystyrene material as the complex plate of making biological epidermis morphology;
The 3rd step: the isostatic pressing pallet of writing in reply
(A) front and the complex plate (2) in second step of the dry sample epidermis (1) that (C) step makes in the first step step is staggered relatively, place weight plates (3) at the back side of described dry sample epidermis (1) then, form the clamping template; The force of impression that described dry sample epidermis (1) bears is 4～7kN;
(B) will put into vacuum drying chamber (4) through the clamping template that (A) step makes and be evacuated to 1 * 10
-3Pa behind heated at constant temperature 15～45min under 105～155 ℃ of conditions of vacuum tank temperature, is cooled to 55～75 ℃ of condition bottom knockouts then naturally, makes and duplicates template.
2, biological epidermis morphology according to claim 1 duplicates the clone method of template, it is characterized in that: the protozoa epidermis in the first step is narrowtooth shark fish-skin, tuna fish-skin or sturgeon skin.
3, biological epidermis morphology according to claim 1 duplicates the clone method of template, it is characterized in that: what make duplicates template as the mould that duplicates the bionic, drag-reducing covering.
4, biological epidermis morphology according to claim 1 duplicates the clone method of template, it is characterized in that: make and duplicate template and the protozoa epidermis morphology has 90%～95% fidelity.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB2007101176190A CN100553926C (en) | 2007-06-20 | 2007-06-20 | Adopt hot padding to make biological epidermis morphology and duplicate the clone method of template |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CNB2007101176190A CN100553926C (en) | 2007-06-20 | 2007-06-20 | Adopt hot padding to make biological epidermis morphology and duplicate the clone method of template |
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| CN101081532A CN101081532A (en) | 2007-12-05 |
| CN100553926C true CN100553926C (en) | 2009-10-28 |
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Families Citing this family (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101590580B (en) * | 2008-05-27 | 2012-01-04 | 深圳市百安百科技有限公司 | Manufacturing method of simulated sharkskin metal mould |
| CN101372547B (en) * | 2008-10-16 | 2010-08-11 | 北京航空航天大学 | Manufacturing method of shark intimating covering having self-lubricating groove and composite anti-drag function |
| CN102145567B (en) * | 2010-10-30 | 2013-07-24 | 华南理工大学 | Bionic drag reduction membrane material based on sharkskin surface and matrix structure and preparation method thereof |
| CN102114682B (en) * | 2010-12-31 | 2013-03-13 | 山东理工大学 | Method for copying epidermis appearance of scaly organism by using copying template made of polyvinyl alcohol |
| CN102343674B (en) * | 2011-04-15 | 2014-02-05 | 北京航空航天大学 | Manufacturing method of complex drag reduction coating with flexible wall and imitation shark skin micro-groove |
| CN102581109B (en) * | 2012-03-26 | 2014-05-28 | 江苏大学 | Method for manufacturing non-smooth surface of organism and device |
| CN102849205B (en) * | 2012-09-17 | 2014-11-05 | 北京航空航天大学 | Controlled manufacturing method for shark imitated drag reduction surface structure under variable environment |
| CN103552652B (en) * | 2013-11-06 | 2015-09-30 | 山东理工大学 | Groove width self-adaptation type based on longitudinal stretching is imitated shark drag reduction and is mated formation and control method |
| CN103552653B (en) * | 2013-11-06 | 2015-09-30 | 山东理工大学 | Groove width self-adaptation type based on cross directional stretch is imitated shark drag reduction and is mated formation and control method |
| CN104228054A (en) * | 2014-07-23 | 2014-12-24 | 大连理工大学 | Large-area replication method of resistance-reducing micro grooves of bionic shark skin |
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