CN100553106C - Solar grid-connected electricity-generation energy output maximization circuit structure - Google Patents

Solar grid-connected electricity-generation energy output maximization circuit structure Download PDF

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CN100553106C
CN100553106C CNB2006100283218A CN200610028321A CN100553106C CN 100553106 C CN100553106 C CN 100553106C CN B2006100283218 A CNB2006100283218 A CN B2006100283218A CN 200610028321 A CN200610028321 A CN 200610028321A CN 100553106 C CN100553106 C CN 100553106C
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inversion unit
basic inversion
controller
solar
output
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CN1877979A (en
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曾国辉
张秀彬
赵兴勇
肖杭
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Shanghai Jiaotong University
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Shanghai Jiaotong University
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y02E10/56—Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers

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Abstract

A kind of solar grid-connected electricity-generation energy output maximization circuit structure of technical field of power systems, comprise: solar battery group, basic inversion unit, device and controller are flexible coupling, constitute many level tandem type inversion topological structure, solar battery group is formed the combined plate that rated voltage is output as 48V by solar panel independently by the serial/parallel mode that connects, basic inversion unit constitutes bridge circuit by the electronic power switch device, solar array voltage is by the control of controller to four switching device on/off times, basic inversion unit was just exported in the time period of determining, zero, the stepped-up voltage of negative three kinds of states, the device that is flexible coupling is made up of the electronic power switch device, PWM strategy by controller solves basic inversion unit serial/parallel annexation each other, realize the output of the ladder differential sinusoidal ac of this system topology, make system impel solar cell to be issued to energy output maximization to greatest extent at low harmonic wave and High Power Factor.

Description

Solar grid-connected electricity-generation energy output maximization circuit structure
Technical field
What the present invention relates to is a kind of circuit structure of technical field of power systems, specifically is a kind of solar grid-connected electricity-generation energy output maximization circuit structure.
Background technology
At the problem that current energy growing tension and environmental issue become increasingly conspicuous, solar energy adopts the mode of generating electricity by way of merging two or more grid systems to become the our times Study on Technology focus that taps a new source of energy to the electrical network electric energy supplement as regenerative resource.The key technology of parallel network power generation is: how to make the photovoltaic array Maximum Power Output and be transferred to user or electrical network as far as possible safely and effectively.The problems referred to above depend on the technological achievement of three broad aspect: power electronic device, inverter circuit topological structure and inversion control strategy.
Many level cascade inverter circuit is current comparatively advanced a kind of AC/DC (DC/AC) inversion topological, and this circuit is pursued and reduced the harmonic components that is incorporated into the power networks to greatest extent.Full on/off by the electronic power switch device realizes the conversion of output voltage form in all inverter circuits.As everyone knows, when electronic switching device is in the operating state that opens circuit, promptly disconnected the energy output channel, this is in general DC/AC, the problem that does not exist energy to be detained or to lose, but basic variation has just taken place in situation in solar photovoltaic grid-connection, because solar cell is to realize the conversion of luminous energy to electric energy according to photovoltaic effect: it is right that absorption luminous energy inspires the nonequilibrium electron hole; Move to non-homogeneous potential field from generation in nonequilibrium electron and hole; Nonequilibrium electron moves round about under non-homogeneous potential field effect with the hole and separates.If the photovoltaic cell energy of position that this separation trend produced under the acute irradiation of sunlight fails to be released timely, not only can cause the waste of energy, but also can cause the destruction of non-homogeneous potential field and the phenomenon of ability decline occurs exciting.
Find by prior art documents, document " Multilevel converters as a utilityinterface for renewable energy systems " (Tolbert, Leon M.and Peng, FangZ.Source:Proceedings of the IEEE Power Engineering SocietyTransmission and Distribution Conference, v 2,2000, p 1271-1274) (IEEE power engineering journal, " the cascaded transformation interface that is used for regenerative resource ") introduced a kind of many level cascade circuit design that is used for solar grid-connected generating, by independently inversion circuit and every group of solar cell are formed an inversion unit, a plurality of inversion units are fixed serial connection, by controller the inversion unit on/off time of these serial connections is controlled, form many level phase shift cascade, owing to adopt limited DC level to constitute approximate sinusoidal waveform by the mode of phase shift cascade, therefore this Harmonic Waves composition is few, just can make the operation that directly is connected to the grid of this sinusoidal ac need not special filter.Do not use inductance and capacitor element because of sort circuit again, so its power factor also can reach very high level.These all are the distinguishing features of this circuit.
But above-mentioned this type of circuit is not considered: how to make solar grid-connected electricity generation system energy export maximized problem when considering to reduce harmonic components and improving power factor.In other words, above-mentioned document does not have to consider the release problem of solar cell energy when switching device is in off state.Therefore, not only can cause the waste of energy, but also can cause the phenomenon that non-homogeneous potential field is destroyed and occur exciting ability to fail.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to overcome deficiency of the prior art and defective, a kind of solar grid-connected electricity-generation energy output maximization circuit structure is provided, make it can impel photovoltaic cell to be issued to energy output maximization to greatest extent, and then guaranteed that system's generating efficiency is issued to the highest degree with the illumination condition condition of limited in that photovoltaic cell monolithic conversion efficiency is fixing at High Power Factor.
The present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions, the present invention includes: solar battery group, some basic inversion units, be flexible coupling device and controller, these parts constitute many level tandem type inversion topological structure.Solar battery group is formed the combined plate that rated voltage is output as 48V by some independently solar panels by the serial/parallel mode that connects, solar battery group is connected to basic inversion unit, the solar cell output voltage inserts two inputs of basic inversion unit, under the triggering signal effect of controller output, four switching devices in the basic inversion unit are accepted the on/off time control of controller, make that basic inversion unit output can just exported in the time period that controller is determined, the level of zero, negative three kinds of states.The device that is flexible coupling also is made up of the electronic power switch device, under controller control, solve basic inversion unit and basic inversion unit serial/parallel annexation each other, realize the output of the ladder differential sinusoidal ac of this topological structure, so-called ladder differential sinusoidal ac promptly utilizes limited stepped-up voltage to superpose by phase shift system and produces a kind of alternating current of near sinusoidal waveform.
Described solar battery group is by 4 solar panels independently, the rated output voltage 24V of each solar panel, after it is connected in series in twos again and connect and form, and the two ends after connecing is the voltage output end head of solar battery group, therefore, the rated output voltage of solar battery group is 48V.
Described basic inversion unit constitutes bridge circuit by 4 electronic power switch devices, the opening/turn-off conducting and the deadline that triggering signal determines each power electronic device of controller, so determine basic inversion unit output output level just, zero, negative three kinds of states.
The described device that is flexible coupling is combined by power electronic device, utilize the soft switching characteristic of electronic power switch device under the control of controller, to play a part equivalent relay switch, and according to the different time periods to being connected in series between the basic inversion unit or and connecing.
Described controller is responsible for the on/off time control of the positive and negative both direction of basic inversion unit, and serial connection or and connect the control of mode between the basic inversion unit.
Adopt the device that is flexible coupling of the present invention to go so that the electric energy that is excited by light intensity all is discharged in the electrical network, simultaneously the basic inversion unit on/off time is become very simple: calculating the sinusoidal ac half cycle time according to mains frequency 50Hz is 10ms, all form basic inversion unit forward conduction and negative sense conducting simultaneously simultaneously under the control of controller of many level cascade inversion topological, just/the negative sense ON time is 10ms respectively, that is to say, behind all basic inversion unit conducting simultaneously 10ms, close forward again simultaneously, open negative sense conducting 10ms more simultaneously, so go round and begin again, circulation is more than.
The sinusoidal output of ladder differential then is to be achieved under the control of controller by the device that is flexible coupling: when first forward stepped-up voltage output, with all basic inversion units all and connect; When the stack of second stepped-up voltage arrives constantly, basic inversion unit former and that connect is divided into two groups is connected in series, realize the stepped stack of two stepped-up voltages; When the 3rd stepped-up voltage stack arrives constantly, respectively with in first, second stepped-up voltage and the basic inversion unit that connects respectively disconnect 1/3rd, and be connected in series with second stepped-up voltage again with the basic inversion unit of these two/3rd quantity and after connecing, realize the stepped stack of three stepped-up voltages; The stepped voltage output of four/one-period of sinusoidal ac appears promptly having finished to crest voltage so repeatedly; Begin the process of successively decreasing of stepped-up voltage subsequently, will be originally change successively and connect to serial connection, according to reverse sequence, change successively serial connection for and connect; When the forward conduction time reached 10ms, controller was controlled all basic inversion unit negative sense conductings, and the device that then is flexible coupling repeats to realize said process under the control of controller, therefore finished the output of the ladder differential sinusoidal ac in whole cycle.
Under said process effect of the present invention, guaranteed the maximization of above-mentioned inversion process solar cell power output all the time.Main performance index of the present invention: harmonic wave is all by filtering below (1) 17 time; (2) power factor reaches more than 96%; (3) solar cell is reached more than 98% by the electric energy delivery efficiency of light intensity conversion.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 system construction drawing of the present invention
Fig. 2 basic inversion unit circuit diagram of the present invention
The topology diagram of Fig. 3 device that is flexible coupling of the present invention
Embodiment
As shown in Figure 1, the present invention includes: solar battery group 1, basic inversion unit 2, device 3 is flexible coupling, controller 4, the solar battery group 1 of rated voltage output 48V connects basic inversion unit 2, the electric energy of solar battery group is inputed to basic inversion unit 2, the output of basic inversion unit 2 is connected with the device 3 that is flexible coupling, by the control time calculated value of device 3 that be flexible coupling according to controller 4, determine basic inversion unit 2 connected mode each other, or serial connection, or and connect, the basic inversion unit 2 of controller 4 controls just, negative sense ON time and switching thereof, and the change of controlling basic inversion unit 2 mutual serial/parallel connected mode on different time points.
As shown in Figure 2, each basic inversion unit 2 constitutes bridge circuit by 4 electronic power switch devices, when upper left, bottom right electronic power switch break-over of device, and lower-left, upper right electronic power switch device by the time, basic inversion unit 2 output positive levels; When upper left, bottom right electronic power switch device end, and when lower-left, upper right electronic power switch break-over of device, basic inversion unit 2 output negative levels; When 4 electronic power switch devices all be in by the time, basic inversion unit 2 output zero levels.
As shown in Figure 3, the device 3 that is flexible coupling constitutes a kind of topological structure by 20 electronic power switch devices, and two states is only opened and turn-offed to each electronic power switch device.
Embodiment: solar battery group 1 rated output voltage 48V has 62,1 of basic inversion units be flexible coupling device 3 and 1 controller 4.
Condition: the utensil that is flexible coupling has can realize 6 basic inversion unit 2 mutual serial/parallel any version and conversions thereof that connect.
Control strategy: electronic power switch break-over of device or end in 6 basic inversion units 2 of controller 4 control, the conduction and cut-off time is 10ms, control is flexible coupling device 3 with 6 basic inversion unit 2 mutual serial/parallel connecing, and serial/parallel to connect the State Control time definite by PWM (pulse-width modulation) control strategy.
Detailed process is as follows:
(1) inversion begins, 6 basic inversion unit 2 positive levels outputs of controller 4 controls, and the control device 3 that is flexible coupling is connected with each other with 6 basic inversion units 2,1 positive stepped-up voltage of system's output, and the opening of 20 electronic power switch devices 5～24 in the device 3 that is flexible coupling/off state is as follows:
5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
Open-minded Open-minded Turn-off Turn-off Open-minded Open-minded Turn-off Turn-off Open-minded Open-minded
15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
Turn-off Open-minded Open-minded Turn-off Open-minded Open-minded Open-minded Open-minded Open-minded Open-minded
(2) first is just superposeing when constantly arriving, the controller 4 control device 3 that is flexible coupling is divided into two groups and connect with 6 basic inversion units 2, then two groups are connected in series, 2 positive stepped-up voltages of system output, the opening of 20 electronic power switch devices 5～24 in the device 3 that is flexible coupling/off state is as follows:
5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
Open-minded Open-minded Turn-off Turn-off Open-minded Open-minded Open-minded Turn-off Open-minded Open-minded
15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
Turn-off Open-minded Open-minded Turn-off Open-minded Turn-off Open-minded Turn-off Open-minded Open-minded
(3) second just superpose when constantly arriving, controller 4 control be flexible coupling device 3 will from and two groups of basic inversion units 2 connecing respectively take out 1 basic inversion unit 2, and be connected in series basic inversion unit 2 and be connected in series with existing again after connecing, 3 positive stepped-up voltages of system output, the opening of 20 electronic power switch devices 5～24 in the device 3 that is flexible coupling/off state is as follows:
5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
Open-minded Open-minded Turn-off Open-minded Open-minded Open-minded Turn-off Turn-off Open-minded Open-minded
15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
Open-minded Open-minded Open-minded Turn-off Turn-off Open-minded Turn-off Open-minded Turn-off Turn-off
(4) the 3rd just superpose when constantly reaching, the controller 4 control device 3 that is flexible coupling is withdrawn from 1 basic inversion unit 2 and is connected in series with the 3rd group of basic inversion unit 2 from the 3rd group of serial connection, 4 positive stepped-up voltages of system output, the opening of 20 electronic power switch devices 5～24 in the device 3 that is flexible coupling/off state is as follows:
5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
Turn-off Turn-off Open-minded Open-minded Open-minded Open-minded Turn-off Turn-off Open-minded Open-minded
15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
Open-minded Open-minded Open-minded Turn-off Turn-off Open-minded Turn-off Open-minded Turn-off Turn-off
(5) the 4th just superpose when constantly reaching, the controller 4 control device 3 that is flexible coupling is withdrawn from 1 basic inversion unit 2 and is connected in series with the 4th group of basic inversion unit 2 from second group, 5 positive stepped-up voltages of system output, the opening of 20 electronic power switch devices 5～24 in the device 3 that is flexible coupling/off state is as follows:
5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
Turn-off Turn-off Open-minded Open-minded Turn-off Open-minded Turn-off Open-minded Turn-off Open-minded
15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
Open-minded Open-minded Open-minded Turn-off Turn-off Open-minded Turn-off Open-minded Turn-off Turn-off
(6) the 5th just superpose when constantly reaching, the controller 4 control device 3 that is flexible coupling is withdrawn from 1 basic inversion unit 2 and is connected in series with the 5th group of basic inversion unit 2 from first group, 6 positive stepped-up voltages of system output, the opening of 20 electronic power switch devices 5～24 in the device 3 that is flexible coupling/off state is as follows:
5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
Turn-off Turn-off Open-minded Open-minded Turn-off Open-minded Turn-off Open-minded Turn-off Open-minded
15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
Open-minded Turn-off Turn-off Open-minded Turn-off Open-minded Turn-off Open-minded Turn-off Turn-off
(7) first is just successively decreasing when constantly reaching, and the controller 4 controls device 3 that is flexible coupling disconnects the 6th group of basic inversion unit 2 and being connected in series with the 5th group of basic inversion unit 2, and again and receive first group of basic inversion unit 2, system exports 5 positive stepped-up voltages;
(8) second are just successively decreased when constantly reaching, and the controller 4 controls device 3 that is flexible coupling disconnects the 5th group of basic inversion unit 2 and being connected in series with the 4th group of basic inversion unit 2, and again and receive second group of basic inversion unit 2, system exports 4 positive stepped-up voltages;
(9) the 3rd are just successively decreased when constantly reaching, and the controller 4 controls device 3 that is flexible coupling disconnects the 4th group of basic inversion unit 2 and being connected in series with the 3rd group of basic inversion unit 2, and again and receive the 3rd group of basic inversion unit 2, system exports 3 positive stepped-up voltages;
(10) the 4th are just successively decreased when constantly reaching, controller 4 is controlled the device 3 that is flexible coupling the 3rd group of basic inversion unit 2 is connected in series with second group of basic inversion unit 2 disconnection, and be divided into two groups again respectively with second and first group basic inversion unit 2 and connect 2 positive stepped-up voltages of system's output;
(11) the 5th are just successively decreased when constantly reaching, and the controller 4 controls device 3 that is flexible coupling disconnects second group of basic inversion unit 2 and being connected in series with first group of basic inversion unit 2, and again with the basic inversion unit 2 of itself and first group and connect, system exports 1 positive stepped-up voltage;
(12) positive half cycle conducting 10ms, all basic inversion units 2 of controller 4 controls reverse, the negative stepped-up voltage of output, 1 negative stepped-up voltage of system's output;
When (13) first negative stack arrived constantly, controller 4 was controlled the device 3 that is flexible coupling 6 basic inversion units 2 is kept and connect being divided into two groups, then two groups is connected in series 2 negative stepped-up voltages of system's output;
After, controller 4 repeats same control in the process of (3)～(11) successively and removes to control the device 3 that is flexible coupling and finish same serial/parallel of 6 basic inversion units 2 and connect state and increase progressively with the negative sense of realizing the stepped-up voltage of inverter system in negative half period and successively decrease process, until negative half period conducting 10ms, controller 4 is controlled all basic inversion units 2 again and is reversed, export positive stepped-up voltage, system comes back to 1 positive stepped-up voltage of output, and inverter system enters a new complete cycle inversion process again then.
Said process realizes that intactly 6 groups of solar cells are by inversion system output ladder differential sinusoidal ac.Theory analysis, Digital Simulation and experimental study all confirm: system has eliminated that harmonic wave below 17 times, system power factor reach more than 96%, the system power conversion reaches more than 98%.
The mechanism of action of the present invention is: all basic inversion units 2 are in forward conduction or negative sense conducting state all the time in the whole process of inversion; their energy is not trapped on the cell panel all the time artificially; therefore they export the maximized while at power; realize the maximum protection of solar panel performance again, prolonged the physical life of photogenic voltage film.

Claims (4)

1, a kind of solar grid-connected electricity-generation energy output maximization circuit structure, comprise: solar battery group (1), some basic inversion units (2), device (3) and controller (4) are flexible coupling, it is characterized in that, solar battery group (1), some basic inversion units (2), many level of device (3) and controller (4) formation that is flexible coupling tandem type inversion topological structure, wherein: solar battery group (1) is formed the combined plate that rated voltage is output as 48V by solar panel, solar battery group (1) connects basic inversion unit (2), basic inversion unit (2) constitutes bridge circuit by the electronic power switch device, the output voltage of the solar battery group (1) that will be connected with basic inversion unit (2) is controlled the on/off time of electronic power switch device in the basic inversion unit (2) by controller (4), the output of basic inversion unit (2) is connected with the device that is flexible coupling (3), the device (3) that is flexible coupling determines some basic inversion units (2) connected mode each other according to the control time calculated value of controller (4), or serial connection, or and connect, controller (4) control basic inversion unit (2) just/negative sense ON time and basic inversion unit (2) just/negative sense switches, and control some basic inversion units (2) mutual serial connection or change of splice connection mode on different time points, described basic inversion unit (2) is simultaneously forward conduction and negative sense conducting simultaneously under the control of controller (4), just/and the negative sense ON time is 10ms.
2, solar grid-connected electricity-generation energy output maximization circuit structure according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described solar battery group (1) by 4 independently solar panel form, the rated output voltage 24V of each solar panel, after it is connected in series in twos again and connect, and the two ends after connecing is the voltage output end head of solar battery group, and therefore, the rated output voltage of solar battery group is 48V.
3, solar grid-connected electricity-generation energy output maximization circuit structure according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the described device that is flexible coupling (3) is formed a kind of topological structure by 20 electronic power switch devices (5～24), utilize the soft switching characteristic of electronic power switch device (5～24), under the pulse width modulation controlled policy control of controller (4), play a part noncontacting switch, and according to the different time periods to being connected in series or and connecing between the basic inversion unit (2).
4, solar grid-connected electricity-generation energy output maximization circuit structure according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described basic inversion unit (2) constitutes bridge circuit by 4 electronic power switch devices, the opening/turn-off conducting and the deadline that triggering signal determines each electronic power switch device of controller (4), so determine basic inversion unit (2) output output level just, zero, negative three kinds of states.
CNB2006100283218A 2006-06-29 2006-06-29 Solar grid-connected electricity-generation energy output maximization circuit structure Expired - Fee Related CN100553106C (en)

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2940476B1 (en) 2008-12-18 2011-02-25 Total Sa ELECTRONIC MANAGEMENT SYSTEM FOR PHOTOVOLTAIC CELLS
CN101917016B (en) * 2010-07-21 2012-10-31 北京交通大学 Energy-saving type cascade multilevel photovoltaic grid-connected generating control system
CN108803770B (en) * 2017-04-28 2020-07-14 亚洲慧宇纳米科技有限公司 Solar power supply device and equipment with optimized input and output power control

Non-Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
Multilevel Converters as a Utility Interfacefor Renewable Energy Systems. Leon M.Tolbert,Fang Z.Peng.Power Engineering Society Summer Meeting,2000,IEEE,Vol.2 . 2000
Multilevel Converters as a Utility Interfacefor Renewable Energy Systems. Leon M.Tolbert,Fang Z.Peng.Power Engineering Society Summer Meeting,2000,IEEE,Vol.2 . 2000 *
基于MCU的光伏控制系统. 计长安，张秀彬，何斌，曾国辉，周雪莲.微计算机信息，第21卷第3期. 2005
基于MCU的光伏控制系统. 计长安，张秀彬，何斌，曾国辉，周雪莲.微计算机信息，第21卷第3期. 2005 *

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