The rotating turnery head of a kind of cutter and have the lathe of this working head
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of truning fixture, relate in particular to a kind of can be simultaneously axially and the rotating turnery head of cutter of radially feed and have the lathe of this working head.
Background technology
Need be to two ends through the bar axial workpiece of processing, as turning, grooving, face work, processing such as chamfering operation, existing process equipment, no matter be machine tool, instrument lathe, Digit Control Machine Tool, it clamps an end earlier with the anchor clamps on their headstocks often at processing bar axial workpiece, the processing other end, then part is reversed end for end, an end of having processed with clamp clamps, process a still unprocessed end, just want the secondary clamping respectively, secondary operations just can be finished, labour intensity is big concerning the operator, production efficiency is low, and the secondary clamping also influences the machining accuracy of part, and also is not suitable for producing in enormous quantities.
It is that the Chinese utility model patent " workpiece state type revolving body processing machine " of ZL93225021.1 (notification number is CN2147056Y) has disclosed a kind of such structure that one patent No. is arranged, a kind of workpiece state type revolving body processing machine, formed by clamping work pieces mechanism, truning fixture, operating mechanism, shaft coupling, decelerator, motor, stand and support, it is characterized in that: a. truning fixture: comprise pattern, cutterhead and main shaft, pattern is a hollow circle tube, is arranged on the stand; Main shaft passes pattern, is with cutterhead on its section of passing; Pattern, cutterhead and main shaft three's the center of circle is on same straight line; B. cutterhead comprises: at the bottom of the cutterhead, cutterhead lid and lathe tool; Cutterhead is the disk of hollow, has groove on the plane at the bottom of the cutterhead, and lathe tool is housed in the groove, be packed in cutterhead lid at the bottom of the cutterhead by screw on; C. on another section of main shaft, be set with taper roll bearing and tighten up nut; Tighten up on the end face that nut abuts against taper roll bearing; Suit one sliding sleeve again on the periphery of taper roll bearing is provided with a chute on the top of sliding sleeve, and a tooth bar is arranged on its underpart, and sliding sleeve is arranged in the housing of operating mechanism; Anti-twist lock is housed in the hole on housing top, control crank also is housed on its downside, and is set with wheel and rack phase bridle joint on the control crank, housing is fastened on the stand.The electric machine main shaft rotation when work of this processing machine also moves axially left, the roller at knife bar top abuts against to rotate on the pattern inwall and moves, spring forces roller on the knife bar near pattern, radially forming movement depends on the pattern shape, the inwall of pattern takes the form of inclined plane, and roller is not really stable in the rolling of pattern inwall relatively, only depends on spring that the inwall that roller is pressed on pattern is seemed unstable, easily skid, so there is the not high defective of machining accuracy in above-mentioned processing machine.
It is that the Chinese utility model patent " head of long-tube or long-axle parts machine-tool for comprehensively machining " of ZL01114307.X (notification number is CN1393319Y) has disclosed a kind of head of long-tube or long-axle parts machine-tool for comprehensively machining that one patent No. is arranged again, it comprises frame, clamping device, holding device, feed screw nut's axial feed system, radial tool post, radially feeding system, swivel mount, headstock, an end that it is characterized in that frame is equipped with clamping device, the other end feed screw that is connected, the female silk of a feeding is contained in the head of screw mandrel; On screw mandrel, be with a hollow shaft that can only slide and to rotate, the housing of swivel mount passes through two place's bearing holder (housing, cover)s on hollow shaft, housing one end face of swivel mount is equipped with one or more radial tool posts of doing radial motion, links to each other with headstock by power gear, splined shaft on the other end; Install a central gear on the hollow shaft, one or more groups feed gear wheel and change gear are installed between central gear and the female silk of feeding, one or more groups feed gear and change gear are installed between the feed screw mandrel of central gear and radial tool post, every group of feeding change gear is provided with a clutch, and every group of feed change gear also is provided with a clutch.During work, when power gear makes the swivel mount rotation, feed gear wheel group and gear changing group are by the engagement of the central gear on the hollow shaft, the female silk of form drive that is the NW Gear Planet Transmission rotates on screw mandrel, thereby finish the action of the axial feed of swivel mount, thereby feed gear train and gear changing group drive the feed screw mandrel rotation (not having the planet effect this moment) of feed support by the engagement of the central gear on the hollow shaft finish radially feed, because this machining tool will rely on a plurality of gear trains to cooperate in the feed process, and the structure of gear train is relatively very complicated, the inconvenience assembling, the entire mechanism volume is big, it is many to relate to parts in the transmission process, and structure is not quite reasonable.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is that a kind of compactness rational in infrastructure, the rotating turnery head of cutter easy to assembly are provided at above-mentioned prior art present situation, the axial feed of this working head and radially feed is steady is so also have the high advantage of machining accuracy.
Another technical problem to be solved by this invention provides a kind of lathe for machining of having used the rotating turnery head of above-mentioned cutter, this lathe can make workpiece finish processing operations such as turning, grooving, face work, chamfering under a clamping job, be fit to produce in batches, improved working (machining) efficiency.
The present invention solves the problems of the technologies described above the technical scheme that is adopted: the rotating turnery head of a kind of cutter, but including the main transmission section of main shaft, cutter, tool rest, drive shaft rotation, described tool rest links to each other with main shaft also can be with main axis rotation; It is characterized in that also comprising: a feed running part, include pull bar, the pull bar activity is arranged in the main shaft, front end at pull bar is fixed with driving cam, driving shaft, driving cam and driving shaft are positioned at tool rest, the rear end of pull bar with can drive the actuator that pull bar, driving cam and driving shaft move back and forth vertically simultaneously and link to each other; One moves the tool rest parts: include movable blade pedestal, knife rest, spring, the movable blade pedestal can move axially along tool rest also can be spacing rotatably in tool rest with tool rest, knife rest can move radially along the movable blade pedestal also can be spacing rotatably on the movable blade pedestal with the movable blade pedestal, tool-holder is held on the knife rest, and spring is located on the knife rest to apply the radially reset force of a relative movable blade pedestal to knife rest; One axial feed mechanism: comprise axial swing arm, axially on the middle part rotatable support tool rest of swing arm, but what axially end in contact made driving cam behind an end of swing arm and the driving cam moves axially impeller-hub to swing arm deflection, and its other end then links to each other with the movable blade pedestal so that the deflection of axial swing arm can promote the relative tool rest of movable blade pedestal moves axially; One depth-feed mechanism: comprise radially swing arm, radially the middle part rotatable support of swing arm is on the movable blade pedestal, driving shaft is provided with and the groove that matches of swing arm radially, radially an end of swing arm be positioned at corresponding groove so that groove move axially the deflection that can drive radially swing arm, the outer face of its other end and knife rest directly or indirectly conflict so that radially the deflection of swing arm can promote the relative movable blade pedestal of knife rest and move radially.
Be can successfully the crawl toward conical surface of driving cam rear end of the end that makes axial swing arm, the rear end of above-mentioned driving cam is a conical surface, and is provided with a roller in the end of axially swing arm, and this roller contacts with the conical surface of driving cam rear end.Owing to be rolling friction between the roller and the conical surface, so can climb up the conical surface quickly.
In order to regulate the size of radial feeds, end in above-mentioned radially swing arm is equipped with half ball screw, the outer end of this hemispherical head screw pass after the radially swing arm link to each other with a nut with the hemispherical head screw lock in swing arm radially, the bulb part of hemispherical head screw directly contacts with the outer face of knife rest.Rotating nut during adjusting is regulated the distance that the hemispherical head screw stretches out radially swing arm relatively, reaching the original position of regulating radial feed, and determines the size of the amount of feeding;
Above-mentioned main transmission section is one by motor-operated a pair of synchronous pulley, and one of them belt wheel links to each other with the output shaft of motor, and another belt wheel then links to each other with main shaft by the key ways of connecting.Certainly this main transmission section can adopt existing various drive mechanism, as gear drive or the like.
The actuator of above-mentioned feed running part is the adjustable rotating hydraulic cylinder of oil mass, and wherein the piston in the rotating hydraulic cylinder is connected with pull bar in the mode that is threaded.Owing to for being threaded, so just can adjust the length that piston is connected with pull rod screw between piston and the pull bar, to determine the starting point of axial feed.Certain above-mentioned actuator also can adopt the adjustable pneumatic cylinder of tolerance.
Above-mentioned knife rest is to have two for good, it is symmetrical arranged the two ends up and down of movable blade pedestal, can improve the operating efficiency of turnery head like this, can carry out different manufacturing procedures simultaneously, certainly also be not limited to two, also a plurality of knife rests, for making axial feed more steady, described axial swing arm has two and be symmetricly set on the two ends of tool rest, certainly also be not limited to two axial swing arms, for making radially feed more steady, described radially swing arm has two and be symmetricly set on the two ends of movable blade pedestal, also is not limited to two radially swing arms certainly.
The structure that spring is arranged on the knife rest is: have radially a chamber on knife rest, spring is contained in the chamber of knife rest, and the upper end of spring withstands on the roof of chamber, and the other end is supported in the tool rest cover
Be can both successfully the crawl toward conical surface of driving cam rear end of the end that makes two axial swing arms, the end of two above-mentioned axial swing arms is equipped with a roller, and roller contacts with the conical surface of driving cam rear end.
The spacing structure on the movable blade pedestal of above-mentioned knife rest is: be provided with a dovetail groove on the movable blade pedestal, the rear end of knife rest has one and the slipping part that matches of dovetail groove, and this slipping part can be at the dovetail groove internal diameter of movable blade pedestal to moving back and forth.Adopting dovetail groove is that a kind of fairly simple routine can be with the spacing position limiting structure on the movable blade pedestal of knife rest, and knife rest can move radially along the movable blade pedestal.
A kind of lathe with aforementioned working head, include two rotating turnery heads of cutter, it is characterized in that also including frame, described two the rotating turnery head of cutter directions relatively and be spaced apart and arranged in the frame two ends, the rotating turnery head of cutter is fixed on the frame with supporting base, and described motor is fixed on the top of supporting base.Workpiece is fixed between two rotating turnery heads of cutter, so only need carries out No. one time clamping, the working head on both sides just can carry out processing operations such as turning, grooving, face work, chamfering simultaneously to the two ends of workpiece.
Also including can be with the securing anchor clamps of workpiece to be processed, and these anchor clamps are arranged on the middle part of frame, and between two cutter revolution turning heads.It also can adopt existing nipper.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the advantages that: this turnery head, drives and the joining main shaft of synchronous pulley, tool rest, knife rest and the rotation of movable blade pedestal under a pair of synchronous pulley drives at motor, makes cutter turn round and obtain the power of cutting; Pull bar drives driving cam, driving shaft also moves back and forth, control lever shaft is to swing arm and the radially swing of swing arm respectively, and then handle knife rest and do axially moving back and forth of relative tool rest, reach radially moving back and forth of the relative movable blade pedestal of knife rest, axially swing arm is relative with the structure of radially swing arm simple, and accurately control knife rest axial feed and radial feed amplitude by the amplitude of fluctuation of axial swing arm and radially swing arm, need not complicated gear transmission structure, so its compactness rational in infrastructure.
Second embodiment of the present invention has the lathe of aforementioned working head, so only need carry out No. one time clamping, and the working head on both sides just can carry out processing operations such as turning, grooving, face work, chamfering simultaneously to the two ends of workpiece.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation (being in the processing initial state) of the rotating turnery head of cutter of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the structural representation (being in machining state) of the rotating turnery head of cutter of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is that the A of Fig. 1 is to schematic diagram;
Fig. 4 is that the B-B of Fig. 3 is to cutaway view;
Fig. 5 is workpiece schematic diagram in the rotating turnery head of cutter of the present invention;
Fig. 6 is the application of the rotating turnery head of cutter of the present invention on lathe.
The figure number explanation: 1 is main shaft, 2 is cutter, 3 is tool rest, 31 is the tool rest cover, 4 is pull bar, 5 is driving cam, 51 is the conical surface, 6 is driving shaft, 61 is groove, 7 is the rotating hydraulic cylinder, 71 is piston, 8 is the movable blade pedestal, 81 dovetail grooves, 82 is kidney slot, 9 is knife rest, 91 is slipping part, 10 is spring, 11 is axial swing arm, 12 is bearing pin, 13 radially swing arms, 14 is roller, 15 is the hemispherical head screw, 16 is nut, 17 is motor, 18 is belt wheel, 19 is frame, 20 is supporting base, 21 is anchor clamps, 22 is screw, 23 is flat key, 24 is to be with synchronously, 25 is mandrel, 26 is workpiece, 27 is bearing, 28 is mandrel.
The specific embodiment
Embodiment describes in further detail the present invention below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
Shown in Fig. 1~4, the rotating turnery head of a kind of cutter, include main shaft 1, cutter 2, tool rest 3, tool rest cover 31, wherein main shaft 1 is installed in the supporting base 20 by bearing 27, and supporting base 20 rotations relatively, described tool rest 3 links to each other by screw 22 with main shaft 1 and can be with main shaft 1 rotation, and tool rest cover 31 lids are located at the front end of tool rest 3;
Also include:
But the main transmission section of a drive shaft 1 rotation, main transmission section is an a pair of synchronous pulley 18 by motor 17 drives, one of them belt wheel 18 links to each other with the output shaft of motor 17,18 of another belt wheels pass through flat key 23 and link to each other with main shaft 1, between above-mentioned two belt wheels 18 by being with 24 to link to each other synchronously, motor 17 drives through synchronous pulley 18 and can drive and synchronous pulley 18 joining main shafts 1 and tool rest 3 rotations like this, makes the power of cutter 2 revolutions and acquisition cutting;
One feed running part, include pull bar 4, pull bar 4 activities are arranged in the main shaft 1, front end at pull bar 4 is fixed with driving cam 5, driving shaft 6, driving cam 5 and driving shaft 6 are positioned at tool rest 3, the rear end of pull bar 4 with can drive pull bar 4 simultaneously, driving cam 5 links to each other with the actuator that driving shaft 6 moves back and forth vertically, actuator is the adjustable rotating hydraulic cylinder 7 of oil mass, wherein the piston 71 in the rotating hydraulic cylinder 7 is connected with pull bar 4 in the mode that is threaded, by piston 71 axially moving back and forth in hydraulic cylinder 7, just can drive pull bar 4 and the driving cam 5 and the driving shaft 6 that link to each other with pull bar 4 are done axial moving back and forth;
One moves the tool rest parts: include movable blade pedestal 8, two knife rests 9, four cylindrical springs 10, movable blade pedestal 8 can move axially along tool rest 3 also can be spacing rotatably in tool rest 3 with tool rest, this position limiting structure can be spacing in tool rest 3 by the keyway connected mode, it is conventional syndeton, so on figure, do not show, knife rest 9 can move radially along movable blade pedestal 8 also can be spacing rotatably on movable blade pedestal 8 with movable blade pedestal 8, and knife rest 9 is positioned at the two ends up and down of movable blade pedestal 8, knife rest 9 spacing structures on movable blade pedestal 8 are: be provided with a dovetail groove 81 on movable blade pedestal 8, the rear end of knife rest 9 has one and the slipping part 91 that matches of dovetail groove 81, this slipping part 91 can be at dovetail groove 81 internal diameters of movable blade pedestal 8 to moving back and forth, cutter 2 is clamped on the knife rest 9, the mode that cutter 2 is clamped on the knife rest 9 can be provided with according to the processing needs, it is a routine techniques, on knife rest 9, have radially a chamber, spring 10 is contained in the chamber of knife rest 9, the upper end of spring 10 withstands on the roof of chamber, and the other end is supported in the tool rest cover 31 apply the radially reset force of a relative movable blade pedestal 8 for knife rest 9;
One axial feed mechanism: comprise two axial swing arms 11 that are symmetricly set on tool rest 3 two ends, axially the middle part of swing arm 11 is by on the mandrel 25 rotatable support tool rests 3, one end of each axial swing arm 11 is provided with a roller 14, but the conical surface 51 of this roller 14 and driving cam 5 rear ends contact make driving cam 5 move axially impeller-hub to swing arm 11 deflections, its other end then link to each other with movable blade pedestal 8 so that axially the deflection of swing arm 11 can promote movable blade pedestal 8 relative tool rests 3 and move axially, the structure that links to each other adopts and be provided with two symmetrical distributions and kidney slot radially 82 on movable blade pedestal 8, being provided with one on the other end of axially swing arm 11 matches with kidney slot 82 and bearing pin 12 that can relative kidney slot 82 radial slippage, bearing pin 12 is plugged in the mounting hole 82, and the deflection of so axial swing arm 11 can drive movable blade pedestal 8 relative tool rests 3 and axially move back and forth;
One depth-feed mechanism: comprise two radially swing arms 13 that are symmetricly set on the movable blade pedestal 8, radially mandrel 28 rotatable support are passed through on movable blade pedestal 8 in the middle part of swing arm 13, be provided with the axial and groove 61 that matches of swing arm 13 radially at the two ends up and down of driving shaft 6, radially an end of swing arm 13 be positioned at corresponding groove 61 so that groove 61 move axially the deflection that can drive radially swing arm 13, its other end is equipped with half ball screw 15, the outer end of this hemispherical head screw 15 passes radially swing arm 13 backs and links to each other so that hemispherical head screw 15 is locked in the radially swing arm 13 with a nut 16, the bulb of hemispherical head screw 15 part directly contacts with the outer face of knife rest 9, so that radially the deflection of swing arm 13 can promote knife rest 9 relative movable blade pedestals 8 and moves radially.
The course of work and the principle of the rotating turnery head of this cutter are such:
During work, motor 17 is by driving through synchronous pulley 18, can drive and synchronous pulley 18 joining main shafts 1, tool rest 3, movable blade pedestal 8, knife rest 9 rotations, make cutter 2 revolutions that are clamped on the knife rest 9 to obtain the power of cutting, and during work, be first axial feed, after axial feed finishes, follow radial feed;
Wherein, the axial feed process: rotating hydraulic cylinder 7 is started working, piston 71 on the rotating hydraulic cylinder 7 is done axial moving back and forth, the oil mass size of rotating hydraulic cylinder 7 can determine the frequency that piston 71 moves, moving axially of piston 71 drives pull bar 4, driving cam 5 axially moves back and forth together, because moving axially of driving cam 5, it forces the lower end roller 14 of axial swing arm 11 to climb up or climb down the conical surface of driving cam 5 rear ends, so axial swing arm 11 relative mandrel 25 deflections, the upper end of axial swing arm 11 then promotes movable blade pedestal 8 and axially moves back and forth, 8 drive knife rests 9 of movable blade pedestal and the cutter 2 that is clamped on the knife rest 9 axially move back and forth, to play the effect of regulating cutter 2 axial feeds;
Wherein, the radial feed process: rotating hydraulic cylinder 7 is started working, piston 71 on the rotating hydraulic cylinder 7 is done axial moving back and forth, moving axially of piston 71 drives pull bar 4, driving cam 5, driving shaft 6 axially moves back and forth together, because moving axially of driving cam 5, it forces the lower end roller 14 of axial swing arm 11 to climb up or climb down the conical surface 51 of driving cam 5 rear ends, so axial swing arm 11 relative mandrel 25 deflections, when movable blade pedestal 8 relative drive shafts 6 axially before behind the certain distance, be after axial feed finishes, radially the front side wall of groove 61 contacts on the lower end of swing arm 13 and the driving shaft 6, to drive radially swing arm 13 deflections, radially 15 on the hemispherical head screw of swing arm 13 the other end can inwardly push the elastic force that 9, two knife rests 9 of knife rest can overcome spring 10 and draws close mutually, to reach the effect of regulating cutter 2 radial feeds.
As Fig. 5, shown in 6, for having the lathe of aforementioned working head, include two rotating turnery heads of cutter, frame 19, one can be with workpiece to be processed 26 securing anchor clamps 21, described two the rotating turnery head of cutter directions relatively and be spaced apart and arranged in the frame two ends, the rotating turnery head of cutter is fixed on the frame 19 with supporting base 20, described motor 17 is fixed on the top of supporting base 20, these anchor clamps 21 are arranged on the middle part of frame 19, and between two cutter revolution turning heads, anchor clamps 21 can adopt existing various types of anchor clamps, and it mainly is the purpose that plays to workpiece 26 location.
During work, workpiece to be processed 26 is fixed on the anchor clamps 21, the two ends of workpiece 26 are near the rotating turnery head of cutter, at this moment, the rotating turnery head of cutter just can carry out processing such as turning, grooving, face work, chamfering to workpiece 26 two ends simultaneously, and cutter rotating turnery head work principle and process are in front to set forth.