CN100545684C - Optical fiber and optical interconnection system - Google Patents
Optical fiber and optical interconnection system Download PDFInfo
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- CN100545684C CN100545684C CNB200610009590XA CN200610009590A CN100545684C CN 100545684 C CN100545684 C CN 100545684C CN B200610009590X A CNB200610009590X A CN B200610009590XA CN 200610009590 A CN200610009590 A CN 200610009590A CN 100545684 C CN100545684 C CN 100545684C
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Abstract
Under 1300 nanometers, the mode field diameter of optical fiber is equal to or greater than 5.4 microns.By the light of optical fiber with single mode propagation wavelength 1250 nanometers.Under the wavelength of 1300 nanometers, during 1 millimeter of bending radius, the bending loses of optical fiber is equal to or less than the 1dB/ circle.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of optical fiber with little bending loss.
Background technology
Electricity transmission and optical interconnection are two kinds of typical methods that are used at the equipment transmission signals.
Along with the acceleration of recent central processing unit (CPU) clock frequency, the electricity transmission has because the problem that the noise that high density interconnect causes takes place forces the wave shaping technology to be applied to the electricity transmission.As a result, find that transmission is limited to 1 meter the transmission range and the transmission speed of about per second 10 gigabits (Gbps) if the electricity transmission is transmitted as the signal in the equipment.
Simultaneously, optical interconnection can be on much wide bandwidth than electricity transmission transmission signals, and use small size, low-power consumption optics to construct signal transmission system.Therefore, notice has been invested optical interconnection as the equipment room signal transmission technology.
In addition, as the optical transmission apparatus that is used for optical interconnection, notice has been invested the technology of using optical fiber.Thereby expectation is saved the space be used for storing used all opticses and is made equipment ground compact dimensions.For the optical fiber that is used for optical interconnection, flexible lead-in wire capacity and low joint loss are expected very much.
As a kind of be used for access system,
Perhaps the uncolled light source of optical-fibre channel has been invested notice the vertical cavity surface emitting laser (VCSEL) of working under the direct modulating speed of 2.5Gbps to 10Gbps.With compare such as the edge emitter laser of distributed Feedback (DFB) laser instrument, VCSEL has from substrate surface Vertical Launch laser beam, be easy to form multichannel array, work under low threshold value and the feature of the high reflectance of low energy consumption, emitting surface and the strong circular light harness shape (no lens laser device) of resisting back light characteristic (no isolator laser instrument) and being convenient to be coupled with high coupling efficiency and optical fiber.
Owing to can reduce the quantity such as the parts of isolator and lens, VCSEL becomes a kind of device that can realize that the module cost reduces.Use the GaAs/AlGaAs quantum well layer as active layer and at the VCSEL of 850nm wave band work extensively as the actual standard of short distance communication laser instrument.The example that is used for the typical optical fiber of this purpose comprises one type silicon-dioxide-substrate graded index fiber as multimode optical fiber (MMF).
MMF is characterised in that the core diameter of 10 times of sizes with the single-mode fiber (SMF) that is about large-numerical aperture.Therefore, MMF does not need very high precision to engage optics, for example, optical fiber is engaged with each other or with fiber splices in light source, this has guaranteed to engage than being easier to.
In recent years, be conceived to realize the transmission of more speed, considered to use and compared the SMF that has than low-loss and wider bandwidth with MMF.As light source, it has that (oscillation wavelength of 1300 ± 50nm) wave bands, silica-based optical fibers shows low-lossly in this bandwidth, and this VCSEL is researched and developed energetically at 1.3 μ m notice have been invested a VCSEL.
Yet, if use G.652 specified standard SMF of telecommunication standardization bureau of International Telecommunications Union (ITU-T), when it is stored in the equipment with predetermined bend radius bigger bending loses will take place.Therefore, standard SMF is difficult to use in optical interconnection system.
Because SMF has the bending loses of raising, have groove-shaped index distribution and optical fiber than the lower diffraction efficiency of the coating that provides in the coating of standard SMF part is provided and be in the news as the optical fiber of the system that is applicable to that Fiber to the home (FTTH), as Fujikura Ltd., Optics and Electronics Laboratory, Optical Process Research Section, M.IKEDA, S.MATSUO, with K.HIMENO at " Low Bending Loss Optical Fiber with Reduced Splice Loss ", Technicalreport of the Institute of Electronics Information and Communications Engineer (IECIE), described in the 0CS2003-43, OFT2003-25 (2003-8).Yet, this SMF be used for optical interconnection system still can't be satisfactory.
As mentioned above, along with optical fiber is used for optical interconnection system, produced realizing to reduce bending loses and joint loss, guaranteeing high speed optical transmission and the demand of being convenient to the optical fiber of optical interconnection system structure.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to solve the problems referred to above in the conventional art at least.
A kind of optical fiber is according to an aspect of the present invention constituted and is comprised core and around the coating of core by quartz glass.On 1300 nano wave lengths, the mode field diameter of optical fiber is equal to or greater than 5.4 microns.By the light of optical fiber with single mode propagation wavelength 1250 nano wave lengths.Under the wavelength of 1300 nanometers, during 1 millimeter of bending radius, the bending loses of optical fiber is equal to or less than the 1dB/ circle.
A kind of fibre ribbon according to a further aspect of the invention is comprising the multifiber that is arranged in parallel.Every optical fiber is made by quartz glass, and comprises core and around the coating of core.Under 1300 nano wave lengths, the mode field diameter of optical fiber is equal to or greater than 5.4 microns.By the light of optical fiber with single mode propagation wavelength 1250 nano wave lengths.Under the wavelength of 1300 nanometers, during 1 millimeter of bending radius, the bending loses of optical fiber is equal to or less than the 1dB/ circle.
A kind of optical interconnection system according to another aspect of the invention, communication band with 1.3 microns, this optical interconnection system comprise the fibre ribbon of the multifiber that wherein is arranged in parallel and the vertical cavity surface emitting laser of optical signalling to import to light of emission 1.3 micron wavebands.Every optical fiber is made by quartz glass, and comprises core and around the coating of core.Under 1300 nano wave lengths, the mode field diameter of optical fiber is equal to or greater than 5.4 microns.By the light of optical fiber with single mode propagation 1250 nano wave lengths.Under 1300 nano wave lengths, during 1 millimeter of bending radius, the bending loses of optical fiber is equal to or less than the 1dB/ circle.
Consider in conjunction with the accompanying drawings,, will above and other objects of the present invention, feature, advantage and technology and industrial meaning are better understood by reading following concrete introduction to present preferred embodiment of the present invention.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the curve map that concerns between middle bending loses of step-refraction index profile fiber (bending radius and cutoff wavelength are set to 1mm and 1300nm respectively) and the MFD;
The curve map of Fig. 2 for concerning between the optical fiber hour offset amount that engages same type and the joint loss with different MFD values;
Fig. 3 is when bending radius 5mm, a circle and life-span are 5 years, the curve map that concerns between failure rate and the coating diameter;
Fig. 4 is the synoptic diagram of the W shape index distribution of first example according to the present invention;
Fig. 5 is for when each parameter change that has according to the optical fiber of the W shape index distribution of first example, the form of characterisitic parameter (reference wavelength that is used for the value of MFD, bending loses and disperse is 1300nm);
Fig. 6 is the synoptic diagram of the W block type index distribution of second example according to the present invention;
Fig. 7 is for when each parameter change that has according to the optical fiber of the W block type index distribution of second example, the form of characterisitic parameter (reference wavelength that is used for the value of MFD, bending loses and disperse is 1300nm);
Fig. 8 is the synoptic diagram of the accurate W block type index distribution of the 3rd example according to the present invention;
Fig. 9 is for when each parameter change that has according to the optical fiber of the accurate W block type index distribution of the 3rd example, the form of characterisitic parameter (reference wavelength that is used for the value of MFD, bending loses and disperse is 1300nm);
Figure 10 is the skeleton view according to the example of the structure of optical interconnection system of the present invention;
Figure 11 is the form (reference wavelength that is used for the value of MFD, bending loses and disperse is 1300nm, and bending radius is 1mm) of characterisitic parameter when having each parameter change of the optical fiber that distributes according to the step-refraction index of comparative examples;
Figure 12 is the cross section of the small diameter fiber of the 4th example according to the present invention; And
Figure 13 is the cross section according to the small diameter fiber band that comprises 12 optical fiber of the 4th example.
Embodiment
Introduce exemplary embodiment of the present invention below with reference to accompanying drawings in detail.
Optical lead as if silica-based optical fibers being used for equipment requires optical fiber that the compactness of resilient lead to be used to store can be provided.Suppose the structure high speed interconnection system, expect that then the transmission loss of optical fiber approaches zero.That is, even with very little radius-of-curvature the optical fiber that is used for optical lead is carried out bending, the optical fiber that still requires to be used for optical interconnection does not have bending loses.If reality has adopted optical lead in equipment, the then final bending of supposition to the about 1mm radius-of-curvature of the several sections of optical fiber.Therefore, necessary bending loses tolerance is, the situation that consider when lead-in wire is set and carry out local bending during the design of the worst situation.If (note with a circle, in this instructions, wherein carry out crooked part (sweep) for calculating, use term " circle ", and wherein the state representation of fibre-optical bending 360 degree is " circle ", for example, optical fiber with sweep of four 90 degree is expressed as " fibre-optical bending one circle ", and the optical fiber with two 90 degree sweeps is expressed as " fibre-optical bending 1/2 circle ") optical fiber is carried out the bending of radius-of-curvature 1mm, and bending loses is 1dB or littler, then optical fiber shows enough good bending loses characteristic, and flexible optical lead can be provided.
Usually, for reducing the bending loses of traditional SMF, need to increase the effective refractive index of basic mode.Generally speaking, if will increase the effective refractive index of basic mode, then use the core that increases in the Refractive Index Profile o and the method for the refractive index contrast Δ between the coating.The refractive index contrast Δ is defined as:
Δ={ (n
Core-n
Coating)/n
Core} * 100[%] (1)
Wherein, n
CoreAnd n
CoatingBe respectively the refractive index of core and coating.
Fig. 1 is refractive index contrast Δ, core diameter and during as the α value of the parameter of the index distribution that is used to represent core for a change, the curve map of the analog result that concerns between the bending loses of the every circle of 1mm bending diameter under mode field diameter under the 1300nm wavelength (MFD) [μ m] and the 1300nm wavelength [dB/ circle].Cutoff wavelength is decided to be 1300nm.The α value defined of the index distribution of expression core is:
n
2(r)=n
Core 2* (1-2 * (Δ/100) * (2r/a)
α), (0＜r＜a/2) (2)
Wherein, r is along the position of radial direction apart from fiber optic hub, and n (r) is the refractive index at position r place, and " a " is the diameter of core.Obvious by Fig. 1, by increasing the refractive index contrast Δ, can reduce bending loses.In addition, even the α value changes, the relation between bending loses and the MFD can not change yet.That is, in step-refraction index distributed, the relation between bending loses and the MFD was fixed, regardless of the index distribution of first core.
On the other hand, if bending loses is littler, MFD is littler.At for example Δ=1.3% and during the step-refraction index of α=2.0 distributed, bending loses was the 0.7dB/ circle, and MFD is reduced to about 5.0 μ m.
For with the communication system in the optics interconnect fabric equipment, consider to be coupled and set up such as engaging between the optics that engages between optical fiber and the VCSEL by the space.Usually, if optical waveguide is engaged in optical fiber etc. by the space coupling, joint loss can take place.This joint loss T determines according to coupling efficiency η, and can be calculated as theoretically:
T＝-10×log(η) (3)
η＝κ×exp{-κ×[(1/w
1 2+1/w
2 2)×x
0 2/2]} (4)
κ＝4/{(w
1/w
2+w
2/w
1)
2+((λ×z/(π×w
1×w
2)
2} (5)
Wherein, w
1And w
2Be the MFD of each root optical fiber, x
0Be the light shaft offset amount between the optical fiber that is bonded together (below be called " side-play amount ") that λ represents used wavelength, and z represents the distance between the end face of two optical fiber.In these equatioies, the optical axis of supposing two optical fiber is parallel.
Fig. 2 is represented to obtain by above-mentioned equation, when the space between the optical fiber of same type engages, at the curve map that concerns between side-play amount and the joint loss under the 1300nm wavelength.Among Fig. 2, the side-play amount [μ m] when transverse axis represents that the optical fiber of same type is engaged with each other, and the joint loss [dB] of Z-axis when representing that the optical fiber of same type is engaged with each other.Suppose that the distance between the end face of the optical fiber that is bonded together is zero.Obvious by Fig. 2, if side-play amount is big more, joint loss is just big more.In addition, if the MFD of the optical fiber that engages is more little, joint loss then trends towards bigger with respect to the increase of side-play amount.Side-play amount and MFD are between optical fiber and the light source such as VCSEL, optical fiber and such as between the optical receiver of PD and the important parameter between the joint aging time between the optical fiber.Because it is about 1.0 μ m that present foozle causes the maximal value of side-play amount.Therefore, from the angle of poor design conditions, must design this loss can allow the skew of 1.0 μ m.
For example, suppose that structure has the VCSEL that is engaged with each other by optical fiber and the high-speed optical interconnection systems of PD.The light output of VCSEL is set to pact-10dB, and the minimum optical receiver sensitivity of PD is set to-16dB, considers that output is easy to reduce during hot operation.In the case, only guaranteed the light connection loss budget of about 6dB.To consider concrete optical lead form at this now.Suppose, between optical fiber and VCSEL, have an abutment, between optical fiber, have five abutments, and between optical fiber and PD, have an abutment.From the angle of poor design conditions, suppose that also there is the skew of 1.0 μ m in each junction point.If in these abutments, between VCSEL and optical fiber, there is the angular deflection amount of MFD and 3 degree of 4 μ m to 6 μ m, produced the joint loss of about 3.0dB altogether.Therefore, the joint loss that the permission between optical fiber and the optical fiber must be set is for being equal to or less than 3dB, and promptly the joint loss at each abutment is equal to or less than 0.6dB.In order to satisfy this condition, it is 5.4 μ m that the MFD minimum must be set.At bending loses and have under the situation that the step-refraction index of the MFD of 1.3% Δ, 0.2 α, about 5.0 μ m distributes, produce the joint loss that is up to 0.7dB at each abutment thus with reduction.Therefore, total about 3.5dB of joint loss, so that be difficult to construct high-speed optical interconnection systems.
In the design of aforesaid Refractive Index Profile o, if the refractive index contrast Δ is set at enough greatly to reduce bending loses, then MFD reduces and joint loss increases.That is, between bending loses and joint loss, there is the balance relation.In addition, as shown in Figure 1, in step-refraction index distributed, even change the index distribution of first core, the balance relation can not improved yet.
Index distribution according to the core of the optical fiber of present embodiment is the W shape index distribution of double-layer structure, the W block type index distribution or the accurate W shape index distribution of three-decker.In addition, optimize the structural parameters that distribute.Improve the balance relation between bending loses and the joint loss thus.
That is, for step-refraction index distribution SMF, if change core diameter and determine cutoff wavelength, the optical fiber with similar MFD shows similar bending loses, depends on the shape of core hardly.Thereby for having the sagging layer that is arranged on the first core periphery W shape profile fiber as second core, MFD can change under bending loses identical with the step-refraction index profile fiber and identical cutoff wavelength.By the layer that sink is provided, cutoff wavelength can not move and needn't reduce the diameter of core to long wavelength's direction, even change the refractive index contrast (Δ) of central core.If the layer that sink is set as second core, the pole of figure earth effect of first core MFD.If the α value of index distribution of performance first core is more little, the light restriction effect is just more little and MFD is just big more.MFD can not influenced sensitively by the size and the width of the refractive index contrast Δ of sagging layer.
If in equipment, adopt optical lead, require storing fiber optic compactly.In addition, consider, because the various piece beyond the bending of the bending radius 1mm of flecition in equipment of the bending radius of bending that the bending of lead-in wire causes and 5mm with small curvature radius.Thereby to experience release stress such as thermal treatment to its part with bending of 1mm bending radius.Yet, its various piece of bending with bending radius of about 5mm is not experienced such processing.As a result, as if the part to the bending that has about 5mm bending radius in the optical fiber, carry out the bending of small curvature radius, optical fiber may be owing to breaking in the compressive stress of bending region generating.Therefore, must reduce the crooked failure rate that causes.
Bending loses is according to bending radius and difference.Therefore, if bending radius increases to 5mm from 1mm, bending loses reduces with double-digit approximately value.Even for the optical fiber of the bending loses that has 1 0dB/ circle under the 1mm bending radius, its bending loses is improved as about 0.1dB/ circle under the 5mm bending radius.Bending loses is the condition of 1dB/ circle under the 1mm bending radius as long as optical fiber satisfies, even the bending of the bending radius of about 5mm when being arranged on lead-in wire on the optical fiber, the loss change also drops in the scope of error.
Generally speaking, if the coating diameter is big more, the stress that produces when fibre-optical bending is just big more, and failure rate is just high more.If optical interconnection system uses optical fiber to construct, for example, the pinnacle has the bending of a bending radius r and the corresponding circle of about 5mm to optical fiber.Relation between coating diameter and the optical fiber hazard that obtains by simulation as shown in Figure 3.
Fig. 3 be bending radius 5mm, one the circle and 5 year life-span under, the curve map of the relation between failure rate and the coating diameter.The Z-axis of image is represented failure rate [%], and its transverse axis is represented coating diameter [μ m].In this simulation, endurance level is 1.5%, and the endurance ratio of optical fiber is 18, and life of product is in 5 years.If optical fiber has the coating diameter of 125 μ m, its failure rate reached 100% in 5 years, made to be difficult to tectonic system.Yet under the coating diameter of 90 μ m, the failure rate of optical fiber is 0.9%, so it can be reduced to about 0.3% of optical fiber under the coating diameter of 125 μ m.Failure rate is preferably in 1.0% when system design.For ordinary optic fibre, reduce because the requirement of the failure rate of the crooked fault that causes is so not strict, because its minimum bending radius mainly is to be determined by its macrobending loss value.Yet for can be with the optical interconnection of minor diameter bending, the effect of failure rate that reduces to be twined by minor diameter the fault that causes be but very big.
Simultaneously, consider that the coating that size reaches about ten times the SMF of MFD can influence transmission loss.Therefore, think the coating diameter that has at least 55 μ m according to the optical fiber needs with 5.4 μ m or bigger MFD of present embodiment.
That is, have the coating diameter that is reduced to 55 μ m to 90 μ m, can reduce the failure rate when applying bending stress thus and can improve the elasticity of lead-in wire according to the optical fiber of this embodiment.
Calculate having W shape index distribution, constitute and have the characteristic of the optical fiber of 80 μ m coating diameters by quartz glass as shown in Figure 4 by simulating.Optical fiber in this example comprises that (diameter is a) and around first core 11 and mixes second core 12 (diameter is b) of fluorine for first core 11 that is positioned at fiber optic hub and mixes germanium.In addition, this optical fiber comprises the coating 15 that centers on second core 12 and be made of pure silicon dioxide.In this manual, " pure silicon dioxide " is defined as the pure quartz glass of the adulterant of the control refractive index of not mixing.
Fig. 5 is for a change as the form of the analog result of each parameter of the optical fiber of having of optical fiber A1 to A12 W shape index distribution shown in Figure 4.
Refractive index contrast Δ 1 and Δ 2 are first core 11 and second core 12 refractive index contrast with respect to coating 15, and are expressed as:
Δ1＝{(n
c1-n
c)/n
c}×100[％] (6)
Δ2＝{(n
c2-n
c)/n
c}×100[％] (7)
Wherein, n
C1Be the largest refractive index of first core 11 (ground floor), n
C2Be the minimum refractive index of second core 12, n
cRefractive index for coating 15.
In W shape index distribution, suppose that the diameter a of first core 11 wherein equals the diameter of the borderline coating 15 between first core 11 and second core 12 in this refractive index of locating first core 11 for diameter somewhere.In addition, the diameter b of second core 12 for somewhere diameter wherein the refractive index contrast of this place's second core 12 equal half of borderline refractive index contrast Δ 2 between second core 12 and the coating 15.
In optical fiber A and A1 to A12 shown in Figure 5, those have 5.4 μ m or bigger MDF under the wavelength of 1300nm, that have 1dB/ circle or littler bending loses under with the wavelength of single mode at 1250nm under propagates light and the bending radius at 1mm is optical fiber A2, A3, A5 and A7 to A12.Therefore, the result is obvious by these analog computations, to make the refractive index contrast (Δ 1) of the core 11 of winning be 0.8% or bigger if structure has optical fiber that W shape shown in Figure 4 distributes, the α value is equal to or greater than 1.5, and the refractive index contrast of second core 12 (Δ 2) is-0.2% or littler, can obtain to have desired characteristic according to optical fiber of the present invention.
In this manual, cutoff wavelength is assumed to the G.650.1 fiber cut off wavelength λ of middle appointment of ITU-T
cIn addition, not specifically defined in this manual term corresponding to ITU-T G.650.1 in the definition and the measuring method of appointment.
Has the characteristic that the W block type distributes, constituted, had the optical fiber of 80 μ m coating diameters by quartz glass as shown in Figure 6 by simulating to calculate.Optical fiber in this example comprises that (diameter is a) and around first core 21 and mixes second core 22 (diameter is b) of fluorine for first core 21 that is positioned at fiber optic hub and mixes germanium.In addition, this optical fiber comprises around second core 22 and mixes the 3rd core 23 (diameter is c) of germanium and the coating 15 that centers on the 3rd core 23 and be made of pure silicon dioxide.Refractive index contrast Δ 3 is the 3rd core 23 with respect to the refractive index contrast of coating 15 and is expressed as:
Δ3＝{(n
c3-n
c)/n
c}×100[％] (8)
Wherein, n
C3Largest refractive index for the 3rd core 23 in the distribution of W block type.In the W block type distributed, the diameter a that supposes first core 21 was that the diameter in somewhere wherein equals borderline coating 15 between first core 21 and second core 22 in this refractive index of locating first core 21.In addition, the diameter b of second core 22 is that the diameter in somewhere wherein equals half of borderline refractive index contrast Δ 2 between second core 22 and the 3rd core 23 at this refractive index contrast of locating second core 22.The diameter c of the 3rd core 23 be the somewhere diameter wherein this refractive index contrast of locating the 3rd core 23 equal between the 3rd core 23 and coating 15 borderline refractive index contrast Δ 3 1/10th.
Fig. 7 is for a change as the form of the analog result of each parameter of the optical fiber of having of optical fiber B1 to B11 W block type index distribution shown in Figure 6.
In optical fiber B1 to B11 shown in Figure 7, those have 5.4 μ m or bigger MDF under the wavelength of 1300nm, that have 1dB/ circle or littler bending loses under with the wavelength of single mode at 1250nm under propagates light and the bending radius at 1mm is optical fiber B2, B4 and B6 to B10.Therefore, obvious by these analog results, to make the refractive index contrast (Δ 1) of the core 21 of winning be 0.8% or bigger if structure has optical fiber that W block type shown in Figure 6 distributes, the α value is equal to or greater than 1.5, the refractive index contrast of second core 22 (Δ 2) is-0.2% or littler, and the refractive index contrast of the 3rd core 23 (Δ 3) is 0.4% or littler, can obtain to have the optical fiber of desired characteristic.
Calculate the characteristic that accurate W shape distributes, constituted, had the optical fiber of 80 μ m coating diameters by quartz glass that has shown in Figure 8 by simulation.Optical fiber in this example comprises that (diameter is a) and around first core 31 and second core 32 (diameter is b) that is made of pure quartz glass for first core 31 that is positioned at fiber optic hub and mixes germanium.In addition, this optical fiber comprises around second core 32 and mixes the 3rd core 33 (diameter is c) of germanium and the coating 15 that centers on the 3rd core 33.Notice that nc3 represents the minimum refractive index of the 3rd core 33 in the accurate W shape distribution.Refractive index contrast Δ 3 is the 3rd core 33 with respect to the refractive index contrast of coating 15 and is expressed as:
Δ3＝{(n
c3-n
c)/n
c}×100[％] (8)
Wherein, n
C3The minimum refractive index of the 3rd core 33 during the W shape that is as the criterion distributes.In accurate W shape distributed, the diameter a that imagines first core 21 was that the diameter in somewhere wherein equals 1/10th of borderline refractive index contrast Δ 1 between first core 31 and second core 32 at this refractive index contrast of locating first core 31.The diameter b of second core 32 is that the somewhere diameter wherein equals half of borderline refractive index contrast Δ 3 between second core 32 and the 3rd core 33 at this refractive index contrast of locating second core 32.The diameter c of the 3rd core 33 is that the somewhere diameter wherein equals half of borderline refractive index contrast Δ 3 between the 3rd core 33 and coating 15 at this refractive index contrast of locating the 3rd core 33.
Fig. 9 is for a change as the form of the analog result of each parameter of the optical fiber of having of optical fiber C1 to C9 accurate W shape index distribution shown in Figure 9.In optical fiber C1 to C9 shown in Figure 9, those have 5.4 μ m or bigger MDF under the wavelength of 1300nm, that have 1dB/ circle or littler bending loses under with the wavelength of single mode at 1250nm under propagates light and the bending radius at 1mm is optical fiber C2, C4, C5 and C7 to C9.Therefore, obvious by these analog results, to make the refractive index contrast (Δ 1) of the core 31 of winning be 0.8% or bigger if structure has optical fiber that accurate W shape shown in Figure 9 distributes, the α value is equal to or greater than 1.5, the refractive index contrast of second core 32 (Δ 2) is 0.0% substantially, and the refractive index contrast of the 3rd core 33 (Δ 3) is-0.2% or littler, can obtain to have desired characteristic according to optical fiber of the present invention.
Although owing to because of being used to adjust for example chlorine of the adulterant that mixes beyond the refractive index purpose, the refractive index contrast of second core 32 (Δ 2) can be in the scope between-0.05% and 0.05%, and it can not cause bigger change to the light characteristic.
Compare for the optical characteristics that will have those optical fiber in optical fiber that step-refraction index distributes and first to the 3rd example, carry out the simulation of optical characteristics of the reduction of unimodal index distribution and bending loses.Simulation result is shown in Figure 11.
Optical fiber D1 has the bending loses of the 0.7dB/ circle of abundant reduction, yet its MFD is little of 5.0 μ m.The MDF of optical fiber D2 is 5.5 μ m, yet its bending loses deteriorates to the 2.3dB/ circle.These results with compare according to the characteristic of the W shape index distribution optical fiber A12 of first example (MDF is 5.5 μ m, and bending loses is the 0.3dB/ circle).As a result, show according to the optical fiber of first example and have the optical characteristics that optical fiber that step-refraction index distributes can't be realized.
If this optical fiber is used for optical interconnection, considers that optical transport medium forms multi-channel type, and set up the high speed optical communication by forming by optical fiber to bring.Usually, silica-based optical fibers has following feature.With respect to coating diameter 125 μ m, applying the back overall diameter is 250 μ m.By being arranged in parallel multifiber and the be bonded to each other spacing of the fibre ribbon that obtains of optical fiber is generally 250 μ m.For the small diameter fiber with the overall diameter that reduces, coating diameter also reduces.Therefore, can produce fibre ribbon with spacing narrower than traditional fiber band.Therefore, preferably adopt each to have the small diameter fiber that the coating diameter is 55 to 90 μ m.The fibre ribbon that uses small diameter fiber and have than thin space has higher lead-in wire elasticity and can save the storage of ground, space.Therefore, fibre ribbon is the optics that is applicable to optical interconnection.
As according to as shown in the result of calculation of first to the 3rd example, can be according to optical fiber of the present invention at 1.3 mu m wavebands with single mode transport light, and have outstanding bending loses characteristic and joint loss characteristic.Figure 10 shows use optical fiber according to the present invention as transmission medium, and uses oscillation wavelength in the VCSEL of the 1.3 mu m wavebands structure example as the configurations of light sources optical interconnection system.
Structure optical interconnection system 50 as shown in figure 10.With reference to Figure 10, thereby two printed circuit board 48a are set and 48b erects on a surface of backboard 47, a side of every block of plate is by this planar support.Two printed circuit board 48a and 48b are arranged to face with each other, and keep preset distance therebetween.The VCSEL 44 and the LSI 41 that are installed on the driver 43 are arranged on a printed circuit board 48a in the face of on the surface of another printed circuit board 48b.LSI 41 and VCSEL 44 electrically engage each other by electrical lead 42.PD 49 is arranged on another printed circuit board 48b in the face of on the surface of a printed circuit board 48a.VCSEL 44 electrically joins PD49 to by the fibre ribbon 40 that utilizes the optical fiber shown in integrated many first to the 3rd examples to obtain to the flat rubber belting.Fibre ribbon 40 is configured at first to extend along the first type surface of a printed circuit board (PCB) 48a, crooked by the first connector 46a ground that meets at right angles substantially, be stretched on the backboard 47, crooked by the second connector 46b ground that meets at right angles substantially, first type surface along another printed circuit board (PCB) 48b extends, and arrives PD 49.
By such layout optical fiber, fibre ribbon 40 has four sweep A, and each has radius-of-curvature and 1/4th circles of about 1mm.Because the bendings of optical fiber etc. are for fibre ribbon 40 provides the bending radius with about 5mm and amounts to the about one sweep (not shown) that encloses.As optical fiber 10, as shown in figure 12, use optical fiber A3, it is constructed so that the diameter of coating 15 is 80 μ m, the overall diameter of main coated with resins 52 is 105 μ m, and the overall diameter of inferior coated with resins 53 is 125 μ m.As shown in figure 13, fibre ribbon 40 utilizes coated with resins 54 coated fibers 10 by 12 optical fiber 10 that are arranged in parallel of the spacing with 125 μ m, and is bonded to each other optical fiber 10 thus and forms.
Because two factors, promptly coated with resins 52 and 53 causes loss amount to increase and makes it thinner and the saving space, and the diameter H of coating (thickness H) is set to 170 μ m.The fibre ribbon 40 of the spacing P of 125 μ m is of a size of half of traditional fiber band, and the elasticity height is stored in the equipment with can saving the space.Use ultraviolet-curing resin as coated with resins 52 and 53.
If structure small diameter fiber 10 makes that the diameter of coating 15 is 55 μ m and makes that the difference between the overall diameter of the overall diameter of coating and coating 15 is 20 μ m that then spacing P can be reduced to 75 μ m.
Finishing of fibre ribbon 40 is of a size of width W 1.55mm, thickness H0.17mm.Thereby side by being provided as joint and the VCSEL that plays the light source effect have the spacing of 125 μ m and form the array of 12 passages, can realize using the set optical junction of the fibre ribbon 20 that makes.In this structure, by VCSEL is directly modulated, the speed that realized surpasses the very high-speed optical communication of 100Gbps.
In addition, because the diameter of coating is set to 80 μ m, can reduce the failure rate that bending causes.Thus, even after the life-span in 5 years, fibre ribbon 40 also can fracture hardly.
In the 5th example, use fire-retardant UV to solidify the polyurethane acrylate resin as the UV cured resin that is used for according to the material of the coated with resins 52 of the 4th example and 53, make inhibiting tape.For example, as described below, make fire-retardant UV and solidify the polyurethane acrylate resin.Such as the halogen radical adjuvant of bromine or chlorine,,, or be added to resin such as phosphatic phosphorus compound such as the metal hydroxides of aluminium hydroxide or magnesium hydroxide such as the antimonide of antimony trioxide or triphenyl antimony.Perhaps, utilize bromine or chlorine to come halogenation to constitute the prepolymer or the acrylic monomers of UV cured resin, and add the UV cured resin of phosphorus to gained.By doing like this, the UV cured resin is converted into fire-retardant UV cured resin.Among these methods, it is effective especially for fire-retardant UV cured resin is provided to be used to add the fire-retardant method of bromo.
Provide the reason of fire-retardant UV cured resin as follows by changing composition thus: the product that the surface coverage of resin has decomposition reaction to produce; The decomposition gas that produces during burning has formed the screen layer with air; Atomic group from the halogen radical compound has stoped burning to continue; Perhaps resin forms three-dimensional resinous by cross connection.
Estimate by 60 degree gradient combustion testings, comprise that by use aluminium hydroxide solidifies the polyurethane acrylate resin as the UV cured resin that is used for optical fiber is formed band as the UV of fire retardant according to JIS C3005 standard, and the fibre ribbon that obtains.As a result, the flame of lighting on optical fiber extinguished at average about 3.2 seconds naturally, and fibre ribbon satisfies standard thus.In this example, though use fire-retardant UV cured resin, also can use the flame retardant plastics resin to replace fire-retardant UV cured resin.
In the 6th example, expectation obtains coated with resins 52 and 53 all or part of high fire resistances, and forms fire-retardant UV cured resin according to the band coated with resins 54 of the 4th example.As a result, in 60 degree gradient combustion testings of JISC3005 standard, solidifying the flame of lighting on the fibre bundle of the optical fiber that the polyurethane acrylate resin forms by using optical fiber time resin at least and containing fire-retardant UV, at average about 2.6 seconds from horizontal blanking.Thus, fibre ribbon satisfies standard.
In addition, on fibre ribbon, carry out according to the test of the vertical combustion of UL1581 standard, and flame average 5.7 seconds from horizontal blanking, find the drop of burning, fibre ribbon satisfies the UL standard.In addition, under the state of wire groove, fibre ribbon is carried out the vertical combustion test.Flame at average 7.6 seconds from horizontal blanking, and under wire groove state and banded state in two kinds of situations, fibre ribbon all shows sufficient anti-flammability, although what use in this example is fire-retardant UV cured resin, also can use the flame retardant plastics resin to replace fire-retardant UV cured resin.
According to the present invention, can obtain to realize that bending loses and joint loss both reduce and guarantee the optical fiber of high-speed light communication, thereby use this optical fiber can easily construct optical interconnection system.
Although disclose the present invention fully and clearly for specific embodiment, appended claim is not limited to this, and should be understood to include, to those skilled in the art, the interior change of content and alternative is instructed on all bases of herein setting forth that fall into fully.
Claims (21)
1. optical fiber that is made of quartz glass comprises:
Core comprises
Be positioned at first core of fiber optic hub along the longitudinal direction; And
Second core around first core; And
Coating is around core, wherein
Fibre-optic mode field diameter under 1300 nano wave lengths is equal to or greater than 5.4 microns,
By the light of optical fiber with single mode propagation wavelength 1250 nanometers,
Under the wavelength of 1300 nanometers, during 1 millimeter of bending radius, the bending loses of optical fiber is equal to or less than the 1dB/ circle,
First core is equal to or greater than 0.8% for the refractive index contrast of coating,
The α value of first core is equal to or greater than 1.5, and
Second core is equal to or less than-0.2% for the refractive index contrast of coating,
The index distribution of described α value representation first core is defined as:
n
2(r)=n
Core 2* (1-2 * (Δ/100) * (2r/a)
α), 0＜r＜a/2, wherein, r is along the position of radial direction apart from fiber optic hub, n (r) is the refractive index at position r place, n
CoreBe the refractive index of first core, Δ is a refractive index contrast, and a is the diameter of first core.
2. optical fiber according to claim 1, wherein
In the scope of the diameter of coating between 55 microns and 90 microns.
3. optical fiber according to claim 1, wherein
Optical fiber is coated with at least a coating of making in ultraviolet-curing resin and the thermoplastic resin, and
At least a portion of ultraviolet-curing resin and thermoplastic resin is fire-retardant.
4. optical fiber that is made of quartz glass comprises:
Core comprises
Be positioned at first core of fiber optic hub along the longitudinal direction; And
Second core around first core; And
Coating is around core, wherein
Fibre-optic mode field diameter under 1300 nano wave lengths is equal to or greater than 5.4 microns,
By the light of optical fiber with single mode propagation wavelength 1250 nanometers, and
Under the wavelength of 1300 nanometers, during 1 millimeter of bending radius, the bending loses of optical fiber is equal to or less than the 1dB/ circle,
Core also comprises the 3rd core around second core,
First core is equal to or greater than 0.8% for the refractive index contrast of coating,
The α value of first core is equal to or greater than 1.5,
Second core is equal to or less than-0.2% for the refractive index contrast of coating, and
The 3rd core is equal to or less than 0.4% for the refractive index contrast of coating,
The index distribution of described α value representation first core is defined as:
n
2(r)=n
Core 2* (1-2 * (Δ/100) * (2r/a)
α), 0＜r＜a/2, wherein, r is along the position of radial direction apart from fiber optic hub, n (r) is the refractive index at position r place, n
CoreBe the refractive index of first core, Δ is a refractive index contrast, and a is the diameter of first core.
5. optical fiber according to claim 4, wherein
In the scope of the diameter of coating between 55 microns and 90 microns.
6. optical fiber according to claim 4, wherein
Optical fiber is coated with at least a coating of making in ultraviolet-curing resin and the thermoplastic resin, and
At least a portion of ultraviolet-curing resin and thermoplastic resin is fire-retardant.
7. optical fiber that is made of quartz glass comprises:
Core comprises
Be positioned at first core of fiber optic hub along the longitudinal direction; And
Second core around first core; And
Coating is around core, wherein
Fibre-optic mode field diameter under 1300 nano wave lengths is equal to or greater than 5.4 microns,
By the light of optical fiber with single mode propagation wavelength 1250 nanometers, and
Under the wavelength of 1300 nanometers, during 1 millimeter of bending radius, the bending loses of optical fiber is equal to or less than the 1dB/ circle,
Core also comprises the 3rd core around second core,
First core is equal to or greater than 0.8% for the refractive index contrast of coating,
The α value of first core is equal to or greater than 1.5,
Second core is equal to or greater than-0.05% and be equal to or less than 0.05% for the refractive index contrast of coating, and
The 3rd core is equal to or less than-0.2% for the refractive index contrast of coating,
The index distribution of described α value representation first core is defined as:
n
2(r)=n
Core 2* (1-2 * (Δ/100) * (2r/a)
α), 0＜r＜a/2, wherein, r is along the position of radial direction apart from fiber optic hub, n (r) is the refractive index at position r place, n
CoreBe the refractive index of first core, Δ is a refractive index contrast, and a is the diameter of first core.
8. optical fiber according to claim 7, wherein
In the scope of the diameter of coating between 55 microns and 90 microns.
9. optical fiber according to claim 7, wherein
Optical fiber is coated with at least a coating of making in ultraviolet-curing resin and the thermoplastic resin, and
At least a portion of ultraviolet-curing resin and thermoplastic resin is fire-retardant.
10. fibre ribbon, the multifiber that wherein has been arranged in parallel, wherein
Every optical fiber is made by quartz glass, and comprises
Core comprises
Be positioned at first core of fiber optic hub along the longitudinal direction; And
Second core around first core; And
Coating is around core, wherein
Fibre-optic mode field diameter under 1300 nano wave lengths is equal to or greater than 5.4 microns,
By the light of optical fiber with single mode propagation wavelength 1250 nanometers,
Under the wavelength of 1300 nanometers, during 1 millimeter of bending radius, the bending loses of optical fiber is equal to or less than the 1dB/ circle,
First core is equal to or greater than 0.8% for the refractive index contrast of coating,
The α value of first core is equal to or greater than 1.5, and
Second core is equal to or less than-0.2% for the refractive index contrast of coating,
The index distribution of described α value representation first core is defined as:
n
2(r)=n
Core 2* (1-2 * (Δ/100) * (2r/a)
α), 0＜r＜a/2, wherein, r is along the position of radial direction apart from fiber optic hub, n (r) is the refractive index at position r place, n
CoreBe the refractive index of first core, Δ is a refractive index contrast, and a is the diameter of first core.
11. according to the fibre ribbon of claim 10, wherein
Fibre ribbon comprises by at least a band coating of making in fire-retardant ultraviolet-curing resin and the fire-retardant thermoplastic resin.
12. a fibre ribbon, the multifiber that wherein has been arranged in parallel, wherein
Every optical fiber is made by quartz glass, and comprises
Core comprises
Be positioned at first core of fiber optic hub along the longitudinal direction; And
Second core around first core; And
Coating, around core,
Fibre-optic mode field diameter under 1300 nano wave lengths is equal to or greater than 5.4 microns,
By the light of optical fiber with single mode propagation wavelength 1250 nanometers, and
Under the wavelength of 1300 nanometers, during 1 millimeter of bending radius, the bending loses of optical fiber is equal to or less than the 1dB/ circle,
Core also comprises the 3rd core around second core,
First core is equal to or greater than 0.8% for the refractive index contrast of coating,
The α value of first core is equal to or greater than 1.5,
Second core is equal to or less than-0.2% for the refractive index contrast of coating, and
The 3rd core is equal to or less than 0.4% for the refractive index contrast of coating,
The index distribution of described α value representation first core is defined as:
n
2(r)=n
Core 2* (1-2 * (Δ/100) * (2r/a)
α), 0＜r＜a/2, wherein, r is along the position of radial direction apart from fiber optic hub, n (r) is the refractive index at position r place, n
CoreBe the refractive index of first core, Δ is a refractive index contrast, and a is the diameter of first core.
13. according to the fibre ribbon of claim 12, wherein
Fibre ribbon comprises by at least a band coating of making in fire-retardant ultraviolet-curing resin and the fire-retardant thermoplastic resin.
14. a fibre ribbon, the multifiber that wherein has been arranged in parallel, wherein
Every optical fiber is made by quartz glass, and comprises
Core comprises
Be positioned at first core of fiber optic hub along the longitudinal direction; And
Second core around first core; And
Coating, around core,
Fibre-optic mode field diameter under 1300 nano wave lengths is equal to or greater than 5.4 microns,
By the light of optical fiber with single mode propagation wavelength 1250 nanometers, and
Under the wavelength of 1300 nanometers, during 1 millimeter of bending radius, the bending loses of optical fiber is equal to or less than the 1dB/ circle,
Core also comprises the 3rd core around second core,
First core is equal to or greater than 0.8% for the refractive index contrast of coating,
The α value of first core is equal to or greater than 1.5,
Second core is equal to or greater than-0.05% and be equal to or less than 0.05% for the refractive index contrast of coating, and
The 3rd core is equal to or less than-0.2% for the refractive index contrast of coating,
The index distribution of described α value representation first core is defined as:
n
2(r)=n
Core 2* (1-2 * (Δ/100) * (2r/a)
α), 0＜r＜a/2, wherein, r is along the position of radial direction apart from fiber optic hub, n (r) is the refractive index at position r place, n
CoreBe the refractive index of first core, Δ is a refractive index contrast, and a is the diameter of first core.
15. according to the fibre ribbon of claim 14, wherein
Fibre ribbon comprises by at least a band coating of making in fire-retardant ultraviolet-curing resin and the fire-retardant thermoplastic resin.
16. an optical interconnection system has 1.3 microns communication band, this optical interconnection system comprises:
Optical fiber; And
Vertical cavity surface emitting laser, its optical signalling of launching 1.3 micron wavebands is to be input in the optical fiber, wherein
Optical fiber is made by quartz glass, and comprises
Core comprises
Be positioned at first core of fiber optic hub along the longitudinal direction; And
Second core around first core; And
Coating, around core,
Fibre-optic mode field diameter under 1300 nano wave lengths is equal to or greater than 5.4 microns,
By the light of optical fiber with single mode propagation wavelength 1250 nanometers, and
Under the wavelength of 1300 nanometers, during 1 millimeter of bending radius, the bending loses of optical fiber is equal to or less than the 1dB/ circle,
First core is equal to or greater than 0.8% for the refractive index contrast of coating,
The α value of first core is equal to or greater than 1.5, and
Second core is equal to or less than-0.2% for the refractive index contrast of coating,
The index distribution of described α value representation first core is defined as:
n
2(r)=n
Core 2* (1-2 * (Δ/100) * (2r/a)
α), 0＜r＜a/2, wherein, r is along the position of radial direction apart from fiber optic hub, n (r) is the refractive index at position r place, n
CoreBe the refractive index of first core, Δ is a refractive index contrast, and a is the diameter of first core.。
17. according to the optical interconnection system of claim 16, wherein
Optical fiber forms the fibre ribbon that multifiber wherein is arranged in parallel.
18. an optical interconnection system has 1.3 microns communication band, this optical interconnection system comprises:
Optical fiber; And
Vertical cavity surface emitting laser, its optical signalling of launching 1.3 micron wavebands is to be input in the optical fiber, wherein
Optical fiber is made by quartz glass, and comprises
Core comprises
Be positioned at first core of fiber optic hub along the longitudinal direction; And
Second core around first core; And
Coating, around core,
Fibre-optic mode field diameter under 1300 nano wave lengths is equal to or greater than 5.4 microns,
By the light of optical fiber with single mode propagation wavelength 1250 nanometers, and
Under the wavelength of 1300 nanometers, during 1 millimeter of bending radius, the bending loses of optical fiber is equal to or less than the 1dB/ circle,
Core also comprises the 3rd core around second core,
First core is equal to or greater than 0.8% for the refractive index contrast of coating,
The α value of first core is equal to or greater than 1.5,
Second core is equal to or less than-0.2% for the refractive index contrast of coating, and
The 3rd core is equal to or less than 0.4% for the refractive index contrast of coating,
The index distribution of described α value representation first core is defined as:
n
2(r)=n
Core 2* (1-2 * (Δ/100) * (2r/a)
α), 0＜r＜a/2, wherein, r is along the position of radial direction apart from fiber optic hub, n (r) is the refractive index at position r place, n
CoreBe the refractive index of first core, Δ is a refractive index contrast, and a is the diameter of first core.
19. according to the optical interconnection system of claim 18, wherein
Optical fiber forms the fibre ribbon that multifiber wherein is arranged in parallel.
20. an optical interconnection system has 1.3 microns communication band, this optical interconnection system comprises:
Optical fiber; And
Vertical cavity surface emitting laser, its optical signalling of launching 1.3 micron wavebands is to be input in the optical fiber, wherein
Optical fiber is made by quartz glass, and comprises
Core comprises
Be positioned at first core of fiber optic hub along the longitudinal direction; And
Second core around first core; And
Coating, around core,
Fibre-optic mode field diameter under 1300 nano wave lengths is equal to or greater than 5.4 microns,
By the light of optical fiber with single mode propagation wavelength 1250 nanometers, and
Under the wavelength of 1300 nanometers, during 1 millimeter of bending radius, the bending loses of optical fiber is equal to or less than the 1dB/ circle,
Core also comprises the 3rd core around second core,
First core is equal to or greater than 0.8% for the refractive index contrast of coating,
The α value of first core is equal to or greater than 1.5,
Second core is equal to or greater than-0.05% and be equal to or less than 0.05% for the refractive index contrast of coating, and
The 3rd core is equal to or less than-0.2% for the refractive index contrast of coating,
The index distribution of described α value representation first core is defined as:
n
2(r)=n
Core 2* (1-2 * (Δ/100) * (2r/a)
α), 0＜r＜a/2, wherein, r is along the position of radial direction apart from fiber optic hub, n (r) is the refractive index at position r place, n
CoreBe the refractive index of first core, Δ is a refractive index contrast, and a is the diameter of first core.
21. according to the optical interconnection system of claim 20, wherein
Optical fiber forms the fibre ribbon that multifiber wherein is arranged in parallel.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2005056541 | 2005-03-01 | ||
| JP056541/05 | 2005-03-01 | ||
| JP190124/05 | 2005-06-29 |
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| CN1828347A CN1828347A (en) | 2006-09-06 |
| CN100545684C true CN100545684C (en) | 2009-09-30 |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105137536A (en) * | 2015-09-18 | 2015-12-09 | 长飞光纤光缆股份有限公司 | Single-mode fiber |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2008058663A (en) * | 2006-08-31 | 2008-03-13 | Furukawa Electric Co Ltd:The | Optical fiber, optical fiber ribbon, and optical interconnection system |
| US8768131B2 (en) * | 2008-08-13 | 2014-07-01 | Corning Incorporated | Multimode fiber with at least dual cladding |
| CN108698907B (en) * | 2015-12-22 | 2021-04-30 | 康宁股份有限公司 | Bromine-doped silica glass optical fiber and preparation method thereof |
| TWI672919B (en) * | 2018-07-31 | 2019-09-21 | 中華電信股份有限公司 | Multiple wavelengths optical power measuring device and method thereof |
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2006
- 2006-02-24 CN CNB200610009590XA patent/CN100545684C/en active Active
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105137536A (en) * | 2015-09-18 | 2015-12-09 | 长飞光纤光缆股份有限公司 | Single-mode fiber |
| CN105137536B (en) * | 2015-09-18 | 2018-07-03 | 长飞光纤光缆股份有限公司 | A kind of single mode optical fiber |
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