CN100539712C - The method of measurement of brightness and color difference signal time difference - Google Patents
The method of measurement of brightness and color difference signal time difference Download PDFInfo
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- CN100539712C CN100539712C CNB2007100642836A CN200710064283A CN100539712C CN 100539712 C CN100539712 C CN 100539712C CN B2007100642836 A CNB2007100642836 A CN B2007100642836A CN 200710064283 A CN200710064283 A CN 200710064283A CN 100539712 C CN100539712 C CN 100539712C
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Abstract
The present invention relates to brightness and color difference signal time difference test signal and method of measurement thereof, belong to the detection technique field of audio-video signal.This test signal is to be used to show the brightness of equipment under test and the figure of color difference signal time difference, it is characterized in that, this figure is divided into the four measuring district, wherein each district is vertical tone striped and the corresponding time difference scale of this tone striped that the cycle of formation changes after brightness cosine signal and the stack of colourity cosine signal, and the trough of the tone variations of this tone striped or crest location are measurement result with respect to the side-play amount of zero point of scale; Two time differences that the district is used for measuring (B-Y) signal and Y-signal in this four measuring district, two time differences that the district is used for measuring (R-Y) signal and Y-signal in addition.The present invention has Y/C timing signal method simultaneously and than the advantage of bowknot Waveform Method, has also simplified the operation of measuring, and the influence of having avoided external equipment to cause has improved the correctness of measuring.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the detection technique field of audio-video signal, particularly the test signal of brightness and color difference signal time difference and method of measurement thereof in the vitascan.
Background technology
In the vitascan, the collection of colour TV picture and reduction are based on the red, green, blue principle of three primary colours.Three signal paths of three signal demands, i.e. three passages.For saving the transmittability (bandwidth, code check) of passage, by specific rule, convert tristimulus signals to represent brightness Y-signal and represent (R-Y) of colourity and (B-Y) two color difference signals, though need three passages equally, can distribute less transmittability just to reach for the aberration passage and transmit the same image effect of primary colour signal.Make three channel transfers since signal divides,, still,,, not necessarily leave simultaneously at three signals of output owing to a variety of causes even three signals of input arrive simultaneously to a certain section of passage no matter to whole passage.The asynchronism of YUV can be transferred on the three primary colors in the process of inverse transformation, causes reproduced image left and right sides color fringing.This deterioration, the technical time difference with YUV is measured.For guaranteeing the reproduced image quality, (R-Y) signal to Y-signal and (B-Y) signal must be limited within certain tolerance limit time difference of Y-signal.
The method of measurement of existing brightness and carrier chrominance signal time difference has penalty method, and (" color TV performance measurement principle and method ", An Yongcheng, Qiu Chunan etc. writes, Electronic Industry Press, in May, 1991, p138.), Y/C timing signal method and color bar signal method (GB/T 17309.1-1998 " TV-set broadcasting receiver method of measurement ", 6.2.6 money) and the bowknot Waveform Method (" video measuring technology ", Chen Shanyi writes, Chinese radio and television publishing house, in March, 1997, p112) wait several.Above-mentioned the whole bag of tricks is at standard definition television design, the open report of the relevant high definition TV of Shang Weijian (HDTV) light tone measurement method for time difference.
In the said method, Y/C timing signal method and bowknot Waveform Method and relation of the present invention are comparatively close, are described as follows:
Y/C timing signal method: this method is that tester provides a television image signal that can generate special pattern, this signal is added to the input of television set to be measured, will reproduce special pattern with different levels of precisions on the screen of TV set, according to rendering graphical and the nuance of pressing the design ideal rendering graphical, just can determine television set light tone time extent to be measured.The desirable figure of this method design as shown in Figure 1, full frame is 8 purples 1 linking up up and down, green 2 alternate vittas (among the figure 1 with 2 respectively with the purple and blue different colours of different gray scales signals) from left to right, but the middle part of each vitta by fast black base at the bottom of on 37 pulse bright line 401-407 cover.Wherein bright line 404 just in time with vitta line of demarcation consistency from top to bottom (dislocation is 0), all the other 6 bright lines align up and down substantially with corresponding vitta line of demarcation, but the dislocation that varies in size is arranged slightly.These dislocations are converted to the time, from left to right the sequence of formation-300 ,-200 ,-100,0,100,200,300 (ns).If the television set light tone time difference to be measured is 0, then the figure of screen display will correctly reproduce 7 bright lines and 7 marginal relative dislocations of vitta, promptly bright line 404 just in time with vitta line of demarcation consistency from top to bottom, other bright line all staggers with corresponding vitta line of demarcation.If the desirable figure of rendering graphical and design is inconsistent, for example left number second bright line 402 coincides with the vitta line of demarcation, and all the other do not coincide, and luminance signal postpones 200ns than color difference signal so; For example right again number article one bright line 407 coincides, and luminance signal shifts to an earlier date 300ns than color difference signal, and so on.As if the number that increases bright line and alternate vitta in the method can improve certainty of measurement, in fact instead can't judge which bar bright line and vitta line of demarcation consistency from top to bottom and can't reading.Precision is low to be the unsurmountable shortcoming of this method, and another shortcoming is can not distinguish (R-Y) and (B-Y) to the size separately of Y time difference, be only applicable to the two-channel system that Y/C separates.Yet simple and convenient, it is its outstanding advantage that measurement result can directly be read by display graphics.
The bowknot Waveform Method: this method of measurement is proposed by Imtech, and the special test equipment that cooperates them to produce uses.Test signal also is a particular design, and Y-signal is the sine wave of 500kHz, also inserts the signal of graduation mark correspondence simultaneously, and R-Y and B-Y are the sine wave of 502kHz.This signal is added to the input of television set to be measured, the two-way input that the Y-signal of television set output to be measured and color difference signal R-Y (or B-Y) connect dual trace oscilloscope respectively, dual trace oscilloscope works in the pattern (sine wave that promptly shows two kinds of signals subtracts each other) of subtracting each other, the correct parameter of adjusting dual trace oscilloscope, it will show waveform as shown in Figure 2.This waveform presents a high frequency ac signal, and its amplitude from left to right reduces gradually up to 0, increases gradually again then, and whole waveform is just as two wings 22 of butterfly, and this method is also gained the name therefrom.It below the butterfly waveform equally spaced graduation mark 21.If the television set light tone time difference to be measured is 0,0 of butterfly waveform 22 aligns with central authorities' one line of scale 21, otherwise 0 relatively about skew.The interval of two graduation marks is equivalent to 20ns, and measuring range is ± 100ns.Can read the corresponding light tone time difference by the size of skew.But this method continuous-reading, and can measure time difference of two color difference signals and Y-signal respectively, certainty of measurement can reach 10ns.But measuring equipment costs an arm and a leg, and it is very not convenient to use, and can not be suitable for HDTV.
Above-mentioned various test signal is general all to be produced by specific television test signal generator.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is the weak point that overcomes prior art, a kind of brightness and color difference signal time difference test signal and method of measurement thereof are proposed, adopt the test signal of the present invention's design, it had both had the advantage that Y/C timing signal method measurement result can directly be read by display graphics, have again than the also high advantage of bowknot Waveform Method certainty of measurement, simplified the operation of measuring simultaneously, also because the influence of having avoided external equipment to cause has improved the correctness of measuring.
A kind of brightness and color difference signal time difference test signal that the present invention proposes, this test signal is to be used to show the brightness of equipment under test and the figure of color difference signal time difference, it is characterized in that, this figure is divided into the four measuring district, wherein each district is vertical tone striped and the corresponding time difference scale of this tone striped that the cycle of formation changes after brightness cosine signal and the stack of colourity cosine signal, and the trough of the tone variations of this tone striped or crest location are measurement result with respect to the side-play amount of zero point of scale; Two time differences that the district is used for measuring (B-Y) signal and Y-signal in this four measuring district, two time differences that the district is used for measuring (R-Y) signal and Y-signal in addition.
In two test sections of described each light tone time difference, one is the bigness scale district, and another is the accurate measurement district; The measurement result in this bigness scale district is used to the accurate measurement district to select correct reading coordinate, and this measurement result reading in the gamut scope is unique; This accurate measurement district is used for determining The ultimate results, but the reading correspondence a plurality of reading coordinates in the gamut scope, is not exclusive, and the result by bigness scale selectes one of them, and (two test section functions are replenished mutually, make and to reach high precision again by the existing wide range of the present invention).
Described bigness scale district aberration (B-Y) and (B-Y) the frequency F2 of signal be: 1～5MHz; The frequency F1 of Y-signal is: F1=(1+1/n) F2, and wherein the span of n is 24～50 positive integer; Range ability is: ± 100ns arrives ± 1000ns; Accurate measurement district aberration (B-Y) and (B-Y) the frequency F2 of signal be: 2～20MHZ; The frequency F1 of Y-signal is: F1=(1+1/n) F2, and the span of n is 40～100; Uncertain being spaced apart: 50ns～± 500ns.
Adopt test signal according to claim 1 to carry out the method for measurement of brightness and color difference signal time difference, it is characterized in that, may further comprise the steps:
The first step, produce test signal: the electronics bitmap that generates resolution chart according to the resolution chart of setting with computer, in the electronic equipment of television image measuring signal generator, or the TS data flow that further the electronic bits diagram data is processed into compression leaves in the electronic equipment of television image test TS flow-generator with the deposit data of figure;
In second step, connect and adjust: be connected test signal generation equipment and equipment under test, and adjust and make described equipment be in normal operating conditions;
The 3rd step, measure: have display unit as equipment under test, then directly the test signal patterns of root demonstration is read test result, if equipment under test does not have display unit, then the brightness of equipment under test, carrier chrominance signal output are connected to brightness, carrier chrominance signal time difference and are 0 display input, read test result according to the test signal patterns that shows.
Described the 3rd pacing amount obtains measurement result, is divided into bigness scale result and final measurement; Described bigness scale result's method of measurement is: determine that according to display graphics in the bigness scale district reading of striped tone variations center correspondence on coordinatometer is as the bigness scale result; The method of measurement of described final measurement is: according to the selected accurate measurement district of bigness scale result coordinate line range ability, find out the center of the tone variations of striped from this coordinatometer range ability of accurate measurement district, reading corresponding on the selected coordinatometer is as final measurement.
The inventive method has following characteristics:
1) only needs a measuring signal generator, need not complex apparatus, directly from display image or the time difference that can record two color difference signals and luminance signal with general dual trace oscilloscope tool.
2) adopt the two-part read text scale, bent coarse scale is obtained range of readings, and by thin scale pin-point reading, the periodicity that has solved the beat waveform causes the probabilistic difficulty of reading, and making has high precision again by the existing wide range of this law.
3) according to the effect of the Devices to test test signal patterns that shows, it had both had the advantage that Y/C timing signal method measurement result can directly be read by display graphics, have again than the also high advantage of bowknot Waveform Method certainty of measurement, simplified the operation of measuring simultaneously, also because the influence of having avoided external equipment to cause has improved the correctness of measuring.
4) the present invention has designed the test signal of the measurement of brightness and color difference signal time difference especially at the picture format of 1920 * 1080 high definition TV, also provides simultaneously to be used for 1280 * 720 and 720 * 576 design examples that wait other picture format test signal.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the brightness and the color difference signal time difference resolution chart schematic diagram of existing Y/C timing signal method.
Fig. 2 is the test waveform schematic diagram of existing bowknot Waveform Method.
Fig. 3 is used for the resolution chart schematic diagram of 1920X1080HDTV brightness and color difference signal time difference embodiment 1 for the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a test signal principle schematic of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is used for the resolution chart schematic diagram of 720X576SDTV light tone time difference embodiment 2 for the present invention.
Embodiment
Brightness that the present invention proposes and color difference signal time difference test signal and method of measurement thereof reach embodiment in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and are described in detail as follows:
The present invention is embodiment 1 with the HDTV signal of 1920X1080, and the design principle and the using method of test signal is described.
Fig. 3 is an embodiment who is used for the figure of 1920X1080HDTV light tone time difference test signal, the figure 31,32,33 and 34 in four zones that are arranged above and below about figure is divided into (also can be four zones that are arranged above and below).Figure 31 and 32 is used for time difference of bigness scale and accurate measurement (B-Y) and Y respectively, and figure 33 and 34 are used for bigness scale and accurate measurement respectively and are used for time difference of bigness scale and accurate measurement (R-Y) and Y respectively.The about 25.86 μ s of the every active line of HDTV, about the figure in two zones can respectively account for the width (being no more than 12.9 μ s) of 12 μ s (31 among Fig. 3,32,33,34 is with the different different tones of gray scale signal.)。
In the figure 32, brightness signal Y is the cosine wave of frequency F1=(1+1/30) * 2.5MHz, and carrier chrominance signal (B-Y) is the cosine wave of frequency F2=2.5MHz, F1-F2=F2/30, Y and (B-Y) signal combination constituted the vertical stripes of tone variations.In the zone 34, brightness signal Y is similarly the cosine wave of F1=(1+1/30) * 2.5MHz, and carrier chrominance signal (R-Y) be the cosine wave of F2=2.5MHz, and Y and (R-Y) signal be combined have been constituted other and plant the vertical stripes of tone variations.
The principle of tone variations rule of the present invention is described as follows:
Know by trigonometric function formula cosx+cosy=2cos ((x-y)/2) cos ((x+y)/2), when two frequencies voice signal that is f1 and f2 mixes, can produce beat frequency phenomenon, the result as shown in Figure 4, when forming amplitude when high low frequency be the voice signal 41 of (f1+f2)/2.The period of change of sound amplitude is 1/ (f1-f2).The changes in amplitude rule is similar in the cycle of tone variations and the last example, and period of change is the inverse of difference frequency 1/30*2.5=1/12MHz, i.e. 12 μ s, and tone just in time changes one-period within the 12 μ s.Adjust initial phase, the trough of tone (abdomen) is just in time in the centre position.
When light tone does not have the time difference, t1=t2=t, the rule of tone variations is:
cos(π(F1*t1-F2*t2))＝cos(π(F1-F2)t)＝cos(πF2t/30) (1)
Work as t=T, corresponding phase place is (F2T/30) π.(2)
When the bright relatively signal of chrominance signal postpones d, i.e. t1=t, t2=t-d, this moment, the rule of tone variations was: cos (π (F1*t1-F2*t2))=cos (π ((F1-F2) t+F2d))=cos (π F2 (t/30+d)) (3)
Work as t=T-30d, the phase place of (3) formula correspondence again just can with the coming to the same thing of (2) formula.This chrominance signal that just means 1ns postpones, and can make the tone style postpone 30ns, has quite amplified 30 times on time shaft, for precise reading provides the foundation.
The width of μ s is corresponding to the range of light tone time difference ± 200ns like this ± 6, and as long as the light tone time difference within ± 200ns, can obtain unique reading.Below figure 32 among Fig. 3 and the figure 34 reference axis and read text scale scale 36.Its rational scale interval is 20ns, adds that tone variations is slower, is difficult to accurately judge location of reading, the only about 20ns of certainty of measurement, but this rough reading can be expressed the scope of measurement result definitely: be just or negative; Greater than 100 or less than 100.
For recording more accurate result, present embodiment is provided with the figure 31 and 33 of upper area.
In the figure 31, Y is the cosine wave of (1+1/60) * 10MHz, and (B-Y) is the cosine wave of 10MHz.In the figure 33, Y is all the cosine wave of (1+1/60) * 10MHz, and (R-Y) is the cosine wave of 10MHz.Their difference frequency is 1/60*10=1/6MHz, and the tone variations cycle is 6 μ s, and amplifies 60 times on the time shaft.The interval of ± 6 μ s is corresponding to the time difference of ± 100ns, so scale interval is reduced to 10ns, the tone variations steepening is easily accurately judged location of reading simultaneously, and through consistency check, certainty of measurement can reach 2 to 5ns.
In the present embodiment, because the tone variations cycle is 6 μ s, in 2 cycles of the width tone variations of ± 6 μ s, reading is not unique just, and those may readings is spaced apart 1/F2=100ns, and this value claims uncertain interval.-200 ,-100,0ns so in the range of ± 200ns, 3 kinds of possible meter full scales are arranged:;-100,0,100ns and 0,100,200ns.It below the figure 31 or 33 the read text scale dimensioning 35 of reference axis and 3 kinds of scopes.During measurement, coarse value by lower graph 32 or 34 time for reading differences, according to this value, select the meter full scale of top figure 31 or 33, again according to the skew of top figure, record the time difference exact value (some Devices to test, output signal does not show on screen, set-top box is for example only exported the signal of telecommunication of brightness and aberration.If the light tone time difference of these equipment of measurement, desirable one has confirmed that the light tone time difference is 0 display, the input that the brightness and the aberration signal of telecommunication of Devices to test output are received this display, the light tone time difference that is recorded by display effect is the light tone time difference of the output signal of telecommunication to be measured).
The resolution chart bottom is provided with two bright wisps 37 among Fig. 3,0 consistency from top to bottom of it and read text scale scale 36,37 are used for determining the position of the origin of coordinates, the lower right of figure 34, the numeral that one group " 1920X1080 " arranged is used for showing to annotate suitable television image form.
Fig. 5 is another embodiment 2 of light tone time difference test signal figure corresponding to the 720X576 picture format.Because the pixel of every row is insufficient, fail to lay down two graph area among this embodiment, four graph area can be by arranging (resolution chart of Fig. 5 is with the different different tones of gray scale signal) up and down.
The making of test signal, generally be to generate the electronics bitmap with computer according to the designing requirement of resolution chart is first, with the deposit data of figure in the electronic equipment that is called the television image signal generator, for example tree peony MDW1862 type HDTV measuring signal generator and tree peony MDW1872 type DTV measuring signal generator, these equipment are required figure and light tone time difference to be 0 YUV with the continuous output content of TV format in accordance with regulations, this signal is added on the display, and the effect of display graphics just reflects that brightness and chrominance channel in the display look like time difference of being caused from being input to be shown as at last.Sometimes also need the resolution chart electronics bitmap that several are continuous to reduce the staff and convert transmission (TS) flow data to through MPEG 2 (or other compressed encoding) information source, with these deposit data in the electronic equipment that is called TS stream signal generator, tree peony MDW 1876 TS current test signal generators for example, this equipment can the continuous output content of form in accordance with regulations be required figure and light tone time difference to be 0 TS stream signal, it is added to the input of source decoder, the output termination light tone time difference of source decoder is 0 display or oscilloscope, the light tone time difference that then can measure source decoder.
The measuring process of the foregoing description specifies as follows:
The first step: select the suitable light tone time difference test signal of suitable test signal source device and specification;
The key in this step is to select corresponding video, TS stream or radio frequency testing signal generator for use according to measurand, and the suitable picture format of correct selection.
Second step: equipment connects and adjusts
Select suitable test signal generation equipment according to measurand, and finish the reliable connection of each equipment room of test macro, correctly adjust the operating state of test signal equipment, equipment under test;
The 3rd step: observe the effect of display graphics, correctly read the measurement result of light tone time difference.
This step is a step of most critical in measuring.In Fig. 3, from figure 32, judge earlier tone variations centre position corresponding reading on coordinatometer 36, for example approximately-60.The range of readings that then can determine figure 31 correspondences is-100 to+100.Tone variations in 0 to-100 scope of figure 31 is again judged the corresponding reading on coordinatometer 35 of position in the middle of it, and for example-52, then the relative Y-signal of (B-Y) signal postpones 52ns.Then watch figure 34 attentively, judge the reading of tone variations centre position correspondence on coordinate 36, for example about 140.So determine that the range of readings of figure 33 correspondences is 0 to+200.Watch the tone variations in 100 to 200 scopes of figure 33 again attentively, judge the corresponding reading on coordinate 35 of position in the middle of it, for example 148, then the relative Y-signal of (R-Y) signal shifts to an earlier date 148ns.
According to above-mentioned design principle, also can design the figure of the light tone time difference test signal of the different 1920X1080HDTV of range difference, precision or 720X576SDTV picture format or 1280X720HDTV (U.S.), also can design the figure of the test signal that is applicable to other TV format.Table 1 is enumerated the parameter of several tests signal:
Giving an example of table 18 kind of the concrete parameter of test signal
Cited test signal in the table 1: F2 is carrier chrominance signal (B-Y) or frequency (R-Y); FI is the frequency and F1=(1+1/n) F2 of brightness signal Y; Base=1/ (n+1)/F2 when slightly (essence) surveyed; The uncertain 1/F2 that is spaced apart.
Claims (3)
1, a kind of method of measurement of carrying out brightness and color difference signal time difference is characterized in that, may further comprise the steps:
The first step, produce test signal: the electronics bitmap that generates test signal patterns according to the test signal patterns of setting with computer, this test signal patterns is divided into the four measuring district, wherein each district is vertical tone striped and the corresponding time difference scale of this tone striped that the cycle of formation changes after brightness cosine signal and the stack of aberration cosine signal, and the trough of the tone variations of this tone striped or crest location are measurement result with respect to the side-play amount of zero point of scale; Two time differences that the district is used for measuring aberration B-Y signal and brightness Y-signal in this four measuring district, two time differences that the district is used for measuring aberration R-Y signal and brightness Y-signal in addition; In two districts of the time difference of measuring each color difference signal and luminance signal, one is the bigness scale district, and another is the accurate measurement district; In the electronic equipment of television image measuring signal generator, or the TS data flow that further the electronic bits diagram data is processed into compression leaves in the electronic equipment of television image test TS flow-generator with the deposit data of electronics bitmap;
In second step, connect and adjust: the electronic equipment or the television image that are connected the television image measuring signal generator are tested the electronic equipment and the equipment under test of TS flow-generator, and adjust and make described equipment be in normal operating conditions;
The 3rd step, measure: if equipment under test has display unit, then directly read test result according to the test signal patterns that shows, the measurement result in this bigness scale district is used to the accurate measurement district to select correct reading coordinate, and this measurement result reading in the gamut scope is unique; This accurate measurement district is used for determining The ultimate results, but the reading correspondence a plurality of reading coordinates in the gamut scope, is not exclusive, and the result by bigness scale selectes one of them; If equipment under test do not have display unit, then brightness, the color difference signal output of equipment under test is connected to brightness, color difference signal time difference and is 0 display input, read test result according to the test signal patterns that shows.
2, method of measurement as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, the signal frequency F2 of described bigness scale district aberration B-Y or aberration R-Y is: 1～5MHz; The frequency F1 of Y-signal is: F1=(1+1/n) F2, and wherein the span of n is 24～50 positive integer; Range ability is: ± 100ns arrives ± 1000ns; The signal frequency F2 of described accurate measurement district aberration B-Y or aberration R-Y is: 2～20MHZ; The frequency F1 of Y-signal is: F1=(1+1/n) F2, and the span of n is 40～100; Uncertain being spaced apart: 50ns～± 500ns.
3, method of measurement as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, the test result that described the 3rd pacing amount obtains is divided into bigness scale result and final measurement; Described bigness scale result's method of measurement is: determine that according to display graphics in the bigness scale district reading of striped tone variations center correspondence on coordinatometer is as the bigness scale result; The method of measurement of described final measurement is: according to the selected accurate measurement district of bigness scale result coordinate line range ability, find out the center of the tone variations of striped from this coordinate line range ability of accurate measurement district, reading corresponding on the selected coordinatometer is as final measurement.
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