CN100537292C - Automobile braking energy recovery slowing method and system - Google Patents

Automobile braking energy recovery slowing method and system Download PDF

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Publication number
CN100537292C
CN100537292C CNB200610041981XA CN200610041981A CN100537292C CN 100537292 C CN100537292 C CN 100537292C CN B200610041981X A CNB200610041981X A CN B200610041981XA CN 200610041981 A CN200610041981 A CN 200610041981A CN 100537292 C CN100537292 C CN 100537292C
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energy
power
motor
electric energy
braking
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CN1827419A (en
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曹秉刚
龙波
张微
王晶
续丹
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SUZHOU BINGLI ELECTRIC VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY Co Ltd
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Xian Jiaotong University
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Abstract

The invention relates to a vehicle braking energy recycling reducing method and relative system, which uses the braking energy of vehicle reducer to generate power. The braking generator of reducer is serially connected between the gear-box and the first transmission axle; the braking generator contains an electromotor, which is connected to an electrical transformation device; the electrical transformation device is connected to the loads. The braking generator of reducer uses the braking torque generated by the vehicle to drive the electromotor to generate electricity. The invention can transform the braking energy into electricity to be stored and utilized. The invention has the advantages that simple structure, quick response, and easy installment, which especially provides the alternative power driving method.

Description

Method for reclaiming braking energy from automobile retarder and system thereof
Technical field
The present invention relates to the slow method and system of automobile brake, particularly a kind of method for reclaiming braking energy from automobile retarder and system thereof.
Background technology
The principle of work that motor power reclaims is that electrical motor is converted to electric energy as electrical generator with lock torque, realizes the energy recovery of kinetic energy.At present, the method has been widely used in the middle of the brake energy recovery of Electrical Bicycle, electro-tricycle, mini electric vehicle, electronlmobil, and has obtained good effect.Car body kinetic energy is converted into electric energy supplies with storage battery or super capacitor, both reached the effect that drag moment is provided, improved the continual mileage of battery-driven car again, also can be simultaneously the power supply of car body accessory feed, saved the energy, have very high economic value, become the development tendency of following battery-driven car.
Based on to electronlmobil, mini electric vehicle energy recovery Study on Technology achievement, produced with these technology be applied to automobile slow/idea in the middle of the row device assist brake, because traditional slow/row device can be divided into forms such as electric vortex type, hydraulic type and magneto according to the difference of principle of work, especially for electric vortex type slow/the row device, the phenomenon that too much burns out because of the heat that produces may appear.Though realized the effect of assist brake, this part braking kinetic energy has but slatterned with various radiating modes, as use for reference battery-driven car energy recovery braking technology, apply it in slow/row device, utilize motor that braking kinetic energy is converted to electric energy, and this portion of energy is stored with closed-centre system by power-converting device, used for the car body accessory feed, both can reach the effect of drag, can realize the purpose of the recovery of energy again.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to, propose a kind of method for reclaiming braking energy from automobile retarder and system thereof, this method and system thereof utilize automobile slow/braking energy that the row device produces reclaims generating, the braking energy of automobile is reclaimed and is stored and utilizes.
Method and system of the present invention provide new energy source for automobile.This is particularly important for electronlmobil, can effectively improve the continual mileage of electronlmobil, has remarkable economical and is worth and social value.In addition, in the process of utilizing slow/row device brake power generating, adopt suitable control method, can make the effect that native system plays provides vehicle-mounted accessory feed.
For achieving the above object, the present invention adopts following technical measures:
Utilize automobile slow/energy recovery generating that the braking of row device produces, with slowly/row device brake power generating device is connected in series with between the change speed gear box and transmission shaft of automobile, slowly/electrical motor is arranged in the row device brake power generating device, be connected with power-converting device on the electrical motor, power-converting device includes control module and power model, and overvoltage protective module is arranged on the power model; Load links to each other power-converting device with broad sense, slowly/lock torque drive motor that row device brake power generating device utilizes automobile to produce produces electric energy, and stored and utilized, it is characterized in that, described broad sense load comprises closed-center system and energy-dissipating device, when control module has been stored up full electric energy in closed-center system, electric energy is consumed in energy-dissipating device.
This method specifically may further comprise the steps:
A. slow/kinetic energy when row device brake equipment receives automobile brake, and this kinetic energy passed to slowly/goes electrical motor in the device brake equipment, utilize the generating of electrical motor to convert the energy into electric energy;
B. power-converting device receives the electric energy that the electrical motor in slow/row device brake equipment produces, and electric energy is adjusted and conversion;
C. the broad sense load receives the electric energy after power-converting device adjustment and conversion, and electric energy is stored or utilized.
The broad sense load can comprise closed-center system and finally with electric load etc.When the electric energy after power-converting device adjustment and the conversion was received by closed-center system, power-converting device was controlled the charging valtage and the electric current of closed-center system; Electric energy after described power-converting device adjustment and the conversion is when finally receiving with electric load, and power-converting device is controlled final power supply voltage and electric current with electric load.
Power-converting device may further comprise the steps the adjustment and the conversion of electric energy:
1) transmission of torque process, the lock torque that braking is produced passes to slowly/go the electrical motor in the device brake equipment, the drive motor generation electric energy that generates electricity;
2) DC/DC conversion process, the electric energy that step 1) is produced carries out the voltage and current conversion, when walking or drive slowly the overtension that produces, voltage is carried out step-down handle in the transformation process.
Described power-converting device is made up of power model and control module; Power model is used to adjust the electric energy that produces with switching motor, and electric energy is used for the broad sense load; Control module is controlled by the power component to power model, makes the braking recuperated energy change into electric energy, and is broad sense load-store and utilization.
When control module has been stored up full electric energy at broad sense load closed-center system, automatically switch in the power consumption circuit, discharge the remainder braking kinetic energy.
Realize system for carrying out said process, it is characterized in that this system comprises:
One places the slow/row device brake equipment between automobile gearbox and the transmission shaft, in this slow/row device brake equipment electrical motor is housed, and the kinetic energy when being used to receive automobile brake utilizes the generating of electrical motor to convert the energy into electric energy;
A power-converting device is made up of power model and control module, and power model is used to adjust the electric energy that produces with switching motor, and electric energy is used for the broad sense load; Control module is controlled by the power component to power model, will brake recuperated energy and change into electric energy, and be broad sense load-store and utilization;
A broad sense load is used for storage and utilizes the adjusted electric energy of power-converting device;
Slowly/electrical motor in the row device brake equipment is connected with power-converting device; Power-converting device links to each other with the broad sense load.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has following advantage:
1) for vehicle provides new energy source, the vehicle braking energy that in the past was not used is used, especially increases the accessory feed power supply capacity and have remarkable meaning for automobile;
2), and adopt common electrical generator mode to generate electricity to compare, have advantage simple in structure, that response is fast, be particularly suitable for alternation power driven mode because regenerative brake generating is a kind of kinetic energy to be converted to the generation mode of electric energy.
3) because slow/row device repacking is convenient, be convenient to install and to existing slow/row device brake system transforms;
4) native system is widely used, and can be used for multiple vehicles such as automobile and battery-driven car.
5) slowly/process of row device braking in, adopt suitable control method, can make native system in assisted deceleration, play the effect of generating.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a system construction drawing of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is slow/row device brake equipment scheme of installation, and wherein label is respectively: 1, change speed gear box, 2, universal-joint, 3, slow/row device brake equipment, 4, first transmission shaft, 5, second transmission shaft, 6, supporting seat;
Fig. 3 is schematic circuit diagram of power model (is example with the permanent magnet brushless electromotor) in the power-converting device among the embodiment;
Fig. 4 is the control principle figure of power-converting device among the embodiment.
Below in conjunction with the embodiment that accompanying drawing and contriver provide, the present invention is described in further detail.
The specific embodiment
Referring to Fig. 1～2, according to technical scheme of the present invention, the technology path of present embodiment is:
Slowly/row device brake equipment is connected in series with between the change speed gear box and transmission shaft of automobile, slowly/electrical motor is housed in the row device brake equipment, be connected with power-converting device on the electrical motor, power-converting device includes control module and power model, and overvoltage protective module is arranged on the power model; Load links to each other power-converting device with broad sense, slow/and lock torque drive motor that row device brake equipment utilizes automobile to produce produces electric energy, and stored and utilize.Concrete braking energy reclaims slow method and may further comprise the steps:
A. slow/row device brake power generating device receives the braking automobile lock torque, and braking kinetic energy is realized generating through electrical motor, and braking kinetic energy is changed into electric energy;
B. power-converting device receives the electric energy of slow/row device power generation assembly generation, and electric energy is adjusted and conversion;
C. the broad sense load receives the electric energy after power-converting device adjustment and the conversion, and electric energy is stored or utilized.
The control module of power-converting device is sent instruction, and the power model of power-converting device receives and execution command, and generation, storage and the utilization of electric energy are controlled.
Wherein, control module is controlled generating, charging or power supply process according to sensor signal.
Wherein, control module is that purpose is controlled braking recuperated energy as much as possible is converted into electric energy.
Wherein, the control signal of control module acts on the power device of power model, realizes slowly/control of row device braking energy generating.
Wherein, when control module is stored up full electric energy at closed-center system, disconnect power generation circuit or electric energy is consumed in electric load.
Wherein, comprise in the broad sense load under the situation of closed-center system, power-converting device is controlled the charging valtage and the electric current of closed-center system.
Wherein, comprise final using under the situation of electric load in the broad sense load, power-converting device is controlled final power supply voltage and electric current with electric load.
Wherein, power-converting device may further comprise the steps the adjustment and the conversion of electric energy:
The generating of transmission shaft dragging motor, motor is realized the DC/DC conversion process through the control power circuit, the direct current (DC) that conversion process is produced carries out the voltage and current conversion.The transformation process when walking or drive slowly the overtension that produces, is carried out step-down to voltage and is handled.
Automobile of the present invention is slow/row device braking energy reclaims slow system, be by slowly/the row device converts automobile brake energy to electric energy and for broad sense load use, comprising:
One places the slow/row device brake power generating device between main gearbox and the transmission shaft, and this power generation assembly and automobile main driving axle link, and are used for the braking recuperated energy is converted to electric energy;
A power-converting device is made up of power model and control module, and wherein power model is used to adjust and change the electric energy of slow/row device brake power generating device generation, and electric energy is sent in the broad sense load; Control module is controlled by the power component to power model, makes braking energy as much as possible change into electric energy, and is broad sense load-store and utilization;
A broad sense load is used for storage and utilizes the adjusted electric energy of power-converting device;
Slowly/row device brake power generating device is connected with power-converting device; Power-converting device links to each other with the broad sense load again.
Described broad sense load is closed-center system and finally uses electric load, described closed-center system be various storage batterys, vehicle-mounted accessory feed, super capacitor or flywheel one of them, described final be the combination of resistive loading, inductive load, capacitive load one of them or they with electric load.
Above-mentioned slow/row device brake power generating device is that slow in the original product/row device brake equipment is reequiped, replace original slow/row device with electrical motor, transmission shaft drives electrical motor and rotates, motor is converted into electric energy with braking kinetic energy, power transformation circuit is modulated the electric energy that motor produces by power tube control power circuit, recuperated energy is to closed-center system, and after the energy storage is full, the remainder energy will discharge by the heat radiation circuit.
Slowly/comprise electrical motor, transmission shaft and Hall element in the row device brake power generating device; Motor reel links to each other with transmission shaft, lock torque passes to electrical motor through transmission shaft, and electrical motor can be various DC machine, alternating current dynamo, wheel hub motor etc., electrical motor high-speed operation under moment loading, under the power-converting device modulating action, electrical motor is exported electric energy as electrical generator.
According to the motor terminal voltage formula:
U e = r d × i d + l d di d dt + e d - - - ( 1 )
U e＝U b+i b×r b (2)
U wherein bBe cell pressure e dBe counter electromotive force of motor, its value is directly proportional with rotating speed of motor, and when counter electromotive force of motor surpasses motor terminal voltage, at this moment, battery terminal voltage will be lower than motor lines voltage, by the power circuit modulation, and can be to battery charge.U eBe motor lines voltage, i bBe charging current, r bBe accumulator internal resistance, r dThe machine winding equivalent internal resistance, i dFor passing through coil current, l dBe the coil winding inductance.
Power-converting device comprises power model and control module.The power model of power-converting device is the DC/DC changer, the voltage and current of control power circuit output when being used to adjust electrical motor and making electrical generator; In the DC/DC changer device for power switching is arranged, be used for carrying out the instruction that control signal is passed on; Control module comprises: detect speed of a motor vehicle tachogenerator, filter circuit, controller and photoelectric isolating circuit, tachogenerator places slowly/goes on the device brake equipment, is used to obtain the required signal of microprocessor; Controller links to each other with sensor by filter circuit, is used to obtain the signal that sensor obtains, and the output control signal; Control signal is delivered to the control end of the device for power switching of power model through photoelectric isolating circuit.Tachogenerator adopt voltage sensor, current sensor, Hall element and mechanical pick-up device one of them.
Controller adopts wherein a kind of of analog controller, digitial controller and analog digital mixture control, and analog controller comprises the controller that analog controller that discrete component constitutes and programmable analog device constitute; Digitial controller comprises wherein a kind of of micro controller system, ARM, DSP, CPLD or FPGA.
Fig. 2 has provided slowly/has gone device brake power generating device scheme of installation, slowly/row device brake power generating device 3 is arranged between the universal-joint 2 and first transmission shaft 4, slowly/be provided with electrical motor in the row device brake power generating device 3, universal-joint 2 is connected with change speed gear box 1, slowly/row device brake power generating device 3 other ends are connected with universal-joint 2, supporting seat 6 with slowly/capable device brake power generating device 3 is connected.
Fig. 3 has provided the control power circuit of power-converting device among the embodiment.This circuit is become by brushless direct current motor, set of power switches; device for power switching adopts IGBT IPM Intelligent Power Module; module contains essential driving of IGBT and protective circuit; also can adopt MOSFET as power device, control circuit is done the time spent at electrical motor as electrical generator, adopts the modulation system of conducting in twos; following pipe is done the PWM modulation; realize boost chopper, and to the closed-center system charging, closed-center system is lead-acid storage battery or vehicle-mounted accessory feed.
Fig. 4 has provided the control principle figure of power-converting device among the embodiment, and control module is made up of current/voltage sensor, filter circuit, microprocessor, Hall element, driving logic control circuit, photoelectric isolating circuit.Microprocessor adopts the MICROCHIP singlechip chip PIC16F73 of company.Voltage sensor, current sensor all adopt analog control circuit to realize, the current/voltage sensor is used for gathering the voltage and current signal of DC/DC converter output terminal, handle through filter circuit, the A/D port of delivering to micro controller system carries out data acquisition, collection result is after micro controller system is handled, with the form output control signal of PWM.Pwm signal is delivered to the driving circuit of device for power switching via the driver logic control circuit, and the on off state of power tube is controlled.Acquisition of signal and control cycle are 1ms; The PWM modulating frequency is 20KHz.The filter circuit that filter adopts representative type to be built by op amp, photoelectric isolating circuit is realized by photoelectrical coupler.The required various level of control module are from vehicle-borne storage battery power taking, or provide through common DC/DC Switching Power Supply.
Concrete principle of work of the present invention is:
In the automobile brake operational process, lock torque passes to slowly/goes the electrical motor of device brake power generating device through transmission shaft, make the electrical motor high-speed operation, control module is by the pulse duration modulation to the control power circuit, realize that boost chopper is to battery charge, when dutycycle increases, the power tube ON time increases, when being the charging duration growth, by PI or change structure control algorithm, can allow the charging valtage at battery two ends maintain a certain setting value, and this setting value can be set by test or adaptive algorithm.The principle of setting this value is to make more braking recuperated energy be converted into electric energy, and monitor by measuring battery charge voltage and charging current, when storage battery was full of, controller stopped storage battery being charged, and the remainder braking energy is discharged in the heat radiation circuit.
In automobile driven process, device for power switching all is in closed condition, motor this moment recuperated energy not.
Though with reference to case discuss be used for the reclaiming braking energy from automobile retarder system, but should understand, the configuration of the structure detail of reclaiming braking energy from automobile retarder system and each parts and element is not limited to situation described in the embodiment, thereby is not deviating from various changes and the distortion that claim scope of the present invention can be made.
For example, the power model DC/DC changer of power-converting device and relevant interface circuit and necessary potential device.
For example, the power device of power-converting device adopts various widely used devices, includes but not limited to power transistor GTR, metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistor MOSFET, insulated gate bipolar transistor IGBT and gate turn off thyristor GTO.
For example, closed-center system comprises the multiple closed-center system that extensively adopts, as various storage batterys or super capacitor or flywheel.
For example, the circuit that control module adopts of power-converting device includes but not limited to analogous circuit, digital circuit, and wherein digital circuit includes but not limited to micro controller system, DSP, CPLD or FPGA.
For example, the control module of power-converting device is controlled calculating according to the signal of sensor.Used sensor comprises voltage sensor, current sensor, is also included within the mechanical pick-up device that adopts in some application.
Though showed and described the reclaiming braking energy from automobile retarder system of this example, wherein, slowly/row device brake power generating device places between automobile main gearbox and the transmission shaft, be used for automobile brake energy is converted to electric energy, but should understand, utilize the recovery of slow/row device through electrical motor realization energy, slow/row device brake power generating Unit Installation position can be not limited between change-speed box and the transmission shaft.Slowly/row device brake power generating device also can be installed on other position of transmission shaft.
Though, the invention is not restricted to example described above and example above to have described the present invention with reference to certain embodiments and example of the present invention.According to know-why of the present invention, those of ordinary skills make amendment to the foregoing description and are out of shape according to above-mentioned know-why and all belong to protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (13)

1.一种汽车制动能量回收缓速方法，利用汽车缓速/行器制动产生的能量回收发电，将缓速/行器制动发电装置串连于汽车的变速箱和传动轴之间，缓速/行器制动发电装置内有电动机，电动机上连接有电力变换装置，电力变换装置包括有控制模块和功率模块，功率模块上有过压保护模块；电力变换装置和广义负载相连，所述的广义负载包括储能装置和耗能装置，缓速/行器制动发电装置利用汽车产生的制动力矩拖动电动机产生电能，并加以存储和利用，当储能装置已经储满电能时，剩余电能在耗能装置中消耗。1. A method for recovering slowing speed of automobile braking energy, which utilizes the energy recovery and power generation generated by the slowing speed/traveler braking of the automobile, and connects the slowing speed/traveling gear braking power generation device in series between the gearbox and the transmission shaft of the automobile , there is a motor in the retarder/brake power generation device, and a power conversion device is connected to the motor. The power conversion device includes a control module and a power module, and an overvoltage protection module is installed on the power module; the power conversion device is connected to a generalized load. The generalized load includes energy storage devices and energy consumption devices. The retarder/traveler braking power generation device uses the braking torque generated by the car to drive the motor to generate electric energy, and stores and utilizes it. When the energy storage device has fully stored electric energy , the remaining electric energy is consumed in energy-consuming devices. 2.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述的缓速/行器制动装置能量回收发电包括以下步骤：2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the energy recovery and power generation of the retarder/brake device comprises the following steps: a.缓速/行器制动发电装置中的电动机接收汽车制动时的动能，并把该动能转化成电能；a. The electric motor in the retarder/travel brake power generation device receives the kinetic energy of the vehicle when braking, and converts the kinetic energy into electrical energy; b.电力变换装置接收缓速/行器制动发电装置中的电动机产生的电能，并对电能进行调整和变换；b. The power conversion device receives the electric energy generated by the motor in the retarder/travel brake power generation device, and adjusts and transforms the electric energy; c.广义负载接收经电力变换装置调整和变换后的电能，并对电能进行存储或利用；所述的广义负载包括储能装置和耗能装置，当储能装置已经储满电能时，剩余电能在耗能装置中消耗；c. The generalized load receives the electric energy adjusted and transformed by the power conversion device, and stores or utilizes the electric energy; the generalized load includes an energy storage device and an energy consumption device. When the energy storage device has stored full electric energy, the remaining electric energy consumed in energy consumers; 所述的电力变换装置由功率模块和控制模块组成；功率模块用于调整和转换电动机产生的电能，并将电能用于广义负载；控制模块通过对功率模块的功率元件进行控制，使制动回收能量转化成电能，并为广义负载存储和利用。The power conversion device is composed of a power module and a control module; the power module is used to adjust and convert the electric energy generated by the motor, and use the electric energy for a generalized load; Energy is converted into electricity and stored and utilized for generalized loads. 3.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述的电力变换装置调整和变换后的电能由储能装置接收时，电力变换装置对储能装管的充电电压和电流进行控制；所述的电力变换装置调整和变换后的电能由耗能装置接收时，电力变换装置对耗能装置的供电电压和电流进行控制。3. The method according to claim 1, wherein, when the electric energy adjusted and transformed by the power conversion device is received by the energy storage device, the power conversion device controls the charging voltage and current of the energy storage tube; When the electric energy adjusted and converted by the power conversion device is received by the energy consumption device, the power conversion device controls the power supply voltage and current of the energy consumption device. 4.如权利要求1或2所述的方法，其特征在于：所述的电力变换装置对电能的调整和变换包括以下步骤：4. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the adjustment and conversion of electric energy by the power conversion device comprises the following steps: 1)力矩传递过程，将制动产生的制动力矩传递给缓速/行器制动发电装置中的电动机，拖动电机发电产生电能；1) In the process of torque transmission, the braking torque generated by braking is transmitted to the motor in the retarder/traveler braking power generation device, and the motor is driven to generate electricity to generate electric energy; 2)DC/DC变换过程，对步骤1)产生的电能进行电压和电流变换，在变压过程中当缓行产生的电压过高时，对电压进行降压处理。2) DC/DC conversion process, the electric energy generated in step 1) is converted into voltage and current, and when the voltage generated by slowing down is too high during the voltage conversion process, the voltage is stepped down. 5.一种汽车制动能量回收缓速系统，其特征在于，该系统包括：5. A vehicle braking energy recovery slowing system, characterized in that the system includes: 一个置于汽车变速箱和传动轴之间的缓速/行器制动发电装置，该缓速/行器制动发电装置中装有电动机，用于接收汽车制动时的动能，并利用电动机的发电将能量转化成电能；A retarder/traveler brake power generation device placed between the car gearbox and the drive shaft, the retarder/traveler brake power generation device is equipped with a motor, which is used to receive the kinetic energy of the car when braking, and use the motor power generation converts energy into electricity; 一个电力变换装置，由功率模块和控制模块组成，功率模块用于调整和转换电动机产生的电能，并将电能用于广义负载；控制模块通过对功率模块的功率元件进行控制，将制动回收能量转化成电能，并为广义负载存储和利用；A power conversion device consists of a power module and a control module. The power module is used to adjust and convert the electric energy generated by the motor, and use the electric energy for generalized loads; the control module recovers energy from braking by controlling the power components of the power module. Converted into electrical energy, stored and utilized for generalized loads; 一个广义负载，用于存储和利用电力变换装置调整后的电能；所述的广义负载包括储能装置和耗能装置；A generalized load, which is used to store and utilize the adjusted electric energy of the power conversion device; the generalized load includes an energy storage device and an energy consumption device; 电动机与电力变换装置连接；电力变换装置与广义负载相连，电力变换装置调整和变换后的电能由广义负载接收时，电力变换装置对广义负载的供电电压和电流进行控制，当储能装置已经储满电能时，剩余电能在耗能装置中消耗。The motor is connected to the power conversion device; the power conversion device is connected to the generalized load, and when the adjusted and converted electric energy is received by the generalized load, the power conversion device controls the supply voltage and current of the generalized load. When the energy storage device has stored When fully charged, the remaining power is consumed in energy consumers. 6.如权利要求5所述的系统，其特征在于，所述的缓速/行器制动发电装置包括电动机、传动轴和霍尔元件；电动机轴与传动轴相连，制动力矩通过传动轴传递给电动机，电动机在力矩作用下高速运转，在电力变换装置调制作用下，将电动机作为发电机输出电能。6. The system as claimed in claim 5, characterized in that, the retarder/travel brake power generation device comprises a motor, a drive shaft and a Hall element; the motor shaft is connected with the drive shaft, and the braking torque passes through the drive shaft It is transmitted to the motor, and the motor runs at high speed under the action of torque, and under the modulation of the power conversion device, the motor is used as a generator to output electric energy. 7.如权利要求5所述的系统，其特征在于，所述储能装置为各种蓄电池、车载辅助电源、超级电容或飞轮其中之一，所述耗能装置为电阻性负载、电感性负载、电容性负载其中之一或它们的组合。7. The system according to claim 5, wherein the energy storage device is one of various storage batteries, vehicle auxiliary power supplies, supercapacitors or flywheels, and the energy consumption device is a resistive load or an inductive load , capacitive load, or a combination of them. 8.如权利要求5所述的系统，其特征在于，所述的缓速/行器制动发电装置机构为机械式、液压式、气动式、微机电式结构之一或者它们的各种组合结构。8. The system according to claim 5, characterized in that, the retarder/travel brake generator mechanism is one of mechanical, hydraulic, pneumatic, micro-electromechanical structures or various combinations thereof structure. 9.如权利要求5所述的系统，其特征在于，所述的缓速/行器制动发电装置中的电动机为各种直流电机、交流电机或轮毂电机。9. The system according to claim 5, characterized in that, the electric motors in the retarder/travel brake power generation device are various DC motors, AC motors or hub motors. 10.如权利要求5所述的系统，其特征在于，所述电力变换装置的功率模块为DC/DC变换器，电动机轴与传动轴相连，用于将传动轴产生的力矩转换成电动机动能；DC/DC变换器和电动机连接，用于调整电动机作发电机时控制主电路输出的电压和电流；功率开关器件在DC/DC变换器中，用来执行控制信号传达的指令。10. The system according to claim 5, wherein the power module of the power conversion device is a DC/DC converter, and the motor shaft is connected to the transmission shaft for converting the torque generated by the transmission shaft into kinetic energy of the motor; The DC/DC converter is connected to the motor to adjust the output voltage and current of the main circuit when the motor is used as a generator; the power switching device is in the DC/DC converter to execute the instructions conveyed by the control signal. 11.如权利要求5所述的系统，其特征在于，所述电力变换装置的控制模块包括：检测车速用测速传感器、滤波电路、控制器和光电隔离电路，测速传感器置于缓速/行器制动发电装置上，用于获得微处理器所需的信号；控制器通过滤波电路与传感器相连，用于获得传感器得到的信号，并输出控制信号；控制信号经光电隔离电路，送至功率模块的功率开关器件的控制端。11. The system according to claim 5, wherein the control module of the power conversion device comprises: a speed sensor for detecting vehicle speed, a filter circuit, a controller and a photoelectric isolation circuit, and the speed sensor is placed in the speed retarder/runner On the braking power generation device, it is used to obtain the signal required by the microprocessor; the controller is connected to the sensor through a filter circuit, used to obtain the signal obtained by the sensor, and output the control signal; the control signal is sent to the power module through the photoelectric isolation circuit The control terminal of the power switching device. 12.如权利要求11所述的系统，其特征在于，所述的控制器采用模拟控制器、数字控制器和模拟数字混合控制器其中的一种，模拟控制器包括分立元件构成的模拟控制器和可编程模拟器件构成的控制器；数字控制器包括单片机、ARM、DSP、CPLD和FPGA其中的一种；12. The system according to claim 11, wherein the controller is one of an analog controller, a digital controller and an analog-digital hybrid controller, and the analog controller includes an analog controller composed of discrete components A controller composed of programmable analog devices; a digital controller includes one of single-chip microcomputer, ARM, DSP, CPLD and FPGA; 所述测速传感器采用电压传感器、电流传感器、霍尔传感器或机械传感器其中之一；The speed measuring sensor adopts one of voltage sensor, current sensor, Hall sensor or mechanical sensor; 所述的功率开关器件采用功率晶体管GTR、金属一氧化物一半导体型场效应晶体管MOSFET、绝缘栅双极型晶体管IGBT和门极关断晶闸管GT0其中之一。The power switching device adopts one of power transistor GTR, metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistor MOSFET, insulated gate bipolar transistor IGBT and gate turn-off thyristor GT0. 13.如权利要求12所述的系统，其特征在于：所述的DC/DC变换器可以采用Buck、Boost、Cuk、Forward和Flyback电路其中之一或其组合。13. The system according to claim 12, characterized in that: said DC/DC converter can adopt one of Buck, Boost, Cuk, Forward and Flyback circuits or a combination thereof.
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