CN100536930C - Absorbent article comprising a fragrance-containing back sheet - Google Patents

Absorbent article comprising a fragrance-containing back sheet Download PDF

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Publication number
CN100536930C
CN100536930C CNB2004800357494A CN200480035749A CN100536930C CN 100536930 C CN100536930 C CN 100536930C CN B2004800357494 A CNB2004800357494 A CN B2004800357494A CN 200480035749 A CN200480035749 A CN 200480035749A CN 100536930 C CN100536930 C CN 100536930C
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
spice
absorbent commodity
masterbatch
thin film
baffle plate
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Fee Related
Application number
CNB2004800357494A
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Chinese (zh)
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CN1889984A (en
Inventor
姜隐贞
金亨范
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Yuhan Kimberly Ltd
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Yuhan Kimberly Ltd
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Publication date
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Publication of CN1889984A publication Critical patent/CN1889984A/en
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Publication of CN100536930C publication Critical patent/CN100536930C/en
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current
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Classifications

    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61LMETHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L15/00Chemical aspects of, or use of materials for, bandages, dressings or absorbent pads
    • A61L15/16Bandages, dressings or absorbent pads for physiological fluids such as urine or blood, e.g. sanitary towels, tampons
    • A61L15/42Use of materials characterised by their function or physical properties
    • A61L15/46Deodorants or malodour counteractants, e.g. to inhibit the formation of ammonia or bacteria
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61LMETHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L9/00Disinfection, sterilisation or deodorisation of air
    • A61L9/015Disinfection, sterilisation or deodorisation of air using gaseous or vaporous substances, e.g. ozone
    • A61L9/04Disinfection, sterilisation or deodorisation of air using gaseous or vaporous substances, e.g. ozone using substances evaporated in the air without heating
    • A61L9/042Disinfection, sterilisation or deodorisation of air using gaseous or vaporous substances, e.g. ozone using substances evaporated in the air without heating with the help of a macromolecular compound as a carrier or diluent
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61LMETHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L2300/00Biologically active materials used in bandages, wound dressings, absorbent pads or medical devices
    • A61L2300/20Biologically active materials used in bandages, wound dressings, absorbent pads or medical devices containing or releasing organic materials
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61LMETHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L2300/00Biologically active materials used in bandages, wound dressings, absorbent pads or medical devices
    • A61L2300/20Biologically active materials used in bandages, wound dressings, absorbent pads or medical devices containing or releasing organic materials
    • A61L2300/30Compounds of undetermined constitution extracted from natural sources, e.g. Aloe Vera

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Epidemiology (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Hematology (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Absorbent Articles And Supports Therefor (AREA)

Abstract

An absorbent article comprising a fragrance-containing back sheet is disclosed. Any fragrance known in the art may be contained in the back sheet, which is in the form of a film, nonwoven fabric or film/nonwoven laminate. Examples of suitable fragrances include lavender, lilac, rose, and the like. The absorbent article of the present invention can prevent contamination of the production line, other non-scented products and the wearer's skin.

Description

The absorbent commodity that comprises band spice tergite
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of absorbent commodity that comprises the tergite (baffle plate) that contains spice.
Background technology
Existing multiple absorbent commodity in the prior art, for example trousers, adult-incontinence articles, absorbent undergarment, cotton wool, crawlers lining, nursing pad and the analog thereof of baby diaper, training usefulness are used to absorb the body fluid that various physiological processes produces.The body fluid that absorbent commodity absorbed has niff usually.Therefore, numerous means are developed and are used to control the abnormal smells from the patient that absorbent commodity produces.
Most representative in these means is to mix deodorizer or spice in absorbent commodity.
For example, Korean patent No. 1996-15183 and U.S. Patent number 5,429,628 disclose odour absorbents or the spice releasing agent that mixes sealing among the absorbent cores of absorbent commodity or top flat.
U.S. Patent number 5,591,146 disclose a kind of cotton wool, comprise the binding agent of fragrant releasing agent, wherein binding agent can make cotton wool be bonded on wearer's the underwear, and the fragrance releasing agent of microcapsule form is removed from binding agent along with release liner and discharged fragrance.
WO 98/51248 discloses a kind of absorbent commodity, and it comprises at least a quick fragrance component of touching of tergite outer surface that is positioned at, and wherein fragrance component comprises the spice releasing agent of microencapsulation.
Yet the traditional handicraft for preparing this type of absorbent commodity still has problems, and comprises sealing deodorizer or spice and uses the step of the deodorizer or the spice of sealing, and wherein can not to be applied to equably on the absorbent commodity also be an individual problem for Mi Feng deodorizer or spice.Further, if deodorizer or spice are incorporated into the absorbent cores or the top flat of absorbent commodity, also may directly touch wearer's skin.
Disclosure of an invention
Technical problem
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of absorbent commodity that does not have the fragrance of the problems referred to above.
Technical scheme
Absorbent commodity of the present invention is characterised in that and mixes spice in the tergite and spice does not have sealed.
Absorbent commodity of the present invention is described below.
As conventional absorbent commodity, absorbent commodity has top flat, absorbent cores and the liquid-tight tergite with liquid permeability.In the present invention, the spice with non-tight is incorporated in the tergite.
This area spice commonly used all can be used for the present invention.The spice that is suitable for comprises single floral type spice such as Garden lavender, Syringa oblata Lindl., Flos Rosae Rugosae and jasmine; All sorts of flowers fragrant perfume, the mixture of promptly single floral type spice; Citrus type spice such as Fructus Citri Limoniae or Fructus Citri tangerinae; Oriental aromatic such as Moschus, succinum and Zibethum; Green or woody type spice; Fatty aldehyde type spice etc.Wherein, the preferred single floral type spice of the present invention such as Garden lavender, Syringa oblata Lindl. and Flos Rosae Rugosae.
Garden lavender spice composed as follows that can be used for the present invention: Essential lavender oil 40 to 60%, linalool or linalool oxide 10 to 30%, citronellol (citronelol) 5 to 10%, acetic acid iso-bornyl ester 10 to 20% and Camphora 5 to 10%.
Camphora strengthens the fragrance of Garden lavender slightly.
The present invention can use by acetic acid linalyl ester 25 to 40%, lavandin oil 40 to 60%, linalool or linalool oxide 5 to 15% and Fructus Citri Limoniae oil 0.01 equally to the 5% Garden lavender spice of forming.
The Syringa oblata Lindl. spice that the present invention uses composed as follows: cinnamic aldehyde 30 to 60%, ethyl linalool 10 to 30%, isoeugenol 10 to 30%, linalool 10 to 30%, terpineol 10 to 30% and phenethanol 5 to 15%.
Tergite of the present invention can be the form of thin film, supatex fabric or film/nonwoven fabric.
The tergite of form of film is at first described.
Many preparation technologies all can be used for preparing the tergite of form of film of the present invention, for example, and casting or expanded mode molding technology.In order to obtain durability, tergite preferably prepares like this: spice and the thermoplastic polymer blend that constitutes tergite substrate are prepared masterbatch (masterbatch that contains hereinafter, spice); To contain the masterbatch of spice and conventional baffle plate masterbatch mixes; In the time of about 170 to 240 ℃, preferably in the time of about 180 to 230 ℃, mixture is cast by T-shape mould, as describing in detail below.
The masterbatch that will contain spice mixes with the ratio of baffle plate masterbatch by hope.Then mixture is imported in the extruder.Through described extruder melts and mixing, mixture is fully scatter, the use sieve plate is removed the impurity in the mixture.Then, the blockage by T-shape mould is with the mixture casting film.Allow the thin film of casting by chill roll, wherein in order to keep fragrance, the temperature that preferably keeps chill roll more preferably 15 to 25 ℃, is hanged down (20 to 35 ℃ is 25 to 30 ℃ preferablyly) than the temperature of traditional roller at 10 to 30 ℃.Size is on demand cut and coiled film.The step that can also comprise if desired, sided corona treatment, impression or stamp in the technology.The tergite of making so just can be used for the present invention.
The masterbatch that contains spice that uses among the present invention is made up of to 60% thermoplastic polymer 30 to 50%, spice 1 to 20% and additive 40.The baffle plate masterbatch that the present invention uses comprises thermoplastic polymer 40 to 60% and additive 40 to 60%.Product attribute as required, the additive in masterbatch that contains spice and baffle plate masterbatch can be antioxidant, filling microgranule, dyestuff etc.
The masterbatch that contains spice can differ from one another with baffle plate masterbatch thermoplastic polymer separately or be identical.The example of this thermoplastic polymer includes but not limited to very low density polyethylene, low density polyethylene (LDPE), high density polyethylene (HDPE), polypropylene, ethylene and C 3-C 12The copolymer of alpha-olefin, propylene and ethylene and/or C 4-C 12The copolymer of alpha-olefin and flexible polyolefin comprise the polymer based on propylene, and wherein the polymer based on propylene contains atactic and isotactic propylene group simultaneously on its polypropylene backbone, elastomer-as polyurethane, copolyether ester, the polyamide polyether block copolymer, ethylene-vinyl acetate base ester copolymer, general formula is block copolymer such as the copolymerization (styrene/ethylene-butylene) of A-B-A ' or A-B, styrene-poly-(ethylene-propylene)-styrene, styrene-poly-(ethylene-butylene)-styrene, polystyrene/poly-(ethylene/butylene) polystyrene, poly-(styrene/ethylene-butylene/styrene) etc.
The masterbatch and the baffle plate masterbatch that contain spice can be with ratio mixing arbitrarily.Consider the maintenance of fragrance and required intensity, preferred two kinds of masterbatch are with about 99:1 to 40:60wt%, more preferably with the mixed of about 96:4 to 80:20wt%.Therefore, the use amount of spice be approximately the tergite gross weight 0.01 to 12wt%, preferred about 0.05 to 5wt%.
In addition, the breathability tergite by the preparation of following method can be used for the present invention: have filler particles such as a CaCO by what will contain spice 3Masterbatch is cast into thin film and passes through single shaft or biaxially oriented film through three steps being made up of preheating step, stretching step and annealing steps with the baffle plate masterbatch.Comprised two (2) steps in stretching step, set the temperature of stretching step according to fragrance emanation and decomposability, temperature preferably approximately is 20 to 70 ℃, more preferably about 40 to 45 ℃.Stretch ratio is approximately 160 to 250%, preferably approximately is 180 to 220%.According to fragrance emanation and decomposability annealing steps about 20 to 100 ℃ the time, preferably at 70 ℃ or carry out when lower.
Tensile like this thin film should have certain thickness, and this thickness allows the integrity of structure and can form liquid barrier.After stretching, thin film should have about 50 to 300 microns, preferably approximately is 100 microns thickness.
According to tergite of the present invention also by the above-mentioned masterbatch of spice and the supatex fabric that the baffle plate masterbatch is made by any conventional technology of containing.The example of the supatex fabric that is suitable for comprises spunbond fibre web (web), the molten fibre web that blows, the fibre web of combing after hot sticky, the ventilative bonding fibre web of combing, water thorn fibre web, spunbond-molten blowing-spunbond fibre web, spunbond-molten blow-melt blow-spunbond fibre web and analog thereof, preferred spunbonded-fibre web of molten blowing-spunbond and spunbond-melt to blow-melt and blow-spunbond fibre web.
Further, tergite of the present invention can be the film/nonwoven laminate.To contain the masterbatch of spice and the film laminating that contains spice that the baffle plate masterbatch is made is made conventional nonwoven web by above-mentioned, obtain the film/nonwoven laminate; Or will contain the masterbatch of spice and the non-woven fabric layer that contains spice that the baffle plate masterbatch is made is pressed into conventional thin film by above-mentioned; Or by conventional binding agent, solvent-borne type glue, hot-melt adhesive and cold glue or heat bonding technology as is known in the art will contain the masterbatch of spice and the film laminating that contains spice that the baffle plate masterbatch is made is made the supatex fabric that contains spice by above-mentioned.The consumption of spice be approximately the tergite gross weight 0.01 to 12.0wt%.
The present invention can use top flat and the absorbent cores of using in conventional absorbent commodity.Used top flat can be made by multiple different material, and for example the combination by foamed materials, netted foamed materials, foraminous plastic sheeting, nonwoven web, natural fiber, staple fibre or natural and the staple fibre of porous infiltration makes.For example, top flat can comprise the webs of spunbond fibers of spunlace non-woven fibre web, polyolefine fiber or by the fibre web natural and/or bonded carded that staple fibre constitutes.In this, top flat can be made up of hydrophobic basically material, and hydrophobic material is with surfactant or otherwise processed, to obtain the wettability and the liquid permeability of desired level.The example of top flat is described in U.S. Patent number 5,879, and 343, in U.S. Patent number 5,490,846, U.S. Patent number 5,364,382 and the Application No. 09/209,177.
Used absorbent cores can comprise one or more absorbent materials, for example high-hydroscopicity granule, wood pulp fluff fiber, staple fibre and combination thereof.Absorbent cores can be any one in the many kinds of shapes, and size can change according to the purpose purposes and the known factor of other those skilled in the art of required useful load, absorbent commodity.Yet the fabric that absorbs of the present invention may not contain absorbent cores.
Implement optimal mode of the present invention
Can the present invention will be described in following examples further, but following examples are not used in the scope of the present invention that limits.
Embodiment 1
15wt% is contained the masterbatch of spice, wherein comprise the Garden lavender flavor compositions (48wt% Essential lavender oil, 22wt% linalool, 8wt% citronellol, 12wt% acetic acid iso-bornyl ester and 10wt% Camphora) of 10wt%; The 40wt% low density polyethylene (LDPE); The tricresyl phosphate as oxidant (2,4-two-tert-butyl-phenyl) ester and the four (mixture of the baffle plate masterbatch that comprises the 8wt% low density polyethylene (LDPE) of methylene 3-(3,5-two-tert-butyl-hydroxy phenyl) propionic ester methane and 85wt% with 50wt%; The 39.3wt% linear low density polyethylene; 51wt%CaCO 3And 1.7wt%TiO 2Mix.Then the mixture of gained is cast by T-shape mould about 200 ℃ the time and make thin film.
With the thin film of such gained according to about 200% stretch ratio and under about 40 ℃ temperature uniaxial tension and form the used breathable film of tergite.
Can be used to prepare the crawlers lining as tergite with the thin film of above acquisition.
Embodiment 2
Repeat the method among the embodiment 1, the Garden lavender flavor compositions that comprises 30wt% acetic acid linalyl ester, 40wt% lavandin oil, 15wt% linalool and 5wt% Fructus Citri Limoniae oil except use is formed for the breathable film of tergite as spice.Can use the thin film of above acquisition to prepare the crawlers lining as tergite.
Embodiment 3
Repeat the method among the embodiment 1, except adopting the Syringa oblata Lindl. flavor compositions to form the used breathable film of tergite as spice, wherein the Syringa oblata Lindl. flavor compositions comprises 40wt% cinnamic aldehyde, 15wt% ethyl linalool, isoeugenol, 15wt% linalool, 10wt% terpineol and 5wt% phenethanol.Can use the thin film of above acquisition to prepare the crawlers lining as tergite.
Industrial applicibility
When with described spice being mixed with the baffle plate masterbatch by the present invention, when forming tergite subsequently and preparing absorbent commodity, the advantage of these article is to have avoided to the issuable pollution of wearers skin, and an extra process that spice is put on the absorbability article.Thereby improved the impression of user to these article.
The embodiment of above enumerating and describing is as the example of some preferred implementation of the present invention.Those skilled in the art can change and revise according to the specific embodiment that wherein provides, but still within the scope of the invention.

Claims (19)

1. an absorbent commodity comprises the tergite that contains unencapsulated spice equably, the wherein said tergite form of film that the mixture of the masterbatch that contains spice and baffle plate masterbatch is made of serving as reasons; The supatex fabric form that makes from the mixture of the masterbatch that contains spice and baffle plate masterbatch; The laminate form that contains thin film and nonwoven web, this laminate is by masterbatch that will contain spice and baffle plate masterbatch input extruder, with the mixture melting mixing, make mixture down make thin film through the chill roll cooling down at 10 to 30 ℃, and thin film and nonwoven web are carried out lamination with binding agent or heat seal make through the casting of T-shape mould and with gains at 170 to 240 ℃; The laminate form that perhaps contains thin film and nonwoven web, this laminate are to be pressed onto on the thin film with binding agent or heat sealing layer by the supatex fabric that will make from the mixture of the masterbatch that contains spice and baffle plate masterbatch to make.
2. the absorbent commodity of claim 1, its ndiotergite is a thin film, this thin film is by masterbatch that will contain spice and baffle plate masterbatch input extruder, with the mixture melting mixing, cooling makes through chill roll down at 10 to 30 ℃ through T-shape mould casting and with gains down at 170 to 240 ℃ to make mixture.
3. the absorbent commodity of claim 1, its ndiotergite comprises spunbond-molten blowing-spunbond fibre web or spunbond-molten blow-melt and blow-spunbond fibre web.
4. each absorbent commodity in the claim 1,2 and 3, wherein the amount ranges of spice be the tergite gross weight 0.01 to 12.0wt%.
5. the absorbent commodity of claim 1, wherein said baffle plate masterbatch comprise 40 to 60wt% thermoplastic polymer and 60 to 40wt% additive.
6. the absorbent commodity of claim 5, wherein thermoplastic polymer is selected from polyethylene, low density polyethylene (LDPE), high density polyethylene (HDPE), polypropylene, ethylene and the C of extra-low density 3-C 12The copolymer of alpha-olefin and propylene, ethylene and C 4-C 12The terpolymer of alpha-olefin.
7. the absorbent commodity of claim 5, wherein additive is selected from antioxidant, dyestuff, filler particles and combination thereof.
8. the absorbent commodity of claim 1, the masterbatch that wherein contains spice comprise 30 to 50wt% thermoplastic polymer, 1 to 20wt% spice and 40 to 60wt% additive.
9. the absorbent commodity of claim 8, wherein thermoplastic polymer is selected from polyethylene, low density polyethylene (LDPE), high density polyethylene (HDPE), polypropylene, ethylene and the C of extra-low density 3-C 12The copolymer of alpha-olefin and propylene, ethylene and C 4-C 12The terpolymer of alpha-olefin.
10. the absorbent commodity of claim 8, wherein additive is selected from antioxidant, dyestuff, filler particles and combination thereof.
11. the absorbent commodity of claim 1, wherein the baffle plate masterbatch is from 96:4 to 80:20 with the ratio ranges of the masterbatch that contains spice by weight.
12. the absorbent commodity of claim 1, the wherein thin film of in the time of 35 to 60 ℃, casting with 160 to 250% stretch rate stretching.
13. the absorbent commodity of claim 12, the thin film annealing after wherein in the time of 20 to 100 ℃, will stretching.
14. the absorbent commodity of claim 1, wherein spice is the spice that Garden lavender fragrance or Syringa oblata Lindl. fragrance are arranged.
15. the absorbent commodity of claim 14, wherein spice is the compositions that Garden lavender fragrance is arranged, it comprises 40 to 60wt% Essential lavender oil, 10 to 30wt% linalools or linalool oxide, 5 to 10wt% citronellols, 10 to 20wt% acetic acid iso-bornyl esters and 5 to 10wt% Camphoras.
16. the absorbent commodity of claim 14, wherein spice is the compositions of Garden lavender fragrance, comprises the Fructus Citri Limoniae oil of 25 to 40wt% acetic acid linalyl esters, 40 to 60wt% lavandin oils, 5 to 15wt% linalools or linalool oxide and 0.01 to 5wt%.
17. the absorbent commodity of claim 14, wherein spice is for there being the Syringa oblata Lindl. aroma composition, comprises the phenethanol of 30 to 60wt% cinnamic aldehydes, 10 to 30wt% ethyl linalools, 10 to 30wt% isoeugenols, 10 to 30wt% linalools, 5 to 15wt% terpineol and 5 to 15wt%.
18. the absorbent commodity of claim 2, the wherein thin film of in the time of 35 to 60 ℃, casting with 160 to 250% stretch rate stretching.
19. the absorbent commodity of claim 18, the thin film annealing after wherein in the time of 20 to 100 ℃, will stretching.
CNB2004800357494A 2003-12-04 2004-12-03 Absorbent article comprising a fragrance-containing back sheet Expired - Fee Related CN100536930C (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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KR1020030087444 2003-12-04
KR1020030087444A KR101059641B1 (en) 2003-12-04 2003-12-04 Absorbent article comprising a fragrance-containing back sheet

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CN1889984A CN1889984A (en) 2007-01-03
CN100536930C true CN100536930C (en) 2009-09-09

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TW (1) TWI275384B (en)
WO (1) WO2005053761A1 (en)

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EP1884252A1 (en) * 2006-08-04 2008-02-06 Electrolux Home Products Corporation N.V. Polyolefin plastics with long-lasting odour
WO2008049920A2 (en) 2006-10-26 2008-05-02 Novo Nordisk A/S Il-21 variants
KR101380554B1 (en) * 2007-04-30 2014-04-02 유한킴벌리 주식회사 Disposable absorbent articles comprising a back sheet containing natural fragrance and/or natural extract
KR102366825B1 (en) * 2021-07-13 2022-02-23 김정곤 Biodegradable defecation diaper for pet
KR102419844B1 (en) * 2021-07-13 2022-07-12 김정곤 Biodegradable defecation pad for pet

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KR960015183B1 (en) 1993-05-03 1996-11-01 주식회사 엘지화학 Disposable absorbent articles containing encapsulation materials
CN2152571Y (en) * 1993-05-14 1994-01-12 徐长财 Multifunctional perfume quick-acting health pad
CN1344154A (en) * 1998-12-31 2002-04-10 金伯利-克拉克环球有限公司 Absorbent article compsn. and method of use for sequestering skin irritants
US6653524B2 (en) * 1999-12-23 2003-11-25 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Nonwoven materials with time release additives

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TW200528074A (en) 2005-09-01
CN1889984A (en) 2007-01-03
KR101059641B1 (en) 2011-08-25
WO2005053761A1 (en) 2005-06-16
TWI275384B (en) 2007-03-11
KR20050054120A (en) 2005-06-10

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