CN100527547C - Tunable thulium-doped fiber laser - Google Patents
Tunable thulium-doped fiber laser Download PDFInfo
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- CN100527547C CN100527547C CNB2008100354975A CN200810035497A CN100527547C CN 100527547 C CN100527547 C CN 100527547C CN B2008100354975 A CNB2008100354975 A CN B2008100354975A CN 200810035497 A CN200810035497 A CN 200810035497A CN 100527547 C CN100527547 C CN 100527547C
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- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 81
- 229910052775 Thulium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- FRNOGLGSGLTDKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N thulium atom Chemical compound [Tm] FRNOGLGSGLTDKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N germanium atom Chemical compound [Ge] GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 32
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011162 core material Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000013519 translation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002310 reflectometry Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 14
- 241000931526 Acer campestre Species 0.000 description 11
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002019 doping agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 4
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000010355 oscillation Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 208000002925 dental caries Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005283 ground state Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005764 inhibitory process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001307 laser spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000009738 saturating Methods 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
A tunable thulium-doped fiber laser is characterized by comprising the following components: arrange the pumping source of the laser diode array of the tape output tail optical fiber on the temperature control device in, this output tail optical fiber is through spherical lens, aspheric lens and dichroic mirror and the input end coupling of thulium double-clad optical fiber, and this output of thulium double-clad optical fiber is through becoming reflectivity lens and germanium light filter output, the dichroic mirror as the rear cavity mirror of resonant cavity, become the front cavity mirror that reflectivity lens constitutes the resonant cavity, the input and the output of thulium double-clad optical fiber be equipped with first temperature control device and second temperature control device respectively, and the mid portion of thulium double-clad optical fiber arranges optical fiber heat abstractor in, the variable reflectivity lens fix on three-dimensional regulation platform. The tunable thulium-doped fiber laser has the characteristics of high power, large tuning range, convenience in operation, wide application range and the like.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to fiber laser, particularly a kind of tunable thulium-doped fiber laser.
Background technology
In recent years, the thulium double-clad optical fiber laser of mixing of cladding pumping has caused extensive concern, because the optical maser wavelength of this laser is in 2 microns spectral regions of " eye-safe ", in field extensive application such as remote sensing and biomedicines.Because the surface area of optical fiber is big,, can provide higher power output and better beam quality so fiber laser is easy to heat radiation.Along with the continuous development of the High power laser diode array of 790 nano wave lengths, 2 microns power outputs of mixing the thulium double-clad optical fiber laser of pump-coupling have reached the hectowatt magnitude.In addition, in the thulium optical fiber of high-dopant concentration, the cross-relaxation process (
3H
6,
3H
4→
3F
4,
3F
4) can significantly improve the quantum efficiency of mixing the thulium double-clad optical fiber laser.Different applications requires different to optical maser wavelength, so design and produce two micron optical fiber lasers of tunable wave length important application value is arranged.
The special benefits of mixing the thulium double-clad optical fiber laser is that its tuning range is wide, from nanometer more than 1600 up to 2100 nanometers.The fiber laser output wavelength being carried out tuning technology both at home and abroad now mainly is to adopt grating, yet, no matter be that fiber grating or body grating all exist problems such as complex manufacturing technology, tuning inconvenience, and be difficult to obtain high-output power.The maximum power output of the tunable thulium-doped double-clad optical fiber laser of having realized has only 15 watts, long wavelength can only be tuned to 2090 nanometers.
Summary of the invention
The present invention provides a kind of tunable thulium-doped fiber laser in order to overcome the deficiency of technology formerly, and this laser should have compact conformation, and high power output, higher lasing efficiency, tuning range is big, easy to operate and characteristics such as applied range.
The technology of the present invention solution is:
A kind of tunable thulium-doped fiber laser, characteristics are that its formation comprises: the pumping source that places the diode laser matrix of the band output tail optical fiber on the attemperating unit, this output tail optical fiber is through spherical lens, non-spherical lens and dichroic mirror and the input of mixing the thulium doubly clad optical fiber are coupled, this output of mixing the thulium doubly clad optical fiber is through reflectivity-variable lens and the output of germanium filter, described dichroic mirror is as the Effect of Back-Cavity Mirror of resonant cavity, described reflectivity-variable lens constitute the front cavity mirror of resonant cavity, described input and the output of mixing the thulium doubly clad optical fiber is respectively equipped with first attemperating unit and second attemperating unit, and the mid portion of mixing the thulium doubly clad optical fiber places the optical fiber heat abstractor, and described reflectivity-variable lens are fixed on the three-dimensional regulation platform.
Described attemperating unit is the water cooling temperature control system, guarantees that pump light wavelength and described absorbing wavelength of mixing thulium doubly clad optical fiber core material adapt.
The numerical aperture coupling of the numerical aperture of described spherical lens and described output tail optical fiber, the numerical aperture of non-spherical lens and described numerical aperture coupling of mixing the thulium doubly clad optical fiber.
The described thulium doubly clad optical fiber of mixing is Tm
3+High-dopant concentration optical fiber has also mixed a spot of Al in the fibre core
3+Ion.
Described first attemperating unit and second attemperating unit are that the red copper of water-cooled is heat sink.
Described optical fiber heat abstractor is two copper sheets.
The transmitance excursion radially of 2 micron wavebands of described reflectivity-variable lens is 80%～5%, as long as perpendicular to the described horizontal direction translation three-dimensional regulation platform of mixing the output of thulium doubly clad optical fiber, can change the transmitance of the front cavity mirror of fiber laser resonant cavity.
Described dichroic mirror is to the high anti-eyeglass of the high saturating oscillation light to 2 microns of pump light.
The present invention has the following advantages:
1, owing to adopts the high-power semiconductor laser diode array of tail optical fiber output to make pumping source, reduced the difficulty of pump light coupled into optical fibres, this pumping source has attemperating unit, by regulating the working temperature of pumping source, make the pump light wavelength identical, improved pumping efficiency with the absorbing wavelength of mixing the thulium doubly clad optical fiber.
2, guarantee that the output tail optical fiber of the numerical aperture of coupling optical system (spherical mirror and aspherical mirror) and pumping source and the numerical aperture of mixing the inner cladding of thulium doubly clad optical fiber are complementary, thereby reduced loss, improved coupling efficiency.
3, owing to adopt high-dopant concentration Tm
3+Optical fiber, and a certain amount of Al that mixed
3+Ion is used for eliminating the cluster effect, has significantly strengthened the cross-relaxation process, has improved the slope efficiency of laser.
4, owing to adopt the reflectivity-variable lens to form the outgoing mirror of resonant cavity, obtain wavelength tuning, make simple, easy to operate, the good stability of this middle infrared optical fiber laser structure thereby the position that utilizes three-dimensional platform to regulate outgoing mirror changes the output transmitance.In addition,, reduced energy loss, in the tuning range that obtains broad, had higher power output owing to reduced the complexity of structure.
In a word, the present invention has compact conformation, and high power output, higher lasing efficiency, tuning range is big, easy to operate and characteristics such as applied range.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of tunable thulium-doped fiber laser of the present invention
Fig. 2 is the simplification level structure schematic diagram of trivalent thulium ion
2 microns laser outputs when Fig. 3 is the higher output transmitance of three kinds of tunable thulium-doped fiber lasers of the present invention are with the change curve of pump power
Fig. 4 is the variation relation of tunable thulium-doped fiber laser laser peak wavelength of the present invention with the outgoing mirror transmitance
Fig. 5 is the laser line of tunable thulium-doped fiber laser of the present invention
Embodiment
The present invention is described further below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and embodiment.
See also Fig. 1 earlier, Fig. 1 is the structural representation of an embodiment of tunable thulium-doped fiber laser of the present invention, as seen from the figure, the formation of tunable thulium-doped fiber laser of the present invention comprises: the pumping source 1 that places the diode laser matrix of the band output tail optical fiber 3 on the attemperating unit 2, this output tail optical fiber 3 is through spherical lens 4, non-spherical lens 5 and dichroic mirror 6 are coupled with the input of mixing thulium doubly clad optical fiber 8, this output of mixing thulium doubly clad optical fiber 8 is through reflectivity-variable lens 11 and 13 outputs of germanium filter, described dichroic mirror 6 is to have the pump light high permeability the eyeglass of 2 microns the oscillation light high reflectance Effect of Back-Cavity Mirror as resonant cavity, described reflectivity-variable lens 11 constitute the front cavity mirror of resonant cavitys, and the described input of mixing thulium doubly clad optical fiber 8 and output are respectively equipped with the
The attemperating unit 7 and second attemperating unit 10, and the mid portion of mixing thulium doubly clad optical fiber 8 places optical fiber heat abstractor 9, described reflectivity-variable lens 11 are fixed on the three-dimensional regulation platform 12.
Described attemperating unit 2 is the water cooling temperature control system, guarantees that pump light wavelength and described absorbing wavelength of mixing thulium doubly clad optical fiber 8 core materials adapt.
The numerical aperture coupling of the numerical aperture of described spherical lens 4 and described output tail optical fiber 3, the numerical aperture of non-spherical lens 5 and described numerical aperture coupling of mixing thulium doubly clad optical fiber 8.
The described thulium doubly clad optical fiber 8 of mixing is Tm
3+High-dopant concentration optical fiber has also mixed a spot of Al in the fibre core
3+Ion.
Described first attemperating unit 7 and second attemperating unit 10 are that the red copper of water-cooled is heat sink.
Described optical fiber heat abstractor 9 is two copper sheets.
The transmitance excursion radially of 2 micron wavebands of described reflectivity-variable lens 11 is 80%～5%, as long as perpendicular to the described horizontal direction translation three-dimensional regulation platform 12 of mixing the output of thulium doubly clad optical fiber 8, can change the transmitance of the front cavity mirror of fiber laser resonant cavity.
In the present embodiment, above-mentioned all parts can concentrate in the cabinet.
Pumping source 1 is the High power laser diode array fiber coupling module.We adopt one can temperature control water cooling plant 2 working temperature of regulating pumping source, the emission wavelength of pumping source 1 is well overlapped with the absworption peak of thulium doped fiber 8.Pump power may be selected to be 60 watts.
The diameter and the numerical aperture (NA) of output tail optical fiber 3 can be selected according to the pumping source pump power, and in this example, the diameter of tail optical fiber 3 is 400 microns, and numerical aperture is 0.17, and operation wavelength may be selected to be 180 nanometers-3000 nanometer.
The absworption peak of described double clad thulium doped fiber 8 is 790 nanometers, and core diameter is that 27.5 microns, numerical aperture are 0.2, and the inner cladding cross section is that hexagon, collimation footpath are that 400 microns, numerical aperture are 0.46, and the surrounding layer diameter is 500 microns.It is petal etc. that the inner cladding shape of cross section of this doubly clad optical fiber 8 can also be chosen as circle, square, D shape or plum.The doping content of thulium ion is 2.5% weight ratio in doubly clad optical fiber 8 fibre cores, has also mixed a spot of Al3+ ion simultaneously.
As shown in Figure 1, the pump light that pumping source 1 is launched is focused to a roundlet spot by spherical lens 4 and non-spherical lens 5, through behind the dichroic mirror 6, has 51 watts pump light to be coupled into optical fiber approximately.Dichroic mirror 6 is coated with the Effect of Back-Cavity Mirror that 2 microns high-reflecting film (reflectivity〉99.7%) and the anti-reflection film of 790 nanometers (transmitance〉97%) have constituted laser.The pumping end of mixing thulium doubly clad optical fiber 8 is interfaced directly to (close as far as possible) on the chamber mirror 6.All rive perpendicular to axle in the two ends of doubly clad optical fiber 8, and careful grinding and buffing.When 1 pair of doubly clad optical fiber of pumping source 8 carries out vertical pumping, by the vibration frequency-selecting of resonant cavity, will produce the continuous laser about 2 microns in the chamber, a part wherein will be exported as continuous laser through output cavity mirror 11.
Outgoing mirror is made up of the fiber end face of reflectivity-variable lens 11 or output.Reflectivity-variable lens 11 can be adjustable continuously by three-dimensional platform 12 in the transmitance of 2 micron wave strong points.As long as at the horizontal direction translation three-dimensional platform 12 perpendicular to optical fiber, reflectivity-variable lens 11 can be reduced to 5% from 80% 2 microns transmitance.When only adopting fiber end face as outgoing mirror, 2 microns transmitance is about 96% (utilizing Fresnel reflection).
For efficiently radiates heat, it is heat sink that the two ends of mixing thulium doubly clad optical fiber 8 are close to the copper of water-cooled, and the mid portion of mixing thulium doubly clad optical fiber 8 is sandwiched between two copper sheets 9, by the cross-ventilation heat radiation, also can directly soak in water and carry out heat loss through conduction.
Figure 2 shows that thulium ion (Tm in the silica-based optical fibers
3+) simplification energy level schematic diagram.When pumping source 1 pumping thulium doped fiber 8, electronics is from ground state
3H
6Arrived higher excitation state by pumping
3H
4, arrive quasi-stable state by non-radiative relaxation then
3F
4, i.e. upper laser level.Electronics is from upper laser level
3F
4Transit to laser lower level
3H
6The time, will give off wavelength and be～2 microns photon.When 1 pair of this laser of laser diode pumping source carried out continuous pumping, the process of above-mentioned radiation photon was also even supervention is living, thus the feasible laser levels that go up
3F
4With following laser levels
3H
6Between produce the continuous laser radiation.
A germanium filter 13 (long wave pass filter) is placed on the output light path behind the chamber mirror 11, is used for the pump light of 790 nanometers that filtering do not absorbed fully.
Figure 3 shows that system shown in Figure 1 adopts three kinds of resulting experimental results of higher output transmitance, wherein used fiber lengths is 4 meters.The output transmitance of T=96% is that reflectivity-variable lens 11 are removed the back fully and done outgoing mirror and obtain with fiber end face.When T=96%, this laser system is that 5.9 watt-hours reach threshold value at pump light.When pump light is 51 watt-hours, peak power output is 32 watts, and laser center wavelength is 1949 nanometers, and slope efficiency is 69%, is equivalent to 1.7 quantum efficiency.High slope efficiency comes from high doping content, Al
3+The inhibition of transfer process and effective optical fiber cooling technology on the ion pair energy.When the output transmitance was T=80%, this laser system peak power output was 29.8 watts, and slope efficiency is 65%, and laser center wavelength is 1970 nanometers.When the output transmitance was T=60%, this laser system peak power output was 27.4 watts, and slope efficiency is 58%, and laser center wavelength is 1994 nanometers.In three kinds of output transmitances that adopted, power output illustrates that along with the linear growth of pump power power output can also promote as long as increase the power of pump light.
Adopt 11 pairs of wavelength of reflectivity-variable lens to carry out tuning experimental result as shown in Figure 4.As seen from the figure, along with the reduction of output transmitance, the laser peak wavelength moves to the long wave direction.When being gain media with 4 meters long optical fibers, when the transmitance of reflectivity-variable lens 11 when～96% is reduced to 5%, to 2055 nanometers, tuning range is 106 nanometers to optical maser wavelength from 1949 nanometer red shifts.This optical maser wavelength shows that with the near-linear variation relation of output transmitance for the thulium doped optical fiber laser system, we can obtain the optical maser wavelength wanted in certain wave band by changing its output transmitance fully.This phenomenon can explain that because in high-quality chamber (low transmission), the life-span of photon increases feasible the absorption again and increases by the absorption again of light, thus the optical maser wavelength red shift.
When we change the length of thulium doped fiber 8, the tuning range of optical maser wavelength is expanded.Long optical fibers will make red shift of wavelength, and short fiber will make wavelength blue shift.As shown in Figure 4,0.5 meter optical fiber makes the optical maser wavelength blue shift to 1866 nanometers, and 10 meters long optical fiber make the optical maser wavelength red shift to 2107 nanometers.In conjunction with the adjusting of different fiber lengths and reflectivity-variable lens 11, total wavelength tuning range of this laser system can reach 240 nanometers, and almost the interior power output of gamut is all greater than 10 watts.And the optical maser wavelength of 2107 nanometers is the longest output wavelengths that obtain with thulium-doped fiber laser.
Fig. 5 is a typical laser light spectrogram, and this spectrogram is to be that T=15%, power output are to record under 16 watts the condition with 4 meters long optical fibers in transmitance.This laser spectroscopy has halfwidth and a plurality of peak value of about 15 nanometers, illustrates that this laser system is operated in many longitudinal modes state.
This invention has showed that with the thulium doped fiber 8 of diode laser matrix 1 pumping high concentration, the wavelength that can obtain 32 watts is nearly 2 microns continuous wave multi-mode laser output.Because adopted high Tm
3+Ion doping concentration, suitable Al
3+Ion doping concentration and effective cooling technology make the slope efficiency of this laser system can reach 70% (with respect to the pump light of coupled into optical fibres).This invention has also been showed, utilizes 11 pairs of simple optical fibers of reflectivity-variable lens 8 to carry out wavelength tuning, and tuning range is greater than 100 nanometers, and operates on tens watts the high power levels.Showed also that at last in conjunction with different fiber lengths, the tuning range of this laser system can expand to 240 nanometers, the longest optical maser wavelength is 2107 nanometers.
Therefore, we showed in this invention is the thulium-doped fiber laser of laser diode-pumped, high power, wavelength tuning range broad, and this laser has broad application prospects in fields such as laser radar system, space exploration, long-range remote sensing, biomedicines.
Claims (6)
1, a kind of tunable thulium-doped fiber laser, be characterised in that its formation comprises: the pumping source (1) that places the diode laser matrix of the band output tail optical fiber (3) on the attemperating unit (2), this output tail optical fiber (3) is through spherical lens (4), non-spherical lens (5) and dichroic mirror (6) are coupled with the input of mixing thulium doubly clad optical fiber (8), this output of mixing thulium doubly clad optical fiber (8) is through reflectivity-variable lens (11) and germanium filter (13) output, described dichroic mirror (6) is as the Effect of Back-Cavity Mirror of resonant cavity, described reflectivity-variable lens (11) constitute the front cavity mirror of resonant cavity, described input and the output of mixing thulium doubly clad optical fiber (8) is respectively equipped with first attemperating unit (7) and second attemperating unit (10), and the mid portion of mixing thulium doubly clad optical fiber (8) places optical fiber heat abstractor (9), and described reflectivity-variable lens (11) are fixed on the three-dimensional regulation platform (12).
2, tunable thulium-doped fiber laser according to claim 1 is characterized in that described attemperating unit (2) is the water cooling temperature control system, guarantees that pump light wavelength and described absorbing wavelength of mixing thulium doubly clad optical fiber (8) core material adapt.
3, tunable thulium-doped fiber laser according to claim 1, it is characterized in that the numerical aperture of said spherical lens (4) and the numerical aperture coupling of described output tail optical fiber (3), the numerical aperture of non-spherical lens (5) and described numerical aperture coupling of mixing thulium doubly clad optical fiber (8).
4, tunable thulium-doped fiber laser according to claim 1 is characterized in that described first attemperating unit (7) and second attemperating unit (10) are that the red copper of water-cooled is heat sink.
5, tunable thulium-doped fiber laser according to claim 1 is characterized in that described optical fiber heat abstractor (9) is two copper sheets.
6, tunable thulium-doped fiber laser according to claim 1, the transmitance excursion radially that it is characterized in that 2 micron wavebands of described reflectivity-variable lens (11) is 80%～5%, if perpendicular to the horizontal direction translation three-dimensional regulation platform (12) of the described output of mixing thulium doubly clad optical fiber (8) to change the transmitance of fiber laser resonant cavity front cavity mirror.
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| CN102299475B (en) * | 2011-07-21 | 2012-08-08 | 西北大学 | Narrow-linewidth single-transverse mode hundred watt level 2 micron thulium doped fiber laser with all-fiber structure |
| CN103811985B (en) * | 2014-03-05 | 2017-01-18 | 中国科学院半导体研究所 | Miniature ErYb co-doped superfluorescent optical fiber light source |
| CN104242024A (en) * | 2014-08-22 | 2014-12-24 | 武汉锐科光纤激光器技术有限责任公司 | Light path system of optical fiber laser device |
| CN104638506B (en) * | 2015-02-14 | 2018-02-02 | 中国科学院苏州生物医学工程技术研究所 | A kind of 1.9 microns of high-power prostate laser therapeutic apparantus |
| CN106877128A (en) * | 2017-04-19 | 2017-06-20 | 江苏师范大学 | A kind of wavelength tunable solid laser being easily integrated |
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| Title |
|---|
| short tm3+-doped fiber lasers with watt-level output near 2 um. Yulong Tang et.al.CHINESE OPTICAL LETTERS,Vol.6 No.1. 2008 * |
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