CN100526865C - Method for framing images of detecting printing defect of winding drum package - Google Patents

Abstract

A method for framing defect detection-image of drum packing-printing includes making preliminary positioning as per color code searching region, seeking color code region and color code point, confirming detailed information of color code and detection mark label, quickly framing detection mark and analyzing framing-error.

Description

The method of framing images of detecting printing defect of winding drum package

Technical field

The invention belongs to the packages printing technical field of quality detection, relate to a kind of method of framing images of detecting printing defect of winding drum package.

Background technology

Along with the print speed printing speed of printing equipment improves constantly, bring up to per minute hundreds of rice from tens meters of original per minutes; Simultaneously, each enterprise is more and more higher to the requirement of printing packaging quality.Traditional manual detection can not satisfy the needs of modern production regardless of on still being quality from speed.For solving this difficult problem, people introduce the method for machine vision printed matter are carried out quality testing, the various press quality amount detection systems of abroad having produced, as: vision expert 4000, vision expert3000 that German machine vision expert produces; The beautiful Print-CAP series of producing of the eastern machine of Japan; BC0N2000, PSI-2000 that Japan NIERCO company produces.These equipment to mechanical property as: tension force, mechanical vibration etc. require than higher, and simultaneously the product false drop rate is high especially.Analyzing its reason is: the gordian technique that the machine vision printing defects detects is the framing contraposition of image, these equipment are handled image framing and are adopted the long constant amplitude of the width of cloth to cut or cursor sensor mark, they not only can't eliminate the influence to image framing of mechanical property, machine lifting speed, and can't eliminate the framing cumulative errors.

Summary of the invention

The objective of the invention is, a kind of method of framing images of detecting printing defect of winding drum package is provided, solve prior art and carry out framing and can't eliminate the problem that mechanical property, machine lifting speed are big to the influence of image framing, can't eliminate the framing cumulative errors.

The technical solution adopted in the present invention is that a kind of method of framing images of detecting printing defect of winding drum package is characterized in that: this method is implemented according to the following steps,

The Primary Location of A, colour code region of search

A1, cut-away view as f (i, j), truncated picture length should be greater than twice version girth,

I: represent line number 0≤i≤m-1

J: represent every capable number of pixels 0≤j≤n-1

A2, to f (i, j) carry out longitudinal projection and ask by row on average obtain function f ' (j)

$f^{,}\left(j\right)=\frac{1}{m}\underset{i=0}{\overset{m-1}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}f(i,j)$

Wherein, f ' (j): the mean value m of j row longitudinal projection: picturedeep, a3, to function f ' (j) ask threshold value to obtain:

The f threshold: threshold value, n: the columns of image,

A4, determine border, the left and right sides, colour code zone

From left to right seek f ' negative edge (j), at falling edge, if f threshold 〉=f ' (j), thinks that then this classifies the left margin of printed matter as; In like manner, seek f ' negative edge (j) from right to left, at falling edge, if f threshold 〉=f ' (j), thinks that then this classifies the right margin of printed matter as;

B, searching colour code zone and colour code point:

Search for toward both sides from the border, the left and right sides of image and to find the colour code zone,

B1, cut,

A border with image is a starting point, and cutting width is W=colour code length ÷ pixels across resolution, and cutoff length is V=(the vertical pixel resolution of printed matter version girth ÷) * 2.1,

B2, projection,

The new image that cuts is carried out transverse projection, obtains one dimension projection function f ' (i),

$f^{,}\left(i\right)=\underset{i=0}{\overset{w}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}f(i,j)$

B3, searching candidate colour code point,

In the district that descends:

If f ' (i-1)-f ' (i) 12*W

Then i is a drop point, search for adjacent all drop points and storage successively and descend and to count and the position,

First drop point promptly is an edge of candidate's colour code,

In the flat region:

If f ' (i-1)-f ' (i)≤12*W,

Then i is a flat spot,

In the rising area:

If f ' (i)-f ' (i-1) 12*W,

Then i-1 is a rising point, searches for all rising points successively and stores to rise and count and the position, and last rising point promptly is another edge of candidate's colour code,

B4, in above-mentioned steps b3, if fail to find candidate's colour code point, repeat above-mentioned steps b1～step b3, with cut the position move to right cut width half,

B5, judgement colour code

Candidate's colour code is pressed following principle judgement finds out real colour code point:

B5.1: colour code height≤colour code physical height ÷ CCD longitudinal frame+3,

Trapezoidal and triangle colour code are taken advantage of 2 as its width with quick decline line number,

B5.2: the spacing between the neighboring candidate colour code point of the b5.1 that satisfies condition is,

1～3 times ± 3 of colour code spacing ÷ CCD longitudinal frame,

From first candidate's colour code point, in 3 times+6 scope of colour code spacing ÷ CCD longitudinal frame, search for, can not find the follow-up candidate's colour code point that satisfies this condition, then this candidate's colour code point is not that colour code should be got rid of;

When finding the candidate's colour code point that satisfies above-mentioned condition, these two points are called doubtful colour code point, should continue to search since second doubtful colour code point, till can not find doubtful colour code point, at this moment find out the number and the position of doubtful colour code point, these doubtful colour code points are called doubtful sets of color patches;

If can not find doubtful sets of color patches, during the combination of the doubtful colour code point of condition, get back to step b1 and re-execute above perhaps satisfying, will cut the position and move to right and 30 be listed as,

B5.3: continue above-mentioned search, find out other one group of doubtful sets of color patches, two groups of doubtful sets of color patches are compared, when mating fully, check whether distance equals an edition girth ± 8 between the corresponding colour code of adjacent doubtful sets of color patches as if two groups, if, the doubtful colour code point that finds is a colour code, and then two group length are the same, reject the doubtful colour code of no corresponding doubtful colour code point in two groups of doubtful sets of color patches, remaining promptly is colour code

If aforesaid operations do not have the sets of color patches that satisfies condition, get back to step b1 and re-execute, will cut position 30 row that move to right;

C, the details of determining colour code and inspection mark mark:

The initial row and the termination row of the sets of color patches of determining according to the last step carry out secondary and cut the figure that cuts that finds colour code among the step B, and the mode of cutting is: be listed as constant, initial row-5, termination row+5 form a width of cloth and newly scheme,

C1, the new figure that cuts that the last step was obtained do longitudinal projection, and its projection result has only three kinds of situations: colour code takes over, colour code is taken back or colour code just in time in the centre of cropped area,

By searching of step B,, find the left end point of colour code from " colour code takes over " to the bar shaped colour code; " colour code is taken back " finds the right endpoint of colour code; " colour code is placed in the middle " think and cut the physical location that the position is a colour code,

To trapezoidal or triangle colour code, find the left end point of colour code during to " colour code takes over ", to the situation of " colour code is taken back " and " colour code is placed in the middle ", obtain the new figure that cuts to cutting figure to 0.25 * (the colour code length ÷ pixels across resolution) row that move to left, to its longitudinal projection, find out its left end point

Major part at the trapezoidal of right side or triangle colour code, is found out right endpoint, and processing mode is the same, calculates the width of another one end points and colour code according to the end points of finding out, colour code width, longitudinal frame,

C2, according to the initial and final position of end points, width, two groups of colour codes, the mode of b1 cuts set by step, calculates a version girth according to corresponding colour code, asks the mean value of edition girth, finds out in the colour code the most tangible colour code of grey scale change as later framing colour code

D, quick inspection mark framing:

The information of the colour code that obtained according to the last step, the colour code zone to images acquired cuts again, carries out transverse projection again, finds out the extreme point of framing colour code, is exactly the framing position

E, framing error analysis, promptly finish framing to image:

The framing error that causes for shape type colour code, when colour code transverse projection function flat site is counted to even number, in the middle of getting 2 make the capable caused error of framing more arbitrarily, its error be ± 1/2 capable; The framing error that causes for trapezoidal and triangle colour code, when colour code transverse projection function descends when counting to even number fast, in the middle of getting 2 make the capable caused error of framing more arbitrarily, its error be ± 1/2 to go.

The invention has the beneficial effects as follows, solved existing printing defects pick-up unit and can't eliminate the influence of mechanical property, machine lifting speed, eliminated the problem of framing cumulative errors image framing.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the bar shaped colour code sample synoptic diagram that line array CCD is gathered;

Fig. 2 is the trapezoidal colour code sample synoptic diagram that line array CCD is gathered;

Fig. 3 is a new images transverse projection synoptic diagram;

Fig. 4 is the colour code synoptic diagram that cuts;

Fig. 5 is a bar shaped colour code perspective view;

Fig. 6 is trapezoidal or triangle colour code perspective view.

Embodiment

The present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments.

Image framing is the basis of Flame Image Process, and the whether accurate correct and complexity of handling to Flame Image Process of image framing plays conclusive effect.Image framing will solve the problem of two aspects: the firstth, and the witness marker of image framing, the sign of periodicity repetition just: from the mechanism of printing, be accurately chromatography and convenient accurately to version, each look version rod all has colour code mark (seeing Fig. 1 left side), concerning printed matter, the integer width of cloth and the length that between the identical colour code must be the target printed matter is fixed (seeing Fig. 1 fine rule mark), is rational so we do the framing mark to colour code.The secondth, framing is accurately with quick: reasonably the framing method determines the speed of framing; The accuracy of suitable segmentation threshold decision framing.

1., the bar shaped colour code in addition, according to existing printing standard, the colour code shape of employing has only three kinds:: as shown in Figure 1; 2., trapezoidal colour code: as shown in Figure 2; 3., triangle colour code: it is similar to trapezoidal colour code; For off-gauge colour code, as long as extract its feature, the present invention also is suitable for.

From these two aspects, image framing method of the present invention is done one describes in detail:

Definition: for two dimensional image we can use f (i j) represents the pixel value of each pixel, wherein:

I: represent line number 0≤i≤m-1

J: represent every capable number of pixels (columns) 0≤j≤n-1

The matrix of m * n is exactly the size of piece image.Be equivalent to three width of cloth gray level images for coloured image.

The Primary Location of A, colour code region of search,

From the characteristics of printed matter, overprint color indicates two kinds of horizontally-arranged and vertical setting of types, and our emphasis is discussed the situation of colour code vertical setting of types at this.For chromatography colour code horizontally-arranged is that image carries out when cutting from top to bottom, and other roughly the same.The vertical setting of types colour code all is the both sides that are placed on printing, according to these characteristics, can adopt longitudinal projection to determine the colour code region fast.Locator meams is as follows:

A1, cut-away view as f (i, j)

Truncated picture length should be greater than twice version girth (version girth * 2.1),

A2, to f (i, j) carry out longitudinal projection and ask by row on average obtain function f ' (j)

$f^{,}\left(j\right)=\frac{1}{m}\underset{i=0}{\overset{m-1}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}f(i,j)$

F ' is (j): the mean value m of j row longitudinal projection: picturedeep

A3, to function f ' (j) ask threshold value to obtain:

F threshold: threshold value, n: the columns of image

A4, determine border, the left and right sides, colour code zone

From left to right seek f ' negative edge (j), at falling edge, if f threshold 〉=f ' (j), can think that then this classifies the left margin of printed matter as.In like manner, seek f ' negative edge (j) from right to left, at falling edge, if f threshold 〉=f ' (j), can think that then this classifies the right margin of printed matter as.

Annotate: border, the left and right sides might be judged inaccurate to some printed patterns, and it can not work as image-region to the colour code zone, and it is just as a kind of qualitative normative reference simultaneously.

B, searching colour code zone and colour code point

From the printed matter characteristics, colour code only may be on the border, the left and right sides of image-region, and we are to search at the right margin of image-region by colour code as long as just can find the colour code zone from the border, the left and right sides of image toward the both sides search below.

B1, cut

We are starting point with the right margin of image, and cutting width is W=colour code length ÷ pixels across resolution.Cutoff length is V=(the vertical pixel resolution of printed matter version girth ÷) * 2.1.So constitute the new image of a width of cloth.

B2, projection

As shown in Figure 3, the new image (the supposition width is the W pixel) that cuts is carried out transverse projection, can obtain one dimension projection function f ' (i).

$f^{,}\left(i\right)=\underset{i=0}{\overset{w}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}f(i,j)$

B3, searching candidate colour code point (candidate colour code point: the point that may be colour code)

For the bar shaped colour code, if colour code drops on the one's respective area, it must be f ' extreme point and declines earlier of projection value experience, flat region (may not exist), the process of rising again (i); For triangle and trapezoidal colour code,, it only experiences slow decline fast rise or the slowly process of rising that descends fast though being f ' extreme point (i).

The district descends

If f ' (i-1)-f ' (i) 12*W

Then i is a drop point, searches for adjacent all drop points and storage successively and descends and to count and the position

First drop point promptly is an edge of candidate's colour code

The flat region

If f ' (i-1)-f ' (i)≤12*W

Then i is a flat spot

The rising area

If f ' (i)-f ' (i-1) 12*W

Then i-1 is a rising point, searches for all rising points successively and stores to rise and count and the position, and last rising point promptly is another edge of candidate's colour code.

Annotate: by the above-mentioned position and height that can draw candidate's colour code point of searching.

Annotate:, can determine that colour code is bar shaped or trapezoidal or triangle (trapezoidal and triangle is classified as a class) according to the characteristic of colour code grey scale change.Can determine broadside up still down for trapezoidal and triangle, make mark at this.

B4, in above-mentioned steps b3, if fail to find candidate's colour code point, repeat above-mentioned steps b1～step b3, just cut half (W/2) that the position moves to right and cuts width.

B5, judgement colour code

Candidate's colour code is pressed following principle judgement finds out real colour code point:

B5.1: the colour code height (unit: line number)≤colour code physical height ÷ CCD longitudinal frame+3

Annotate: trapezoidal and triangle colour code are taken advantage of 2 as its width with quick decline line number.

B5.2: the spacing between the neighboring candidate colour code point of the b5.1 that satisfies condition (unit: line number) be:

1～3 times ± 3 of colour code spacing ÷ CCD longitudinal frame.

From first candidate's colour code point, in 3 times+6 scope of colour code spacing ÷ CCD longitudinal frame, search for, can not find the follow-up candidate's colour code point that satisfies this condition, then this candidate's colour code point is not that colour code should be got rid of.When finding the candidate's colour code point (two points: be called doubtful colour code point) that satisfies above-mentioned condition, should continue to search since second doubtful colour code point, till can not find doubtful colour code point.At this moment, can find out the number and the position (these doubtful colour code points are called doubtful sets of color patches) of doubtful colour code point.If can not find doubtful sets of color patches (combination of the doubtful colour code point of condition above satisfying), get back to step b1 and re-execute, just cut the position and move to right and 30 be listed as.

B5.3: continue above-mentioned search, find out other one group of doubtful sets of color patches.Two groups of doubtful sets of color patches are compared, when mating fully, check whether distance equals an edition girth ± 8 between the corresponding colour code of adjacent doubtful sets of color patches as if two groups; If the doubtful colour code point that finds is a colour code; Then two group length are the same.Reject the doubtful colour code of no corresponding doubtful colour code point in two groups of doubtful sets of color patches, remaining promptly is colour code.If aforesaid operations do not have the sets of color patches that satisfies condition, get back to step b1 and re-execute, just cut position 30 row that move to right.

As shown in Figure 4, the colour code figure for cutting by top method.

C, the details of determining colour code and inspection mark mark.

By the processing of above-mentioned steps B, we know the general initial row and the termination row of sets of color patches, and the figure that cuts that finds colour code among the above-mentioned steps B is carried out secondary and cuts.The mode of cutting is: be listed as constant, initial row-5, termination row+5 form a width of cloth and newly scheme.

C1, the new figure that cuts is done longitudinal projection, its projection result has only three kinds of situations: colour code takes over, and colour code is taken back, and colour code is just in time in the centre of cropped area.

As shown in Figure 5, rapid for its shade of gray variation of projection result of three kinds of situations of bar shaped colour code, in two or three pixels, reach stationary value.

As shown in Figure 6, for projection result trapezoidal or three kinds of situations of triangle colour code, its shade of gray changes slower, in whole colour code scope, all changing, rapid decline is just arranged or sharply rise (diagram major part on the left side) when running into major part, adopt transverse projection central point framing jumpy.

By searching of above-mentioned steps B, our known road colour code shape, to the bar shaped colour code, " colour code takes over " can find the left end point of colour code from Fig. 5; " colour code is taken back " can find the right endpoint of colour code; " colour code is placed in the middle " can be thought and cut the physical location that the position is a colour code.To trapezoidal or triangle colour code, only in Fig. 5, under the situation of " colour code takes over ", just can find the left end point of colour code; To the situation of " colour code is taken back " and " colour code is placed in the middle ", must obtain the new figure that cuts to 0.25 * (the colour code length ÷ pixels across resolution) row that move to left to cutting figure, to its longitudinal projection, find out its left end point.At the trapezoidal of the right side or triangle colour code, must find out right endpoint to major part, processing mode is the same.Can calculate the width of another one end points and colour code according to the end points of finding out, colour code width, longitudinal frame.

C2, according to the initial and final position of end points, width, two groups of colour codes, the mode of b1 cuts set by step, calculates a version girth according to corresponding colour code, asks the mean value of edition girth.Find out in the colour code the most tangible colour code of grey scale change as later framing colour code.

D, quick inspection mark framing

Calculating by top step C, all information of our known road colour code, the colour code zone that follow-up inspection mark framing needs only images acquired cuts, and carries out transverse projection again, the extreme point of finding out the framing colour code is exactly the framing position, has so just realized framing quick and precisely.

E, framing error analysis

Cause the framing reasons of error to be for the bar shaped colour code: when colour code transverse projection function flat site is counted to even number, 2 (real extreme point should be 2 centre) more arbitrarily makes the capable caused error of framing in the middle of getting, and its error is ± 1/2 row.Cause the framing reasons of error to be for trapezoidal and triangle colour code: when the quick decline of colour code transverse projection function is counted to even number, 2 (real best framing point should be 2 centre) more arbitrarily makes the capable caused error of framing in the middle of getting, and its error is ± 1/2 row.

With framing method of the present invention and other two kinds of different printing defects detection system framing methods, (horizontal: 0.2mm to image on same rewinding machine according to acquisition resolution; Vertically: 0.4mm), carry out raising speed, reduction of speed, tension variation, the no framing correction of long distance (detection cumulative errors) control experiment, result such as table one:

Wherein: vision expert 4000 (adopting the specific identity identification sensor); BC0N2000 (adopting the long constant amplitude of the width of cloth to cut framing); KSZJ3000 (adopting framing method of the present invention).

From present embodiment as can be seen, adopt framing method of the present invention can overcome machine raising speed, reduction of speed, tension variation, long, realize the quick and accurate of printing defects detection system framing apart from the influence of no framing correction to the printing defects detection system.

Claims (1)

1, a kind of method of framing images of detecting printing defect of winding drum package is characterized in that: this method is implemented according to the following steps,

The Primary Location of A, colour code region of search

A1, cut-away view as f (i, j), truncated picture length should be greater than twice version girth,

I: represent line number 0≤i≤m-1

J: represent every capable number of pixels 0≤j≤n-1

a ₂, to f (i, j) carry out longitudinal projection and ask by row on average obtain function f ' (j)

$f^{,}\left(j\right)=\frac{1}{m}\underset{i=0}{\overset{m-1}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}f(i,j)$

Wherein, f ' (j): the mean value m of j row longitudinal projection: picturedeep, a3, to function f ' (j) ask threshold value to obtain:

The f threshold: threshold value, n: the columns of image,

A4, determine border, the left and right sides, colour code zone

From left to right seek f ' negative edge (j), at falling edge, if f threshold 〉=f ' (j), thinks that then this classifies the left margin of printed matter as; In like manner, seek f ' negative edge (j) from right to left, at falling edge, if f threshold 〉=f ' (j), thinks that then this classifies the right margin of printed matter as;

B, searching colour code zone and colour code point:

Search for toward both sides from the border, the left and right sides of image and to find the colour code zone,

B1, cut,

A border with image is a starting point, and cutting width is W=colour code length ÷ pixels across resolution, and cutoff length is V=(the vertical pixel resolution of printed matter version girth ÷) * 2.1,

B2, projection,

The new image that cuts is carried out transverse projection, obtains one dimension projection function f ' (i),

$f^{,}\left(i\right)=\underset{i=0}{\overset{W}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}f(i,j)$

B3, searching candidate colour code point,

In the district that descends:

If f ' (i-1)-f ' (i) 12*W

Then i is a drop point, search for adjacent all drop points and storage successively and descend and to count and the position,

First drop point promptly is an edge of candidate's colour code,

In the flat region:

If f ' (i-1)-f ' (i)≤12*W,

Then i is a flat spot,

In the rising area:

If f ' (i)-f ' (i-1) 12*W,

Then i-1 is a rising point, searches for all rising points successively and stores to rise and count and the position, and last rising point promptly is another edge of candidate's colour code,

B4, in above-mentioned steps b3, if fail to find candidate's colour code point, repeat above-mentioned steps b1～step b3, with cut the position move to right cut width half,

B5, judgement colour code

Candidate's colour code is pressed following principle judgement finds out real colour code point:

B5.1: colour code height≤colour code physical height ÷ CCD longitudinal frame+3,

Trapezoidal and triangle colour code are taken advantage of 2 as its width with quick decline line number,

B5.2: the spacing between the neighboring candidate colour code point of the b5.1 that satisfies condition is,

1～3 times ± 3 of colour code spacing ÷ CCD longitudinal frame,

From first candidate's colour code point, in 3 times+6 scope of colour code spacing ÷ CCD longitudinal frame, search for, can not find the follow-up candidate's colour code point that satisfies this condition, then this candidate's colour code point is not that colour code should be got rid of;

When finding the candidate's colour code point that satisfies above-mentioned condition, these two points are called doubtful colour code point, should continue to search since second doubtful colour code point, till can not find doubtful colour code point, at this moment find out the number and the position of doubtful colour code point, these doubtful colour code points are called doubtful sets of color patches;

If can not find doubtful sets of color patches, during the combination of the doubtful colour code point of condition, get back to step b1 and re-execute above perhaps satisfying, will cut the position and move to right and 30 be listed as,

B5.3: continue above-mentioned search, find out other one group of doubtful sets of color patches, two groups of doubtful sets of color patches are compared, when mating fully, check whether distance equals an edition girth ± 8 between the corresponding colour code of adjacent doubtful sets of color patches as if two groups, if, the doubtful colour code point that finds is a colour code, and then two group length are the same, reject the doubtful colour code of no corresponding doubtful colour code point in two groups of doubtful sets of color patches, remaining promptly is colour code

If aforesaid operations do not have the sets of color patches that satisfies condition, get back to step b1 and re-execute, will cut position 30 row that move to right;

C, the details of determining colour code and inspection mark mark:

The initial row and the termination row of the sets of color patches of determining according to the last step carry out secondary and cut the figure that cuts that finds colour code among the step B, and the mode of cutting is: be listed as constant, initial row-5, termination row+5 form a width of cloth and newly scheme,

C1, the new figure that cuts that the last step was obtained do longitudinal projection, and its projection result has only three kinds of situations: colour code takes over, colour code is taken back or colour code just in time in the centre of cropped area,

By searching of step B,, find the left end point of colour code from " colour code takes over " to the bar shaped colour code; " colour code is taken back " finds the right endpoint of colour code; " colour code is placed in the middle " think and cut the physical location that the position is a colour code,

To trapezoidal or triangle colour code, find the left end point of colour code during to " colour code takes over ", to the situation of " colour code is taken back " and " colour code is placed in the middle ", obtain the new figure that cuts to cutting figure to 0.25 * (the colour code length ÷ pixels across resolution) row that move to left, to its longitudinal projection, find out its left end point

Major part at the trapezoidal of right side or triangle colour code, is found out right endpoint, and processing mode is the same, calculates the width of another one end points and colour code according to the end points of finding out, colour code width, longitudinal frame,

C2, according to the initial and final position of end points, width, two groups of colour codes, the mode of b1 cuts set by step, calculates a version girth according to corresponding colour code, asks the mean value of edition girth, finds out in the colour code the most tangible colour code of grey scale change as later framing colour code;

D, quick inspection mark framing:

The information of the colour code that obtained according to the last step, the colour code zone to images acquired cuts again, carries out transverse projection again, finds out the extreme point of framing colour code, is exactly the framing position;

E, framing error analysis, promptly finish framing to image:

The framing error that causes for shape type colour code, when colour code transverse projection function flat site is counted to even number, in the middle of getting 2 make the capable caused error of framing more arbitrarily, its error be ± 1/2 capable; The framing error that causes for trapezoidal and triangle colour code, when colour code transverse projection function descends when counting to even number fast, in the middle of getting 2 make the capable caused error of framing more arbitrarily, its error be ± 1/2 to go.

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