A kind of pipe design that makes full use of the integrated fuel cell pile space
Technical field
The present invention relates to fuel cell, the collecting plate of integrated fuel cell design of relate in particular to a kind of compact conformation, being convenient to install.
Background technology
Electrochemical fuel cell is a kind of device that hydrogen fuel and oxidant can be changed into electric energy and product.The internal core parts of this device are membrane electrode (Membrane Electrode Assembly are called for short MEA), and membrane electrode (MEA) is made up of as carbon paper a proton exchange membrane, two porous conductive materials of film two sides folder.The catalyst that contains the initiation electrochemical reaction of even tiny dispersion on two boundary faces of film and carbon paper is as the metal platinum catalyst.The electronics that the membrane electrode both sides can will take place to generate in the electrochemical reaction process with conductive body is drawn by external circuit, constitutes current circuit.
At the anode tap of membrane electrode, fuel can pass porousness diffusion material (carbon paper) by infiltration, and electrochemical reaction takes place on catalyst surface, lose electronics, form cation, cation can pass proton exchange membrane by migration, arrives the other end cathode terminal of membrane electrode.At the cathode terminal of membrane electrode, contain the gas of oxidant (as oxygen), as air, pass porousness diffusion material (carbon paper), and the generation electrochemical reaction obtains electronics on catalyst surface, forms anion by infiltration.The cation of coming in the anion and the anode tap migration of cathode terminal formation reacts, and forms product.
Adopting hydrogen is fuel, and the air that contains oxygen is in the Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells of oxidant (or pure oxygen is an oxidant), and fuel hydrogen has just produced hydrogen cation (or being proton) in the catalytic electrochemical reaction of anode region.Proton exchange membrane helps the hydrogen cation to move to the cathodic region from the anode region.In addition, proton exchange membrane is separated the air-flow and the oxygen containing air-flow of hydrogen fuel, they can not mixed mutually and produces explosion type reaction.
In the cathodic region, oxygen obtains electronics on catalyst surface, forms anion, and moves the hydrogen cation reaction of coming, reaction of formation product water with the anode region.In the Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells that adopts hydrogen, air (oxygen), anode reaction and cathode reaction can be expressed in order to following equation:
Anode reaction: H
2→ 2H
++ 2e
Cathode reaction: 1/2O
2+ 2H
++ 2e → H
2O
In typical Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells, membrane electrode (MEA) generally all is placed in the middle of the pole plate of two conductions, and quarter is milled by die casting, punching press or machinery in the surface that every block of flow guiding electrode plate contacts with membrane electrode, and formation is the guiding gutter of one or more at least.These flow guiding electrode plates can be the pole plates of metal material, also can be the pole plates of graphite material.Water conservancy diversion duct on these flow guiding electrode plates and guiding gutter import fuel and oxidant the anode region and the cathodic region on membrane electrode both sides respectively.In the structure of a Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells monocell, only there is a membrane electrode, the membrane electrode both sides are respectively the guide plate of anode fuel and the guide plate of cathode oxidant.These guide plates are both as the current collector motherboard, also as the mechanical support on membrane electrode both sides, guiding gutter on the guide plate acts as a fuel again and enters the passage of anode, cathode surface with oxidant, and as the passage of taking away the water that generates in the fuel cell operation process.
In order to increase the gross power of whole Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells, two or more monocells can be connected into battery pack or be unified into battery pack by the mode that tiles usually by straight folded mode.In straight folded, in-line battery pack, can there be guiding gutter on the two sides of a pole plate, and wherein one side can be used as the anode guide face of a membrane electrode, and another side can be used as the cathode diversion face of another adjacent membranes electrode, and this pole plate is called bipolar plates.A series of monocell connects together by certain way and forms a battery pack.Battery pack tightens together by front end-plate, end plate and pull bar usually and becomes one.
A typical battery stack generally includes: the water conservancy diversion import and the flow-guiding channel of (1) fuel and oxidant gas are distributed to fuel (as hydrogen, methyl alcohol or the hydrogen-rich gas that obtained by methyl alcohol, natural gas, gasoline) and oxidant (mainly being oxygen or air) in the guiding gutter of each anode, cathode plane equably after reforming; (2) import and export and the flow-guiding channel of cooling fluid (as water) are evenly distributed to cooling fluid in each battery pack inner cooling channel, the heat absorption that hydrogen in the fuel cell, the exothermic reaction of oxygen electrochemistry are generated and take battery pack out of after dispel the heat; (3) outlet of fuel and oxidant gas and corresponding flow-guiding channel, fuel gas and oxidant gas are when discharging, and portability goes out the liquid that generates in the fuel cell, the water of steam state.Usually, the import and export of all fuel, oxidant, cooling fluid are all opened on the end plate of fuel battery or on two end plates.
Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells both can be used as the dynamical system of delivery vehicles such as car, ship, can be used as movable type or stationary power generation station again.
Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells is generally assembled by serial or parallel connection by several monocells becomes fuel cell pack together.
Six (or less than six) pod apertures are generally all arranged on the guide plate of fuel-cell single-cell and the three-in-one electrode, these six pod apertures are respectively fuel (hydrogen) imports, fuel (hydrogen) outlet, oxidant (air) import, oxidant (air) outlet, cooling fluid (water) import, cooling fluid (water) outlet.After the guide plate of several fuel-cell single-cells and three-in-one electrode be assembled into fuel cell pack, above guide plate and six pod apertures above the three-in-one electrode just constitute six flow-guiding channels in the fuel cell pack, these six flow-guiding channels are unified to lead oxidant (air) respectively and are entered, by this flow-guiding channel oxidant (air) is evenly distributed on the guide plate of each monocell, and on electrode, react, product water that reaction generates and excessive oxidant (air), unified oxidant (air) passing away that is pooled in the fuel cell pack, other are respectively to lead fuel (hydrogen) admission passage, fuel (hydrogen) compiles passing away, conduction cooling is fluid (water) admission passage but, and cooling fluid (water) compiles passing away.
The engineering design of fuel cell pack at present generally directly is pooled to top six flow-guiding channels on the same panel of fuel cell pack front end, also have top six flow-guiding channels are pooled to respectively on two panels of fuel cell pack front and back ends, for example every panel of front and back ends compiles three passages respectively.All six passages of fuel cell pack that the former designing technique produces all are integrated on the same panel, and six passages of fuel cell pack that latter's designing technique produces are integrated on forward and backward two panels.
Unified six major paths that are integrated and connected into are all carried out in import, the outlet of all oxidants (air) on several (more than 2) fuel cell packs, fuel (hydrogen), cooling fluid (water).Oxidant (air) in this six major path, fuel (hydrogen), cooling fluid (water) are evenly distributed to each fuel cell pack, and the oxidant in each fuel cell pack (air), fuel (hydrogen), cooling fluid are discharged also unified being pooled on the major path that oxidant (air), fuel (hydrogen), cooling fluid (water) in this six major path go out, make several fuel cell stack operation conditions all homogeneous phase with.The integrated technology of this several fuel cell packs is generally realized by the following method: several fuel cell packs are arranged in the fuel cell pack array, at the other six big fluid lines that are provided with respectively of array, for example, the large pipeline bifurcated that oxidant (air) advances goes out several even ramuscule pipes, every ramuscule pipe advances to be connected with oxidant (air) in each fuel cell pack, all the other five large pipelines each bifurcated too go out several even ramuscule pipes, are connected with corresponding same fluid in each fuel cell pack.
The at present this integrated panel designs of fuel battery flow guiding passage and a plurality of fuel cell pack integrated technology of generally carrying out has following defective:
(1), six flow-guiding channels directly is pooled on the same panel of fuel cell pack front end, flow-guiding channel in the fuel cell pack is just corresponding very long, be easy to generate fluid resistance, cause the bigger pressure loss, and then cause skewness in fluid each monocell in battery pile, cause each monocell performance difference.
(2), six flow-guiding channels in the fuel cell pack are pooled to respectively on two panels of fuel cell pack front and back ends, for example, the every panel in front and back end compiles three passages respectively, technological deficiency is also arranged, this design makes the flow-guiding channel import and export respectively in the front and back end, and forcing pipeline to connect can't concentrate together, and is dispersed in two, when fuel cell was used as vehicle-mounted or boat-carrying dynamical system, pipeline disperseed to be unfavorable for the setting of battery.
(3), the unified six big fluid passages that are integrated and connected into are carried out in import, the outlet of all air on several fuel cell packs, hydrogen, cooling water, bifurcated goes out the method that the fluid turnover in several even ramuscule pipes and each fuel cell pack is connected again, its technological deficiency, be because pipeline is too many, be easy to generate seepage, and congested problem is very outstanding, therefore causes design and very difficulty is installed.
" a kind of integral type fuel battery " (application for a patent for invention number: 02136045.6 has been invented by Shenli Science and Technology Co Ltd, Shanghai, utility application number: 02265512.3), this integral type fuel battery comprises at least two group fuel cell packs and a collector plate composition, be provided with in the described collector plate and always advance the hydrogen passage, always advance cooling-water duct, always advance air duct, always go out air duct, always go out cooling-water duct, always go out the hydrogen passage, be respectively equipped with in these overall channels at least one perpendicular communicate advance the hydrogen passage, prop up cooling-water duct, prop up air duct, the expenditure air duct, the expenditure cooling-water duct, expenditure hydrogen passage, these subchannels pass in and out the fluid passage accordingly with each fuel cell and are connected; Each fluid passage of described collector plate is on the zones of different or different aspects in the same block of plate, and crossfire not mutually; Described fuel cell pack comprises at least one group of monocell, both positive and negative polarity flow-collection mother-board, two bottom end plates; The bottom end plate secure fit of described collector plate and each battery pile constitutes an integral type fuel battery.
When fuel cells carry out the integrated form installation more than four groups or four groups, need fix encapsulation, will leave big slit in the middle of the pile, cause waste with end plate.
Summary of the invention
Purpose of the present invention is exactly the pipe design that makes full use of the integrated fuel cell pile space that a kind of compact conformation is provided, is convenient to install for the defective that overcomes above-mentioned prior art existence.
Purpose of the present invention can be achieved through the following technical solutions: a kind of pipe design that makes full use of the integrated fuel cell pile space, it is characterized in that, this design comprises the incoming air conduit road, advance hydrogen pipeline, advance the cooling fluid pipeline, the outgoing air conduit road, go out hydrogen pipeline, go out the cooling fluid pipeline, four groups or four groups of above fuel cell packs, end plate, be provided with central collector plate in the middle of the above fuel cell pack of described four groups or four groups and carry out integrated encapsulation, form the slit vertical with central collector plate, the incoming air conduit road, advance hydrogen pipeline, advancing the cooling fluid pipeline is connected on the central collector plate from central collector plate same joint measurement crack or slit, both sides respectively, draw from central collector plate two ends on the outgoing air conduit road, be provided with collector plate before the described end plate, go out hydrogen pipeline and go out the collector plate of cooling fluid pipeline before each end plate to draw or draw from central collector plate one or both ends.
Described incoming air conduit road is a rectangular tube, and this rectangular tube height is suitable with fuel cell pack, and width is suitable with the integrated fuel cell pile intermediate gap.
Described incoming air conduit road is a rectangular tube, and this rectangular tube adopts the deformable joints of hemispherical dome or old name for the Arabian countries in the Middle East's ground circle to be connected with round tube after going out pile, and its cross-sectional area is identical with respective circular pipe cross-sectional area.
Described to advance hydrogen pipeline, advance the cooling fluid pipeline be round tube, and this advances hydrogen pipeline, advance the cooling fluid pipeline passes from slit, opposite, incoming air conduit road or in the incoming air conduit road and be connected on the central collector plate.
The above fuel cell pack of described four groups or four groups is located at the two sides of central collector plate and clamps and the common central collector plate, with end plate by the screw rod battery pile that is fixedly clamped, thereby constitute integral type fuel battery.
Compared with prior art, the present invention is arranged on the middle place, slit of integrated form pile with influent stream body pipeline, makes full use of the pile space, and compact conformation is convenient to install.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of existing fuel cell;
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of the fuel cell of the embodiment of the invention 1;
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of the fuel cell of the embodiment of the invention 2;
Fig. 4 is the structural representation of the fuel cell of the embodiment of the invention 3.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the invention will be further described.
Embodiment 1
As shown in Figure 2, the pipe design that makes full use of the space that forms between the integrated fuel cell pile of a kind of 50KW~100KW, it comprises four groups of fuel cell pack A, B, C, D (A wherein, C group and B, D organizes left-right symmetric) and a central collector plate E, four groups of fuel cell packs are located at the two sides of central collector plate and clamp and the common central collector plate, with end plate 7 by screw rod 9 battery pile that is fixedly clamped, thereby formation integral type fuel battery, when carrying out integrated encapsulation, form the slit vertical with central collector plate, incoming air conduit road 1, advance hydrogen pipeline 3, advancing cooling fluid pipeline 3 is connected on the central collector plate from these both sides, central authorities collector plate slit respectively, draw from central collector plate two ends on outgoing air conduit road 4, be provided with collector plate 8 before the described end plate 7, go out the collector plate of hydrogen pipeline 6 before each end plate and draw, go out cooling fluid pipeline 5 and draw from central collector plate two ends.Described incoming air conduit road is a rectangular tube, and this rectangular tube height is suitable with fuel cell pack, and width is suitable with the integrated fuel cell pile intermediate gap.Describedly advance hydrogen pipeline 3, advance cooling fluid pipeline 2 and be round tube, this advances hydrogen pipeline, advance the cooling fluid pipeline is connected on the central collector plate from slit, opposite, incoming air conduit road.
Described incoming air conduit road is a rectangular tube, and this rectangular tube adopts the deformable joints of hemispherical dome or old name for the Arabian countries in the Middle East's ground circle to be connected with round tube after going out pile, and its cross-sectional area is identical with respective circular pipe cross-sectional area.
Describedly advance hydrogen pipeline, advance the cooling fluid pipeline and also can be arranged in the incoming air conduit road.
Embodiment 2
As shown in Figure 3, the pipe design that makes full use of the integrated fuel cell pile space of a kind of 50KW~100KW, it comprises four groups of fuel cell pack A, B, C, D (A wherein, C group and B, D organizes left-right symmetric) and a central collector plate E, four groups of fuel cell packs are located at the two sides of central collector plate and clamp and the common central collector plate, with end plate 7 by screw rod 9 battery pile that is fixedly clamped, thereby formation integral type fuel battery, when carrying out integrated encapsulation, form the slit vertical with central collector plate, incoming air conduit road 1, advance hydrogen pipeline 3, advancing cooling fluid pipeline 3 is connected on the central collector plate from these both sides, slit respectively, draw from central collector plate two ends on outgoing air conduit road 4, be provided with collector plate 8 before the described end plate 7, go out the collector plate of hydrogen pipeline 6 before each end plate and draw, go out cooling fluid pipeline 5 and draw from central collector plate one end.Described incoming air conduit road is a rectangular tube, and this rectangular tube height is suitable with fuel cell pack, and width is suitable with the integrated fuel cell pile intermediate gap.Describedly advance hydrogen pipeline 3, advance cooling fluid pipeline 2 and be round tube, this advances hydrogen pipeline, advance the cooling fluid pipeline is connected on the central collector plate from slit, opposite, incoming air conduit road.
Described incoming air conduit road is a rectangular tube, and this rectangular tube adopts the deformable joints of hemispherical dome or old name for the Arabian countries in the Middle East's ground circle to be connected with round tube after going out pile, and its cross-sectional area is identical with respective circular pipe cross-sectional area.
Describedly advance hydrogen pipeline, advance the cooling fluid pipeline and also can be arranged in the incoming air conduit road.
Embodiment 3
As shown in Figure 4, the pipe design that makes full use of the integrated fuel cell pile space of a kind of 50KW~100KW, it comprises four groups of fuel cell pack A, B, C, D (A wherein, C group and B, D organizes left-right symmetric) and a central collector plate E, four groups of fuel cell packs are located at the two sides of central collector plate and clamp and the common central collector plate, with end plate 7 by screw rod 9 battery pile that is fixedly clamped, thereby formation integral type fuel battery, when carrying out integrated encapsulation, form the slit vertical with central collector plate, incoming air conduit road 1, advance hydrogen pipeline 3, advancing cooling fluid pipeline 3 is connected on the central collector plate from these both sides, slit respectively, draw from central collector plate two ends on outgoing air conduit road 4, be provided with collector plate 8 before the described end plate 7, go out the collector plate of hydrogen pipeline 6 before each end plate and draw, go out the collector plate of cooling fluid pipeline 5 before each end plate and draw.Described incoming air conduit road is a rectangular tube, and this rectangular tube height is suitable with fuel cell pack, and width is suitable with the integrated fuel cell pile intermediate gap.Describedly advance hydrogen pipeline 3, advance cooling fluid pipeline 2 and be round tube, this advances hydrogen pipeline, advance the cooling fluid pipeline is connected on the central collector plate from slit, opposite, incoming air conduit road.
Described incoming air conduit road is a rectangular tube, and this rectangular tube adopts the deformable joints of hemispherical dome or old name for the Arabian countries in the Middle East's ground circle to be connected with round tube after going out pile, and its cross-sectional area is identical with respective circular pipe cross-sectional area.
Describedly advance hydrogen pipeline, advance the cooling fluid pipeline and also can be arranged in the incoming air conduit road.
Embodiment 4
Referring to Fig. 2,3,4, the pipe design that makes full use of the integrated fuel cell pile space of a kind of 50KW~100KW, it is characterized in that, this design comprises the incoming air conduit road, advance hydrogen pipeline, advance the cooling fluid pipeline, the outgoing air conduit road, go out hydrogen pipeline, go out the cooling fluid pipeline, four groups or four groups of above fuel cell packs, end plate, be provided with central collector plate in the middle of the above fuel cell packs of described four groups or four groups, carry out integrated encapsulation and form the slit vertical with central collector plate, the incoming air conduit road, advance hydrogen pipeline, advancing the cooling fluid pipeline is connected on the central collector plate from this slit homonymy or both sides respectively, draw from central collector plate two ends on the outgoing air conduit road, be provided with collector plate before the described end plate, go out hydrogen pipeline and go out the collector plate of cooling fluid pipeline before each end plate to draw or draw from central collector plate one or both ends.
Described incoming air conduit road is a rectangular tube, and this rectangular tube height is suitable with fuel cell pack, and width is suitable with the integrated fuel cell pile intermediate gap.
Described incoming air conduit road is a rectangular tube, and this rectangular tube adopts the deformable joints of hemispherical dome or old name for the Arabian countries in the Middle East's ground circle to be connected with round tube after going out pile, and its cross-sectional area is identical with respective circular pipe cross-sectional area.
Described to advance hydrogen pipeline, advance the cooling fluid pipeline be round tube, and this advances hydrogen pipeline, advance the cooling fluid pipeline passes from slit, opposite, incoming air conduit road or in the incoming air conduit road and be connected on the central collector plate.
The above fuel cell pack of described four groups or four groups is located at the two sides of central collector plate and clamps and the common central collector plate, with end plate by the screw rod battery pile that is fixedly clamped, thereby constitute integral type fuel battery.
Hydrogen, air, cooling fluid can go out fuel cell pack from central collector plate or the collector plate before end plate respectively as required.
In addition, fuel cell of the present invention can also be combined by many Battery packs heaps such as two groups or six groups, eight groups, ten groups.