CN100516258C - Method and apparatus for preparing composite solder for welding particle enhanced aluminium-based composite material - Google Patents
Method and apparatus for preparing composite solder for welding particle enhanced aluminium-based composite material Download PDFInfo
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- CN100516258C CN100516258C CNB2006100098486A CN200610009848A CN100516258C CN 100516258 C CN100516258 C CN 100516258C CN B2006100098486 A CNB2006100098486 A CN B2006100098486A CN 200610009848 A CN200610009848 A CN 200610009848A CN 100516258 C CN100516258 C CN 100516258C
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Abstract
The invention provides the preparing method and device for combined welding rod used for particle enhancement composite material aluminium. The method comprises the following steps: putting the clean alloy into crucible, starting vacuum pump to 5 X10-5, then charging protective gas into vacuum system, heating the alloy, controlling the temperature, the lowest which is higher than liquid line of alloy, and the highest of which is lower than liquid line plus 100-125Deg.C, melting alloy, canceling vacuum, carrying out slag-out treatment, adding clean reinforcement particle according to volume fraction, charging protective gas, starting agitating device and ultrasonic vibrator, after stirring and ultrasonic vibration, carrying out slag-out treatment, cooling, and getting casting ingot. The invention improves the preparing efficiency, overcomes the defect that it is not sufficient to wet the enhancement phase/base, and optimizes the alloy solidification structure.
Description
(1) technical field
What the present invention relates to is a kind of preparation methods, specifically a kind of preparation method of welding material.The invention still further relates to this preparation method's specific equipment.
(2) background technology
Good characteristics such as particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material has specific tenacity, specific rigidity height, creep resistance, thermal expansivity is little, high-temperature behavior is good.Along with preparation technology update, the cost of this kind material reduces greatly, and it is in aerospace, national defence field, as guided missile, tank, panzer etc., and be with a wide range of applications in the civilian industry, as motor car engine piston, connecting rod brake and bicycle part etc.Yet because the wild phase particle in this kind matrix material and composition, structure and the performance of matrix alloy differ all very big, the physics between them, chemical compatibility are relatively poor usually, cause this kind material to have relatively poor weldability.Be welded into the serious hindrance of in structure, widely applying, progressively move towards practicability for this kind material.
One of key of particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material welding is finally can form the composite weld of being with wild phase in the joint, makes the weave construction of joint and being similar to of mother metal and reaches the purpose that over-all properties is consistent with it.In the numerous welding process of aluminum matrix composite, Solid-phase welding method (as diffusion welding, transient liquid phase weldering etc.) has been avoided the fusing of matrix material, also welding temperature can be controlled in the scope that matrix and wild phase do not react, be considered to be suitable for the method for welding of aluminum based composites.Yet these methods adopt conventional alloy or pure metal to fill scolder, realize wild phase in weld seam transition and therein uniform distribution to form very difficulty of the such process of composite weld.If mix wild phase in scolder, promptly the composite solder of employing band wild phase just should easier realization this purpose.Thereby, be necessary that preparation is mobile, wettability is good, can suppress disadvantageous metallurgical reaction, the compound special-purpose packing material of strengthen welds is comprising special solder.
The preparation of the composite solder of band wild phase is general all with reference to the preparation method of aluminum matrix composite.The preparation method that the aluminum current based composites is commonly used has: extrusion casting, powder metallurgy, jet deposition, original position are compound, stirring casting and high-energy ultrasonic composite algorithm.The general volume fraction of matrix material of squeeze casting method preparation is all than higher (greater than 20%), the matrix material of the low volume fraction that this method is prepared (less than 10%) performance less stable; Powder metallurgy is suitable for preparing the matrix material of low volume fraction, but the technological process more complicated, the matrix material porosity of preparation is big, and plasticity is poor; Spray deposition technology is simple, solidify rapidly, react at no interface, and the gained material wear ability is good, but wild phase and matrix belong to mechanical bond in the material, and tensile strength is limited, and voidage also than higher, is unsuitable for near-net-shape; In-situ compositing mainly is to utilize that phase transformation law forms the second phase particle with certain orientation arrangement in the metal solidification process in material, reach the enhanced purpose, this material anisotropic, its preparation process generally will be used directional freeze, thereby manufacturing process is comparatively complicated; Stirring casting method is simple with its technology, equipment, adaptability is strong, high and the extremely people's favor of productivity, also relatively be suitable for preparing the matrix material of various volume fractions, its subject matter is can not thoroughly solve the wetting problem of wild phase/matrix and cause that the wild phase microcosmic is poly-partially, has influenced to add the speed of wild phase and the final performance of matrix material.The high-energy ultrasonic composite algorithm can once realize strengthening the wetting and dispersion of body in matrix simultaneously in the extremely short time, and can finish the task of degasification, slagging-off, be a kind of technology preparation method easy, with low cost, especially it also has special advantages in the development field of fines reinforced composite, but the necessary contacting metal liquid of ultrasonic variable amplitude bar, corrosion of the horn that works long hours end and loss are serious, cause matrix alloy to pollute.
(3) summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of preparation efficiency that can improve composite solder, overcome the wetting poly-partially problem of wild phase microcosmic that thoroughly do not reach of wild phase/matrix, optimize the matrix alloy solidified structure, to avoid boundary defect in the composite solder to be incorporated in the aluminum matrix composite weld seam, to have a strong impact on the preparation method of the composite solder that is used for the particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material welding of joint performance.The present invention also aims to provide this preparation method's specific equipment.
The object of the present invention is achieved like this:
The composition of the preparation facilities of the composite solder that is used for particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material welding of the present invention comprises pumped vacuum systems, heating temperature control device, mechanical stirring device and ultrasonic vibration installation; crucible is placed in the housing that is provided with pumped vacuum systems; crucible has the high-frequency induction heating coil outward; the high-frequency induction heating coil links to each other with heating controller; be provided with mechanical stirring device in the crucible; the transmission rod of mechanical stirring device stretches out housing and links to each other with motor; lower housing portion has ultrasonic vibration installation, is connected with shielding gas on the housing and charges into pipe and eduction pipe.
Preparation method of the present invention is: the matrix alloy of cleaning is placed in the crucible, start vacuum extractor vacuum pump, be evacuated to 5 * 10
-5Torr; in vacuum system, charge into shielding gas then; alloy is heated; control Heating temperature lower limit is higher than the liquidus line of matrix alloy; the upper limit is lower than liquidus line+100～125 ℃; melt; treat that alloy all melts the back and removes vacuum,, press volume required mark processings that remove the gred of alloy liquid; the wild phase particle that adds cleaning; fill shielding gas after vacuumizing, start mechanical stirring device and stir, start ultrasonic vibration apparatus simultaneously and import ultrasonic vibration from crucible bottom; wait to stir and after ultrasonic vibration stops, composite solder alloy liquid is removed the gred handle the back furnace cooling and make composite solder Zhu Ingot.
Method of the present invention can also comprise:
1, the rotating speed of described stirring is 500-1500r/min, and the time is 5-50min.
2, the frequency of described ultrasonic vibration is 15-28KHz, and amplitude is 10-30 μ m, and the ultrasonic vibration time is 5-20min.
3, described shielding gas is Ar or N
2
4, the composite solder ingot casting that is prepared into can be processed into after through technologies such as drawings bar-shaped or thread, is convenient to welding and uses.
The main advantage of the technology of the present invention is:
1, ultrasonic acoustic guide rod direct contacting metal liquid has been avoided horn owing to contact corrosion and the loss that causes with high-temperature liquid metal, and causes the molten metal pollution thus, is mingled with.
2, solve the wetting problem of wild phase particle and matrix alloy, avoided particle/matrix defect interface and particle agglomeration phenomenon.
3, ultrasonic vibration both can effectively have been improved the distribution of wild phase and the solidified structure form of matrix, also can effectively remove the gas in the composite solder melt, avoided pore residual.
Mechanical stirring and ultrasonic vibration are stirred, and compound the reinforcement can be accelerated the interpolation speed of wild phase, the raising preparation efficiency mixing of wild phase and matrix alloy thus; Wild phase particle size, the volume fraction range extension of the composite solder that can prepare, particle size can be from nano level to micron order (mean particle size 0.01～50 μ m), and volume fraction can be from 0～30%.
(4) description of drawings
Accompanying drawing is the structural representation of device of the present invention.
(5) embodiment
For a more detailed description to the present invention for example below:
In conjunction with the accompanying drawings; the composition of the preparation method's of the composite solder that is used for particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material welding of the present invention specific equipment comprises vacuum extractor 1; heating temperature control device 2; mechanical stirring device 3 and ultrasonic vibration installation 4; crucible 5 is placed in the housing 6 that is provided with vacuum extractor; crucible has high-frequency induction heating coil 7 outward; the high-frequency induction heating coil links to each other with heating controller 2; be provided with mechanical stirring device in the crucible; the transmission rod of mechanical stirring device stretches out housing and links to each other with motor 8; lower housing portion has ultrasonic vibration installation 4, is connected with shielding gas on the housing and charges into pipe 9 and eduction pipe 10.
Method of the present invention adopts equipment of the present invention to finish: concrete grammar is:
All melting instruments are thoroughly removed clean, and in time be coated with and coat, prevent that as far as possible impurity from entering in the prepared matrix material.Wild phase particle and matrices of composite material alloy are carried out clean, will be placed in the crucible, start vacuum pump and be evacuated to 5 * 10 through pretreated matrix alloy
-5Torr charges into Ar gas or N then in vacuum system
2Gas.Start heating system to alloy at a certain temperature (the Heating temperature lower limit is higher than the liquidus line of matrix alloy, and the upper limit is lower than liquidus line+100～125 ℃) melt, treat that alloy all melts the back and removes vacuum, to the processing that removes the gred of alloy liquid.By volume required mark, add through pretreated wild phase particle, fill Ar gas or N after vacuumizing
2Gas shiled.Starter motor is put into the non iron agitator arm in the crucible melt and is stirred, the rotating speed that stirs is 500-1500r/min, time is 5-50min, start ultrasonic vibration system simultaneously and import ultrasonic vibration from crucible bottom, the frequency of ultrasonic vibration is 15-28KHz, amplitude is 10-30 μ m, and the ultrasonic vibration time is 5-20min.Wait to stir and after ultrasonic vibration stops, composite solder alloy liquid is removed the gred handle the back furnace cooling.The composite solder ingot casting that is prepared into can be processed into after through technologies such as drawings bar-shaped or thread, is convenient to welding and uses.
With preparation 10%SiC
p/ Zn-Al composite solder is an example:
All melting instruments are thoroughly removed totally, and in time coated ZnO coating.To mean diameter is that SiC wild phase particle and the Zn-Al matrix alloy (Cu:3.22%, Mg:0.82%, Mn:0.91%, Fe:0.01%, Si:0.81%, Zn:89.3%, Ni:0.05%, Al:4.2%, surplus are impurity) of 12.6 μ m carries out clean, to be placed in the crucible through pretreated matrix alloy, and start vacuum pump and be evacuated to 5 * 10
-5Torr charges into Ar gas then in vacuum system.Start heating system alloy is melted under 500 ℃, treat that alloy all melts the back and removes vacuum, to the processing that removes the gred of alloy liquid.Add volume fraction and be 10% through pretreated SiC particle, vacuumize back inflation Ar gas shiled.Starter motor is put into the non iron agitator arm in the crucible melt and is stirred, the rotating speed that stirs is 800r/min, time is 30min, start ultrasonic vibration system simultaneously and import the successive ultrasonic vibration from crucible bottom, the frequency of ultrasonic vibration is 20KHz, amplitude is 15 μ m, and the ultrasonic vibration time is 10min.Wait to stir and after ultrasonic vibration stops, composite solder alloy liquid is removed the gred handle the back furnace cooling.The 10%SiC that is prepared into
p/ Zn-Al composite solder ingot casting can be processed into after through technology such as drawing bar-shaped, is convenient to welding and uses.
The wild phase particle of prepared composite solder is B
4C, SiC, SiO
2, Al
2O
3, TiC, TiB
2, AlN, TiN, ZrO
2A kind of in (mean particle size 0.01～50 μ m, volume fraction 5～30%) particle;
The matrix alloy of prepared composite solder is Zn parent metal Zn-Al-Cu (Cu:3.22%, Mg:0.82%, Mn:0.91%, Fe:0.01%, Si:0.81%, Zn:89.3%, Ni:0.05%, Al:4.2%, surplus is an impurity), PTZn95Al, PTZn90Al, PTZn70Al, Zn72.5Al, Zn60Cd, Zn58SnCu or aluminium base scolder HLAlSi10, HLAlSi12, HLAlSiCu10, Al12SiSrLa, HL403, HL401, B62, Al60GeSi, HlAlSiMg7.5-1.5, a kind of among HLAlSiMg10-1.5 or the HLAlSiMg12-1.5;
After adding wild phase, the ultrasonic vibration that applies can be a successive, also can be interrupted;
Can furnace cooling after composite solder alloy liquid removes the gred and handles, also pourable one-tenth ingot casting.If adopt the furnace cooling mode, can also apply ultrasonic vibration in the solid-liquid phase line interval of matrix alloy, the frequency of ultrasonic vibration is 15-28KHz, amplitude is 10-30 μ m, the ultrasonic vibration time is 5-20min, and the ultrasonic vibration that applies can be a successive, also can be interrupted; To improve the solidified structure form of matrix metal, reach the effect of refinement.
Claims (4)
1, a kind of method for making that is used for the composite solder of particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material welding is characterized in that: the matrix alloy of cleaning is placed in the crucible, start vacuum extractor vacuum pump, be evacuated to 5 * 10
-5Torr, in vacuum system, charge into shielding gas then, alloy is heated, control Heating temperature lower limit is higher than the liquidus line of matrix alloy, the upper limit is lower than liquidus line+100～125 ℃, melt, treat that alloy all melts the back and removes vacuum,, press volume required mark processings that remove the gred of alloy liquid, the wild phase particle that adds cleaning, fill shielding gas after vacuumizing, start mechanical stirring device and stir, start ultrasonic vibration apparatus simultaneously and import ultrasonic vibration from crucible bottom, wait to stir and after ultrasonic vibration stops, composite solder alloy liquid is removed the gred handle the back furnace cooling and make composite solder Zhu Ingot; The rotating speed of described stirring is 500-1500r/min, and the time is 5-50min; The frequency of described ultrasonic vibration is 15-28KHz, and amplitude is 10-30 μ m, and the ultrasonic vibration time is 5-20min.
2, the method for making that is used for the composite solder of particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material welding according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described shielding gas is Ar or N
2
3, the method for making that is used for the composite solder of particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material welding according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that: the composite solder ingot casting that is prepared into becomes bar-shaped or thread through the drawing process post-treatment.
4; the specific equipment of the method for making of a kind of composite solder that is used for particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material welding according to claim 1; it is characterized in that: it comprises pumped vacuum systems; the heating temperature control device; mechanical stirring device and ultrasonic vibration installation; crucible is placed in the housing that is provided with pumped vacuum systems; crucible has the high-frequency induction heating coil outward; the high-frequency induction heating coil links to each other with heating controller; be provided with mechanical stirring device in the crucible; the transmission rod of mechanical stirring device stretches out housing and links to each other with motor; lower housing portion has ultrasonic vibration installation, is connected with shielding gas on the housing and charges into pipe and eduction pipe.
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| CNB2006100098486A CN100516258C (en) | 2006-03-24 | 2006-03-24 | Method and apparatus for preparing composite solder for welding particle enhanced aluminium-based composite material |
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| CN100516258C true CN100516258C (en) | 2009-07-22 |
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Families Citing this family (16)
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| CN101539365B (en) * | 2009-04-27 | 2011-01-05 | 北京航空航天大学 | Smelting furnace with mechanical agitation and high-energy ultrasonic processing and smelting method thereof |
| CN101775518A (en) * | 2010-04-02 | 2010-07-14 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Device and method for preparing particle-reinforced gradient composite materials by using ultrasonic waves |
| CN102248173A (en) * | 2010-05-19 | 2011-11-23 | 浙江亚通焊材有限公司 | Method and equipment for preparing spherical low-oxygen aluminum-based solder powder |
| CN102179502B (en) * | 2011-04-26 | 2013-02-27 | 北京科技大学 | Device and method for preparing metal matrix composite by adopting high-pressure gas to assist infiltration |
| CN102554195A (en) * | 2011-12-31 | 2012-07-11 | 大连理工大学 | Power ultrasonic device for treating high-temperature metal melt under vacuum state and method thereof |
| CN103447506B (en) * | 2013-08-27 | 2016-04-20 | 广东工业大学 | Low-melting alloy ultrasonic agitation compound smelting equipment |
| CN104131196B (en) * | 2014-07-21 | 2017-01-18 | 昆明理工大学 | Preparation method of particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite ultrasonic bell jar |
| CN105921722B (en) * | 2016-06-03 | 2018-11-30 | 国网河北省电力公司电力科学研究院 | A kind of casting device reducing aluminium bar internal porosity |
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| CN107457499B (en) * | 2017-08-09 | 2020-01-17 | 合肥工业大学 | High-temperature solder preparation and brazing process for silicon carbide ceramic and composite material thereof |
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| CN111112821B (en) * | 2020-02-23 | 2021-05-04 | 昆山宝锦激光拼焊有限公司 | Welding process |
| CN112458331A (en) * | 2020-10-28 | 2021-03-09 | 北京康普锡威科技有限公司 | Equipment for dispersing nano particles in alloy and preparation method of high-strength alloy |
| CN113564392A (en) * | 2021-07-23 | 2021-10-29 | 四川大学 | Device and method for refining metal solidification structure by semi-solid variable-temperature vibration |
| CN114642992A (en) * | 2022-02-28 | 2022-06-21 | 江苏大学 | Preparation device and method of high-volume-fraction particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite |
| CN116005032A (en) * | 2022-12-13 | 2023-04-25 | 湖南文昌新材科技股份有限公司 | Preparation device, method and material of metal matrix composite |
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