Titania/inorganic carbon composite Nano hollow microsphere and its production and application
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of hollow nano microballoon, relate in particular to a kind of titania/inorganic carbon composite Nano hollow microsphere and its production and application.
Background technology
Hollow microsphere is owing to its architectural feature, and its range of application expands to material science by medical science, pharmaceutics.At present, the method for preparing the titanium dioxide hollow microballoon mainly contains template and static self-assembly method (LBL).
External also very active to the research of titanium dioxide hollow microballoon.The Germany general colloid of horse and Interface Study Dr.Frank Caruso to have opened up one be template, the synthetic route of passing through the static self-assembling technique with the colloid, obtain the titanium dioxide/colloid core-shell type microballoon of micron even submicron order, and finally obtain the hollow microsphere of titanium dioxide by calcining method.What the Arnout Imhof of Holland Utrecht University adopted is to be template with the polystyrene, directly obtains titanium dioxide/polystyrene core-shell type microballoon by the isopropyl titanate hydrolysis, and obtains the titanium dioxide hollow microballoon by the method for calcining and dissolving.The titanium dioxide hollow microspherulite diameter that these two kinds of methods prepare is respectively 640nm and 380nm, and the cavity microballoon all is to be adsorbed onto by titanium dioxide to remove kernel again behind the template surface and obtain.Therefore, the thickness of the size of template and titanium dioxide shell can be controlled respectively.
At home, professor Yang Zhenzhong of Chinese Academy of Sciences's chemistry institute then adopts a kind of thinking more flexibly: as long as a step just can realize thick and controlled this target of cavity size while of titanium dioxide shell.They at first adopt the higher thiosulfonic acid of concentration to handle polystyrene microsphere, then it is dispersed in tetrabutyl titanate/ethanol (1/1 volume ratio) mixed solution, microballoon after then a therefrom taking-up part is handled is dispersed in ethanol/water (1/1 volume ratio) mixed solution and is hydrolyzed, just obtain titanium dioxide/polystyrene core-shell type microballoon, finally can obtain the titanium dioxide hollow microballoon by the method for calcining or dissolving.Experiment is found: the sulfonation time is long more, and the core-shell type microballoon shell that obtains is thick more, and internal cavities is more little.Equally, their microspherulite diameter of synthesizing is at 300~500nm.
In addition, Qingdao University of Science and Technology nano material engineering and technological research laboratory has been carried out more careful research to how controlling experiment conditions such as titanium dioxide shell thickness, and the template that is adopted is a polystyrene microsphere, the about 900nm of its particle diameter.It is that template makes the core-shell type microballoon that outermost layer is a titanium dioxide that this school applied chemistry system then adopts with argent or polyacrylic acid-galactic nucleus shell-type microballoon, and then obtains the hollow microsphere that particle diameter is 600nm.
More than the synthetic microballoon size of these research institutes all at submicron order even micron order, this has limited the range of application of this hollow microsphere to a certain extent; In addition, from the experimental result that they provide, these cavity microballoons all inevitably exist structural defective; For example, titanium dioxide shell structurre imperfect especially causes the problem of subsiding of hollow structure easily after the calcining, and this can badly influence its effect.
Summary of the invention
Purpose of the present invention is exactly to provide a kind of nano-scale and size ratio titania/inorganic carbon composite Nano hollow microsphere and its production and application uniformly for the defective that overcomes above-mentioned prior art existence.
Purpose of the present invention can be achieved through the following technical solutions:
Titania/inorganic carbon composite Nano hollow microsphere is characterized in that, this hollow microsphere shell comprises double-layer structure: outer is titanium dioxide, and internal layer is the DIC skeleton.
Described hollow microsphere particle diameter is 70~90nm.
Described titanium dioxide layer is by pure titanate Ti (OR)
4(R=-C
2H
5,-C
3H
7...-C
nH
2n+1) in a kind of hydrolysis obtain.
Described DIC casing play is obtained by polyacrylonitrile or the carbonization of 2-butene nitrile.
The preparation method of titania/inorganic carbon composite Nano hollow microsphere is characterized in that, this preparation method comprises following processing step:
(1) synthetic high polymer microsphere template system: the template monomer is added in the organic solvent, under the condition of stirring and logical inert gas, be heated to 70~90 ℃, add initator after 20~30 minutes and react, reaction continues 3~6 hours, obtains the high polymer micro balloons template system after reacting completely;
(2) in above-mentioned system, slowly add a certain amount of acrylonitrile or 2-butene nitrile, continue to react completely, can make the suspension of core-shell type microballoon, again the suspension that makes can be taken out the core-shell type microballoon and uses the ethanol carrying out washing treatment with centrifugal process;
(3) the core-shell type microballoon after will handling is dispersed in the alcohol solvent, and adds under the condition of high-speed stirred and comprise dispersant, water, titanate esters, carries out ageing after reacting completely, and just can obtain titanium dioxide/polyacrylonitrile/high polymer core-shell type microballoon;
(4) titanium dioxide/polyacrylonitrile/high polymer core-shell type microballoon that obtains is taken out, under the condition of anoxybiotic, calcine, just can obtain titania/inorganic carbon composite Nano hollow microsphere;
The ratio of described template monomer and acrylonitrile or 2-butene nitrile is 10/90~50/50 (moL/moL), and the ratio of described core-shell type microballoon and titanate esters is 60~120 (g/moL).
Described high polymer template monomer is selected from a kind of in styrene, the methyl methacrylate.
The initator that described step (1) adopts is selected from azo diisobutyl amidine hydrochloride.
The dispersant that described step (3) adopts is selected from a kind of in polyvinylpyrrolidone PVP, ethanol, isopropyl alcohol, isobutanol or the n-butanol.
Described calcine technology is constant temperature 30~60min in the time of 100 ℃, and with the intensification digit rate to 600 of 10 ℃/min ℃ and at this temperature lower calcination 120min, whole process is all carried out in the atmosphere of anoxybiotic then.
The application of titania/inorganic carbon composite Nano hollow microsphere, it is characterized in that, described hollow nano microballoon can be used for loading organic little molecule forming composite, described organic molecule is selected from one or more in antiseptic, anti ultraviolet agent, the antioxidant, and described compound can be applicable to medicine equipment, automotive upholstery, sports equipment, coating, fabric or packaging material.
Said method make TiO
2/ C is compound, and the hollow microsphere size ratio is more even, and hollow structure is more complete, and the agglomeration of microballoon is not very serious; In addition, the slowly-releasing test finds that this compound hollow microsphere has good slow release effect, obviously is better than the titanium dioxide hollow microballoon; Therefore, join again behind the organic molecules such as one or more in wherein adding antiseptic, anti ultraviolet agent, antioxidant and go in the macromolecular material, all help its application at polymeric material field.
The skin of this kind tiny balloon is TiO
2, internal layer is the C layer, because the C layer has stronger structure, can well support TiO
2Layer particularly can guarantee TiO when calcining
2Layer does not break, thereby the high product production rate is arranged.Simultaneously, can guarantee that in the product use product is not extruded fragmentation.
TiO provided by the invention
2The purposes of/C composite Nano hollow microsphere is: load organic molecule (be selected from antiseptic, anti ultraviolet agent, the antioxidant one or more) to cavity inside, then it is added in the middle of the macromolecular material, can obviously improve some characteristic performance of base material.
The specific embodiment
The invention will be further described below in conjunction with specific embodiment.
Embodiment 1
In the 250mL there-necked flask, add deionized water 60mL, acetone 30mL, styrene 5mL (handling) and stir (rotating speed is 300r/min) through decompression distillation, logical then nitrogen 30min is with deoxygenation, then it is put in 80 ℃ the thermostat water bath and heat, behind about 20min, (concentration is 4.82 * 10 to add 10mL initator azo diisobutyl amidine hydrochloride (AIBA) solution to system
-2Mol/L), in system, drip 10.2mL acrylonitrile (rate of addition is 20D/min) behind the lasting 4h of reaction and then react 4h; Reaction ends, and it is centrifugal and with ethanolic solution (analyzing pure) carrying out washing treatment to take out suspension.Getting 0.5906g core-shell type microballoon then is dispersed in the 100mL ethanolic solution, add polyethylene of dispersing agent pyrrolidones PVP 1g, deionized water 2.8mL and isopropyl titanate 2.2mL under the condition of high-speed stirred, be swift in response, allow after its ageing a period of time, just obtain TiO its centrifugal treating
2/ PAN/PS core-shell type microballoon; Calcine in the anoxybiotic atmosphere then, at first be warming up to 100 ℃ and keep 30min, then with the heating rate to 600 of 10 ℃/min ℃ and keep 120min, it cools off relief naturally; The final TiO that just can obtain structural integrity
2/ C composite Nano hollow microsphere.This TiO
2The diameter of/C composite Nano hollow microsphere is about 80~100nm, the about 15nm of C layer thickness wherein, TiO
2The about 15nm of layer thickness.
Embodiment 2
In the 250mL there-necked flask, add deionized water 60mL, ethanol 30mL, styrene 5mL (handling) and stir (rotating speed is 300r/min) through decompression distillation, logical then nitrogen 30min is with deoxygenation, then it is put in 80 ℃ the thermostat water bath and heat, behind about 20min, (concentration is 5.17 * 10 to add 10mL initator azo diisobutyl amidine hydrochloride solution to system
-2Mol/L), reaction continues to drip 10.2mL acrylonitrile (rate of addition is 20D/min) continuation reaction 4h behind the 4h in system; Reaction ends, and it is centrifugal and with ethanolic solution (analyzing pure) carrying out washing treatment to take out suspension.Getting 1.024g core-shell type microballoon then is dispersed in the 100mL ethanolic solution, add polyethylene of dispersing agent pyrrolidones 1g, deionized water 0.8mL and isopropyl titanate 1.8mL under the condition of high-speed stirred, be swift in response, allow after its ageing a period of time, just obtain TiO its centrifugal treating
2/ PAN/PS core-shell type microballoon; Then in the anoxybiotic atmosphere, calcine; At first be warming up to 100 ℃ and keep 30min, again with the heating rate to 600 of 10 ℃/min ℃ and keep 120min, it cools off relief naturally; The final TiO that just can obtain structural integrity
2/ C composite Nano hollow microsphere.This TiO
2The diameter of/C composite Nano hollow microsphere is about 80~100nm, the about 15nm of C layer thickness wherein, TiO
2The about 10nm of layer thickness.
Embodiment 3
In the 250mL there-necked flask, add deionized water 60mL, ethanol 30mL, styrene 5mL (handling) and stir (rotating speed is 300r/min) through decompression distillation, logical then nitrogen 30min is with deoxygenation, then it is put in 80 ℃ the thermostat water bath and heat, behind about 20min, (concentration is 5.17 * 10 to add 10mL initator azo diisobutyl amidine hydrochloride solution to system
-2Mol/L), reaction continues to drip 6.0mL acrylonitrile (rate of addition is 20D/min) continuation reaction 4h behind the 4h in system; Reaction ends, and it is centrifugal and with ethanolic solution (analyzing pure) carrying out washing treatment to take out suspension.Getting 0.5906g core-shell type microballoon then is dispersed in the 100mL ethanolic solution, add polyethylene of dispersing agent pyrrolidones 1g, deionized water 2.8mL and isopropyl titanate 2.2mL under the condition of high-speed stirred, be swift in response, allow after its ageing a period of time, just obtain TiO its centrifugal treating
2/ PAN/PS core-shell type microballoon; Then in the anoxybiotic atmosphere, calcine; At first be warming up to 100 ℃ and keep 30min, again with the heating rate to 600 of 10 ℃/min ℃ and keep 120min, it cools off relief naturally; The final TiO that just can obtain structural integrity
2/ C composite Nano hollow microsphere.This TiO
2The diameter of/C composite Nano hollow microsphere is about 70~90nm, the about 10nm of C layer thickness wherein, TiO
2The about 17nm of layer thickness.
Embodiment 4
In the 250mL there-necked flask, add deionized water 60mL, ethanol 30mL, styrene 5mL (handling) and stir (rotating speed is 300r/min) through decompression distillation, logical then nitrogen 30min is with deoxygenation, then it is put in 80 ℃ the thermostat water bath and heat, behind about 20min, (concentration is 5.17 * 10 to add 10mL initator azo diisobutyl amidine hydrochloride solution to system
-2Mol/L), reaction continues to drip 6.0mL acrylonitrile (rate of addition is 20D/min) continuation reaction 4h behind the 4h in system; Reaction ends, and it is centrifugal and with ethanolic solution (analyzing pure) carrying out washing treatment to take out suspension.Getting 1.024g core-shell type microballoon then is dispersed in the 100mL ethanolic solution, add polyethylene of dispersing agent pyrrolidones 1g, deionized water 0.8mL and isopropyl titanate 1.8mL under the condition of high-speed stirred, be swift in response, allow after its ageing a period of time, just obtain TiO its centrifugal treating
2/ PAN/PS core-shell type microballoon; Then in the anoxybiotic atmosphere, calcine; At first be warming up to 100 ℃ and keep 30min, again with the heating rate to 600 of 10 ℃/min ℃ and keep 120min, it cools off relief naturally; The final TiO that just can obtain structural integrity
2/ C composite Nano hollow microsphere.This TiO
2The diameter of/C composite Nano hollow microsphere is about 70~90nm, the about 10nm of C layer thickness wherein, TiO
2The about 13nm of layer thickness.
Embodiment 5
In the 250mL there-necked flask, add deionized water 60mL, ethanol 30mL, styrene 5mL (handling) and stir (rotating speed is 300r/min) through decompression distillation, logical then nitrogen 30min is with deoxygenation, then it is put in 80 ℃ the thermostat water bath and heat, behind about 20min, (concentration is 5.17 * 10 to add 10mL initator azo diisobutyl amidine hydrochloride solution to system
-2Mol/L), reaction continues to drip 3.9mL acrylonitrile (rate of addition is 20D/min) continuation reaction 4h behind the 4h in system; Reaction ends, and it is centrifugal and with ethanolic solution (analyzing pure) carrying out washing treatment to take out suspension.Getting 0.5906g core-shell type microballoon then is dispersed in the 100mL ethanolic solution, add polyethylene of dispersing agent pyrrolidones 1g, deionized water 2.8mL and isopropyl titanate 2.2mL under the condition of high-speed stirred, be swift in response, allow after its ageing a period of time, just obtain TiO its centrifugal treating
2/ PAN/PS core-shell type microballoon; Then in the anoxybiotic atmosphere, calcine; At first be warming up to 100 ℃ and keep 30min, again with the heating rate to 600 of 10 ℃/min ℃ and keep 120min, it cools off relief naturally; The final TiO that just can obtain structural integrity
2/ C composite Nano hollow microsphere.This TiO
2The diameter of/C composite Nano hollow microsphere is about 70~80nm, the about 5nm of C layer thickness wherein, TiO
2The about 20nm of layer thickness.
Embodiment 6
In the 250mL there-necked flask, add deionized water 60mL, ethanol 30mL, methyl methacrylate 4.6mL (handling) and stir (rotating speed is 300r/min) through decompression distillation, logical then nitrogen 30min is with deoxygenation, then it is put in 80 ℃ the thermostat water bath and heat, behind about 20min, (concentration is 5.17 * 10 to add 10mL initator azo diisobutyl amidine hydrochloride solution to system
-2Mol/L), reaction continues to drip 3.9mL acrylonitrile (rate of addition is 20D/min) continuation reaction 4h behind the 4h in system; Reaction ends, and it is centrifugal and with ethanolic solution (analyzing pure) carrying out washing treatment to take out suspension.Getting 1.024g core-shell type microballoon then is dispersed in the 100mL ethanolic solution, add polyethylene of dispersing agent pyrrolidones 1g, deionized water 0.8mL and isopropyl titanate 1.8mL under the condition of high-speed stirred, be swift in response, allow after its ageing a period of time, just obtain TiO its centrifugal treating
2/ PAN/PS core-shell type microballoon; Then in the anoxybiotic atmosphere, calcine; At first be warming up to 100 ℃ and keep 30min, again with the heating rate to 600 of 10 ℃/min ℃ and keep 120min, it cools off relief naturally; The final TiO that just can obtain structural integrity
2/ C composite Nano hollow microsphere.This TiO
2The diameter of/C composite Nano hollow microsphere is about 70~80nm, the about 5nm of C layer thickness wherein, TiO
2The about 15nm of layer thickness.
Subordinate list 1
Annotate: data shown in the table 1 are experiment consumption and test result.