CN100514918C - Topology discovering method of IP backbone network - Google Patents

Topology discovering method of IP backbone network Download PDF

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Publication number
CN100514918C
CN100514918C CNB2007101758632A CN200710175863A CN100514918C CN 100514918 C CN100514918 C CN 100514918C CN B2007101758632 A CNB2007101758632 A CN B2007101758632A CN 200710175863 A CN200710175863 A CN 200710175863A CN 100514918 C CN100514918 C CN 100514918C
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address
router
network
subnet
depth
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CN101141308A (en
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陈福
杨家海
张辉
杨扬
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Tsinghua University
University of Science and Technology Beijing USTB
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Tsinghua University
University of Science and Technology Beijing USTB
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Abstract

The utility model discloses an IP backbone topology discovery method, pertaining to the field of computer network administration. The method can pre-set the maximal value of the discovery depth and read IP address of the seed router to obtain all of the port address and sub-net mask code of the router. As per the port address and the sub-net mask code, the sub-network address can be calculated. Such sub-network address is connected with the router. Based on the calculated sub-network address, deducing the IP address which is correspondent to the sub-net; the deduced IP address is chosen as the IP address for the router to conduct the respective self-adapting and intelligent judgment & analyzing; the connected relation for the discovered router IP address shall be kept; the discovered depth is added with 1 to judge whether the discovered depth is no less than the maximal value. If yes, it is over, or the router subjecting to the discovered IP address shall be placed in the list to be discovered. The utility model gradually extends from the router to be discovered to the outside, so as to self-adapt and discover various IP backbones' topology connection relation accurately and effectively.

Description

A kind of topology discovery method of IP backbone network
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of computer network administration, particularly a kind of topology discovery method of IP backbone network.
Background technology
The internet has become the important foundation facility of modern information society, and along with the continuous progress of internet technique, network behavior and architecture present quick variation, high complexity, unmanageable trend.Network size constantly enlarges, complexity continues to increase, the isomerism of network improves day by day, heterogeneous network operating system, the network communication equipment of diversification, diversified network service software and level differ very big user and potential assailant makes present network environment quite complicated.Simultaneously, the application that emerges in an endless stream also makes the user more and more higher to the requirement of network performance.Network management becomes the key of the normal operation of network system.Reinforcement is to Network Management, sets up and safeguard that credible, reliable, safety, stable network environment become important unusually.Network management has become the key of network system operation quality.
According to the definition of OSI (Open System Interconnection, Open System Interconnection), network management mainly comprises five functions; Fault management, configuration management, performance management, safety management and accounting management.Wherein, configuration management is the basis, and its major function comprises the configuring condition of finding topology of networks, supervision and managing network device, and the basis of supervision and managing network device is the topological structure of known network, so discovering network topology is only the basis of network management.The main purpose of discovering network topology is the existence information of acquiring and maintaining network node and the connection relation information between them, and draws out whole network topological diagram on this basis.The network management personnel can also position network failure by topology information, finds network bottleneck, thereby optimizes whole network.
In the initial period of network management, network topology and composition are just to determine when planned network, and carrying out network configuration and fault location etc. all is that the experience of manually importing and depend on administrative staff is judged.Along with rapid development of network technique, network size is increasing, and structure also becomes increasingly complex, and its function is also more and more stronger.The real-time monitoring of network and control need a kind of effective instrument, are beneficial to the administrative staff structure of awareness network and the function situation of the network equipment in time, manage bookkeepings such as the obtaining of information, fault location simultaneously.Discovering network topology and topology generate as the core of configuration management and the basis of fault management, occupy an important position in the exploitation of whole network management system.
The efficient network equipment and the topological structure thereof found fast set up effective network topology model, is crucial for network management.The function of discovering network topology is equipment and the topological structure that is used to find network in the network management system, and all elements in the network also has the information search function simultaneously concurrently, for example, and the sign ID of the system that collection is found, description etc.As the basis of network management system functional development, the purpose of discovering network topology provides network operation view, and configuration management, fault management in the network management are provided.Discovering network topology all is very necessary to configuration management and even whole network management.
Method for discovering network topology commonly used at present has: based on SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol, Simple Network Management Protocol) method for discovering network topology, based on ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol, internet control message protocol) method for discovering network topology and based on DNS (Domain Name System, domain name system), ARP (Address Resolution Protocol, address resolution protocol), RIP (Routing Information Protocol, RIP), OSPF method for discovering network topology such as (Open Shortest Path First, ospfs).
The research of carrying out topology discovery algorithm is a lot, but But most of algorithms is owing to adopt the mode of route forwarding table or based on ping order or traceroute order the carrying out Topology Discovery of ICMP, speed can be very slow when network size is big for this class topology discovery algorithm.The algorithm that draws in the field of study really be applied in the reality algorithm seldom.Topology Discovery commonly used is to utilize next hop information in the route forwarding table to carry out the Topology Discovery of router and subnet, because the forwarding entry during a router is transmitted is very huge, the traversal route forwarding table is very consuming time, there is a large amount of repeats to address (RA) in the route forwarding table simultaneously, causes operating efficiency very low.
Summary of the invention
In order to simplify method for discovering network topology, the invention provides a kind of topology discovery method of IP backbone network.Described technical scheme is as follows:
A kind of topology discovery method of IP backbone network sets in advance the maximum of finding the degree of depth, and carries out following steps:
Steps A: read and wait to find that the IP address of router obtains the total interface address and the subnet mask of described router;
Step B: the interface IP address according to described router calculates the subnet address that links to each other with described router with subnet mask;
Step C: the IP address of inferring corresponding subnet according to the subnet address that calculates;
Step D: choose the IP address of inferring,, obtain the IP address of equipment with routing function of connection by the type of Simple Network Management Protocol, Border Gateway Protocol judgment device;
Step e: the annexation of the IP address that preservation is taken out and the IP address of described router;
Step F: will find that the degree of depth adds 1, and judge that the described discovery degree of depth will be whether more than or equal to the maximum of the described discovery degree of depth, if finish; Otherwise, the router of described taking-up IP address correspondence is put into formation to be found, return steps A.
Described step D specifically comprises:
Step D1: judge according to described subnet address whether the IP address of inferring is the IP address of described router its own interfaces correspondence, if, execution in step D2; Otherwise, execution in step D3;
Step D2: preserve the IP address of described router its own interfaces correspondence, carry out described step e then;
Step D3: judge by described Simple Network Management Protocol, described Border Gateway Protocol whether the IP address corresponding equipment of inferring is router, if router is carried out described step e, otherwise, abandon this IP address.
Described step D specifically comprises:
Whether the IP address corresponding equipment of inferring by the object identifier in the Simple Network Management Protocol, Border Gateway Protocol is the equipment with routing function, if choose this IP address; Otherwise, abandon this IP address.
When described router startup Border Gateway Protocol, described step D specifically comprises:
From the IP address of inferring, select the IP address of the router that directly links to each other with described router by the information in the management information bank.
The beneficial effect of technical scheme provided by the invention is:
Method provided by the invention is based on heuristic and thought greedy method, by intelligence infer, autonomous checking is progressively from waiting to find that router expands to the periphery, have the automated reasoning of IP address and the self-adjustment capability of seek scope, thereby has certain adaptivity, needed time of method and space expense that prior art provides have been reduced, can self adaptation, find the topological connection relation of all kinds of IP backbone networks accurately and efficiently, and the topological structure to IP network carries out real-time monitoring in the continuous service of system.Solve the shortcoming of consuming time, poor efficiency of the topology discovery method of traditional route forwarding table based on router, reached the invention target of expection.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the topology discovery method flow chart of the IP backbone network that provides of the embodiment of the invention 1;
Fig. 2 is that schematic diagram is inferred in the network address that the embodiment of the invention 1 provides;
Fig. 3 is the network connection layout of the discovering network topology that provides of the embodiment of the invention 1;
Fig. 4 is the network connection diagram of the discovering network topology that provides of the embodiment of the invention 1;
Fig. 5 is the end points connection diagram of the BGP that provides of the embodiment of the invention 2;
Fig. 6 is the topology discovery method flow chart of the IP backbone network that provides of the embodiment of the invention 2;
Fig. 7 is the topological schematic diagram of the real network environment CERNET2 that provides of the embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 8 is the practical topology schematic diagram of the CERNET2 that draws of employing method of the present invention that the embodiment of the invention provides.
Embodiment
For making the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, embodiment of the present invention is described further in detail below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
Embodiment 1
Referring to Fig. 1, the embodiment of the invention provides a kind of topology discovery method of IP backbone network, and this method step comprises:
Step 101: read the IP address of waiting to find router.
Wherein, wait to find that router can be called seed router again.
Step 102: the maximum M that the discovery degree of depth wait to find router is set.
Wherein, find that degree of depth maximum M can be set to arbitrary positive integer as required.
Further, the access rights Community that waits to find router can be set, wherein, because the router that wide area distributes on the geographical position belongs to different administrative organization, so its Community may be different, and what the embodiment of the invention will solve is to exchange the problem that etale topology is found in particular range, this Community should be a confirmable value, therefore, set several Community, determine the Community of certain router by the traversal test.
Step 103: router to be found is put into formation to be found.
Step 104: by waiting to find the IP address of router, read to wait to find the interface IP address and the subnet mask of router.
Wherein,, use the Loopback address of router, adopt the interface IP address sign of the interface of numerical value maximum in the total interface again as many interface router because router has a plurality of interface IP addresses.
Referring to Fig. 2, the embodiment of the invention provides the network address to infer schematic diagram.Among Fig. 2, all can find router C by router-A, B, but finish discovery procedure by two of C different interface C1 and C2, C1 and two interfaces merging of C2 to be designated same router, therefore, at first use the Loopback address of router C, again with numerical value is big among its interface C1 and the C2 interface C2 interface IP address, the i.e. sign of router C as this router C.
Step 105: calculate the subnet address of waiting to find router.
Wherein, obtain the subnet address by each interface IP address and the corresponding subnet mask of router, the number of subnet address should be greater than 1.
Step 106: according to the subnet address, the possible IP address of conjecture subnet.
Wherein, obtain the subnet address by each interface IP address and the corresponding subnet mask of router, adopt thought heuristic and greedy algorithm by the subnet address, the possible IP address in this subnet is inferred in conjecture.
Form is:
Subnet 1: several possibilities IP address;
Subnet 2: several possibilities IP address;
Concrete grammar is:
Referring to Fig. 3, the embodiment of the invention provides a kind of network connection layout of discovering network topology, router-A among the figure, router B, router C, router D and router E corresponding respectively Ethernet a separately, b, c, d, e.
Referring to Fig. 4, the embodiment of the invention provides a kind of network connection diagram of discovering network topology, R1, R2, R3 are router among the figure, and each router may be with several subnets, interconnects between the router, but directly objectively also formed the subnet that has only two IP addresses between two routers that link to each other, for example, router R1 directly links to each other with router R2, constitutes subnet 1, there are two IP addresses in this subnet 1, and these two IP addresses correspond respectively to router R1 and router R2.Suppose to begin Topology Discovery as seed IP address with router R1, can be from MIB (the ManagementInformation Base of router R1, management information bank) takes out the interface IP address and the subnet mask of each router in, calculate the subnet address of each subnet.The interface IP address set of supposing the router that takes out from MIB is:
IP_SET={X|X iThe interface IP address of ∈ router };
The subnet mask address set that takes out from MIB is:
Mask_SET={Y|Y iThe subnet mask of ∈ router };
Because the corresponding subnet mask of interface IP address, and interface IP address and its corresponding subnet mask logic with can obtain network number.So, ∀ X i ∈ IP _ SET Can uniquely determine a Y i∈ Mask_SET, promptly
Order: Z i=X i﹠amp; Y i, Z is then arranged iCan constitute a new set, be the set of subnet address, establish this set and be Sub Net.
According to the regulation of IP address, can infer possible IP address from subnet mask.For example, establishing a certain interface IP address is 210.25.129.17, and subnet mask is the interface of 255.255.255.252, and corresponding subnet address is 210.25.129.16.The binary form of subnet mask correspondence is 1111111.11111111.11111111.11111100, and then possible IP address is that the probable value of 0 part is formed by network number+mask, has only four kinds of situations and mask is the probable value of 0 part: 00,11,10,01.But not the full zero-sum of non-null part complete 1 in the subnet mask has special purposes in network, so the possible IP address of the subnet at place is 210.25.129.17 and 210.25.129.18.And the address of interface itself is 210.25.129.17.So interface IP address is 210.25.129.17, subnet mask is that the possible IP address of subnet of 255.255.255.252 can only be 210.25.129.18.And last three of common subnet mask address is 252,248,240,224,192,128, and the possible IP address number of above-mentioned subnet is 1～253.
Generally speaking, under the situation that two routers directly are connected, the scope of subnet mask can be defined as 255.255.255.252, but because a variety of causes, for example, if be 252 to fail to find router, the method that the embodiment of the invention provides has certain adaptivity, is configured as 248 or 240 during equipment disposition.
To sum up, draw the method for calculating possibility IP address:
(1) ∀ X i ∈ IP _ SET Can uniquely determine a Y i∈ Mask_SET, promptly
Figure C200710175863D00074
(2) with both and, i.e. Z i=X i﹠amp; Y i
(3) obtain the probable value and the Z of non-0 part according to subnet mask iAddition.Just can obtain the set of a possibility IP address, establish this set and be GuSee_IP_Set.
The corresponding a plurality of next-hop ip address of a plurality of subnet of ip address.Because directly the router one that links to each other fixes in the same subnet, therefore the address of obtaining is necessarily comprising the interface IP address of next hop router.
Step 107: judge that whether the IP address obtained according to the subnet address is an interface of self router; If then execution in step 108; Otherwise, execution in step 109.
Step 108: preserve the possible IP address of institute of this router its own interfaces correspondence, execution in step 111 then.
Wherein, can might deposit the institute that obtains in the temporary ip address chain structure in the IP address.
Step 109: whether the IP address corresponding equipment of judging this taking-up is router, if then execution in step 111; Otherwise execution in step 110.
Wherein,, at first to use the corresponding OID (Object Identifier, object identifier) in the snmp protocol to judge the device type of the possible IP address of conjecture, thereby find next jumping routing device according to the subnet address.Determination methods is at first to obtain ipForwarding, if be 1, then explanation may be a router, determines the type of the network equipment again by visit sysServices variable.
Step 110: abandon this IP address.
Step 111: the annexation between the IP address of router is found in the IP address of preserve finding and waiting.
Wherein, can deposit this annexation in chain structure.
Step 112: find that the degree of depth adds 1.
Usually, acquiescence waits to find that the initial value of the discovery degree of depth of router is zero.
Step 113: judge whether more than or equal to the maximum of finding the degree of depth, if then this waits that the discovery procedure of finding router finishes; Otherwise, return execution in step 103.
Embodiment 2
Because under specific situation, network may start BGP (Border Gateway Protocol, Border Gateway Protocol), because the equipment and that this agreement communicates of this agreement own must be router.If router startup bgp protocol, then obtain and the direct mutual node information end to end of router by this agreement.By this information, can directly determine the type and the annexation of equipment.Referring to Fig. 5, the embodiment of the invention provides the end points connection diagram of BGP, if the seed address is the Speaker of autonomous territory AS1, then can directly obtain the autonomous territory AS2 that links to each other with it and the Speaker of AS3.
Referring to Fig. 6, the embodiment of the invention provides a kind of topology discovery method of IP backbone network, and this method is similar to Example 1, briefly narrates its step, comprising:
Step 201: read the IP address of waiting to find router.
Step 202: the maximum M that the discovery degree of depth wait to find router is set.
Step 203: router to be found is put into formation to be found.
Step 204: by waiting to find the IP address of router, read to wait to find the interface IP address and the subnet mask of router.
Step 205: calculate the subnet address of waiting to find router.
Step 206: according to the subnet address, possible IP address in the conjecture subnet.
Step 207: the BGP from MIB partly takes out nearest movable IP address.
Wherein, the object identity from MIB number is to take out movable recently router among the 1.3.6.1.2.1.15.3.1.7 (bgpPeerRemoteAddr), can deposit the nearest movable IP address of taking out in chain structure.
Step 208: compare the nearest movable IP address of taking out among IP address possible in the subnet and the MIB, select the IP address of coincidence.
Step 209: judge that whether the IP address select is an interface of self router; If then execution in step 210; Otherwise, execution in step 211.
Step 210: the institute that preserves this router its own interfaces correspondence might the IP address.
Wherein, can might deposit the institute that obtains in the temporary ip address chain structure in the IP address.
Step 211: the annexation between the IP address of router is found in the IP address of preserve finding and waiting.
Wherein, can deposit this annexation in chain structure.
Step 212; Find that the degree of depth adds 1.
Usually, acquiescence waits to find that the initial value of the discovery degree of depth of router is zero.
Step 213: judge whether more than or equal to the maximum of finding the degree of depth, if then this waits that the discovery procedure of finding router finishes; Otherwise, return execution in step 203.
The embodiment of the invention can realize by computer software programming language method, then it is assembled into the WebService service.By serving theing contents are as follows of issue:
The set of the router rs name that 1) has been found that;
The set of the router rs name that 2) has been found that, interface IP address, subnet mask and network number;
3) set of topological connection relation preface idol.
Referring to Fig. 7, the embodiment of the invention provides the topological diagram under the real network environment CERNET2, and network topology structure is: to be positioned at Pekinese's router is example, and this router is connecting and lays respectively at Tianjin, Shenyang, Beijing University of Post ﹠ Telecommunication, Beijing University, Zhengzhou, and the router in Wuhan, other annexation is similar.
The network environment that provides at Fig. 7, the practical topology schematic diagram that adopts the CERNET2 that topology discovery method of the present invention draws as shown in Figure 8, to be positioned at Pekinese's router is seed router, if being set, it finds that degree of depth maximum is 2, then pass through the embodiment of the invention, can be found to and find that the degree of depth is 1 the router that is positioned at the limit, Tianjin, be positioned at the router on limit, Shenyang, be positioned at the router of Beijing University of Post ﹠ Telecommunication, be positioned at the router of Peking University, the router that is positioned at the router in Zhengzhou and is positioned at Wuhan is that 1 the router that is positioned at Tianjin is an example to have found the degree of depth, further carries out the degree of depth when finding, can be found to the router that is positioned at Tianjin, satisfied the maximum 2 of finding the degree of depth, the further degree of depth of other network topology branch roads is found similarly, repeats no more.
The embodiment of the invention goes up checking at CERNET (CERNET) and China Education and Research Network of future generation (CERNET2) respectively, and method is efficient, intelligence and accurate, has reached expection invention target.
Method provided by the invention is based on heuristic and thought greedy method, by intelligence infer, checking is progressively from waiting to find that router expands to the periphery, have the automated reasoning of IP address and the self-adjustment capability of seek scope, thereby has certain adaptivity, needed time of method and space expense that prior art provides have been reduced, can find the topological connection relation of all kinds of IP address backbone network automatically, accurately and efficiently, and the topological structure to IP network carries out real-time monitoring in the continuous service of system.Solve the shortcoming of consuming time, poor efficiency of the topology discovery method of traditional route forwarding table based on router, reached the invention target of expection.
Because major part is the search operation of linear structure in the embodiment of the invention, some is to communicate with the network equipment, also comprise simple mathematical or logical operation.The time complexity of the search operation of linear structure is O (n), and the value of embodiment of the invention scale n is very little, and value is below three figure places.Therefore, mainly consume in network communication running time substantially as can be seen, so the time efficiency of the embodiment of the invention is very high.
The above only is preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is in order to restriction the present invention, within the spirit and principles in the present invention not all, any modification of being done, is equal to replacement, improvement etc., all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (4)

1. the topology discovery method of an IP backbone network is characterized in that, sets in advance the maximum of finding the degree of depth, and carries out following steps:
Steps A: read and wait to find that the IP address of router obtains the total interface address and the subnet mask of described router;
Step B: the interface IP address according to described router calculates the subnet address that links to each other with described router with subnet mask;
Step C: the IP address of inferring corresponding subnet according to the subnet address that calculates;
Step D: choose the IP address of inferring,, obtain the IP address of equipment with routing function of connection by the type of Simple Network Management Protocol, Border Gateway Protocol judgment device;
Step e: the annexation of the IP address that preservation is taken out and the IP address of described router;
Step F: will find that the degree of depth adds 1, and judge that the described discovery degree of depth will be whether more than or equal to the maximum of the described discovery degree of depth, if finish; Otherwise, the router of described taking-up IP address correspondence is put into formation to be found, return steps A.
2. the topology discovery method of IP backbone network as claimed in claim 1, described step D specifically comprises:
Step D1: judge according to described subnet address whether the IP address of inferring is the IP address of described router its own interfaces correspondence, if, execution in step D2; Otherwise, execution in step D3;
Step D2: preserve the IP address of described router its own interfaces correspondence, carry out described step e then;
Step D3: judge by described Simple Network Management Protocol, described Border Gateway Protocol whether the IP address corresponding equipment of inferring is router, if router is carried out described step e, otherwise, abandon this IP address.
3. the topology discovery method of IP backbone network as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, described step D specifically comprises:
Whether the IP address corresponding equipment of inferring by the object identifier in the Simple Network Management Protocol, Border Gateway Protocol is the equipment with routing function, if choose this IP address; Otherwise, abandon this IP address.
4. the topology discovery method of IP backbone network as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, when described router startup Border Gateway Protocol, described step D specifically comprises:
From the IP address of inferring, select the IP address of the router that directly links to each other with described router by the information in the management information bank.
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