CN107104845B - Network topology discovery method and system - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method and a system for discovering network topology, wherein the method comprises the following steps: acquiring characteristic data of all network elements in a network to be analyzed in real time, and testing the characteristic data to obtain network element fingerprint information of each network element; acquiring and dividing a network to be analyzed according to network element fingerprint information to obtain a divided network; selecting any one of the network elements of the divided network as a current network element, and generating a detection data table in the current network element according to all the network elements in the divided network; transmitting tracert according to the detection data table, acquiring a routing path from a current network element to each network element of a divided network through the tracert, and generating a network topology link according to the routing path; and performing superposition operation on each network topology link to obtain a target network topology link. The invention realizes the acquisition of the change of the real-time state of the network element and can quickly access the network element through the fingerprint information of the network element; not only does not affect the structure of the user network when being deployed, but also is not limited by the jurisdiction of the network.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to the field of network management technologies, and in particular, to a method and a system for discovering a network topology.
Background
With the increasing size and complexity of computer networks, various devices such as hosts, hubs, routers, switches, wireless devices, etc. connected to the networks are in a wide variety, and the information traffic on the networks is rapidly increasing, and the interconnection relationships between nodes are also becoming more complex. Powerful network management software is a main network management mode at present. Network topology discovery is a fundamental and important technology in network management. Network topology discovery refers to determining interconnection relationships between network elements. The network topology connection diagram provides an intuitive means for network management personnel to know the connection condition of the global network, and the network management personnel can integrally master the condition of the network, find network abnormality in time and diagnose problems.
At present, the most common topology discovery algorithm based on the SNMP protocol is used, but because the network topology has dynamic characteristics, the network topology changes continuously along with the increase and the cancel of network points and connections, so that the network element state information cannot be accessed quickly and the change of the real-time state of the network element cannot be captured; so that maintaining more and more network topology discovery and management requires enormous manpower and material resources.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a network topology discovery method and a network topology discovery system, which can acquire the change of the real-time state of a network element and can quickly access the network element through network element fingerprint information; not only does not affect the network structure of the user during deployment, but also is not limited by the jurisdiction range of the network, and can carry out detection analysis on the cross-domain network topology structure; manpower and material resources consumed for maintaining network topology discovery and management are greatly reduced.
The invention provides a network topology discovery method, which comprises the following steps:
acquiring characteristic data of all network elements in a network to be analyzed in real time, and testing the characteristic data to obtain network element fingerprint information of each network element;
acquiring the network element fingerprint information, and dividing the network to be analyzed according to the network element fingerprint information to obtain a divided network;
selecting any one network element of the divided network as a current network element, and generating a detection data table in the current network element according to all the network elements in the divided network;
transmitting tracert (tracking route) according to the detection data table, acquiring a route path from a current network element to each network element of the divided network through the tracert, and generating a network topology link according to the route path;
and performing superposition operation on each network topology link to obtain a target network topology link.
As an implementable embodiment, the performing the test processing on the feature data to obtain the network element fingerprint information of each network element includes the following steps:
performing operating system test on the characteristic data to obtain fingerprint information of the host operating system;
carrying out open port test on the characteristic data to obtain open port list fingerprint information;
carrying out private protocol detection judgment on the characteristic data to obtain host type fingerprint information;
and combining the fingerprint information of the host operating system, the fingerprint information of the open port list and the fingerprint information of the host type to obtain the fingerprint information of the network element.
As an implementable embodiment, the network topology discovery method provided by the present invention further includes the following steps:
and after the network element fingerprint information of each network element is obtained, storing the network element fingerprint information to obtain a fingerprint database.
As an implementation manner, the overlaying operation is performed on each network topology link to obtain a target network topology link, including the following steps:
comparing and judging each network topology link;
when the network topology links have the same routing path, merging the same routing path;
when at least two routing paths with the same network element exist in the network topology link, the same network elements are merged.
Correspondingly, the invention also provides a network topology discovery system, which comprises an acquisition module, a division module, a detection data table generation module, a network topology link generation module and a superposition operation module;
the acquisition module is used for acquiring the characteristic data of all network elements in the network to be analyzed in real time, and testing the characteristic data to obtain the network element fingerprint information of each network element;
the dividing module is used for acquiring the network element fingerprint information and dividing the network to be analyzed according to the network element fingerprint information to obtain a divided network;
the detection data table generating module is configured to select any one of the network elements of the divided network as a current network element, and generate a detection data table in the current network element according to all the network elements in the divided network;
the network topology link generation module is used for transmitting tracert according to the detection data table, acquiring a routing path from a current network element to each network element of the divided network through the tracert, and generating a network topology link according to the routing path;
and the superposition operation module is used for carrying out superposition operation on each network topology link to obtain a target network topology link.
As an implementable manner, the obtaining module includes a test processing unit;
the test processing unit is used for carrying out operating system test on the characteristic data to obtain fingerprint information of the host operating system;
the system is used for carrying out open port test on the characteristic data to obtain open port list fingerprint information;
the device is used for detecting and judging the private protocol of the characteristic data to obtain the fingerprint information of the host type;
and combining the fingerprint information of the host operating system, the fingerprint information of the open port list and the fingerprint information of the host type to obtain the fingerprint information of the network element.
As an implementable manner, the network topology discovery system provided by the invention further comprises a storage module;
and the storage module is used for storing the network element fingerprint information to obtain a fingerprint database after the network element fingerprint information of each network element is obtained.
As an implementable embodiment, the overlay operation module includes a judgment unit, a routing path merging unit, and a network element merging unit;
the judging unit is used for comparing and judging each network topology link;
the routing path merging unit is used for merging the same routing paths when the same routing paths exist in the network topology links;
the network element merging unit is configured to merge the same network elements when there are at least two routing paths in the network topology link, where the at least two routing paths have the same network element.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme has the following advantages:
the invention provides a method and a system for discovering network topology, which firstly realize the test processing of characteristic data by acquiring the characteristic data of all network elements in a network to be analyzed in real time to obtain the network element fingerprint information of each network element; then, dividing the network to be analyzed according to the network element fingerprint information to obtain divided networks; selecting any one of the network elements of the divided network as a current network element again, and generating a detection data table in the current network element according to all the network elements in the divided network; generating a network topology link according to the detection data table; and finally, performing superposition operation on each network topology link to obtain a target network topology link. The invention realizes the acquisition of the change of the real-time state of the network element and can quickly access the network element through the fingerprint information of the network element; not only does not affect the network structure of the user during deployment, but also is not limited by the jurisdiction range of the network, and can carry out detection analysis on the cross-domain network topology structure; manpower and material resources consumed for maintaining network topology discovery and management are greatly reduced.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic flowchart of a network topology discovery method according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a network topology discovery system according to a second embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of the overlay operation module of FIG. 2;
in the figure: 100. an acquisition module; 110. a test processing unit; 200. a dividing module; 300. a detection data table generation module; 400. a network topology link generation module; 500. a superposition operation module; 510. a judgment unit; 520. a routing path merging unit; 530. a network element merging unit; 600. and a storage module.
Detailed Description
The above and further features and advantages of the present invention will be apparent from the following, complete description of the invention, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein the described embodiments are merely some, but not all embodiments of the invention.
Referring to fig. 1, a method for discovering a network topology according to an embodiment of the present invention includes the following steps:
s100, acquiring characteristic data of all network elements in a network to be analyzed in real time, and testing the characteristic data to obtain network element fingerprint information of each network element;
s200, acquiring network element fingerprint information, and dividing the network to be analyzed according to the network element fingerprint information to obtain a divided network;
the network segment is a part of a computer network which uses the same physical layer for direct communication, usually referring to ABCDE address, and the subnet is the more detailed division of the network segment; that is, each network segment and sub-network has its own subset, and there may be some cases where their subsets are the same; the whole analysis network can be effectively divided through the network segments and the subnetworks.
S300, selecting any one of the network elements of the divided network as a current network element, and generating a detection data table in the current network element according to all the network elements in the divided network;
selecting any network element of the divided network as the current network element, or selecting any network element of all network segments or subnets as the current network element at the same time to perform the subsequent steps, or selecting a certain network segment or subnet to perform the subsequent steps first, and finally, all the network segments and subnets need to be processed, so that each generated detection data table is consistent with the network element in the corresponding network segment or subnet.
S400, transmitting tracert according to the detection data table, acquiring a routing path from the current network element to each network element of the divided network through the tracert, and generating a network topology link according to the routing path;
tracert is a route tracing utility that determines the path taken by an IP packet to access a destination, using an IP Time To Live (TTL) field and ICMP error messages to determine the route from one host to other hosts on the network. Generating a network topology link of a network segment or a subnet where the network element is located in a current network element; each generated network topology link is an independent network topology link composed of routing paths, and of course, some identical routing paths and network element nodes exist among the network topology links.
And S500, performing superposition operation on each network topology link to obtain a target network topology link.
The network topology discovery method provided by the invention realizes the test processing of the characteristic data by acquiring the characteristic data of all network elements in the network to be analyzed in real time to obtain the network element fingerprint information of each network element; dividing the network to be analyzed according to the network element fingerprint information to obtain divided networks; selecting any one of the network elements of the divided network as a current network element, and generating a detection data table in the current network element according to all the network elements in the divided network; generating a network topology link according to the detection data table; and performing superposition operation on each network topology link to obtain a target network topology link. The invention realizes the acquisition of the change of the real-time state of the network element and can quickly access the network element through the fingerprint information of the network element; not only does not affect the network structure of the user during deployment, but also is not limited by the jurisdiction range of the network, and can carry out detection analysis on the cross-domain network topology structure; manpower and material resources consumed for maintaining network topology discovery and management are greatly reduced.
Specifically, step S100 includes the following steps:
s110, performing operating system test on the characteristic data to obtain fingerprint information of the host operating system;
s120, carrying out open port test on the feature data to obtain open port list fingerprint information;
s130, carrying out private protocol detection and judgment on the characteristic data to obtain host type fingerprint information;
s140, merging the fingerprint information of the host operating system, the fingerprint information of the open port list and the fingerprint information of the host type to obtain the fingerprint information of the network element.
The network element fingerprint information can distinguish each network element as fingerprints for the combination of various fine features among each network element, and the network element fingerprint information is obtained by testing feature data, and certainly not only contains host operating system fingerprint information and open port list fingerprint information; other required information can be contained, such as running service information, operating system version information and other related information; and enabling each network element fingerprint information to correspond to a unique network element.
The network topology discovery method provided by another embodiment of the present invention further includes the following steps based on the above embodiment:
after the network element fingerprint information of each network element is obtained, storing the network element fingerprint information to obtain a fingerprint database; when the network element fingerprint information is stored, the new network element fingerprint information needs to be compared with the network element fingerprint information in the fingerprint database; if the fingerprint information of the new network element does not exist in the fingerprint database, storing the fingerprint information of the new network element into the fingerprint database; by utilizing the existence of the fingerprint database, in the process of generating the target network topology link, the characteristic data of all network elements in the network to be analyzed does not need to be directly acquired, and only the fingerprint information of the network elements which are subjected to test processing needs to be acquired, and other subsequent steps are carried out; the network element state information can be accessed quickly, the system operation burden is reduced, and the operation efficiency is improved.
Specifically, step S500 includes the following steps:
s510, comparing and judging each network topology link;
s520, when the same routing path exists in the network topology link, combining the same routing path;
s530, when at least two routing paths with the same network element exist in the network topology link, the same network element is merged.
Through the steps, repeated network elements and repeated routing paths do not exist in the target network topology link.
The following illustrates the process of obtaining the target network topology link:
in a county area (equivalent to a subnet), selecting a terminal as a current network element in the county area; generating a detection data table in the terminal according to all network elements in the county area; transmitting tracert according to the detection data table, acquiring a routing path from a current network element to each network element of a divided network through the tracert, and generating a network topology link according to the routing path; such as:
a. a terminal-1 forms a linear routing path to a terminal-2 in the same county area;
b. a terminal-1 forms a linear routing path to a terminal-3 in the same county area;
---
n, forming a linear routing path from the terminal-1 to a terminal-2N in the same county area;
n +1, the 2N linear routing paths are overlapped and converged into a single-point divergent star-shaped network topology link.
n +2, a routing path formed by the server to each terminal in the same county area;
and n +3, overlapping and superposing a routing path from the server to each terminal and divergent star-shaped network topology links formed by a plurality of single points, thereby forming a target network topology in a county area.
Based on the same inventive concept, the embodiment of the present invention further provides a network topology discovery system, which can be implemented by referring to the process of the above method, and the repeated parts are not described in detail.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a network topology discovery system according to a second embodiment of the present invention; the method comprises an acquisition module 100, a division module 200, a detection data table generation module 300, a network topology link generation module 400 and a superposition operation module 500;
the acquiring module 100 is configured to acquire feature data of all network elements in a network to be analyzed in real time, and perform test processing on the feature data to obtain network element fingerprint information of each network element;
the dividing module 200 is configured to obtain network element fingerprint information, and divide a network to be analyzed according to the network element fingerprint information to obtain a divided network;
the detection data table generating module 300 is configured to select any one of the network elements of the divided network as a current network element, and generate a detection data table in the current network element according to all the network elements in the divided network;
the network topology link generation module 400 is configured to transmit tracert according to the probe data table, obtain a routing path from the current network element to each network element of the divided network through the tracert, and generate a network topology link according to the routing path;
the overlay operation module 500 is configured to perform overlay operation on each network topology link to obtain a target network topology link.
Specifically, the obtaining module 100 includes a test processing unit 110;
the test processing unit 110 is configured to perform an operating system test on the feature data to obtain fingerprint information of the host operating system; the system is used for carrying out open port test on the characteristic data to obtain open port list fingerprint information; the device is used for detecting and judging the private protocol of the characteristic data to obtain the fingerprint information of the host type; and combining the fingerprint information of the host operating system, the fingerprint information of the open port list and the fingerprint information of the host type to obtain the fingerprint information of the network element.
The network topology discovery system provided in another embodiment of the present invention further includes a storage module 600 based on the above embodiment;
the storage module 600 is configured to store the network element fingerprint information of each network element after obtaining the network element fingerprint information of each network element, so as to obtain a fingerprint database.
As shown in fig. 3, it is a schematic structural diagram of the stacking operation module 500; comprises a judging unit 510, a routing path merging unit 520 and a network element merging unit 530;
the judging unit 510 is configured to compare and judge each network topology link;
the routing path merging unit 520 is configured to merge the same routing paths when the network topology links have the same routing paths;
the network element merging unit 530 is configured to merge the same network elements when there are at least two routing paths in the network topology link, where the at least two routing paths have the same network element.
The invention provides a method and a system for discovering network topology, which firstly realize the test processing of characteristic data by acquiring the characteristic data of all network elements in a network to be analyzed in real time to obtain the network element fingerprint information of each network element; then, dividing the network to be analyzed according to the network element fingerprint information to obtain divided networks; selecting any one of the network elements of the divided network as a current network element again, and generating a detection data table in the current network element according to all the network elements in the divided network; generating a network topology link according to the detection data table; and finally, performing superposition operation on each network topology link to obtain a target network topology link. The invention realizes the acquisition of the change of the real-time state of the network element and can quickly access the network element through the fingerprint information of the network element; not only does not affect the network structure of the user during deployment, but also is not limited by the jurisdiction range of the network, and can carry out detection analysis on the cross-domain network topology structure; manpower and material resources consumed for maintaining network topology discovery and management are greatly reduced.
Although the present invention has been described with reference to the preferred embodiments, it is not intended to limit the present invention, and those skilled in the art can make variations and modifications of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention by using the methods and technical contents disclosed above.
Claims (6)
1. A network topology discovery method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
acquiring characteristic data of all network elements in a network to be analyzed in real time, and testing the characteristic data to obtain network element fingerprint information of each network element;
acquiring the network element fingerprint information, and dividing the network to be analyzed according to the network element fingerprint information to obtain a divided network;
selecting any one network element of the divided network as a current network element, and generating a detection data table in the current network element according to all the network elements in the divided network;
transmitting tracert according to the detection data table, acquiring a routing path from the current network element to each network element of the divided network through the tracert, and generating a network topology link according to the routing path;
performing superposition operation on each network topology link to obtain a target network topology link;
the step of testing the characteristic data to obtain the network element fingerprint information of each network element comprises the following steps:
performing operating system test on the characteristic data to obtain fingerprint information of the host operating system;
carrying out open port test on the characteristic data to obtain open port list fingerprint information;
carrying out private protocol detection judgment on the characteristic data to obtain host type fingerprint information;
and combining the fingerprint information of the host operating system, the fingerprint information of the open port list and the fingerprint information of the host type to obtain the fingerprint information of the network element.
2. The method for network topology discovery according to claim 1, further comprising the steps of:
and after the network element fingerprint information of each network element is obtained, storing the network element fingerprint information to obtain a fingerprint database.
3. The method for discovering network topology according to claim 1, wherein the step of performing overlay operation on each network topology link to obtain a target network topology link comprises the steps of:
comparing and judging each network topology link;
when the network topology links have the same routing path, merging the same routing path;
when at least two routing paths with the same network element exist in the network topology link, the same network elements are merged.
4. A network topology discovery system is characterized by comprising an acquisition module, a division module, a detection data table generation module, a network topology link generation module and a superposition operation module;
the acquisition module is used for acquiring the characteristic data of all network elements in the network to be analyzed in real time, and testing the characteristic data to obtain the network element fingerprint information of each network element;
the dividing module is used for acquiring the network element fingerprint information and dividing the network to be analyzed according to the network element fingerprint information to obtain a divided network;
the detection data table generating module is configured to select any one of the network elements of the divided network as a current network element, and generate a detection data table in the current network element according to all the network elements in the divided network;
the network topology link generation module is used for transmitting tracert according to the detection data table, acquiring a routing path from a current network element to each network element of the divided network through the tracert, and generating a network topology link according to the routing path;
the superposition operation module is used for carrying out superposition operation on each network topology link to obtain a target network topology link;
the acquisition module comprises a test processing unit;
the test processing unit is used for carrying out operating system test on the characteristic data to obtain fingerprint information of the host operating system;
the system is used for carrying out open port test on the characteristic data to obtain open port list fingerprint information;
the device is used for detecting and judging the private protocol of the characteristic data to obtain the fingerprint information of the host type;
and combining the fingerprint information of the host operating system, the fingerprint information of the open port list and the fingerprint information of the host type to obtain the fingerprint information of the network element.
5. The network topology discovery system of claim 4, further comprising a storage module;
and the storage module is used for storing the network element fingerprint information to obtain a fingerprint database after the network element fingerprint information of each network element is obtained.
6. The network topology discovery system according to claim 4, wherein said overlay operation module comprises a determining unit, a routing path merging unit and a network element merging unit;
the judging unit is used for comparing and judging each network topology link;
the routing path merging unit is used for merging the same routing paths when the same routing paths exist in the network topology links;
the network element merging unit is configured to merge the same network elements when there are at least two routing paths in the network topology link, where the at least two routing paths have the same network element.
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