CN100514807C - EMI-reducing single-stage power factor correcting circuit - Google Patents

EMI-reducing single-stage power factor correcting circuit Download PDF

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Publication number
CN100514807C
CN100514807C CNB2007100711465A CN200710071146A CN100514807C CN 100514807 C CN100514807 C CN 100514807C CN B2007100711465 A CNB2007100711465 A CN B2007100711465A CN 200710071146 A CN200710071146 A CN 200710071146A CN 100514807 C CN100514807 C CN 100514807C
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power factor
circuit
inductance
factor correcting
stage power
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CN101136583A (en
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马皓
徐晔
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Zhejiang University ZJU
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Zhejiang University ZJU
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B70/00—Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
    • Y02B70/10—Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P80/00—Climate change mitigation technologies for sector-wide applications
    • Y02P80/10—Efficient use of energy, e.g. using compressed air or pressurized fluid as energy carrier

Abstract

This invention discloses a single-step power factor correction circuit for reducing EMI, which applies a mode of mutual couple of two windings and puts an inductor for correcting input current wave on the front of a rectifying bridge to improve the magnetic interference of single-step PFC circuit and limits voltage of energy-storing capacitor by connecting central taps of first windings of a transformer, when a switch tube is turned off, part of energy stored in the primary coupled PFC inductor is provided to the energy-stored capacitor for charging and the other is transmitted to the secondary by the transformer directly so as to increase the entire efficiency of the converter.

Description

A kind of single-stage power factor correcting circuit that reduces EMI
Technical field
The present invention relates to circuit of power factor correction, be meant a kind of employing coupled power factor correcting (PFC) inductance specifically, and can reduce the single-stage power factor correcting circuit of electromagnetic interference (EMI).
Background technology
The extensive at present traditional often two-stage type power factor correction technology of circuit of power factor correction that adopts, but its circuit element is many, and cost is higher, and the circuit complexity, is not suitable for the middle low power occasion.For reducing the cost of two stage power factor correcting circuit, people have proposed multiple single-level power factor correction technology in recent years.General single-stage power factor correcting circuit is to work in discontinuous conduction mode by the control inductive current, realizes power factor emendation function automatically.In order to realize the balance of input and output power, guarantee the retention time of power supply simultaneously, need a low frequency electric capacity storage power.Because input current is discontinuous, contains a large amount of Harmonics of Input, so need add electromagnetic interference suppression circuit at input, entire circuit is with regard to more complicated.
In the circuit of power factor correction of single-stage,, realize the quick adjustment of correction, electrical isolation and the output voltage of input current waveform simultaneously by single control circuit.Owing to removed in traditional two-step way control, when stating function in realization, must guarantee storage capacitor voltage (usually below 400V) within suitable scope to storage capacitor voltage.Most single-level circuit is similar to the importation of BOOST by one and the DC/DC of Forward or Flyback partly forms.Usually, the characteristic of single-level circuit aspect power factor and total harmonic distortion is not as two-stage circuit.Usually power factor is at 0.8-0.95, and THD is within the scope of 20-75%.
As shown in fig. 1, be that (patent No. is US6 to the United States Patent (USP) " AC/DC Flyback Converter " applied for of M.M.Jonanovic and L.Huber, 950,319), this patent has proposed a kind of simple, low-cost, high efficiency and the good single-stage power factor correcting circuit of output characteristic.In Fig. 1, by anode at rectifier bridge, and the PFC inductance L that inserts between the former limit tapping of anti-violent change depressor PFC, realized corrective action to input current.By two other rectifier diode D 1a, D 1b, can at the storage capacitor electric voltage dropping when being lower than input voltage, constitute the direct charge circuit of input, and can reduce the ripple of input current storage capacitor.
The PFC inductance L PFCWith rectifier diode D 1e, D 1fBe connected in series with the tap of former limit winding, can be storage capacitor C BVoltage limit in certain scope.For 90-264V RmsInput, storage capacitor voltage can be below 400V usually.In the time of switching tube SW closure, winding N 2With the PFC inductance L PFCBe in series winding N 2Can feed back storage capacitor C BVoltage, reduce the PFC inductance L PFCThe rate of rise of electric current; When switching tube SW disconnects, winding N 1With the PFC inductance L PFCBe in series winding N 1To the reflected voltage of secondary output voltage, can increase the PFC inductance L PFCThe descending slope of electric current.So no matter switching tube SW is closure or turn-offs, and can suppress storage capacitor C by the induced voltage of the former limit of transformer winding BMagnitude of voltage.In addition, when switching tube SW was closed, input voltage can pass through winding N 2Increase the magnetization energy of transformer; When switching tube SW turn-offed, stored energy in the PFC inductance was by winding N 1Directly to the secondary transmission, these can promote the efficient of whole converter.Optimize winding N 1, N 2Ratio, can improve the performance of whole converter, indexs such as power factor, storage capacitor voltage and efficient are optimized.
In low power application, the PFC inductance L PFCBe usually operated at the DCM pattern.Under the DCM pattern, if the duty ratio approximately constant of each switch periods, the waveform of input current will be followed the tracks of input voltage waveform so, reduce the input current harmonics distortion.Increase the PFC inductance L PFCInductance value can reduce the peak value of inductive current, improve efficient.But the PFC inductance value is excessive, can make the PFC inductance L PFCElectric current can not the rapid release energy at the peak value place of input voltage, and enters the continuous pattern CCM of electric current, and input current forms a pinnacle.
For storage capacitor voltage is not risen to when load lightens, anti-violent change depressor T is usually operated at DCM or the critical continuous pattern of DCM/CCM.(patent No. is US5 to the United States Patent (USP) that M.M.Jonanovic applied for " AC/DC Flyback Converter with Improved Power Factor and ReducedSwitching Loss ", 991,172), propose to adopt the pattern of critical continuous control, reduce the turn-on consumption of switching tube SW.Like this, just must in full voltage input and full load output area, realize the control of frequency conversion.On the one hand, the control of frequency conversion is unfavorable for the design of electromagnetic interface filter; On the other hand, when load was light, it is very high that switching frequency can become, thereby increased switching loss, is difficult to satisfy the requirement of standard of energy.Can work in the input range of full voltage well as the circuit among Fig. 1, simultaneously, improve later single stage topology, reduce the number of series diode in the PFC inductive current loop, reduce conduction loss, promote efficient.For the research and the improvement of single-level circuit topology proposed good use for reference of planning.But the input side exchanging has six diodes altogether, complex structure, and bypass diode can form harmonic current to the storage capacitor charging, and total harmonic distortion is big.
Summary of the invention
The present invention proposes the single-stage power factor correcting circuit of a kind of EMI of reduction, adopt coupling PFC inductance, have High Power Factor, low conduction loss, low EMI and high efficiency advantage.
Adopt two modes that winding intercouples, the inductance that will be used for the input current waveform correction is placed on the rectifier bridge front, when realizing power factor correction, improves the EMI of single-stage pfc circuit.In addition, reduce the diode of two bypasses, simplify the structure of input side.
A kind of single-stage power factor correcting circuit that adopts coupling PFC inductance to reduce EMI comprises:
A filter circuit (EMI Filter) that reduces electromagnetic interference;
A rectifier bridge D who input ac voltage is carried out rectification B
The storage capacitor C that the input electric energy is carried out filtering B
Two inductance L 1, L 2Respectively with the output of filter circuit in a bit with the rectifier bridge ac input end in a bit be connected, and these two inductance intercouple, one group different name end is connected to two output points of filter circuit, another group different name end is connected to two of rectifier bridge and exchanges input points, the inductance of using as power factor correction;
The former limit winding of high frequency transformer, an end and storage capacitor C BPositive pole be connected, the other end is connected with the drain electrode of switching tube, centre cap and rectifier bridge D BPositive output end be connected;
A controllable switching tube links to each other Transformer Winding with former border district;
The negative output terminal of rectifier bridge, storage capacitor C BNegative pole and the source electrode of switching tube be connected with former border district;
The diode of a rectification is connected the secondary winding with the output storage capacitor; Be connected to load between output storage capacitor and the secondary ground.
The control circuit of controllable switching tube adopts the control mode of deciding frequency, the duty ratio of control switch pipe, also can adopt the control mode of variable frequency, the duty ratio of control switch pipe, guarantee that converter is operated in the critical conduction mode between the CCM/DCM when heavy duty, when underloading, limit the turn-off time of switching tube simultaneously, thus the switching frequency of restriction converter.
Described coupling inductance L 1, L 2Be operated in interrupted (DCM) pattern.
By the centre tapped connected mode of the former limit of transformer winding, can limit below the storage capacitor voltage 400V.When switching tube turn-offs, the PFC inductance on former limit, a part is to the storage capacitor charging, and another part directly transmits to secondary by transformer, has promoted the whole efficiency of converter.This topological structure has only two diode drops in the loop of power circuit of input, reduced on-state loss.And exchange input side and only have four rectifier diodes, simplified the structure of single-stage pfc circuit, reduced cost.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the single-stage power factor correcting circuit that M.M.Jonanovic and L.Huber propose.
Fig. 2 is the input line voltage u of single-stage power factor correcting circuit InWith the incoming line current i InWaveform.
Fig. 3 adopts coupling PFC inductance to reduce a kind of single-stage power factor correcting circuit of EMI.
Fig. 4 (a) is a single-stage power factor correcting circuit among Fig. 3, in switching tube SW conducting, and when input line voltage is positive polarity, the PFC inductance L 1, L 2The current flowing path of electric current.
Fig. 4 (b) is a single-stage power factor correcting circuit among Fig. 3, in switching tube SW conducting, and when input line voltage is negative polarity, the PFC inductance L 1, L 2The current flowing path of electric current.
Fig. 4 (c) is a single-stage power factor correcting circuit among Fig. 3, disconnects at switching tube SW, and when input line voltage is positive polarity, the PFC inductance L 1, L 2The current flowing path of electric current.
Fig. 4 (d) is a single-stage power factor correcting circuit among Fig. 3, disconnects at switching tube SW, and when input line voltage is negative polarity, the PFC inductance L 1, L 2The current flowing path of electric current.
Embodiment
On circuit base shown in Figure 1, adopt the PFC inductance L of two winding coupled 1, L 2, place it in before the rectifier bridge, just obtained single-stage power factor correcting circuit of the present invention shown in Figure 3, wherein cancelled the diode D of two bypasses among Fig. 1 1a, D 1bThis circuit has kept the advantage and the achievement of circuit among Fig. 1, and the structure of former limit tapping can be fed back storage capacitor voltage, makes it be lower than 400V; When switching tube SW conducting or disconnection, in the formed loop of power circuit, have only the pressure drop of two diodes, conduction loss is low; When switching tube SW disconnects, the PFC inductance L 1, L 2Stored energy, a part is to the storage capacitor charging, and another part directly transmits to secondary by transformer, promotes whole efficient.Control circuit can take to decide frequency by conducting and shutoff that the detection to output voltage comes control switch pipe SW, anti-violent change depressor T 1Be operated in CCM or DCM pattern; Also can take variable frequency control, anti-violent change depressor T 1Be operated in the DCM/CCM critical conduction mode, under this pattern, must limit, reduce the switching loss under the underloading the converter switches frequency, such as, can be by the limit switch pipe mode of SW turn-off time.The diode D of secondary SCan adopt Schottky diode or synchronous rectifier.
Certainly,, make input current a step occur at the zero crossing place, reduce power factor owing to adopt the centre tapped structure of former limit winding.As shown in Figure 2, can be divided into I and two zones of II to the circuit working pattern.When circuit working during in area I, the PFC inductance L 1, L 2Do not work, entire circuit is equivalent to a circuit of reversed excitation.When the II zone of circuit working in Fig. 2, PFC inductance L 1, L 2There is electric current to flow through.
Shown in Fig. 4 (a), (c), be input ac voltage u InIn the time of for positive polarity, the PFC inductance L in the II zone of the circuit working among Fig. 3 in Fig. 2 1, L 2Current direction figure, each switch periods can be divided into four-stage:
(a), switching tube SW conducting, storage capacitor C BBy the former limit of transformer winding N 1, N 2With switching tube SW to the magnetizing inductance energy storage; Input ac power u InDiode D by rectifier bridge B1, D B4, winding N 2With switching tube SW to the PFC inductance L 1, L 2Energy storage simultaneously, is also passed through the winding N of transformer 2To the magnetizing inductance energy storage.
Comprised in the magnetization energy in the transformer and come from storage capacitor C B, and AC power input u InWherein, the latter gives the direct energy storage of static exciter inductance from electrical network, and is middle without the storage capacitor storage power.
(b), switching tube SW disconnects secondary diode D SConducting, the static exciter energy that stores in the stage at (a) passes through secondary diode D STo output capacitance C FDischarge.Input ac power u InDiode D by rectifier bridge B1, D B4, Transformer Winding N 1With storage capacitor C BConstitute the PFC inductance L 1, L 2Energy discharge path.At this moment, PFC inductance L 1, L 2In an energy part by winding N 1Be directly delivered to secondary, another part energy is given storage capacitor C BCharging.Up to the PFC inductance L 1, L 2Electric current drops to zero, and (b) stage finishes.
In this stage, the energy that is transferred to load-side also has from the PFC inductance L except the excitation part in the transformer 1, L 2Be directly delivered to the part of output.Generally, PFC inductance L 1, L 2Electric current can be at first interrupted, from waveform, secondary diode D SCurrent waveform can present the shape of broken line.
(c), magnetization energy continues by secondary diode D STo the output capacitance charging, drop to zero up to exciting current, (c) stage finishes.
(d), too high in order to prevent power supply frequency when the underloading, adopt usually and decide frequency, the mode of limit switch pipe SW turn-off time perhaps frequency conversion rate while, so, have all currentless stage of former limit and secondary (d).
As input ac voltage u InFor negative polarity the time, the PFC inductance L in the II zone of the circuit working among Fig. 3 in Fig. 2 1, L 2Current direction figure, shown in Fig. 4 (b), (d), its principle is identical when being input as positive polarity.So just realized correction, had High Power Factor input current waveform.

Claims (6)

1. single-stage power factor correcting circuit that reduces EMI adopts the structure of coupling PFC inductance, comprising:
A filter circuit that reduces electromagnetic interference;
A rectifier bridge (D who input ac voltage is carried out rectification B);
One to input ac voltage through rectifier bridge (D B) the later voltage of the rectification storage capacitor (C that carries out filtering B);
A high frequency transformer, its former limit winding one end and storage capacitor (C B) positive pole be connected, the other end is connected with the drain electrode of switching tube, its centre cap and rectifier bridge (D B) positive output end be connected;
A switching tube links to each other the former limit winding of high frequency transformer with former border district;
Rectifier bridge (D B) negative output terminal, storage capacitor (C B) negative pole and the source electrode of switching tube be connected with former border district;
A rectifier diode is connected the secondary winding with the output storage capacitor; Be connected to load between output storage capacitor and the secondary ground;
It is characterized in that: the output of filter circuit and rectifier bridge ac input end are by two inductance (L that intercouple 1, L 2) connect; First inductance (the L 1) an end be connected with an output point of filter circuit, one of the other end and rectifier bridge exchanges input point and is connected; Second inductance (the L 2) an end be connected with another output point of filter circuit, another of the other end and rectifier bridge exchanges input point and is connected; Two inductance (L 1, L 2) the two ends different name end each other that connects filter circuit.
2. a single-stage power factor correcting circuit as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: described rectifier diode employing Schottky diode.
3. a single-stage power factor correcting circuit as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: described rectifier diode employing synchronous rectifier.
4. single-stage power factor correcting circuit as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: the control circuit of described switching tube adopts the control mode of deciding frequency, the duty ratio of control switch pipe.
5. single-stage power factor correcting circuit as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: the control circuit of described switching tube adopts the control mode of variable frequency, the duty ratio of control switch pipe, so that single-stage power factor correcting circuit is operated in the critical conduction mode between CCM and the DCM when heavy duty, the turn-off time of restriction switching tube when underloading, thereby the switching frequency of limit switch pipe.
6. a single-stage power factor correcting circuit as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: described two inductance (L 1, L 2) be operated in the discontinuous current pattern.
CNB2007100711465A 2007-09-14 2007-09-14 EMI-reducing single-stage power factor correcting circuit Expired - Fee Related CN100514807C (en)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
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CN100514807C true CN100514807C (en) 2009-07-15

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101795058B (en) * 2010-03-05 2012-01-04 哈尔滨工业大学 Method for startup and magnetic reset of three-phase single-stage power factor correction circuit and realization circuit
CN101860236A (en) * 2010-05-07 2010-10-13 马生茂 Switching power supply
CN102244469A (en) * 2010-05-13 2011-11-16 鸿富锦精密工业（深圳）有限公司 Switching power supply capable of suppressing current harmonic waves
DE102011100010A1 (en) * 2011-04-29 2012-10-31 Tridonic Gmbh & Co. Kg Method and circuit for power factor correction
US9343954B2 (en) * 2012-02-29 2016-05-17 Shenzhen Vapel Power Supply Tech. Co., Ltd. Multi-input DC converter and PFC circuit
CN103916015B (en) * 2013-01-08 2018-07-03 产晶积体电路股份有限公司 Bimodulus power switch control device

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