CN100510257C - Process for repairing ancient books, paintings and calligraphy and paper literatures by using paper pulp - Google Patents
Process for repairing ancient books, paintings and calligraphy and paper literatures by using paper pulp Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a pulp repair method of ancient book, painting and calligraphy, which comprises: 1, according to the material of repaired book, painting and calligraphy, selecting pulp material, and adding the raw paper of selected pulp material into mixer, adding water and suspending agent, to mix and break uniformly; the mass ratios between raw paper, suspending agent, and water are: raw paper in 5-20; suspending agent in 5-15; and water in 500-1000, while the mixing time is 30-90s, then getting out the pulp; 2, spreading the book, painting and calligraphy on the repair support that made from paper shade; filling prepared pulp into repair pen to repair them that dropping pulp into the damaged part to use the combine force generated when the pulp becomes paper, the interlace force of fiber, and the adhesive function of suspending agent to complete said process; 3, removing repaired book, painting and calligraphy from the repair support, to be laid on the water-adsorption paper, to be dried.
Description
Technical field
Ancient books of the present invention, painting and calligraphy, paper literatures by using paper pulp renovation technique relate to is the process that a kind of ancient books, painting and calligraphy, paper document adopt paper pulp to repair.
Background technology
The way that ancient books is repaired has several, and what generally adopt at present is paste mounting method.It is low that this method has expense, and material is easy to get, and repair piece can keep the advantage of ancient books original appearance form preferably, but it is meticulous also to exist operation, wastes time and energy, and work efficiency is lower, increases original paper thickness, easily infested, mildew, and is unfavorable for later disadvantages such as keeping.Therefore, it is good to develop a kind of Vermins-proof mildew-proof performance, repairs fireballing patching material and technology, becomes domestic and international library heritage archive keeping department problem demanding prompt solution.Also there is the people doing the exploration of this respect for many years, from changing the paste prescription, changing adhesive, to using film, coating, silk screen or the like to carry out multiple trial always.Wherein adopt with the duplicate material of books matter material---paper pulp is directly repaired, and particularly people pay attention to.The sixties, the paper pulp repairing machine is developed in Europe, and is applied in some countries; 1977, Japan also developed paper pulp and repairs model machine.The advantage that Paper pulp machine is repaired is once can mend one whole page of book, and repairing speed has improved, and its sticking material of filling is fully consistent with original paper, has kept the books original appearance.Shortcoming is that equipment investment is big, the rehabilitation expense height, and the early-stage preparations time of reparation is long, and operation is still very loaded down with trivial details.
Summary of the invention
The present invention seeks to provides a kind of ancient books, calligraphy and painting, paper literatures by using paper pulp renovation technique at above-mentioned weak point, adopt body paper through the composite repairing paper pulp of making, instrument easy to use is repaired pen, it is evenly distributed in by mend, utilize the adhesive tension of cellulose hydrogen bonded power, fiber interweaving power and the composite composition of l Water Paper, make the one-tenth paper of paper pulp and be repaired part to combine securely.It is fast that it has repairing speed, easy grasp simple to operate, and repairing intensity is good, ageing-resistant, pest-resistant, the anti-mildew ability is strong, becomes the paper form good, does not increase the thickness of former repair member, easily reaches the whole old advantage that as usual waits.Material requested, instrument are easy to get, and rehabilitation expense is low, are suitable for applying in departments such as vast library, archives, museums.
Ancient books, calligraphy and painting, paper literatures by using paper pulp renovation technique:
1, according to being repaired ancient books, calligraphy and painting, paper document papery selection paper pulp material, the paper pulp material body paper that chooses is pulverized making beating: the paper pulp material body paper is put into agitator, add entry, suspending agent, stir and pulverize evenly; The weight proportion of body paper, suspending agent, water is: body paper 5～20, suspending agent 5～15, water 500～1000; Mixing time 30～90 seconds, it is standby to take out paper pulp.The pulp material fibre length is 1.3～2.6mm.
2, the ancient books that will repair, calligraphy and painting paper document lie on the repairing frame that the hand papermaking curtain does and pave, the above-mentioned paper pulp for preparing is contained in to repair in the pen repairs, ancient books, calligraphy and painting, paper document breakage are dripped benefit, with the form that instils paper pulp is leaked down, evenly distribute, deposit on the damaged face of repairing, repairing is finished in the adhesion effect of the hydrogen bonded power when utilizing paper pulp to become paper, the power that is interweaved of fiber and suspending agent voluntarily.
3, take off from repairing frame through patched ancient books, calligraphy and painting, paper document above-mentioned, lie on the blotting paper, suction is dried naturally, takes off bookbinding, promptly finishes patch work.
Described suspending agent adopts a kind of in carboxymethyl cellulose, bletilla striata soak, Chinese parasol tree soak, the carambola rattan soak.Bletilla striata soak, Chinese parasol tree soak, carambola rattan soak adopt the water soak, are 1～5 degree through the baum detectable concentration.
Described body paper is selected a kind of or mixed paper in traditional-handwork rice paper, the safe paper of hair, mulberry paper, the bamboo paper for use.
Described blotting paper adopts a kind of or mixed paper in writing paper made from bamboo, a kind of white tissue paper, the mulberry paper.
Ancient books of the present invention, painting and calligraphy, paper literatures by using paper pulp renovation technique technology are a kind of new repairing techniques that is different from the conventional repair method fully.It utilizes into paper and " revives after death ", through the composite repairing paper pulp of making, instrument easy to use is evenly distributed in by mend it, utilize the adhesive tension of cellulose hydrogen bonded power, fiber interweaving power and the composite composition of l Water Paper, make the one-tenth paper of paper pulp and be repaired part to combine securely.It is fast that it has repairing speed, easy grasp simple to operate, and repairing intensity is good, ageing-resistant, pest-resistant, the anti-mildew ability is strong, becomes the paper form good, the whole old advantage that as usual waits.Material requested, instrument are easy to get, and rehabilitation expense is low, tally with the national condition, and are suitable for applying in departments such as vast library, archives, museums, have certain social benefit and economic benefit.
Data and experiment showed, long when paper pulp fiber, when concentration is big, easily agglomerating, the precipitation, also easily agglomerating during repairing, flatness, the uniformity are all bad; And work as paper pulp fiber in short-term, and the fiber suspension degree is better, and it is convenient to repair, flatness, good evenness, but intensity decreases; Slurry concentration is low, and then fiber is thin, becomes the paper difficulty.In practice, the fibre length that should not covet is just passable as long as reparation intensity reaches certain level (near body paper).Through overtesting, and take all factors into consideration factors such as whether convenient material price, source, decision is selected to use rice paper, the safe paper of hair etc. and is repaired and use slurries made of paper.It is all more satisfactory that such paper pulp is repaired fastness, flatness, the uniformity etc., can satisfy fully and repair requirement.Test factually, pulverize making beating (referring to simple making beating, down together) and have no adverse effect keeping fibre length.The experiment of making beating and fibre length relation: rice paper is divided into three groups, be respectively and do not pull an oar, impose making beating in a minute and impose making beating in six minutes, check its fibre length then, be respectively 1.98MM, 1.82MM and 2.29MM, consider discreteness, its difference in length is little.According to practice, recommending pulp fiber length is 1.3-2.6MM, and beating time is long slightly for well.About slurry concentration, select according to repairing intensity, thickness (should not be too thick), texture factors such as (near former states) directly perceived.
Take all factors into consideration the raising slurry viscosity, composite back is to the intensity of slurry, especially ageing-resistant performance, the influence of reversibility, kind of high molecular polymer surplus having selected ten, cellulose derivative and Chinese herbal medicine are tested, through the repetition test screening, emphasis is considered the pH value of adjuvant water solution, mechanical strength after the repairing, ageing resistace and invertibity, status in modern rice paper production technology etc., therefrom selected an additive compound scheme based on a kind of cellulose derivative, improve through composite repairing pulp viscosity, the fiber suspension degree improves greatly, can place continuously and not have precipitation in six hours, has uniformity preferably, mobile, repair smooth and easy, reach even, flat effect has solved the sedimentation problem of slurry substantially, can improve paper pulp adhesion and pest-resistant anti-mildew ability greatly simultaneously.
Paper pulp is repaired pen and is utilized the principle of copying paper in the papermaking, make paper pulp sedimentation equably voluntarily, be distributed to by repair piece, with the form that instils, make under the paper pulp " leakage ", evenly distribute, deposit on the damaged area of repairing, repairing is finished in the adhesion effect of the hydrogen bonded power when utilizing paper pulp to become, the power that is interweaved of fiber and auxiliary agent voluntarily.
Selected copying that hand papermaking uses as repairing frame, test back effect is fine, page is placed directly on the paper curtain and repairs, breakage comes into plain view, and drainage performance is good, has repaired the back and has carried out second operation with page being taken off, work period shortens greatly, the paper line appears in mend, becomes the paper form true to nature, has reached the purpose of " whole as usual old ".The application of copying has improved the effect that paper pulp is repaired greatly, has improved operating efficiency, has strengthened practicality, the popularization of this technology.
The specific embodiment
Ancient books, calligraphy and painting, paper literatures by using paper pulp renovation technique example 1:
1, according to being repaired ancient books, calligraphy and painting, paper document papery selection paper pulp material, select traditional-handwork paper rice paper to make body paper, traditional-handwork paper is long with the paper fiber, does not contain inorganic filler, and not applying glue substantially more easily is reduced into paper pulp, and paper properties is good again.The paper pulp material rice paper that chooses is pulverized making beating, the paper pulp material body paper is put into agitator, add entry, suspending agent, stir and pulverize evenly; The weight ratio of body paper, suspending agent, water is: body paper 5g, suspending agent 5g, water 500g; Mixing time 30 seconds, it is standby to take out paper pulp.Suspending agent adopts carboxymethyl cellulose.The pulp material fibre length is 1.3mm.
2, the ancient books that will repair, calligraphy and painting, paper document lie on the repairing frame that the hand papermaking curtain does and pave, the above-mentioned paper pulp for preparing is contained in to repair in the pen repairs, ancient books, calligraphy and painting breakage are dripped benefit, with the form that instils paper pulp is leaked down, evenly distribute, deposit on the damaged face of repairing, repairing is finished in the adhesion effect of the hydrogen bonded power when utilizing paper pulp to become paper, the power that is interweaved of fiber and suspending agent voluntarily.
3, take off from repairing frame through patched ancient books, calligraphy and painting, paper document above-mentioned, lie on the blotting paper writing paper made from bamboo and absorb water, dry naturally, take off bookbinding, promptly finish patch work.Ancient books, calligraphy and painting, paper literatures by using paper pulp renovation technique example 2:
1, according to being repaired ancient books, calligraphy and painting, paper document papery selection paper pulp material, select the safe paper of traditional-handwork paper hair to make body paper, traditional-handwork paper is long with the paper fiber, does not contain inorganic filler, and not applying glue substantially more easily is reduced into paper pulp, and paper properties is good again.The safe paper of the paper pulp material hair that chooses is pulverized making beating, the paper pulp material body paper is put into agitator, add entry, suspending agent, stir and pulverize evenly; The weight ratio of body paper, suspending agent, water is: body paper 12g, suspending agent 10g, water 750g; Mixing time 60 seconds, it is standby to take out paper pulp.Suspending agent adopts carboxymethyl cellulose.The pulp material fibre length is 2mm.
2, the ancient books that will repair, calligraphy and painting, paper document lie on the repairing frame that the hand papermaking curtain does and pave, the above-mentioned paper pulp for preparing is contained in to repair in the pen repairs, ancient books, calligraphy and painting breakage are dripped benefit, with the form that instils paper pulp is leaked down, evenly distribute, deposit on the damaged face of repairing, repairing is finished in the adhesion effect of the hydrogen bonded power when utilizing paper pulp to become paper, the power that is interweaved of fiber and suspending agent voluntarily.
3, take off from repairing frame through patched ancient books, calligraphy and painting, paper document above-mentioned, lie on the blotting paper (employing a kind of white tissue paper), suction is dried naturally, takes off bookbinding, promptly finishes patch work.
Ancient books, calligraphy and painting paper pulp renovation technique example 3:
1, according to being repaired ancient books, calligraphy and painting, paper document papery selection paper pulp material, select traditional-handwork paper rice paper, the safe paper of hair to make body paper, traditional-handwork paper is long with the paper fiber, does not contain inorganic filler, and not applying glue substantially more easily is reduced into paper pulp, and paper properties is good again.The paper pulp material body paper rice paper, the safe paper of hair that choose are pulverized making beating: paper pulp material body paper rice paper, the safe paper of hair are put into agitator, add entry, suspending agent, stir and pulverize evenly; The weight ratio of body paper, suspending agent, water is: body paper 20g, suspending agent 15g, water 1000g; Mixing time 30～90 seconds, it is standby to take out paper pulp.Suspending agent adopts a kind of in bletilla striata soak, Chinese parasol tree soak, the carambola rattan soak.Bletilla striata soak, Chinese parasol tree soak, carambola rattan soak adopt the water soak, and bletilla striata soak, Chinese parasol tree soak, carambola rattan soak are 1～5 degree through the baum detectable concentration.The pulp material fibre length is 2.6mm;
2, the ancient books that will repair, calligraphy and painting, paper document lie on the repairing frame that the hand papermaking curtain does and pave, the above-mentioned paper pulp for preparing is contained in to repair in the pen repairs, ancient books, calligraphy and painting breakage are dripped benefit, with the form that instils paper pulp is leaked down, evenly distribute, deposit on the repairing area, repairing is finished in the adhesion effect of the hydrogen bonded power when utilizing paper pulp to become paper, the power that is interweaved of fiber and suspending agent voluntarily;
3, take off from repairing frame through patched ancient books, calligraphy and painting, paper document above-mentioned, lie on the blotting paper (employing writing paper made from bamboo), suction is dried naturally, takes off bookbinding, promptly finishes patch work.
Ancient books, calligraphy and painting, paper literatures by using paper pulp renovation technique example 4:
1, according to being repaired ancient books, calligraphy and painting, paper document papery selection paper pulp material, select traditional-handwork leatheroid paper, bamboo paper to make body paper, traditional-handwork paper is long with the paper fiber, does not contain inorganic filler, and not applying glue substantially more easily is reduced into paper pulp, and paper properties is good again.The safe paper of the paper pulp material hair that chooses is pulverized making beating, the paper pulp material body paper is put into agitator, add entry, suspending agent, stir and pulverize evenly; The weight ratio of body paper, suspending agent, water is: body paper 20g, suspending agent 15g, water 1000g; Mixing time 90 seconds, it is standby to take out paper pulp.Suspending agent adopts carboxymethyl cellulose.The pulp material fibre length is 2.6mm.
2, the ancient books that will repair, calligraphy and painting, paper document lie on the repairing frame that the hand papermaking curtain does and pave, the above-mentioned paper pulp for preparing is contained in to repair in the pen repairs, ancient books, calligraphy and painting breakage are dripped benefit, with the form that instils paper pulp is leaked down, evenly distribute, deposit on the damaged face of repairing, repairing is finished in the adhesion effect of the hydrogen bonded power when utilizing paper pulp to become paper, the power that is interweaved of fiber and suspending agent voluntarily.
3, take off from repairing frame through patched ancient books, calligraphy and painting, paper document above-mentioned, lie on the blotting paper (adopting the mixed paper of writing paper made from bamboo, a kind of white tissue paper, mulberry paper), suction is dried naturally, takes off bookbinding, promptly finishes patch work.
Use the patched paper of paper pulp, have intensity preferably, can satisfy ancient books keeping and instructions for use fully.Sample page or leaf after the paper pulp repairing intensity (pulling force) and folding strength test have been carried out.
Detect through Jiangsu Province's papermaking paper printing matter quality testing station:
Pull test: be divided into 2 groups of horizontal samplings, get patched rice paper respectively and without the group in contrast of repairing for every group.After tested, patched pattern laterally is 7.70N, vertically is 7.69N, and control group is respectively 6.70N and 12.81N.Order is seen and is checked, without the paper of repairing, transverse set fracture place takes place at random, and the paper through repairing, it is many at mend vertically to organize fracture place.Test specification, basic identical through paper lateral pull and the control group repaired, longitudinal pulling force is less than control group, and it is approximate to pulling force in length and breadth.We think, the paper through repairing is approximate to pulling force in length and breadth, are because paper pulp is to instil from top to bottom on the paper curtain, the fiber alignment motion that is caused when therefore not copying paper, be deposited as paper after intensity average.This intensity can satisfy the repairing needs fully near the body paper level.
Folding strength test: earlier pattern is divided into 2 groups in length and breadth, repairs, repair, be divided into 3 groups without repairing, totally 6 groups by being parallel to pattern length again for every group then perpendicular to pattern length.Test contrasts its folding strength through patched paper, repairing position respectively.Test result: through patched paper, vertically being 36.4 (two-fold is inferior, down together), laterally is 26.4; Repairing the position, vertically is 25, laterally is 19.6; Control group vertically is 18, laterally is 5.8.Test result shows that through patched paper, its folding strength improves a lot than body paper; Even repair the local strength at position, also improve a lot than body paper.We think, the paper pulp after composite, become paper after pliability increase.
Also the intensity of paper pulp repairing and conventional repair has been carried out contrast test.Select pattern A group, repair with conventional method; The B group is repaired with paper pulp.Test its tensile strength respectively.Test result, the A group is 1.61N, the B group is 3.33N.Paper pulp is repaired strength ratio conventional repair intensity and is doubled.
In addition, paper pulp is repaired little than the increase of conventional repair thickness, helps keeping being repaired the part original appearance.Through conventional repair, paper pulp are repaired and do not repaired three groups of pattern thickness and test, be respectively 0.129MM, 0.084MM, and 0.075MM.Thickening that paper pulp is repaired is less, and near former pattern thickness.
Use paper pulp to repair the patched paper of ancient books technology and have ageing-resistant performance preferably.To the patched paper of paper pulp, carry out anti-aging test by standard.The test process is carried out 72 hours aging (being equivalent to preserve 25 years under the normal condition) of 105 (positive and negative 2 degrees centigrade) and is compared without aging, and at first visualization does not see that mend has obscission.Carry out the tensile strength test, be respectively 2.15N and 2.24N, the two result is basic identical, does not see significant difference.
The most important thing is that paper pulp repairing ancient books technology has good anti-mildew, anti-insect performance.
When the Nanjing plum rain season began, we successively tested to the anti-mildew of paper pulp, anti-moth performance.The anti-mildew test is: respectively rice paper is repaired with paper pulp and conventional method, ordered into two after the repairing and intend book, evenly put into stack room after water spray, the suction.Temperature is about 25 degree Celsius in the stack room, and relative humidity is more than 80%.Through mat woven of fine bamboo strips beginning in the 3 days mildew that the conventional repair method is repaired, quite serious in the time of 18 days to the mat woven of fine bamboo strips; And also not having up to off-test in nearly month that paper pulp is repaired gone mouldy.
Claims (3)
1, a kind of ancient books, painting and calligraphy, paper literatures by using paper pulp repair process is characterized in that
(1) according to being repaired ancient books, calligraphy and painting, paper document papery selection paper pulp material, the paper pulp material body paper that chooses is pulverized making beating: the paper pulp material body paper is put into agitator, add entry, suspending agent, stir and pulverize evenly; The weight proportion of body paper, suspending agent, water is: body paper 5～20, suspending agent 5～15, water 500～1000; Mixing time 30～90 seconds, it is standby to take out paper pulp;
(2) ancient books that will repair, calligraphy and painting, paper document lie on the repairing frame that the hand papermaking curtain does and pave, the above-mentioned paper pulp for preparing is contained in to repair in the pen repairs, ancient books, calligraphy and painting breakage are dripped benefit, with the form that instils paper pulp is leaked down, evenly distribute, deposit on the damaged face of repairing, repairing is finished in the adhesion effect of the hydrogen bonded power when utilizing paper pulp to become paper, the power that is interweaved of fiber and suspending agent voluntarily;
(3) take off from repairing frame through patched ancient books, calligraphy and painting, paper document above-mentioned, lie on the blotting paper, suction is dried naturally, takes off bookbinding, promptly finishes patch work;
Described suspending agent adopts a kind of in carboxymethyl cellulose, bletilla striata soak, Chinese parasol tree soak, the carambola rattan soak, and bletilla striata soak, Chinese parasol tree soak, carambola rattan soak adopt the water soak, are 1～5 degree through the baum detectable concentration;
Described pulp material fibre length is 1.3～2.6mm.
2, ancient books according to claim 1, painting and calligraphy, paper literatures by using paper pulp repair process is characterized in that body paper selects a kind of or mixed paper in traditional-handwork paper rice paper, hair safe paper, mulberry paper, the bamboo paper for use.
3, ancient books according to claim 1, painting and calligraphy, paper literatures by using paper pulp repair process is characterized in that blotting paper adopts a kind of or mixed paper in writing paper made from bamboo, a kind of white tissue paper, the mulberry paper.
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| CN102400417A (en) * | 2011-09-01 | 2012-04-04 | 上海东观档案设备有限公司 | Paper restoration device |
| CN102926267B (en) * | 2012-11-08 | 2015-06-17 | 山东晨鸣纸业集团股份有限公司 | Archival paper and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN103352398B (en) * | 2013-07-12 | 2015-09-09 | 邱晓刚 | Paper document cuts open folder reinforcement and repair method |
| CN103485240B (en) * | 2013-09-02 | 2014-07-09 | 陕西师范大学 | Cotton fiber silk net reinforcement method for fragile paper |
| CN105350399B (en) * | 2015-11-09 | 2017-04-05 | 陕西师范大学 | A kind of use same fiber mounting archives of paper quality, ancient books, the method for document |
| CN105544298A (en) * | 2015-12-14 | 2016-05-04 | 金陵科技学院 | Technology for repairing calligraphy and painting by using reproduced paper pulp |
| CN106638147B (en) * | 2016-12-16 | 2018-02-13 | 李爱华 | The restorative procedure of two-sided archives of paper quality and historical relic |
| CN107083720B (en) * | 2017-05-25 | 2019-02-12 | 嵊州市奇丽新材料科技有限公司 | A kind of craft Yan rattan paper and its processing technology |
| DE102017007195B4 (en) * | 2017-07-25 | 2022-03-17 | Guido Becker | Method and device for paper sheet restoration |
| CN108221483B (en) * | 2018-03-29 | 2020-05-29 | 安阳博物馆 | Novel ancient calligraphy and painting repairing and paper dyeing method |
| CN110067155B (en) * | 2019-04-11 | 2021-07-30 | 山西博物院 | Method for repairing crease of ancient painting and calligraphy cultural relic |
| CN110409223B (en) * | 2019-07-30 | 2022-02-15 | 南京博物院 | Paper ancient coin repairing structure and repairing method |
| CN110424185B (en) * | 2019-08-06 | 2021-07-27 | 复旦大学 | Paper pulp composite repairing method for fragile water-repellent paper cultural relics and repaired paper pulp |
| CN112411255B (en) * | 2020-11-16 | 2022-08-09 | 河南理工大学 | Old book retreader |
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