CN1005038B - Hot gas engine with multi-cylinder - Google Patents

Abstract

A kind of hot gas engine with multi-cylinder, comprise an equal angular V-arrangement body 11, on it, have two rows parallel and the cylinder 12 of equal length equidimension, it and be surrounded on each cylinder annular accumulation of heat--cooler 13 and 14 is combined, be connected with single crank 23 at this piston 17.Heat engine also comprises the heating pipe 27 of annular array, and it is positioned at central combustion cavity body 37 around.The expansion manifold assembly 15 of equilibrium flow and thermal accumulator manifold assembly 16 provide the optimum balance stream of work liquid by cylinder head heater pipe.In the time using a single axle V-arrangement body, this equilibrium flow provides uniform cylinder head heter temperature, therefore, from average working to greatest extent liquid temperature, can obtain best operational efficiency.

Description

Hot gas engine with multi-cylinder

The present invention relates to Stirling (Stirling) type hot-air engine, this cylinder block is to wait the motor of V-structure type, has low cost especially, high operational efficiency.

The present invention relates to a kind of novel, improved multi-cylinder heat engine more specifically, integrally forms the hot gas passage interconnecting in its body.What heat engine used is a kind of ring heater of the exhaust manifold structure with novel balanced flow around central circular firing chamber.This manifold structure produces the equilibrium flow of work liquid in heater, even to guarantee whole heter temperature.This uniform temperature can provide the mean temperature of maximum possible, thereby fully improves the efficiency of motor.

Promulgate the U. S. Patent the 4th on April 14th, 1981,261, disclose a kind of multi-cylinder No. 173, the heating equipment of double-action hot-air engine, each cylinder of this heat engine by an annular thermal accumulator cell rings around, the top of each cylinder is connected by a heating equipment with the thermal accumulator unit around it, this heating equipment includes many heating pipes, these heating pipes cylinder head and around the top of thermal accumulator unit interconnect, these a few heating equipments are lined up a single ring heater and around independent firing chamber.In order to form annular object, be provided with at the top of cylinder and annular thermal accumulator structure two complete, concentric arrangement, the ring of arch manifold.Promulgating in the U. S. Patent the 4th in December 27 nineteen eighty-three, 422, the heating equipment structure of a multi-cylinder, double-acting heat engine has been described in No. 291, wherein each cylinder by an annular thermal accumulator around, and each cylinder head and around thermal accumulator be to be dressed up by a lot of heating pipes, as U. S. Patent the 4th, 261, No. 173 and U. S. Patent the 4th, the appearance disclosing in 422, No. 291.This manifold assembly includes the conduit of a central configuration, this conduit be attached to each cylinder head and by a larger-diameter circulating line round, circulating line links up the heating pipe two ends relative with thermal accumulator unit.In this structure, the manufacture of manifold and heating pipe have just been simplified to the connection of manifold, and likely on the parts that bear thermal stress, adopt different materials, make the thermal stress issues running on these essential nodes for minimum.Promulgate the U. S. Patent the 3rd on March 2nd, 1976,940, narrate a kind of structure of heating equipment of Stirling engine No. 934, it has one to be the body of V-arrangement substantially, inside there are cylinder, piston, piston rod, pivot pin and are contained in the connecting rod on bent axle, wherein the every row's of V-arrangement body cylinder is all isometric and has identical structure, to reduce needed another part species number in motor manufacture.Motor with these features (the V motor such as being below called as) with know in the past do not wait V motor contrary, this is from U. S. Patent the 4th, 261, in the content that No. 173 Fig. 3 and U. S. Patent disclose for the 4th, 417, No. 443, can see.But, be disclosed in U. S. Patent the 3rd, 940,943, the V motors such as the multi-cylinder on number have only used a single annular cylinder head heater, this heater can not use appropriate balance to cross, and the arch manifold of the equilibrium flow of work liquid can be provided, and needs many heat storage containers to be contained in the cylinder interval of motor.

Generally acknowledging the annular cylinder head heater in prior art and arch manifold are combined to use, is comparatively desirable.For example, this arch manifold can provide good flow distribution to heating pipe.But, before this, although multi-cylinder heat engine was once attempted desirable annular multitube cylinder head heater and desirable arch manifold combinations, thereby contribute to by the equilibrium flow of heating pipe acquisition work liquid, but, thereby due to the complexity of desired motor and the higher manufacture cost causing, make the result not being satisfied with completely, for example, at U. S. Patent the 4th, 261, in No. 173 shown in figure mono-, make this arrangement become possibility, will there be many bent axles, the motor of square cylinder body, or as U. S. Patent the 4th, 261, No. 173 Fig. 3 and U. S. Patent the 4th, 417, shown in No. 443.In the time that V-type motor is only required a bent axle, only have cylinder is arranged in and does not wait * shape.

This invention is now that a hot gas engine with multi-cylinder is provided for the first time, it can have less expense to produce than the structure of known any prior art, and it has combined multitube cylinder head heater, annular thermal accumulator and the arch manifold of desirable annular.In order to reach the object of motor maximum efficiency, the present invention has realized the mean temperature of the highest desirable work liquid, and adopted single bent axle and etc. V-type cylinder structure.According to this invention, this arch manifold can (suitably design manifold shapes and manifold is centered on the elongation line of cylinder axis axis substantially by balance, thereby the equilibrium flow of the work of acquisition liquid) and the length of the arch manifold between cylinder and thermal accumulator top, and most of heating pipe on arch manifold distance is reduced to the method such as minimum, form and be conducive to the pattern that heating pipe that liquid is distributed to connection goes most.So the present invention has adopted and has waited V-type cylinder structure, compare with not waiting structure of V cylinder, can simplify processing; The present invention has adopted the another part of less machine, thereby has reduced manufacture cost; The present invention, in order to reach high motor operational efficiency, to reduce costs, used desirable annular thermal accumulator and annular multi-tube cylinder head heater, thereby the equilibrium flow obtaining is exactly more than main feature of the present invention.

The object of the invention is for new and an improved multi-cylinder heat engine are provided, this motor has equal angular V-arrangement body, two row's equal lengths in body, the cylinder of equidimension is and annular cooler/thermal accumulator cell formation one around each cylinder, interior work liquid passage is to be all integrally formed in body, this heat engine also comprises a ring heater, it is placed in central circular firing chamber around, there is a novelty, thermal technology makes the manifold assembly of liquid equilibrium flow, this manifold assembly is by heating pipe or other work liquid passage, produce the optimum balance stream of work liquid, wherein these passages be attached at each cylinder and and the annular thermal accumulator unit of their corresponding connections between.This equilibrium flow provides the heating pipe temperature of homogeneous, and the mean temperature of work liquid is higher, just can obtain best operational efficiency.

In order to realize this invention, a double-acting hot gas engine with multi-cylinder is provided, it comprises the V-arrangement body being formed by two exhaust casings, and every exhaust casing has parallel, isometric axis and is assemblied in wherein for reciprocating parts such as piston rod, connecting rod and pistons.Two planes that comprise every exhaust casing axis, along the axes intersect of single bent axle or crossing in its vicinity.The annular thermal accumulator device that provides has marked an interval that is directly surrounded on the thermal accumulator of each cylinder.The single annular cylinder head heater assembly providing, the thermal technology that it includes many annular array makes liquid passage.The firing chamber providing, it is positioned at the central opening place of annular cylinder head heater assembly, and the heat of firing chamber is burnt combustion gas and is flow through in the passage outside of work liquid, thereby has heated the work liquid of the inside.The equilibrium flow manifold structure providing, it is interconnected the work liquid passage in heating equipment, and these work liquid channel bit are between the breathing space and thermal accumulator district of respective cylinder.This equilibrium flow manifold assembly comprises two concentric rings (interior ring and outer shroud), and this ring has the manifold cavity of arch, and the number of arch manifold cavity of each ring is identical with the number of cylinder.Each manifold cavity of one of concentric ring is communicated with the corresponding breathing space of a cylinder, and the each corresponding manifold cavity of another concentric ring is communicated with the corresponding thermal accumulator district of above-mentioned that cylinder.These many work liquid passages are arranged in circular round firing chamber, one end of each work liquid passage is communicated with the breathing space of corresponding manifold cavity to cylinder, and work remaining one end of liquid passage is communicated with the thermal accumulator district place of corresponding manifold cavity to same cylinder.In order to ensure that the hot-fluid of balance can flow to the work liquid of each cylinder, be connected to the number of the work liquid passage in the corresponding breathing space of each cylinder and thermal accumulator district, equate with the number of work liquid passage of manifold of other cylinders that are correspondingly connected to this multi-cylinder heat engine.And, be in fact centered in corresponding to the manifold cavity of each cylinder on the elongation line of the central axis by cylinder or as far as possible in its vicinity.

Accompanying drawing below contact, from detailed description below, can more easily know from experience and understand better object of the present invention, feature and many thing followed advantages.In figure, each same another part carrys out mark by same reference symbol.

Fig. 1 is by the vertical sectional view of the hot gas engine with multi-cylinder of this invention manufacture, has shown that body is the feature that waits V-arrangement substantially, the part that body has comprised motor.

Fig. 2 is the longitudinal sectional view of hot gas engine with multi-cylinder, is substantially to cut along II-II face of Fig. 1.

Fig. 3 is the top view that the part of the heating equipment assembly on motor is cut open, has 1/4th tangent planes of each layer of the arch of the annular cylinder head heater assembly cutting along varying level in figure, and motor as depicted in figs. 1 and 2.

Fig. 4 A, 4B, 4C, 4D, 4E and 4F have comprised a series of concise and to the point functional diagram, the design feature of the exhaust manifold assembly of the cylinder head heater that the balance of its explanatory drawing 3 is crossed, and shown that improved manifold assembly is how to provide by heating pipe equilibrium flow that thermal technology makes liquid, these heating pipes are between the manifold cavity connecting mutually with breathing space and the thermal accumulator district of each cylinder.

Fig. 5 is that motor is by the fragmentary cross-sectional view after being cut by 5-5 tangent line in Fig. 2.

Fig. 6 is the phantom after Fig. 2 is cut by 6-6 line.

In Fig. 1 of accompanying drawing and Fig. 2, represent a multi-cylinder, double-action hot-air engine, it has one and waits V body, has a single axle and a single annular cylinder head heater assembly of manufacturing by invention in body.It is the body part 11 of V-arrangement substantially that this motor includes, and 12 places form 4 cylinders therein, every cylinder all by a corresponding annular thermal accumulator device 13 and with 14 of the ring type cooling devices of its series winding around.These four cylinders 12 are all equipped with arch breathing space manifold 15 and arch thermal accumulator manifold 16 separately, and their (Fig. 3 in accompanying drawing see clearly most) form the inside and outside concentric ring of corresponding manifold cavity.Manifold 15 and 16 extensions are at the top of all four cylinders.Also to contact Fig. 4 A later and do explanation more fully to Fig. 4 E, its layout is such: as the central axis of these cylinders is extended up through with intracardiac, the plane of outer ring manifold 15 and 16, with the point of manifold Plane intersects, will form four summits of a parallelogram.

Each cylinder 12 of double-action heat engine has piston 17 to-and-fro motion and is arranged on wherein.By a piston rod 18, piston 17 is connected with slide block 19.In the cylindrical shell of cylinder 12 bottoms of slide block 19 in body 11, pump, be connected to bearing 22 by a connecting rod 21 again, bearer ring around and drive a crankweb, crankweb to comprise a part for the single axle 23 of motor.Bent axle 23 is supported on main bearing 20, (as shown in Figure 2).About piston 17, piston rod 18, slide block 19, connecting rod 21 and with the more detailed description of being connected of bearing 22 etc., can be with reference to debatable U.S. Patent application the 605th, No. 782, its title is " light-weight piston-connecting rod ASSY of reciprocating mechanism ", inventor is in John section and Michael's Walsh, propose with present patent application simultaneously, and the same with the present invention, and also identical assignee has been given in transfer.

It is that a high-temperature expansion district (generally at piston head 24 places) and a low temperature compression district 25(are in piston bottom that piston 17 is separated cylinder 12).Breathing space 24 is communicated with breathing space manifold 15 and has sketched as above.Through cold work liquid passage 26, low temperature compression district 25 is communicated with annular cooling unit 14 and the thermal storage unit 13 in an adjacent cylinder, and the cooling unit that this is annular and thermal storage unit are to be looped around on cylinder with the known way of double-action heat engine.Being positioned at corresponding expansion manifold 15 on each cylinder and adjacent thermal accumulator manifold 16, is to make liquid passage by the thermal technology of many annular array they are interconnected, and these passages (as shown in drawings) have formed the heating pipe 27 of many annular array.It is inverted U-shaped substantially that heating pipe 27 is curved, and one end 27A of its U-shaped arm is connected to breathing space manifold 15, and other one end 27B of pipe is connected on thermal accumulator manifold 16.Every heating pipe 27(is as shown in the figure), there is a lot of fins to be looped around around pipe securely, thereby have larger heat exchanging function.See Fig. 3, the number of the inverted U-shaped heating pipe 27 being interconnected corresponding expansion manifold 15 above of each cylinder 12 with the thermal accumulator manifold 16 of its connection, with identical the number of the corresponding heating pipe interconnecting 27 of all cylinders, its objective is by heating pipe 27, between the high-temperature expansion district 24 and thermal accumulator of all cylinders, provide a thermal technology to make the equilibrium flow of liquid.

If Fig. 1 is to the multi-cylinder heat engine as shown in Fig. 3, the effect of the double acting engine that has been in operation, heat is to be supplied to continuously motor, firing chamber to include an oil nozzle 28 from firing chamber there, it is positioned at the heating pipe 27 center of annular array.Work liquid is generally a kind of gas, as hydrogen or helium, work liquid circulates in four complete hermetic each systems continuously, and they are by: the inside of breathing space 24, expansion manifold 15 inside, heating pipe 27, the inside of thermal accumulator manifold 16 and be cross over low temperature compression district 25 corresponding to next adjacent cylinder etc. by thermal accumulator 13, cooler 14 and cooling channel 26 and form.When piston completes a circulation up and down in cylinder, piston is got back to again extreme lower position from the extreme lower position of cylinder to extreme higher position, in the meantime, working gas will sequentially pass through compression stage in each sealing system, cooling stage, stage regenerator, heating period and expansion stage, get back to again the stages such as heating, accumulation of heat, cooling and compression, thereby complete a circulation of four-circulation motor.The more complete explanation of relevant this four cycling hot mechanisms of qi, can consult the paper of the 26th page to 27 pages of the mechanical engineering magazines of publishing May nineteen eighty-three.

Because the operational efficiency of motor is directly decided by the ratio of average expansion temperature (this temperature is limited by the material behavior of heating pipe 27) and average compression temperature, it would be desirable, in all heating pipes 27, there is the uniform equilibrium flow of work liquid.This will make those heating pipes being heated comparably by circular firing chamber, cooling equably by the equilibrium flow of the work liquid of Uniform Flow therein institute again.In this case, these heating pipes 27 keep substantially the same temperature, and this temperature will be kept closer to the maximum safety temperature of material, in order to obtaining the highest average expansion temperature.For this purpose, this thermal accumulator makes the section of the arch shaped length such as the interior concentric ring of manifold cavity 15 and the outer concentric ring of expansion manifold cavity 16 are divided into, the number of these sections equates with the number of cylinder, its typical number is 4, these etc. each of arch section distribute to a corresponding cylinder, and by its manifold cavity and occupied with the heating pipe 27 of its connection.According to this arrangement, that each cylinder has is coupled, etc. number and equally spaced heating pipe, they occupy the equal share in heater assembly garden week, work liquid (being associated with each respective cylinder) in each circulation is to be exposed to comparably in the hot gas of firing chamber like this, thereby each circulation can obtain equal heat, this is with cylinder such as grade, equidimension piston in each circulation, and it is consistent causing the flow such as grade of work liquid.This has just ensured that neither one circulation meeting has in fact different average heter temperatures from other circulation.; ensure in each circulation; temperature in all heating pipes associated with it is actually identical; manifold cavity just must arrange to such an extent that can guarantee that from the flow such as grade of each respective cycle be to be assigned to equably in associated heating pipe to go, thereby ensures that the temperature of every pipe also substantially equates in each section.For this purpose, the arrangement of manifold cavity 15 and 16, the garden arc of their corresponding arch manifold cavities is centered close on the elongation line of central axis of the respective cylinder 12 on V-arrangement body and the intersection point of the manifold cavity of inside and outside concentric ring 15 and 16 planes, or as far as possible in its vicinity.According to design, these points have specified four jiaos of parallelogram, the namely intersection point of the concentric ring plane of the elongation line of the central axis of cylinder and manifold cavity 15 and 16, according to the geometric specified arrangement of such parallelogram, the centering of above-mentioned manifold garden arc, make the increment of the middle channel volume of cylinder and manifold for minimum, be that passage is for the shortest, and make such volume increment, as required, all circulations are all equated substantially, and this arrangement obtains by following method.

The V-motor bodies (Here it is, and body has two exhaust casings, and it is parallel that every row has, isometric axis) such as given 4 cylinders, schematic diagram has below shown cylinder and crank axle (as shown in Figure 4 A).In Fig. 4 A, X-X-X line represents crankshaft center line, and X is main bearing.Getting the bid 1,2,3 and 4 point of figure represents cylinder top.Line from crankshaft center line X-X-X to each point 1,2,3 and 4, represents the length of each cylinder-bore axis.Note this L ₂be the distance from central bearing to No. 1 or No. 3 cylinder-bore axises, this distance is measured from being parallel to crankshaft center line, and L ₁it is exactly the distance from central bearing to No. 2 or No. 4 cylinders.Each cylinder top is the projection of cylinder-bore axis on this view plane from the lateral shift of crankshaft center line X-X-X.This side-play amount is W.Distance R ₂and R ₁the central bearing from bent axle in this plane (it is total heart of cylinder arrangement), to the distance of No. 1 or No. 3 cylinder top, and correspondingly to the distance of No. 2 or No. 4 cylinder top.Angle [alpha] is the R measuring on plane view ₁and R ₂between angle.

In order to use a single annular cylinder head heater, and felt relieved therein in circular firing chamber, and for annular cylinder head heater can be felt relieved on all cylinders of motor, designed two concentric in, outer manifold ring 15 and 16(are shown in that Fig. 1 is to Fig. 3) radius R ₁and R ₂, this radius correspondingly specifies will pass through in Liao Qi garden week intersection point #1, #2, #3 and #4(as shown in Figure 4 B mutually).In Fig. 4 B, connect corresponding cylinder top #2, #4 and should be mutually D with #1, #3 garden week diameter ₁with D ₂, and corresponding to the diameter of the interior and outer concentric ring of manifold 16 and 15.

Diameter D ₁and D ₂right angle should be α and β mutually, wherein: β=180 °-α.As can be seen from Figure 4B, manifold garden Zhou Bixu be divided into four fan-shaped, each fan-shaped cylinder of serving, in order to ensure that each cylinder wherein can have the hot-fluid of a balance, each is fan-shaped all occupies 1/4th (1/4) of whole manifold garden week.Further, these fan-shaped arrangements will be centered in corresponding cylinder top as far as possible, the length that makes to extend to the manifold garden arc of fan-shaped end from cylinder top can equate and reduce to minimum (as Fig. 4 C(a) and (b) as shown in).

As defined above, for the arc length of uniform balance being provided to corresponding manifold cavity 15 and 16, the manifold cavity 15 as shown in Fig. 4 B and Fig. 3 and 16 right fan-shaped, should be the fan-shaped of α angle and β angular bisector defined, as shown in Figure 4 D.The arc of each fan-shaped X-Y-or Y-X is 90 ° substantially, and has correspondingly comprised the both sides of α/2 and β/2 arc length.Arc length is to measure to fan-shaped end from corresponding cylinder top, and here, these cylinder top are substantially all in central position.Be noted that and cut apart pattern X-X, Y-Y is from α, β bisectrix is to either party rotation of both direction, all can be by the method that reduces longer manifold arc length, improve two in fan-shaped, corresponding taking the arc length that increases manifold longer in relative manifold group as cost.For example, the clockwise rotation of Fig. 4 D, can be with the manifold that makes to improve from cylinder top to the equal way of arc length of associated manifold arc end #2 and #4 cylinder, if but keep 90 ° of fan-segmentations, other two comprise the fan-shaped of #2 and #3 cylinder, while rotation in the clockwise direction, have more unbalanced arc length, this arc length is from cylinder top to the manifold arc looking somebody up and down degree being associated.So realize, obtain manifold arc all four 90 ° fan-shaped in, isometric best method substantially, should be to make α/2 equal β/2, so α and β equal 90 °.Referring again to Fig. 4 A, it will be appreciated that in order to make α equal 90 °:

（L ₁+L ₂） ²＝R <math><msup><mi></mi><msub><mi>2</mi></msup><mi>1</mi></msub></math> +R <math><msup><mi></mi><msub><mi>2</mi></msup><mi>2</mi></msub></math> （1）

R ＝W ²+L

（2）

R <math><msup><mi></mi><msub><mi>2</mi></msup><mi>3</mi></msub></math> ＝W ²+L （3）

Three equations have five unknown numbers above, for a known motor, are easy to solve.For the angle theta of a known cylinder height H and two exhaust casings, size W is fixed, and this has just determined R ₁with R ₂and L ₁with L ₂.As shown in Figure 4 A, L ₃also can from following relationship, draw

（L ₁+L ₃） ²+W ²＝R <math><msup><mi></mi><msub><mi>2</mi></msup><mi>2</mi></msub></math> （4）

In the given motor in minimal fitting space, the requirement of each cylinder to diameter dimension and crankshaft bearing volume, has determined H, θ, L ₃size.

Note, in the time solving these equations, cylinder head not being arranged in to facing and will being arranged in parallelogram, the intersection point of the elongation line that these points are cylinder axis axis and internal and external circumferential heart manifold ring 15 and 16 planes.So realize, utilize said method, this invention can realize.Way is, adjust especially the tie point position between cylinder top and manifold cavity arch shaped length, make it in favourable situation, this favourable situation is exactly all is fan-shapedly all made up of two substantially isometric manifold garden arcs, and Zhe Liangge garden arc has been combined 90 ° of arc length or more approaching better.Its result is exactly the cylinder head heater assembly that obtains an annular cylinder head, the cylinder top of it and non-square is arranged mutually and is connect, be adapted to the motor of single bent axle, isogonism cylinders in V-arrangement, but this annular cylinder head heater still can easily form a circular cylinder head heater for decile equably, thereby the equilibrium flow of the work of guarantee liquid, and obtain uniform temperature and peak efficiency.Fig. 4 E has schematically illustrated this arrangement, more lively in Fig. 4 F.

If other designing requirement of motor, hinder the pattern of the cylinder head heater assembly of structure multi-cylinder heat engine as above, still, likely by heating pipe 27, obtain the substantial equilibrium flow of work liquid, as long as described above, the bias arranging etc. arc length manifold is inexcessive.This can guarantee, on all liquid chunnels in the middle of thermal accumulator district and breathing space (all these is by manifold and heating pipe), have an essentially identical pressure reduction (△ P) with the correct moulding of arch manifold section.This can be tapered with the end arch shaped length, or the cross-sectional area of arch shaped length end is shunk, and reaches desired effect.

Consult back again Fig. 1 and Fig. 3 of accompanying drawing, the cylinder head heating assembly 31 of motor, also comprise a circular heat-insulating cover 32, it is round the heating pipe 27 of annular array, between the overskirt of heat-insulating cover 32 and the heating pipe of annular array, give hot device assembly 33, its structure and operation are more fully described in to unsettled U.S. Patent application the 605th, in No. 785, its title is " ceramic heat exchanger ", inventor is in John section, it and the present invention propose simultaneously, and identical assignee has been given in transfer, this applies for that disclosed content can be all for the application.

Annular is given to the detailed description of hot device assembly 33 and can consult above-mentioned pending application the 605th, No. 785.Speak briefly, cold air inlet sucks by suction tude 34, and flows through and give hot device assembly 33 towards the direction shown in arrow 35, and hot heat is given in air inlet, is to draw when giving the counterflow heat exchanger of hot device assembly from the waste gas adverse current of burning.Given hot air 35 through one group of flow spoiler blade 36, it makes to give hot air and forms rotating vortex state, enters the bags 37 through the space around oil nozzle 28.The hot combustion gas producing in this combustion process, vortex is the firing chamber 37 of central authorities excessively, and goes out through heating pipe 27 pipe ways by arrow 38, there for the first time the work liquid heating of flowing through heating pipe 27.Then, combustion gas are discharged through giving the counterflow heat exchanger of hot device assembly 33 and outlet pipe 39.

Consult now Fig. 2 of accompanying drawing, clearly illustrated the single bent axle 23 of motor in figure, bent axle is being supported by main bearing 20, and is being rotated in V-arrangement body.The same with in common actual use, in order to reduce the vibration due to reciprocating piston mechanism generation, for bent axle 23 provides suitable balancer weight.Compared with the bent axle of crossing with lack of equilibrium like this, had substantially and improved, but also left over the uneven force and moment of larger remnants always, it rotates around cylinder-bore axis, and its direction and bent axle direction of rotation have just produced actual vibration in the time of operation.

In order further to reduce this vibrative power, at the V that waits of this invention, double-action, in hot gas engine with multi-cylinder, a kind of balance method is provided, it comprises two balancer weights, be disposed at the action center of leaving remaining unbalanced force towards the relative two ends of bent axle, but the synchronized rotation opposite direction of these balancer weights and bent axle, these counterrotating balancer weights are by crank-driven, but position will be chosen on the segment distance in bent axle rotation axis opposite direction, thereby set up an independent empty trunnion shaft, it is crossing in the action center of decomposed uneven force and moment with crankshaft center line (namely uneven axle) in theory.

In order to set up this independent empty trunnion shaft, eccentric weight 46 as suitable in the axle 47, in Fig. 2 is driven by gear 41 and 43 by one end of bent axle.Gear 41 is fixed on bent axle 23, and is meshed with gear 43, is fixed wtih eccentric weight 46 on gear 43.Eccentric weight 46 can be an independently another part, also can fill the work parts of the auxiliary device that a suitable bias increases the weight of, as oil pump.Equally, a similar eccentric weight 48, it is driven by gear 49 and 51 by the bent axle the other end.Gear 51 is fixed on bent axle 23, and is meshed with gear 49, is fixed wtih eccentric weight 48 on gear 49.Eccentric weight 48 can be the work parts of auxiliary device too, as water pump.By arrangement recited above, eccentric weight 46 and 48 be with the synchronized rotation of bent axle but with bent axle direction of rotation.And eccentric weight 46 is sides that are positioned at bent axle 23 rotation axiss, and a selected lateral separation, eccentric weight 48 is the relative sides that are contained in bent axle 23 rotation axiss, and has a similar lateral separation.

Equally, for the residual moment on multi-cylinder reciprocating machine being reduced to minimum, eccentric weight 46 to be placed in leave unbalanced force action center (for example, this point of action can be the center of bent axle), the place of bent axle one end distance B dorsad, eccentric weight 48 also * is placed in and leaves that action center, towards the place of the similar distance B of the relative one end of bent axle, has following relationship:

（5）

In formula:

M _r-equal the reverse turn component of reciprocating unbalance moment

F _b-equal reverse turn equilibrant, the reverse turn component of its balance reciprocating unbalance power;

α equals F _rand FM _r-between angle;

FM _r-equal moment M _r-component and distance B form moment ,-D measures along bent axle,

By arrangement recited above, here set up an independent balance axis, it intersects at the action center place of decomposed unbalanced force in theory with crankshaft center line, do not need to increase any trunnion shaft, with regard to balance these unbalanced forces, and residual moment is reduced to minimum.Here it is has set up a center of rotation from eccentric weight 46, to the empty balance axis between the center of rotation of eccentric weight 48.As shown in as idealized in this description, empty balance axis 47 is crossing with crank axle.This empty balance axis is in fact not crossing with crankshaft center line in some cases, but the arrangement of eccentric weight 46 and 48 and from the lateral displacement amount of bent axle 23, make it and true crosspoint in fact very approaching.Will obtain being less than the result of theoretical vibration reducing amount with the deviation of actual crosspoint, but still can obtain substantial improvement.So just can design by this arrangement, make empty balance axis crossing with crankshaft center line or approaching as much as possible.

About the structure of this balanced distribution and the more complete description of utilization, can consult unsettled U.S. Patent application the 605th, 854, " meaning and the method for balance multi-cylinder reciprocating piston machine " its inventor is in John section and Michael's Walsh, it and the present invention file an application simultaneously, and Mechanical Technologies Incorporation, i.e. same assignee of the present invention have been given in transfer, the disclosed content of this technology, can be all for the application.

As mentioned above, about more completely describing the structure of this balanced distribution and the pattern of utilization, can consult unsettled U.S. Patent application the 605th, No. 854.Put it briefly, empty balance axis 47 can be set up with auxiliary gear mechanism, gear mechanism is driven by bent axle 23, and the remaining unbalanced force of this bent axle need to further be balanced, and its residual moment need to be reduced to minimum, and do not require the one or more extra independently trunnion shafves of use, as that a kind of technological method conventional in reciprocating piston machine.

The machine of most of reciprocating engines and a power source motor of those formations, (as theme heat engine of the present invention) requires there is auxiliary device as water pump, oil pump and other similar equipment.Shown in motor in, equipment gear 43, except being loaded with eccentric weight 46, can also be used to drive the workpiece of auxiliary device, as oil pump 45.At the gear 49 of the one end on bent axle opposite, the gear 51 being fixed on bent axle 23 drives, and is fixed with eccentric weight 48 on it, can be used for driving other auxiliary device as water pump vane 52.On the other hand, according to the aforementioned U.S. Patent application of consulting the 604th, the content of No. 854, these eccentric weight can be driven by corresponding auxiliary device 45 and 52.Equally, if facilitate or cater to the need, workpiece itself also can form eccentric weight 46 and 48.Like this, can set up an empty balance axis 47 with the arrangement narrated above, thereby the bent axle 28 of the reciprocating force that can make all initial unbalances from rotate eliminates, remaining moment can reduce to minimum and need not increase any additional another part.(except those be just usually used in complete heat engine operational system).

As shown in Figure 1, because the hot-air engine of the V cylinder bodies such as multi-cylinder, single axle has comprised These characteristics, therefore this size is little, compact structure, lighter comparatively speaking formed by minimum difference another part with the efficient function of starting, thus needed another part total amount while having reduced manufacture.Also can greatly reduce the assembling difficulty (or error) in general assembly, especially true when the another part of difference size that need to be a large amount of in the design of motor and parts.These features are by there being equal angular V-arrangement body, single bent axle, the cylinder of two row's equal lengths, equidimension, and have annular cooler/thermal accumulator cell rings around each cylinder and the work liquid passage that has a lot of inside to lead to inside, thereby they are integrally formed in V-arrangement body moderate condition and have strengthened.As comprising that all these features are in a hot-air engine, it has the annular cylinder head heater assembly in a single garden, it can provide the equilibrium flow of best work liquid between the breathing space of each cylinder and heat-accumulating area, consequently reach the structure and the operation that have improved motor, and reduced cost, reduce structural complexity and be convenient to the object of keeping in repair.

The invention describes the specific embodiment of a multi-cylinder heat engine, this heat engine, with unified V-arrangement body, has circular firing chamber on body, carrys out balance hot air flow by cylinder head heater manifold and structure of the present invention.Therefrom can be sure of: those skilled in the art is by above-mentioned technology; still can make a little other amendment and variations; so understand; may have variation specifically installing individually of the invention of having described, but among the scope that the present invention that they remain at appended claim limit is comprehensively, preparation is protected.

Claims (17)

1, a hot gas engine with multi-cylinder, comprising

(a) first-class " V " h type engine h body (11), this body has two exhaust casings (12);

(b) one is arranged on rotating bent axle (23) in body (11);

(c) piston (17) in each cylinder (12); bent axle (23) to-and-fro motion in cylinder (12) of ining succession of this piston; each cylinder (12) has a breathing space (24) on the top of piston (12), has the bottom of a compressing area (25) in piston (12);

(d) an annular heat-stored device (13) is around each cylinder (12);

(e) annular cylinder head heater, it comprises many work liquid passages (27), these passages are positioned at cylinder (12) above, come to the work liquid of breathing space (24) the supply heating of all cylinders (12);

(f) combusting room device (28) is placed in above-mentioned ring heater central authorities, heats the work liquid in above-mentioned work liquid passage (27);

(g) many arches, equilibrium flow manifolding (15, 16), wherein each cylinder (12) has one, each manifolding (15, 16) there is the first arched part (15), it is communicated with the breathing space (24) of liquid to cylinder body (12), and be communicated with one end of some work liquid passages (27), there is the second arched part (16), it is communicated with the annular heat-stored device (13) of same cylinder, and be communicated with the other end of above-mentioned some work liquid passages (27), be communicated with at each arch manifold (15, 16) the work liquid passage (27) in, its number is identical to each cylinder (12), and in all working liquid total length between heat-stored device (13) and breathing space (24) of each cylinder, all can keep substantially equal pressure reduction, it is characterized in that:

Body (11) is a kind of engine body that waits " V " type, its identical length of central axis of all cylinders (12) etc., the central axis of every exhaust casing is all parallel, the center line of every exhaust casing is positioned at a common plane, and the plane that comprises these center lines intersects in its length range along the axis of (or approach along) bent axle (23).

2, hot gas engine with multi-cylinder group according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: each arch manifolding (15) has equal arc length, each arch manifolding (16) also has equal arc length, each cylinder (12) and equal amount, the work liquid passage (27) of equal intervals is connected, to keep substantially equal pressure reduction in the work liquid passage total length between interior breathing space (24) and compressing area (25) that are connected in each cylinder (12), and, in annular cylinder head heater, the pressure reduction that passes the work liquid of all this fluid passages equates substantially.

3, hot gas engine with multi-cylinder group according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that: this motor also comprises ring type cooling device (14), and this device ring is around in each cylinder (12) setting, and is next under annular heat-stored device (13).

4, hot gas engine with multi-cylinder group according to claim 3, it is characterized in that: cylinder (12) in " V " h type engine h body (11) is equipped is all four multiple, and the cooling unit (14) of a cylinder (12) is by linking the compressing area (25) of next adjacent cylinder in work liquid passage (26).

5, according to the hot gas engine with multi-cylinder group described in claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that: also comprise an annular preheater (33), it along circumferential ring around annular cylinder head heater and firing chamber (28), so that to the combustion gas of firing chamber supply preheating, discharge through the hot combustion gas of above-mentioned many work liquid passages (27), and absorb waste heat in hot combustion gas and carry out preheating and be supplied to the combustion gas of the suction of firing chamber (28).

6, hot gas engine with multi-cylinder group according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that: first arched part (15) of manifolding many arches, equilibrium flow has formed the outer concentric ring of manifold, the breathing space (24) of its connection respective cylinder, the second arched part (16) forms the interior concentric ring of manifold, the annular thermal accumulator (13) of its connection respective cylinder, the elongation line crosspoint of the plane of inside and outside manifold ring and cylinder-bore axis has specified 4 points of parallelogram.

7, according to the hot gas engine with multi-cylinder group described in claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that, this motor also comprises an empty balance shaft apparatus (46, 48), it is made into act on bent axle on crossing with bent axle (23), in the action center of any unbalanced force or in its vicinity, and the moment of rotation of any remnants is reduced to minimum in, eliminate pro rata any unbalanced force, it is suitable that above-mentioned Equilibrator includes size, the eccentric weight of imbalance correction, they are installed with one heart by non-, so that rotate the in fact just in time contrary both sides at this bent axle rotation axis, and be bonded to there towards rotating with the direction of bent axle direction of rotation, the weight of above-mentioned bias is also placed in the selected distance from action center towards the relative two ends of bent axle.

8, hot gas engine with multi-cylinder group according to claim 7, it is characterized in that, the remaining unbalanced eccentric weight of counterrotating correction is settled along empty balance axis (47), it has a previously selected distance from the action center of the unbalanced force that acts on bent axle, to the moment of rotation of any remnants is reduced to minimum.

9, according to the hot gas engine with multi-cylinder group described in claim 1 or 2 or 8, it is characterized in that: the synchronized rotation of the eccentric weight of imbalance correction and bent axle (23).

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