CN100501152C - Curved rope wheel wave energy conversion and power generating system - Google Patents
Curved rope wheel wave energy conversion and power generating system Download PDFInfo
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- CN100501152C CN100501152C CNB2006101287466A CN200610128746A CN100501152C CN 100501152 C CN100501152 C CN 100501152C CN B2006101287466 A CNB2006101287466 A CN B2006101287466A CN 200610128746 A CN200610128746 A CN 200610128746A CN 100501152 C CN100501152 C CN 100501152C
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02E10/30—Energy from the sea, e.g. using wave energy or salinity gradient
Abstract
The present invention relates to a wave energy conversion and power generation system. Said invention is characterized by that it utilizes a flexible surface which can be flexibly bent and fluctuated with wave to receive drive of wave, and utilizes a rope whose one end is tied on the described flexible surface and another end is winded round a rotating wheel to pull said rotating wheel, so that said rotating wheel can be used for converting wave energy into mechanical energy, then utilizes a hydraulic system and a power generator unit to convert the mechanical energy into electric energy.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of wave energy conversion power generation system.
Background technique
Over more than 100 year, the countries in the world scientist proposes the imagination of kind more than 300, has invented various wave energy generating sets, (
Http:// zjds.zhenjiang.gov.cn/dszj dswh whbl.asp? id=11) for example Japan built " hamming " number wave power plant of 1000 kilowatts, Success in Experiment at sea in 1978, peak output reaches 375 kilowatts, " hamming " number is an ocean wave type wave power working platform that is equivalent to 2000 tonnes of freighter sizes.80 meters of captains, wide 12 meters, high 15 meters, cabin partly is separated into 22 air chambers, and long 7.5 meters of each air chamber is wide 1.2 meters, high 0.5 meter.Facing to seawater, top links to each other with two flap formula power generation systems the air chamber opening down.What power generation system was used is air turbine and strict magnetic-type alternator.When wave during rippling, just promotes indoor air as piston in air chamber, produce pressurized air, drive air turbine and run up, directly drive generator for electricity generation.
Quite enjoying some reputation in Britain is " duck nods " formula apparatus for generating electricity by wave force, as a duck that floats on the surface.Its " chest " is facing to the direction of the propagation of ocean waves, and the fluctuation along with wave ceaselessly swings back and forth as tumbler, utilizes the energy of swing, drives the generating of working pump pushing generator.
Nearest in addition in addition " sea snake " that occurs (
Http:// blog.sina.com.cn/u/47738376010001os), it is to have utilized bionics techniques, sea serpent of outer image.Every generator is that 3.5 meters cylindrical floating drum is formed by 4 joint diameters, couples together with hinge between per two metal sections.The mouth of this strip metal sea snake is perpendicular to the direction of wave, these cylinders can be as the body of sea snake along with the wave dipping and heaving, the hydraulic piston that move up and down and the lateral movement meeting of joint promote in the cylinder is reciprocating, and hydraulic oil is rolled in the middle of motor, drives generator for electricity generation.
How nearest technology can join always (
Http:// www.sciei.com/Article/Print.as
Although present various Wave energy generating systems are of a great variety, but its wave energy collection all can not be out of shape adaptation according to the difference of waveform, make it adapt to different wave ability, the wave energy absorption efficiency is very low, and most of system anti-storm is very poor, does not also occur the Wave energy generating system of a practicality and high efficiency so far.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of curved rope wheel wave energy conversion and power generation system, it can adapt to the wave of most of waveform automatically, promote the wave energy absorption efficiency, and its capacity of anti-storm is strong.
Technological scheme of the present invention (seeing Figure 11):
Utilization can be followed the easy bent face (1) of wave bending fluctuation, accept the promotion of wave, by end system thereon and the other end is wrapped in rope (11) the pulling runner on the runner (12), the irregular wave thrust that realization will obtain, (wave thrust disappears the stage, relies on spring or additionaling power to convert rotating power to, the counter-rotating of drive runner, the withdrawal of will restricting), and then carries out compiling of energy and transmit, at last by the power generation system output power by driving mechanism.
The work detailed process is as follows:
(1) the wave energy acquisition system is gathered wave energy (easily bent face is by rope pulling runner, and spring reclaims rope)
Employing can be followed the easy bent face (1) of wave bending fluctuation distortion, accept the promotion of wave, according to Wave Theory, point on the wave is actually is making circular movement, so the point that is attached on the easy bent face (1) on the wave is also and then being made circular movement, like this, this point will change by generating period with runner relative distance.When the distance of this point and runner increases, one end ties up to this point on the easy bent face, and the rope (11) that the other end is wrapped on the runner (12) will produce pulling force, the rotation of pulling runner, thus realize converting the irregular thrust of wave to rotating power, draw journey (being the stroke of stay cord) to equal the diameter of circular movement, be the wave wave height, in this process, also tightened up the spring (spiral spring (14) or cylindrical spring (17)) of receiving rope usefulness simultaneously.When distance between this point and the runner reduces, wave thrust disappears, rope fluffs, and the pulling force of rope disappears, and the elastic potential energy of at this moment receiving the spring (spiral spring or cylindrical spring) of rope usefulness discharges, drive the runner opposite spin, the withdrawal of will restricting, the wave energy collection comes to this and is constantly repeating to draw, receiving two processes, with irregular wave thrust, convert rotating power to.
Receive rope in addition and also can adopt the additionaling power mode, in the stay cord stage, do not provide additionaling power.Pulling force disappears the stage, and additionaling power drives runner counter-rotating, the withdrawal of will restricting.
Easily bent face (1) is the assembly that can follow the wave bending fluctuation, has three kinds of forms to realize the mutabililty energy, and first kind is directly to be made by elastic material; Second kind is a plurality of plates, is two-dimensional array and arranges, and keep at a certain distance away, and fills with elastic surface (5) between plate between plate (4) and the plate; The third is that a plurality of plates are two-dimensional array and are arranged in order, and keeps at a certain distance away, and fills with flexible fold face (7) between plate and the plate, and being connected with elastic rope between plate (6) between plate and the plate provides elastic force.Easily have dividing plate (2) below the bent face,, improve the thrust of wave can strengthen adhesion to wave.Easily bent face should be the continuous face of trying one's best, and does not have the slit, when wave stroke, can be water-tight, and in case the loss of wave energy causes reducing of thrust.Easy bent face has increased the area of contact with wave greatly, and its easy sheathed makes it to follow the wave bending fluctuation, can adapt to various waveforms automatically, thus high efficiency absorption wave energy.Can also establish a transverse axis (3) in addition several plates of same horizontally-arranged (pouncing on a certain horizontally-arranged when coming towards wave) are stringed together, can obtain the suffered wave thrust of whole row's plate.
Runner (12) has spiral groove above, with positioning rope (11).Rope is from a side of runner, be wrapped in the groove, draw from the middle part of runner, the combination transmission of this rope and runner, very flexible, rope can not have fixing movement locus in its working plane, rope can be with various angle pulling runners, the mooring points of rope and the work distance of runner are changeable, the stroke that draws, receives rope is also changeable, go up the different radii size of the mooring points of rope, the circular movement of diverse location thereby can adapt to easy bent face (1), can convert the wave thrust of different wave to rotating power.
Although this combination only can absorb wave thrust in one direction, this remedies but can restrict by increasing, wheels are incompatible, rope can become various angles with easy bent face, be 10～30,150～170 degree angles and can absorb thrust on the wave substantially horizontal, be 30～60,120～150 degree angles, then can absorb the thrust on wave 45, the 135 degree left and right directions, be 60～120 degree angles, then can absorb wave 90 degree, i.e. thrusts on the Vertical direction.
Receive the spring of rope usefulness, two kinds of forms can be arranged, a kind of is by spiral spring (14) and runner (12) axle connection, or passes through driving mechanism.During rope (11) pulling runner, spiral spring just is stretched, accumulation of energy, and after rope tension removed, the spiral spring elastic potential energy discharged, and drove the runner opposite spin, received rope; Another kind by cylindrical spring (17), receive that rope sheave (18), an end tie up on the cylindrical spring and the other end is wrapped in the rope of receiving on the rope sheave and forms, receive rope sheave and runner shaft connection, or by the driving mechanism transmission, during rope pulling runner, drive and receive rope sheave, thereby with cylindrical spring stretching, accumulation of energy, wave thrust disappears the stage, and rope fluffs, rope tension removes, the cylindrical spring elastic potential energy discharges, and drives the runner opposite spin by receiving rope sheave, receives rope.
(2) power (ratchet realizes that the unidirectional output of power, hydraulic system realize that energy compiles, and see Figure 10) is compiled, transmitted to transmission system
Because in receiving rope (11) process, runner (12) will reverse,,, guarantee not constitute obstruction to receiving rope so that it can stop transmission in runner opposite spin process so need ratchet mechanism (15).When rope pulling runner is rotated in the forward, power outputs to hydraulic system power end (41) (adopting the plunger pump form) by ratchet mechanism, converts the hydraulic pressure energy to, transmits along hydraulic plumbing system, be pooled to hydraulic system actuating station (47) (adopting the plunger pump form) at last, convert power again to.Because the hydraulic system power end is little and various, and independent operating (being out of step) separately, so the overall flow rate of hydraulic oil is more stable.Each hydraulic system actuating station all is furnished with automatic control selector valve (46), uses connection, the disconnection of automatic control selector valve controlled hydraulic system actuating station and pressure tube (42), return tube (43).Hydraulic system actuating station adopts many (general more than 3) cylinder, multi-throw crankshaft mechanism (52) cooperation form, can not have the dead point so that work like this, and power output steadily, and the hydraulic oil flow velocity is steady relatively.
(3) power generation system generating (generator realizes that generating, the realization of mating electric system become spendable electric current with irregular current conversion)
Generator (51) will become electric current from the power-converting of transmission system.Because wave varies in size, the electric current [strength of output is also different, so transfer to mating electric system (for example AC-DC-AC converter or rectifier+storage battery+rectifying installations such as inverter) irregular current conversion is become needed electric current.By output cable electric power is imported electrical network at last.Output cable has two kinds of forms, in the zone that does not often change, adopts seabed wiring form.In the zone that often changes, adopt the suspention form: be made up of float (86), suspention cable (87), anchor (89), the float that forms a line is suspended in cable in the water, and anchor is fixed within limits.This mode can be avoided the friction in seabed,
(4) working platform provides stability fundamental, safety guarantee (wave energy is collected on the slope of heading sea, and the easy bent face of shore supports, base are stablized working platform, slide rail shock absorbing power, see Fig. 2)
Working platform top, front and back (face wave and pounce on front and back when coming) is provided with pillar (22).Working platform has adopted and has made the slope of heading sea (21) that vertical depth shoals gradually in the wave progresses so that wave energy focus on easy bent face (1) place above.
Base can be the fixed platform that is fixed on the continental rise, also can be that large-area dough sheet in the water in suspension is (because wave increases with the degree of depth, the strength retrogression is very fast, the water flowability of depths is very little, so large-area base can be so that the entire job platform keeps stable), this dough sheet area of contour on (when facing wave and pouncing on about, front and back) direction before and after up and down is very big, and the resistance that makes it move suffered water on this both direction is very big.Head sea the slope by the sliding connection of slide rail and base, make its relative base can on fore-and-aft direction, slide when pouncing on (face wave front and back).Head sea location between slope and the base, damping relies on the high capacity runner (13) that is fixed on the slope of heading sea and an end to tie up to the high capacity runner and rope that the other end ties up on the base is realized.Like this, it is sloping stressed when its allowed band to head sea, because load is very big, the high capacity runner can not move, and can keep stable, and head sea the slope stressed exceed certain limit after, the high capacity runner can rotate, thereby can be on base be slided before and after when pouncing on (face wave front and back) in the slope of heading sea, cushioned, energy has also been exported in the rotation of high load runner simultaneously.
For single working platform work, need be in both sides when pouncing on (face wave left and right side) add side plate, when a plurality of working platforms are worked together, the side of each working platform (face wave and pounce on next side) is furnished with hook (82) or rope, by hook or rope and the connection of adjacent working platform, thereby be arranged in a row.If the side of certain working platform does not have other working platforms, need add side plate in this side, in case wave energy runs off.Damping device (83) is arranged between each working platform, avoid bump and extruding between working platform.When operating location or direction need change, the working platform on the file leader or the last person dragged with towboat (81), is similar to the function mode of train, like this easy operating and management.After determining operating location, the row's of putting in order working platform is fixed with anchor (89).
(5) Automatic monitoring systems are monitored system, and adjust system can and guarantee the optimum state (Figure 11) of security of system stable operation to the efficient absorption conversion of wave.
Surveillance center monitors system, to guarantee that system stability efficiently moves.Surveillance center is by receiving stressed, the signal that draws journey sensor, the working platform degree of depth/inclination sensor, structure stress sensor, hydraulic system pressure transducer, velocity transducer, sea situation monitor to send from the wave energy acquisition system, and manual command, come the execution of the excitation regulating device of control operation platform inclination degree regulating device, degree of depth regulating device, transmission system speed change gear, generator, easy bent face lowering or hoisting gear etc., to guarantee the efficient stable operation of system.
When Surveillance center learns when running into rips by each road signal, can turn load down by the speed change gear of adjusting generator excitation and transmission system, so that the more efficient absorption wave energy of system; Learn by each road signal when Surveillance center to run into big or middle when wave, can transfer big load by the speed change gear of adjusting generator excitation and transmission system, so that the more efficient absorption wave energy of system; Learn by each road signal when Surveillance center and can pass through degree of depth regulating device when running into billow, calamitous wave, reduce the degree of depth of working platform.When Surveillance center learns that working platform tilts, can restore balance by degree of depth regulating device, tilt adjusting apparatus.Learn wave peak line and working platform when Surveillance center and depart from when too big, will feed back to the manual operation platform, provide with reference to the adjustment scheme.
Degree of depth regulating device (Figure 12) is made up of closed container (84), pump (61), water pipe (63), start-stop valve (62), tracheae (64), the buoy (65) that do not fall.Pump is placed in the closed container, and water pipe one terminates to the delivery outlet of pump, and an end gets out outside the container, is equipped with the start-stop valve on the water pipe.Tracheae one termination is gone in the container, and the other end is received and do not fallen on the buoy and do not falling to keep under the effect of buoy mouthful down at offshore floating always.When needs float, send signal and give pump power, open the start-stop valve, allow pump that the water in the container is extracted out, simultaneously, the air on the sea enters in the container by tracheae and replenishes.Whole system proportion descends, and is floated thus.When needs sink, open the start-stop valve, the water of outside under action of gravity downstream pipe enter in the container, and the air in the container is discharged to outside the container by tracheae.Degree of depth adjust system can have the lateral inclination balanced action concurrently.
Inclination adjustment on the fore-and-aft direction is then by tilt adjusting apparatus (Figure 13, cut the display unit open) to finish, it is made up of counterbalance (66), slide bar (67), usually balance adjusting device is placed in working platform lower central position, so that center of gravity is by down, system is more stable.When supervisory system was sent instruction, counterbalance just under controlled power, moved forward and backward, to adjust inclination.
Easy bent face lowering or hoisting gear is by easy bent face halyard (23), easily bent face lifting bar (24), an end tie up on the easy bent face and the elastic drag rope (8) that the other end ties up on the easy bent face lifting bar is formed.Under controlled power drove, easily the bent face halyard drove easy bent face lifter rod lifting fixed thereon (similar flagraising, lower flag), thereby realizes easy bent face lifting.
The present invention has the following advantages:
1, adaptation waveform ability is strong, wave energy absorbs, the conversion efficiency height: easily bent face is whole, contacts with wave, has improved the absorption area of wave energy.Easily bent face (1) is continuous, water-tight, and this has been avoided the loss of wave energy to a great extent.Easily bent face can rise and fall with ripple, and its easily curved characteristic makes it can adapt to various waveforms.The combination of rope (11) and runner (12), also very flexible, adapt to various waveforms, although this combination only can absorb wave thrust in one direction, this remedies but can restrict by increasing, wheels are incompatible, rope can become various angles with easy bent face, be 10～30,150～170 degree angles and can absorb thrust on the wave substantially horizontal, be 30～60,120～150 degree angles, then can absorb the thrust on wave 45, the 135 degree left and right directions, be 60～120 degree angles, then can absorb wave 90 degree, i.e. thrusts on the Vertical direction.In addition, the slope of heading sea of the working platform of setting can be concentrated wave energy, thereby more can be improved absorption efficiency to easy bent face place.Because adapt to various waves, its activity duration also increases, even when disastrous wave takes place, after system sinks under the water, still can work on (because depths not, underwater, water also is to make circular movement, and wave is also arranged, and just intensity is little).Automatic monitoring systems can be according to wave intensity size in addition, the load size of adjustment power generation system and the easy bent face of lifting, the degree of depth, tilt adjusting apparatus, and the system that makes adapts to the wave ability, absorption wave energy efficient is attained a yet higher goal.
2, capacity of anti-storm is very strong: because easily bent face itself has elasticity and ductility, and the folding and unfolding distance of rope can very long (can reach tens of rice), this has just prolonged buffer distance in the wave stroke process greatly, reduced instantaneous impact, capacity of anti-storm is strengthened (the sufficiently long words if restrict, even can deal with the billow of more than 10 meter of wave height) thus.Head sea sloping is to link to each other by slide rail, high load runner+deragger with base in addition, when running into billow, also can play the effect of certain buffering.In addition, the depth adjustment (84) of Automatic monitoring systems equipment can sink to system below the water surface when disastrous wave takes place.
3, can off-shore operation: base can suspend in water, and has so just broken away from the dependence to land.Towboat whole row's working platform in tow sashays, thus can mobile operating.The suspention cable of native system also is the mobility condition that provides the foundation.
4, strong operability, reliability height: native system has adopted Automatic monitoring systems, can the real-time monitoring system operation conditions, automatic regulating system is to optimum utilization usefulness state, according to sea situation, automatically regulate the degree of depth, the balance of working platform, and can the easy bent face of lifting, reduced manpower, improved the stability and the sensitivity of system.
Description of drawings 61-pump
Fig. 1: the absorption principle Figure 62-start-stop valve of wave energy
Fig. 2: the side-looking Figure 63-water pipe of working platform
Fig. 3: perspective Figure 64 of working platform-tracheae
Fig. 4: the easy bent face structure 65 of plate+elastic surface type-is fallen buoy
Fig. 5: the easy bent face 66-counterbalance of plate+flexible face+elastic rope type
Fig. 6: one section 67-slide bar of easy bent face
Fig. 7: easily bent face is overlooked Figure 81-towboat
Fig. 8: spiral spring, runner, ratchet, hydraulic system 82-hook
Power end relation signal Figure 83-damping device
Fig. 9: cylindrical spring is received rope structure Figure 84-closed container
Figure 10: hydraulic system 86-float
Figure 11: wave energy conversion and generating flow process Figure 87-suspention cable
Figure 12: depth adjustment 89-anchor
Figure 13: balance regulator (cutting open in the circle)
Figure 14: many working platforms layout plan
Figure 15: two kinds of cable distributions
1-easily bent face
2-dividing plate
3-transverse axis
4-plate
Elastic surface between 5-plate
Elastic rope between 6-plate
7-flexible fold face
8-elastic drag rope
11-rope
12-runner
13-high capacity runner
14-spiral spring
15-ratchet mechanism
17-cylindrical spring
18-receipts rope sheave
21-the slope of heading sea
22-pillar
23-easily bent face halyards
24-easily bent face lifting cross bars
31-slide rail
32-base
41-hydraulic system power end
42-pressure tube
43-return tube
46-automatic control selector valve
47-hydraulic system actuating station
51-generator
52-multi-throw crankshaft mechanism
Embodiment
The detailed description of the specific embodiment of the present invention being done into-being gone on foot below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
(1) the easily manufacturing of bent face (seeing Fig. 4, Fig. 5, Fig. 6, Fig. 7):
First kind of easy bent face can be selected elastic plastic material for use, but cost is than higher.
For the easy bent face of many plates form:
Easily the size of single plate (4) on the bent face can be selected according to the on-site mean wave size of device.Generally can
About, thickness satisfies the working strength demand and gets final product.Plate, lighter than water, but to guarantee to possess certain intensity, can add the high strength plastic board with foamed plastics.
Dividing plate (2) length vertically is fixed under the plate with identical with its affixed single plate, width about 0.5 meter, with possessing the material of certain intensity, highstrenghtpiston for example, thickness satisfies the working strength demand and gets final product.
The effect of transverse axis (3) is several plates that connect same row, transmits the suffered wave thrust of each plate, and resistance to flexure is had relatively high expectations, available steel pipe manufacturing, 6 * 3 meters of length, 3 centimetres of internal diameters, 4 centimetres of external diameters.
For second kind of easy bent face (1), elastic surface between plate (5) can be made of rubber.
For the third easy bent face (1), fill the flexible fold face (7) of usefulness, can make of high-intensity macromolecular material, elastic rope between plate (6) can be made of spring with anti-corrosion capability or elastic cord.
What be worth to replenish is, according to Wave Theory, in the wave progresses, the degree of depth is during less than half wavelength, velocity of wave can be slack-off, wavelength can shorten, because the wave propagation degree of depth that the slope of heading sea (21) cause shoals, adds constantly being absorbed of wave energy, wave attenuation, wavelength, wave height diminish gradually, so all narrower than forward by the plate of back (face wave and pounce on front and back when coming), dividing plate, narrow plate, dividing plate more help the absorption to rips.
(2) manufacturing and the layout (seeing Fig. 8, Fig. 9) of rope (11) runner (12) device
Rope should be high strength, corrosion-resistant, wear-resisting, pliability is good, as nylon etc., also can adopt the outside that the wire rope of protecting jacket is arranged.The mooring points of rope generally is on the two ends of transverse axis (3), also can directly tie up on the two ends of plate.But there is no need to be tether all on each plate, concrete system what, every how many row systems, decide on the average mixed and disorderly degree of local wave, intensity.
Runner (12) is made cylindrically, and helical groove is arranged above the cylinder, and for rope location usefulness, the winding of rope is the side from runner, draws at the middle part, and the runner radius is about 0.1 meter, and the spiral fluted number of turns is about 20～50 circles.Runner will have anti-corrosion capability, can scribble the reinforced concrete making of gloss paint with appearance.
Runner is such with respect to the mounting point of easy bent face: runner should be fixed on the slope of heading sea of easy bent face below, because system's center of gravity can be forced down like this, strengthens stability.And the lateral attitude of runner, the rope mooring points on easy bent face also should stagger each other, interferes with each other with between avoiding rope and restricting.
Receive rope and can adopt spiral spring (14) or (17) two kinds of devices of cylindrical spring (as Fig. 8, Fig. 9).The spiral spring device is by spiral spring and runner shaft connection, and during rope pulling runner, spiral spring just is stretched, accumulation of energy, and after rope tension removed, the spiral spring elastic potential energy discharged, and drove the runner opposite spin, received rope;
Another kind is cylindrical spring (a 17) device, by cylindrical spring, receive that rope sheave (18), an end tie up on the cylindrical spring and the other end is wrapped in the rope of receiving on the rope sheave and forms, receive rope sheave and runner shaft connection, and littler than runner radius, during rope pulling runner, cylindrical spring just is stretched, accumulation of energy, after rope tension removes, the cylindrical spring elastic potential energy discharges, and drives the runner opposite spin, receives rope.
This is to very similar with vacuum cleaner recovery power line to the automatic recovery of firm tape measure.
Receive rope in addition and also can adopt the additionaling power mode, in the stay cord stage, do not provide additionaling power.Pulling force disappears the stage, and additionaling power drives runner counter-rotating, the withdrawal of will restricting.
The receipts rope spring assembly of making, its working curve characteristic line should compare gently, and promptly pulling force size variation amplitude is little, and value of thrust is unsuitable excessive, can reclaim rope and get final product, but its reaction velocity should be very fast, hysteresis phenomenon should not occur.
Rope withdrawing apparatus is isolated with seawater in addition, is placed in the sloping container of heading sea.Should be added with waterproof grommet on the axle between rope withdrawing apparatus and the runner (12), receive members such as rope sheave, spring with the water-impervious corrosion.
(3) manufacturing of ratchet mechanism, hydraulic system (seeing Fig. 8, Fig. 9, Figure 10)
Ratchet mechanism (15) and whole hydraulic system all should be isolated with water, are placed in the sloping container of heading sea.
Axle between ratchet mechanism and the runner (12) should be added with waterproof grommet.
The power end of hydraulic system (41) (plunger pump formula) should be little more a lot of than actuating station (47) (plunger pump formula).
The close power end part of hydraulic plumbing system, pipeline is thin and branch is many, can use steel wire to strengthen the nylon sebific duct to make, both can corrosion protection, can adjust the position flexibly again.And the part of close actuating station, it is thick that pipeline is wanted.Hydraulic system is not confined in the working platform, and it can also according to circumstances realize that the hydraulic pressure between the different work platform can transmit.Hydraulic pressure can transmit, and should can reduce friction loss, avoid pulse ripple like this in line with the principle of high pressure, low speed, speed stabilizing.
Each hydraulic system actuating station all is furnished with automatic control selector valve (46), uses connection, the disconnection of automatic control selector valve controlled hydraulic system actuating station and pressure tube (42), return tube (43).Hydraulic system actuating station should adopt many (at least 3) cylinder, multi-throw crankshaft (52) cooperation mode, and each crank should be even angular orientation at interval.For example, the bent axle of 3 cylinders, 3 cranks, adjacent crank angle is the 360/3=120 degree.Can guarantee not have the dead point like this, and power output steadily, concerning hydraulic system, the hydraulic oil flow velocity is also steady relatively many.
(4) power generation system (configuration of the selecting for use of generator, mating electric system)
Selecting for use of generator should be decided according to the power size of hydraulic system output, and generator is placed in the sloping container of heading sea, and also can be placed on the independent ship.
The mating electric system adopts rectifier+storage battery+inverter pattern, or AC-DC-AC converter.Preceding a kind of pattern should adopt electric power directly to export+storage battery revisal mode, can save the storage battery cost.
Output cable (Figure 15) is used two kinds of seabed wire laying mode and sus-pension, utilizes float (86) will suspend cable (87) in midair and is suspended in the water, distance between float can be 50～100 meters, about 5 meters～10 meters of the suspention degree of depth, the part area is passed through in order to allow ship, can be 50 meters.Anchor (89) then needs the turning to arrange in interval very long distance (for example 500 meters) or cable.Because suspend this mode in midair, influence the navigation of water surface traffic and submarine, and unstable, so only be used for the zone of often change or the seabed inconvenient zone of connecting up.
(5) manufacturing of working platform (slope of heading sea, pillar, slide rail, base are seen Fig. 2, Fig. 3)
The slope (21) of heading sea is made highly 10 meters up and down, and front and back are wide 20 meters, the triangular prism shaped container in right angle that wall thickness is about 10 centimetres.Place transmission system, power generation system in the container.Domatic going up installed runner (12), receipts rope spring assembly, ratchet mechanism (15) etc.Heading sea, whole proportion should be approaching with water for sloping container (equipment that comprises the inside).Very big impact force and pulling force will be born in the slope because head sea, so will be with high-intensity armoured concrete slab or macromolecular material manufacturing.
Two row's pillars (22) are arranged in the front and back of working platform, and every row is more than two, and be evenly distributed (Figure 13 then is 4), and front-seat pillar is high 16 meters, and back row's pillar is high 6 meters, can be used as antiseptic steel pipe manufacturing.
Base (32) is then made the dough sheet shape that side projection exactly likes " several " shape, and is high up and down 10 meters, and the top and the slope of heading sea are with wide, and 20 meters, the bottom is striden wide 32 meters.The whole proportion and the water of base are approaching, and material can be selected iron sheet concrete slab (so-called iron sheet concrete is that concrete slab and iron and steel cortex+steel wire frame is formed exactly) for use, or make with macromolecular material or its composite.
The most handy track of slide rail (31) is realized, considers cost, can directly on head sea slope or base wheel be installed, and the opposing party installs the track of restriction wheel slippage and gets final product.
Be arranged in the damping device of the rope+high load runner (13) on the slide rail, load is very big.When wave was little, it should keep motionless or very little distance, to keep the stable of slope of heading sea, because it is mainly prepared for absorbing especially big wave energy.The rope at this place, intensity are also very high.Also can pass through a plurality of ropes, runner combination replacement.
Should there be hook (82) or rope in the both sides of working platform in addition, with for when the collaborative work of many working platforms, can with adjacent working platform binding, damping device (83) also will be arranged in addition, in order to avoid stress is too concentrated, damage working platform.Working platform should be closely to link to each other, in case wave energy runs off.For the working platform of preparing to be used in head of the queue or tail of the queue, its side also will add side plate, needs to prepare towboat in addition, in order to dragging the usefulness of whole row's working platform.
(6) configuration of Automatic monitoring systems, operation (Figure 11 sees in transducing part, Surveillance center, actuator)
Head sea sloping structure stress sensor, the degree of depth/inclination sensor, hydraulic pressures sensor, hydraulic thrust, rope tension, draw journey sensor, sea situation detecting sensor etc., can select existing various sensing detection elements at present for use.Surveillance center can be made up of single-chip microcomputer, programmable controller and computer system etc., does not generally need each working platform Surveillance center of configuration separately, but the shared Surveillance center of a plurality of even whole working platform.
The circuit that is used for transferring power and signal all adopts the electric wire mode.Actuators such as device such as the speed change of hydraulic system, easily bent face lifting, the working platform degree of depth (84), inclination adjustment all adopt motor driving, to guarantee accurate shape, sensitivity.
Learn when running into rips by each road signal when Surveillance center, turn load down by the speed change gear of adjusting generator excitation and transmission system, so that the more efficient absorption wave energy of system; Learn by each road signal when Surveillance center to run into big or middle when wave, transfer big load by the speed change gear of adjusting generator excitation and transmission system, so that the more efficient absorption wave energy of system; Learn by each road signal when Surveillance center and can pass through degree of depth regulating device (84) when running into billow, reduce the degree of depth of working platform.When Surveillance center learns that working platform tilts, restore balance by degree of depth regulating device, tilt adjusting apparatus.Learn wave peak line and working platform when Surveillance center and depart from when too big, will feed back to the manual operation platform, and provide reference scheme.
Degree of depth adjust system (84) is made up of closed container, pump (61), water pipe (63), start-stop valve (62), tracheae (64), the buoy (65) that do not fall.Pump is placed in the closed container, and water pipe one terminates to the delivery outlet of pump, and an end gets out outside the container, is equipped with the start-stop valve on the water pipe.Tracheae one termination is gone in the container, and the other end is received and do not fallen on the buoyancy aid and do not falling to keep under the effect of buoy mouthful down at offshore floating always.When needs float, send signal and give pump power, open the start-stop valve, allow pump that the water in the container is extracted out.Simultaneously, the air on the sea enters in the container by tracheae and replenishes.Whole system proportion descends, and is floated thus.When needs sink, open the start-stop valve, the water of outside under action of gravity downstream pipe enter in the container, and the air in the container is discharged to outside the container by tracheae.Degree of depth adjust system can have the lateral inclination corrective action concurrently.Closed container can be placed on head sea sloping bottom or both sides.
Inclination adjustment on the fore-and-aft direction is then finished by independent tilt adjusting apparatus, and it mainly is made up of counterbalance (66), slide bar (67), and balance adjusting device is placed in working platform lower central position so that center of gravity by time, system is more stable.
Easy bent face lowering or hoisting gear is by easy bent face halyard (23), easily bent face lifting bar (24), an end tie up on the easy bent face and the elasticity that the other end ties up on the easy bent face lifting bar draws (8) rope to form.Under controlled power drove, easily the bent face halyard drove easy bent face lifting bar fixed thereon (similar flagraising, lower flag), thereby realizes easy bent face lifting.Easily the bent face halyard can be made of the nylon rope chain, and easily the bent face lifting bar is then used steel pipe manufacturing.
Be estimation below to absorption, transfer power:
, wavelength high 2 meters for the average annual wave in certain marine site is about 50 meters, the wave of cycle 8s, and the dimensional parameters of system is set as follows:
The width of working platform is about 20 meters, and the slope of heading sea is high 10 meters, and four pillar tops are high about 6 meters.10 meters of bases, 30 degree angles are opened in both sides forwards, backwards.Easily the spacer width on the bent face is about 0.5 meter.Easily bent face exceeds at the bottom of the post 1 meter.
According to Wave Theory, wave water particle movement velocity be progression with the degree of depth and successively decrease:
V＝V
0e
-2πz/λ
(λ is the wave wavelength, and z is the depth of water, V
0Be water surface water particle speed, V is the z depth of water place water particle degree of depth.)
And because the height on the slope of heading sea is 10 meters, the wavelength of this wave is 50 meters, and the depth of water at the end, slope of heading sea so is exactly 0.2 wavelength, that is to say, the above wave energy of the 0.2 wavelength degree of depth will be concentrated in the slope of heading sea.According to formula
(z is the depth of water, and η is the above wave the subject of knowledge and the object of knowledge proportion of the z depth of water, and λ is the wave wavelength.)
Draw η=91.89%
Potential energy then concentrates on the water surface, so the wave energy that can concentrate accounts for about 95% of total energy.
According to the wave energy formula,
P＝0.5?TH
2
(P is a power, and T is a wave period, and H is a wave height)
Wave energy on the unit width was directly proportional with the cycle, square was directly proportional with wave height, and then the wave energy summation on one meter the width is 0.5 * 8 * 2 * 2=16 kilowatt, and the wave energy of concentrating is 16 * 0.95=15.2 kilowatt.
Each working platform closely links to each other, and rope+runner (12) configuration is rationally talked about fully, after this system of process, most of wave energy will be absorbed, if absorption efficiency 90%, driving mechanism efficient are 85%, generator conversion efficiency 95%, the efficient of mating electric system is 95%, and the power that then obtains at last is
15.2 * 90% * 85% * 95% * 95%=10.49 kilowatt
Total efficiency is 10.49/16=65.58%
Visual efficiency is very high.
Claims (10)
1, a kind of wave energy conversion and power generation system, form by wave energy acquisition system, transmission system, power generation system, working platform, it is characterized in that: its wave energy acquisition system, be to utilize the easy bent face (1) that to follow the wave bending fluctuation, by spurring that an end ties up on the easy bent face and the other end is wrapped in rope (11) the pulling runner rotation on the runner (12), realization converts irregular wave thrust to rotating power, disappear the stage in wave thrust, rely on spring or additionaling power, the counter-rotating of drive runner, the withdrawal of will restricting; Easily bent face (1) is the assembly that can follow the wave bending fluctuation, and three kinds of forms are arranged, and first kind is directly to be made by elastic material; Second kind is a plurality of plates (4), be two-dimensional array and arrange, and between reserve distance, fill with elastic surface (5) between plate between plate and the plate; The third is, a plurality of plates are two-dimensional array and are arranged in order, and reserve distance between plate and the plate, between fill with flexible fold face (7), plate is connected with elastic rope between plate (6) with plate; Easily bent face ties up on the pillar (22) that is inserted on the working platform by rope.
2, wave energy conversion according to claim 1 and power generation system is characterized in that; Its easy bent face all will be connected with dividing plate (2) below.
3, wave energy conversion according to claim 1 and power generation system, it is characterized in that: runner (12), spiral groove is arranged above, and rope is wrapped in the groove from a side of runner, draw from the middle part of runner, spring can have two kinds of forms, and a kind of is by spiral spring (14), spiral spring and runner shaft connection, or pass through driving mechanism; Another kind by cylindrical spring (17), receive that rope sheave (18), an end tie up on the cylindrical spring and the other end is wrapped in the rope of receiving on the rope sheave and forms, receive rope sheave and runner shaft to join, or pass through driving mechanism.
4, wave energy conversion according to claim 1 and power generation system is characterized in that its transmission system is made up of ratchet mechanism (15) and hydraulic system, and hydraulic system power end, actuating station all adopt the plunger pump form; Runner (12) passes to hydraulic system power end power by ratchet mechanism, and hydraulic system actuating station employing multi-cylinder is parallel, the common cooperation mode of multi-throw crankshaft mechanism (52).
5, wave energy conversion according to claim 1 and power generation system, it is characterized in that, its power generation system is made up of generator set (51), mating electric system, output cable, and the mating electric system is the system that irregular electric current is organized into the needed electric current of electricity consumption, output cable, two kinds of forms are arranged, in the zone that does not often change, adopt seabed wiring form, in the zone that often changes, adopt the suspention form, it is made up of float (86), suspention cable (87), anchor (89).
6, wave energy conversion according to claim 1 and power generation system, it is characterized in that: its working platform mainly by make vertical depth shoals gradually in the wave progresses the slope of heading sea (21), pillar, the still metastable base in position (32), slide rail (31) (22) are formed when stressed, base can be the fixed platform that is fixed on the continental rise, it also can be the large-area dough sheet in the water in suspension, area of contour on the direction of this dough sheet before and after up and down is very big, and the resistance that makes it move suffered water on this both direction is very big; Head sea the slope by slide rail and the sliding connection of base, the relative base in the slope of heading sea can be slided on fore-and-aft direction; Head sea location between slope and the base, damping by being fixed in a high capacity runner (13) on the slope of heading sea and an end and tying up to the high capacity runner and the rope that the other end ties up on the base realize.
7, wave energy conversion according to claim 1 and power generation system, it is characterized in that: for single working platform work, need add side plate in both sides, when a plurality of working platforms are worked together, the side of each working platform is furnished with hook (82) or rope, by hook or rope and the connection of adjacent working platform, thereby closely be arranged in a row; If the side of certain working platform does not have other working platforms, need add side plate in this side, damping device (83) is arranged between each working platform; When operating location or direction need change, the working platform on the file leader or the last person dragged with towboat (81), is similar to the function mode of train, after determining operating location, with anchor (89) row's of putting in order working platform was fixed.
8, wave energy conversion according to claim 1 and power generation system, it is characterized in that, Automatic monitoring systems (Figure 11) have been equipped with, Surveillance center is by receiving the force sensor from the wave energy acquisition system, draw the journey sensor, the working platform degree of depth/inclination sensor, the structure stress sensor, the hydraulic system pressure transducer, velocity transducer, the signal that the sea situation monitor is sent, and manual command, come control operation platform inclination degree regulating device, degree of depth regulating device, the transmission system speed change gear, the excitation regulating device of generator, the easily execution of bent face lowering or hoisting gear is to guarantee the efficient stable operation of system.
9, wave energy conversion according to claim 8 and power generation system, it is characterized in that, be equipped with the working platform inclination, degree of depth regulating device (Figure 12), degree of depth regulating device is by closed container (84), pump (61), water pipe (63), start-stop valve (62), tracheae (64), the buoy (65) that do not fall is formed, pump is placed in the closed container, water pipe one terminates to the delivery outlet of pump, one end gets out outside the container, be equipped with the start-stop valve on the water pipe, tracheae one termination is gone in the container, the other end is received in not the falling on the buoyancy aid of offshore floating, and is not falling to keep under the effect of buoy mouthful down always, and balance adjusting device is mainly by counterbalance (66), slide bar (67) is formed; When supervisory system was sent instruction, counterbalance just under controlled power, moved forward and backward, to adjust inclination.
10, wave energy conversion according to claim 7 and power generation system, it is characterized in that: be equipped with easy bent face lowering or hoisting gear, by easy bent face halyard (23), easily bent face lifting bar (24), an end tie up on the easy bent face and the elastic drag rope (8) that the other end ties up on the easy bent face lifting bar is formed, under controlled power drives, easily the bent face halyard drives easy bent face lifter rod lifting fixed thereon, and then drives easy bent face lifting by elastic drag rope.
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| US8120195B2 (en) * | 2008-07-23 | 2012-02-21 | Single Buoy Moorings, Inc. | Wave energy converter |
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