CN100498873C - Manikin and method of manufacturing the same - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a human model and a production process, which utilizes the physical properties which are close to a living body such as shape, color, texture of sense organs, softness and hardness and the like to reappear on a skeleton part and soft tissue, and the part of the model can be damaged as the training of operative procedure in the operative procedures. The physical properties which are close to the living body represent skeleton part and soft tissue. One part of the human model can be used as a damageable part which can be irreversibly damaged, the damageable part can be used as components to be changed, and the main body of the model can be repeatedly used.

Description

Manikin and manufacture method thereof

Technical field

The present invention relates to human body, animal etc. life (below, be called manikin), the life of described human body, animal etc. is applicable to the virtual patient of the exploitation usefulness of the training of the operation in medical science and the veterinary science education sector, surgical instrument, modus operandi, particularly relate to the surgical instrument that uses pliers etc., when impression is near " feel " in kind, the manikin of the training that can undergo surgery.

Background technology

As manikin in the past, the model that model, hand-built model and rapid prototyping (Rapid Prototyping:RP) technology that has imitative type to make is made etc.Utilize the model of imitative type manufacturing, at first make the mould of remains, people's bone specimen etc., in this mould, inject moulding such as resin, gypsum then and form.So long as not trickle, complicated structure, just can comparatively cheap batch making, so be the extensive model of utilization at present.In addition, the home built model so cost an arm and a leg, is a kind of model that is applicable to that single product are produced owing to be a kind of model of making one by one by hand.Utilizing the model of RP fabrication techniques can only use homogenous material appearance, is a kind of as the highly advanced medical treatment of MHLW " surgical planning that utilizes big internal organs stereoscopic model in kind to carry out ", the model that beginning is used in plastic surgery.As mentioned above, model in the past has all kinds (for example, with reference to patent documentation 1,2,3,4.)。

Patent documentation 1 spy opens the 2001-005377 communique

Patent documentation 2 spies open flat 11-262542 communique

Patent documentation 3 spies open flat 11-249548 communique

The flat 8-500021 communique of patent documentation 4 special tables

In addition, the present situation of operative training method is for utilizing animal, remains and virtual reality sense (Virtual Reality:VR) technology.

(1) utilizes animal:, use piglet, shoat as laparoscopic surgery.In addition, on market, sell the internal organs that added pig etc., the abdominal cavity model that is used to train are arranged.But, beyond the abdominal cavity, the position that much can not utilize animal to train in addition.

(2) utilize remains: though shape is fine, utilizing the hardness of the soft tissue of formalin fixed is different with live body.In addition, remains are very rare, and the chance of training has the tendency of minimizing.Also pointed out in the process of using remains, infected danger is arranged.

(3) utilize the VR technology: be in the research process, do not have " feel ",, also be subjected to a lot of restrictions even have in other words.In addition, VR system price costliness, be difficult to keep, particularly have the model of " feel " to damage easily.

So if good model is arranged, the demand at scene of wishing to be used for the operation technique training is very big.

But as operation exercise usefulness, there is following problem points in existing above-mentioned model.

(1) model that utilizes imitative type to make:

Because surface configuration can utilize imitative type to make, and is very simple, so be not durable aspect the observation utilizing introscope to enlarge.In addition, because imagination is not destroyed operation, so inner structure and material object fall far short.And, make for long-time the use firmer than material object, so the training of " feel " when not being suitable for operation.

(2) home built model:

Surface configuration is better than the model that imitative type is made, but it is not identical with the model of imitative type making to destroy operating aspect in imagination, and inner structure and intensity aspect do not reflect actual conditions.In addition, owing to cost an arm and a leg, be not suitable for the training that destroys in the operation technique.

(3) utilize the model of RP fabrication techniques:

Mouldings is made with homogenous material, so can not be shaped simultaneously bone and soft tissue.Use moulding press can use two kinds of materials simultaneously, but just be divided into auxiliary material and mouldings material, do not have to generate the device of the mouldings that constitutes by multiple material.So the hardness of the mouldings of formation is uniform basically.In addition, moulding material was designed to industrial originally, so for fear of mouldings distortion, or damage when from moulding press, taking out, use solid material (nylon, nylon+glass, epoxy resin, ABS resin etc.) more.These materials are firmer than bone, thus during operative training reproducing aspect " feel ", can not directly use.

The model that utilizes the molded making of RP carries out moldedly in plastic surgery etc. at the bone to the patient, when making the mould of the artificial bone of filling up damaged part, have sufficient value, but can not be directly used in other operative training model.

This aspect is in view of the problem points of above-mentioned conventional art and propose, its purpose is to provide a kind of texture, pliability and hardness etc. of utilizing shape, color, sense organ to approach the physical characteristics of live body, reproduce bone portion, soft tissue, and the manikin and the manufacture method thereof of the operation training that undergos surgery partially that can damage model in operation technique.

Summary of the invention

The invention provides a kind of manikin, it is characterized in that reproducing bone portion and soft tissue with physical characteristics near live body.At least a portion of manikin is the part destroyed that can irreversibly destroy when operation technique, and this can destroy part and can be used as parts and change, and can the main part of model be reused.That is, this can destroy the part be can undergo surgery the operation the operation technique object part.

In addition, the invention provides a kind of manufacture method of manikin, this method is a kind of method of making manikin, it is characterized in that, have the operation of formation, appearance operation, reproduce operation, wherein above-mentioned formation operation utilizes CAD to form the data of the partial shape of human body; Above-mentioned appearance operation utilizes rapid prototyping that the part of above-mentioned human body is carried out appearance according to the above-mentioned shape data that forms in the above-mentioned formation operation; Form resin molding on the part of above-mentioned reproduction operation above-mentioned human body of appearance in above-mentioned appearance operation, reproduce the part of human body.The part of human body is a paranasal sinus, can be for forehead hole, upper jaw hole, butterfly bone hole, sieve skeleton hole etc. in CT, can not take and utilize the very thick part of RP appearance.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the whole sketch of expression embodiments of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is schemed by the captured photo of the camera of introscope (introscope image).

Fig. 3 is schemed by the captured photo of the camera of introscope (introscope image).

Fig. 4 is the figure of the bone portion of the expression part that constitutes the nasal cavity unit.

Fig. 5 is the figure of the bone portion observed above Fig. 4 of expression.

Fig. 6 is the bone portion under the state of bone portion shown in Figure 4 is observed in expression from right oblique upper figure.

Fig. 7 is the figure of expression skeletal members prototype.

Fig. 8 is the figure of skeletal members that expression is formed with the state of resin molding.

Fig. 9 (a) is the medial surface figure of sieve skeleton cavity portion that represents not install the state in sieve skeleton hole, and Fig. 9 (b) is the lateral surface figure of sieve skeleton cavity portion that represents not install the state in sieve skeleton hole.

Figure 10 (a) is the medial surface figure of sieve skeleton cavity portion that expression is equipped with the state in sieve skeleton hole, and Figure 10 (b) is the lateral surface figure of the sieve skeleton cavity portion of expression state that the sieve skeleton hole is installed.

Figure 11 (a) is the medial surface figure that is illustrated in the sieve skeleton cavity portion of the state that is formed with the mucous membrane that covers upper jaw hole natural hole on the sieve skeleton hole, and Figure 11 (b) is the lateral surface figure that is illustrated in the sieve skeleton cavity portion of the state that is formed with the mucous membrane that covers upper jaw hole natural hole on the sieve skeleton hole.

Figure 12 is the figure that expression utilizes the molded sieve skeleton hole of RP device.

Figure 13 is illustrated in shown in Figure 12 utilizing in the molded sieve skeleton hole of RP device, and dipping is deployed into white or near TOA DIP (the ト ア デ イ Star プ) solution of mucomembranous color, forms the figure as the sieve skeleton hole of the state of the resin molding of the thin bone wall in sieve skeleton hole.

Figure 14 is illustrated in the figure that forms the sieve skeleton hole of the polyp state that forms with silica gel on the sieve skeleton hole of the state that is formed with mucous membrane shown in Figure 13.

Figure 15 is the whole sketch of expression embodiments of the present invention.

Figure 16 is schemed by the captured photo of the camera of introscope (introscope image).

Figure 17 is schemed by the captured photo of the camera of introscope (introscope image).

Figure 18 is the figure of the bone portion of the expression part that constitutes the nasal cavity unit.

Figure 19 is the figure of the bone portion observed above Figure 18 of expression.

Figure 20 is the bone portion under the state of bone portion shown in Figure 180 is observed in expression from right oblique upper figure.

Figure 21 is the figure of the prototype of expression skeletal members.

Figure 22 is the figure of skeletal members that expression is formed with the state of resin molding.

Figure 23 (a) is the medial surface figure that represents not install the sieve skeleton cavity portion of sieve skeleton hole state, and Figure 23 (b) is the lateral surface figure that represents not install the sieve skeleton cavity portion of sieve skeleton hole state.

Figure 24 (a) is the medial surface figure that expression is equipped with the sieve skeleton cavity portion of sieve skeleton hole state, and Figure 24 (b) is the lateral surface figure that expression is equipped with the sieve skeleton cavity portion of sieve skeleton hole state.

Figure 25 (a) is the medial surface figure that is illustrated in the sieve skeleton cavity portion of the state that forms the mucous membrane that covers upper jaw hole natural hole on the sieve skeleton hole, and Figure 25 (b) is the lateral surface figure that is illustrated in the sieve skeleton cavity portion of the state that forms the mucous membrane that covers upper jaw hole natural hole on the sieve skeleton hole.

Figure 26 is the figure that expression utilizes the molded sieve skeleton hole of RP device.

Figure 27 is illustrated in shown in Figure 26 utilizing in the molded sieve skeleton hole of RP device, and dipping is allocated as white or near the TOA DIP liquid of mucomembranous color, forms the figure as the sieve skeleton hole of the resin molding state of the thin bone wall in sieve skeleton hole.

Figure 28 is illustrated in the figure that forms the sieve skeleton hole of the polyp state that forms with silica gel on the sieve skeleton hole of the state that is formed with mucous membrane shown in Figure 27.

Embodiment

Following one side is with reference to figure, Yi Bian narrate the manikin among the present invention and the embodiment of manufacture method thereof.As an embodiment of manikin, enumerate the nasal cavity model and describe.Fig. 1 and Figure 15 are the whole sketches of expression embodiments of the present invention.The central portion of the face of manikin 1 is the nasal cavity unit 2 as the nasal cavity model.Nasal cavity unit 2 is to reproduce the model of bone portion and soft tissue near the physical characteristics of live body.As Fig. 1 and shown in Figure 15, what operating personnel's (doctor) left hand 3 was held is (nasal cavity is used) introscope 4, and what the right hand 6 was held is operational tool 7 such as pliers, tweezers, scalpel.What monitoring interface 5 showed is by the captured photo of camera that inserts the introscope 4 in the nasal cavity, on one side the doctor observes this monitoring interface 5, Yi Bian undergo surgery.

Fig. 2 and Figure 16 are by the captured photo of the camera of introscope 4 (introscope image).Show the leading section that inserts the tweezers 8 in the nasal cavity, and demonstration is pinned the front portion in sieve skeleton described later hole 9, the moment (state) of perforate on this sieve skeleton hole 9 with these tweezers 8.

Fig. 3 and Figure 17 are by the captured photo of the camera of introscope 4 (introscope image).Show the scalpel 10 that inserts in the nasal cavity, and show the state that cuts the mucous membrane 15 that covers jaw hole natural hole (representing with symbol 20) with this scalpel 10 at Figure 11 (a) and Figure 25 (a).

Fig. 4 and Figure 18 represent to constitute the bone portion 12 of the part of nasal cavity unit 2.Fig. 5 and Figure 19 represent the bone portion 12 observed above Fig. 4 and Figure 18.In addition, Fig. 6 and Figure 20 represent to observe bone portion 12 under the state of Fig. 4 and bone portion 12 shown in Figure 180 from right oblique upper.As Fig. 4, Figure 18 and Fig. 5, shown in Figure 19, its a part of left and right sides sieve skeleton cavity portion 13,14 of formation is installed on bone portion 12.On this sieve skeleton cavity portion 14, be equipped with, in operation, apply the destruction operation by the doctor, and the sieve skeleton hole 9 of the part destroyed that conduct can irreversibly destroy when operation technique.This sieve skeleton hole 9 part (parts) for changing.Sieve skeleton hole 9 can take out, change with sieve skeleton cavity portion 14 one.About sieve skeleton cavity portion 13, identical with sieve skeleton cavity portion 14, the destroyed parts that can change can be installed.

In addition, Figure 12 and Figure 26 represent to utilize RP (rapid prototyping: the sieve skeleton hole 9 of device appearance Rapid Prototyping), Figure 13 and Figure 27 are illustrated in dipping in Figure 12 and the sieve skeleton hole 9 that utilizes the appearance of RP device shown in Figure 26 and are deployed into TOA DIP liquid near mucomembranous color, and thin bone that form to constitute sieve skeleton hole wall and sieve skeleton hole 9 as the state of the resin molding 15 that covers its surperficial mucous membrane, Figure 14 and Figure 28 are illustrated in the sieve skeleton hole 9 of the state that is formed with the polyp 16 that silica gel makes on the sieve skeleton hole 9 of the state that is formed with Figure 13 and mucous membrane 15 shown in Figure 27.

In addition, the medial surface of sieve skeleton cavity portion 14 of the state in sieve skeleton hole 9 is not installed in Fig. 9 (a) and Figure 23 (a) expression, and the lateral surface of sieve skeleton cavity portion 14 of the state in sieve skeleton hole 9 is not installed in Fig. 9 (b) and Figure 23 (b) expression.In addition, Figure 10 (a) and Figure 24 (a) expression is equipped with the medial surface of sieve skeleton cavity portion 14 of the state in sieve skeleton hole 9, and Figure 10 (b) and Figure 24 (b) expression are equipped with the lateral surface of sieve skeleton cavity portion 14 of the state in sieve skeleton hole 9.In Figure 11 (a) and Figure 25 (a), the position of symbol 20 expression upper jaw hole natural holes.In addition, Figure 11 (a) and Figure 25 (a) are illustrated in the medial surface of the sieve skeleton cavity portion 14 of the state that is formed with the mucous membrane 15 that covers upper jaw hole natural hole 20 on the sieve skeleton hole 9, and Figure 11 (b) and Figure 25 (b) are illustrated in the lateral surface of the sieve skeleton cavity portion 14 of the state that forms the mucous membrane 15 that covers upper jaw hole natural hole 20 on the sieve skeleton hole 9.As mentioned above, this mucous membrane 15 is parts of using scalpel 10 grades to cut by the doctor.

In addition, Fig. 7 and Figure 21 represent to constitute the prototype of skeletal members 26 of the part of bone parts 12, Fig. 8 and Figure 22 are illustrated on Fig. 7 and the skeletal members 26 shown in Figure 21, form to be deployed near the skeletal members 26 as the state of the resin molding 17 of the mucous membrane color of mucous membrane, that formed by silica gel.And, except shown in above-mentioned, can make parts according to following purpose, that is,, compare scope that can enlarge the parts that can destroy or the incision method that changes bone portion 12 etc. with sieve skeleton hole 9 in order to enlarge the scope that can destroy.

Narrate the manufacture method of manikin below.

(1) data of preparation affected part and peripheral shape.

Utilize the faultage image of CT image etc., extract the shape of patient's bone portion, soft tissue, mucomembranous surface shape etc.The simplest method is, to set as boundary value about the value of each pixel value (CT value) of CT image, utilizing known Marching Cubes method etc. will be worth the face (contour surface) that equates makes up as the three-dimensional surface shape again, then, utilize CAD etc. to edit, as the area of space of sealing.But, adopt the method, for bone (thickness that about 0.1mm is following) as thin as a wafer such as eye socket thin plate (the thin bone between eyes and the nose), paranasal sinus wall, (uptake that is generally 0.4～0.5mm) X ray is less owing to the exploring degree with existing C T, take lightlyer (secretly), thus can not with the such thick bone photo of cheekbone with the CT value extract.

So, for the shape of setting the position that to extract with simple boundary value, skilled doctor, technician will make up the contour shape of the extraction subject area of being retouched on the CT image and above-mentioned contour surface as three-dimensional surface in the same manner once more, and behind the editor through CAD etc., as the area of space of sealing.In addition, will make up once more as three-dimensional surface with the boundary surface (mucomembranous surface comprises bone) of air, behind the area of space as sealing, further using the CAD thinning, near the shape of original bone.In addition, also to extract the surface configuration of the head that comprises face in advance.

(2) with the position componentization of operation technique object.

In the intranasal operation under the introscope, as the object of open surgery is the paranasal sinus with sieve skeleton hole, forehead hole, upper jaw hole, butterfly bone hole.Sieve skeleton hole, forehead hole, upper jaw hole, butterfly bone hole are covered by nasal membrane.Cut with CAD constituting the thin-walled of bone in sieve skeleton hole etc. of paranasal sinus and the bone of coupled part, as parts independently.For the position that as cheekbone, jawbone, in operation, can not apply the operation that is accompanied by destruction, make for convenience, assemble, when himself was cut apart, interpolation was used for installing the parts such as support that destroy parts (can destroy part).On above-mentioned destruction parts, add the parts on the bone be used to be installed in periphery (on make support).

(3) realization of the character of Mechanics of Machinery (reproduction of " feel ")

Bao Gubi as the parts such as sieve skeleton hole of the paranasal sinus of operation technique object, if carry out molded with the resin of RP with previous status, then too solid, if but reproduce with imitative type, then because inner structure is too complicated, simultaneously the intensity aspect is very crisp, so even to take out from mould all be very difficult.Therefore, on CAD, make wall with the sieve skeleton hole of paranasal sinus etc. as trickle netted shape data, and use the RP device with it molded after, on this reticulate texture, form other resin film, reproduce " feel " of crisp and thin bone wall.

Specifically, in the powder molding machine (gypsum material) of the light moulding press (epoxy resin resinous materials) of D-MEC (デ イ-メ Star Network), Z Corp. or EOSINT moulding press (polystyrene resin material) molded reticulate texture (diameter about 0.3～0.5mm) is gone up the acetate cotton plant fat (name of product: film ト ア デ イ Star Network) that forms (strain) TOHPE (ト ウ ペ).In view of the above, when when penetrating the bone wall and with pliers etc. wall being excised, form that the folding of bone wall is got and feel can demonstrate very the state near live body.Painted can very freely the carrying out based on pigment, dyestuff of acetate cotton plant fat (in fact, having shades of colour selling on the market) is so as long as coat color as mucous membrane, just can use fully as sieve skeleton hole parts with this state.And, if on white-flaxen acetate cotton plant adipose membrane, be coated with the silica gel resin film that is added with as the softness of mucomembranous color thinly, then can reproduce the form of the thin bone that is surrounded by mucous membrane more truly.

What cheekbone etc. did not use as the bone of the part of surgical object is the white material very approaching with the bone of reality, utilizes the RP device, for example uses the material of nylon-type to carry out molded in powder sintered moulding press.If shape is single, also can adopt imitative type, cast to carry out molded.On this skeletal members, be coated with the silica gel of the softness that is added with the color as mucous membrane etc., copy out mucous layer.At this moment, if the flexible material that " mucous membrane " will come off after adopting the process utensil to rub several times then by observing coming off of " mucous membrane " in operation advanced study and training back, can judge whether surgical instrument has unnecessary nuzzling up on every side at affected part.When the friction factor of the material of imitated mucous membranes such as silica gel is very high, need form " mucus " at the lubricant of surface coated silicone oil etc., make surgical instrument movable good.

In addition, the wall as the sieve skeleton hole of the paranasal sinus of the object that destroys operation etc. also can adopt following method to make.Use thermosetting resin to make the net of stretch-out view form of wall in the sieve skeleton hole etc. of paranasal sinus, take advantage of its softness and do circularly, and heating, make its curing.It is identical when then, the method for formation resin molding is with use RP.Perhaps the wall with the sieve skeleton hole of paranasal sinus etc. is further divided into several parts, makes metal pattern, is undertaken integrated by heating or bonding agent the parts that utilize resin to make respectively.The next door of the inboard of paranasal sinus parts is as long as be pasted with film, even therefore not exclusively connect together also passable with the outside.Can make it be in the state that hangs down and net from top cover (top).When adopting above-mentioned metal pattern, also can consider to inject agar gel, make it freeze-dried, perhaps add and manufacture method such as heat behind gluten, the yeast, but in a word, if undercapacity, can coating adhesive, resin, gain in strength.

(4) modelling of the pathology portion of polyp etc.

Leading on the nasal passage with the paranasal sinus headed by the sieve skeleton hole, having polyp, these polyps to be grown in through regular meeting's obstruction and comprise on the mucosal wall on every side of paranasal sinus.By the thrust of making by flexible materials such as silica gel is installed, can imitate polyp (with reference to Figure 14 and Figure 28) on the paranasal sinus parts surface.Before carrying out the paranasal sinus open surgery, can excise the training of this " polyp ".In ill paranasal sinus inside, stopping up has plump mucous membrane, polyp, purulence etc.In the paranasal sinus parts,, then can carry out the training of the ill mucous membrane of this taking-up paranasal sinus inside if add the spongiform material that shreds with pliers (with seitan food with the moistening material of cementing agent, urethanes sponge, paper pulp mould etc.) and carry out bondingly.In addition, in the parts of making such as above-mentioned agar, also can copy the ill paranasal sinus that such inside is stopped up.

If healthy person, the state that is stopped up by mucous membrane, polyp for the upper jaw hole natural hole that reproduces opening, on the semilune breach part (in Figure 11 (a) and Figure 25 (a), representing) of upper jaw hole natural hole, paste the resin molding of copying " mucous membrane " that to change in advance with symbol 40.For example, can will in softening material, sneak into tiny paper fiber, and the material that is drawn into the thickness about 0.5mm is clamped with pliers, when downcutting, carry out opening, just in time can copy out thin mucous membrane, described softening material is to be added with acetone, ethanol that the vinyl acetate resin of color softens and forms as mucous membrane.In addition, for imitated thicker, the solid mucous membrane that can not clamp with pliers, use is gone up the material of coating silica gel at the long paper (Japan paper or nonwoven fabrics) of fiber, can obtain suitable performance (because from pliers " disengaging ", need with incisions such as scalpel).

(5) Zheng Ti structure

With of the face reproductions such as (and healths) of soft material such as silica gel with the patient, and the above-mentioned model of packing into.Owing to have patient " health ", so the training that undergos surgery with can having more telepresenc.

As mentioned above, manikin of the present invention has for using introscope to enlarge observes durable structure (surface, inside have) and surperficial texture, reproduced the inner structure of bone, soft tissue, the feel in the time of can obtaining destroying in operation is near the performance of live body.Like this, by will be for example CT can not take pictures and utilize the RP can molded thicker Bao Gubi, as on the mesh of RP, paste resin molding above-mentionedly, can reproduce.

In addition, manikin of the present invention has by the part of model is irreversibly destroyed, can the pseudo-experience treatment, the function of operation behavior, and the part by the above-mentioned model that will destroy is as part replacement, repeatedly utilization again.

The low invasion and attack operation of carrying out under introscope is a kind of Gospel for the patient, but then, compares with operation in the past, and the visual field, operating space all are subject to significant restrictions, and therefore for the doctor who holds cutter, require higher surgical skills.Particularly, very complicated and be aspect the intranasal operation under the introscope of object with the paranasal sinus of the vitals adjacency that is separated with thin bone wall ground and optic nerve, brain, artery etc. in structure, the abundant advanced study and training of surgical skills are absolutely necessary.At aspects such as abdominal cavities, can utilize animal, model to research, the operation under the introscope is also popularized gradually.But, aspect paranasal sinus, there is not appropriate animal model, and a complex structure, can not analogue formation, so this training can only rely on rare donation remains, the intranasal operation introscope is under compared universal as yet with other positions, this is a present situation.Therefore, above-mentioned manikin (model) can critically reproduce the skeletal structure in the nose from head part's CT image, and in operation technique, by developing material, structure, can carry out near intranasal operation skill training under the introscope of contributing the remains level near " feel " in kind.Add the annual donation remains that increase rare degree, and, can positively learn basic surgical skills, can expect the raising of universal and its security of intranasal operation under the introscope by using this model.

Above-mentioned manikin (model) is not " seeing ", still real patient's model of a kind of being used for " actually cut, introscope such as perforate under intranasal operation operation ".Can observe from utilizing introscope, use actual surgical instruments such as pliers, impression simultaneously, can be carried out the training of the basic surgical skills of sieve skeleton hole, upper jaw hole natural hole open surgery etc. near " feel " in kind under introscope.Become the part of the object that excises, opens by operation technique, by adopting the design that to change, can control the advanced study and training cost as consumable part.

The structure of paranasal sinus is very complicated, utilizes imitative type analogue formation in the past to be practically impossible.Usually,, use with light appearance to be the rapid prototyping (RP) of representative device if on computers three-dimensional structure is constructed once more as shape data, even Fu Za structure very, also can stereoscopic rendering.But the bone wall extremely thin (being about 0.1mm) of formation paranasal sinus in the CT faultage image (the exploring degree is about 0.4mm) that the exploring degree increases substantially in recent years, still is difficult to constitute once more its three-dimensional structure.On the basis of shape, the model of " feel " during with the reproduction operation technique carries out appearance, from exploring degree, the strength of materials aspect of RP device, all is very difficult.The research and development of the surgical simulation device of employing virtual reality sense (Virtual Reality:VR) technology are also very in vogue, and the transformation rule system when still applying operation technique on internal organs, the technology that presents of " feel " (sense of touch, power feel present technology) still are in the research process.Particularly, calculating, feed back the such cutting phenomenon of sieve skeleton holes opened in real time is impossible under present situation.

By using above-mentioned manikin (model) to train, certain operation technique of complicated nasal cavity inner structure is based in exercise, helps improving the doctor's of lack of experience technical ability, and then popularizes low invasion and attack operation and improve security.

Manikin in the past is used for " observation ", does not adopt anticipation to be accompanied by the structure of the destruction of operation technique in surface, inside.Price is also very expensive, in fact can not be used to implement to perform the operation, the purpose of incision, perforate.Above-mentioned manikin (model) is trained for the starting point with operation technique, any form no matter, the feel in the time of all can reproducing operation technique.Even the surgical simulation device of the VR technology in vogue with using exploitation is in recent years compared, above-mentioned manikin (model) all is being outstanding aspect the texture of " feel ", telepresenc, the cost.

As the feature of above-mentioned manikin (model), utilize bone that human body CT image constructs once more and mucous membrane structure to have durable accuracy aspect the introscope observation utilizing.The sieve skeleton hole can be reproduced to its inner structure.Therefore, can use actual surgical instrument class (pliers etc.) with previous status, when impression approaches feel in kind, the advanced study and training of the operation that can undergo surgery.In addition, the part as excision, open object in operation technique adopts consumable part, has therefore realized the cost degradation of advanced study and training.In addition, the shape appearance of carrying out by the constructing once more of the shape of being undertaken by three-dimensional CAD, by the RP technology, based on the material of sense test, the selected and improvement of structure is in the shape of precision, approach all to have obtained success aspect the feel reproduction of live body more.From now on, can be used as metering, the display system of operation technique information (strength that applies to the patient, introscope position etc.), and produce always grind in the digital human research laboratory in conjunction with the more senior introscope of the example exploitation of the reaction in the research and development process (pain, blood pressure, heartbeat perspiration etc.) under the intranasal operation training system, will further develop.In addition, also can be applied to nose position in addition.

According to the present invention, can realize following effect.

(1) compares with contributing remains, can guarantee sufficient quantity.In addition, compare and to provide more cheaply with the donation remains.Compare with contributing remains, waste treatment simple (it is discarded to can be used as general rubbish) is so can be at any time, any place all researches.And, needn't worry infected.

(2) compare with animal, can guarantee sufficient quantity.(from the viewpoint that watches for animals, the machinery that utilizes animal to research has the tendency of minimizing).Waste treatment simple (it is discarded to can be used as general rubbish) is so can be at any time, any place researches.Needn't worry infected (prion (プ リ オ Application), virus etc.).Even do not have the position (nasal cavity etc.) of appropriate animal model, can utilize yet.

(3) model is in the past mainly made to be viewed as the starting point, and this model is operating as the starting point with destruction, can use the training of the actual operation that undergos surgery of surgical instrument.

(4) in the VR system, special-purpose introscope model, the training of pliers model that using system is attached, and in native system, owing to need not select surgical instrument, so can use the surgical instrument of actual use to train.In addition, also can be for the exploitation of new surgical instrument.

(5) in the VR system, utilize sensor to obtain the position of simulation introscope, simulation pliers, and the shape of calculating inside and the interaction between the sham operated utensil, because show reacting force by CG construction drawing picture, drive motor, so, in any case, aspect the reaction (demonstration of image, reacting force) of system, the problem that postpones of generation time sometimes, but utilize this solid model, all operations is real-time.

Claims (6)

1. a manikin is characterized in that, has thin bone parts and the soft tissue of thickness below 0.1mm, utilizes and reproduces above-mentioned thin bone parts and above-mentioned soft tissue near the physical characteristics of live body.

2. manikin as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, at least a portion of this manikin is for can destroy part, and this can destroy part and can irreversibly destroy when operation technique.

3. manikin as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that, the above-mentioned part of destroying can be changed.

4. the manufacture method of a manikin is characterized in that, has the operation of formation, appearance operation, reproduces the part of human body, and wherein above-mentioned formation operation utilizes CAD to form the shape data of the thin bone parts of thickness below 0.1mm; Above-mentioned appearance operation utilizes rapid prototyping that above-mentioned thin bone parts is carried out appearance according to the above-mentioned shape data that forms in above-mentioned formation operation.

5. the manufacture method of manikin as claimed in claim 4 is characterized in that, also has the operation that forms resin molding on the above-mentioned thin bone parts of appearance in above-mentioned appearance operation.

6. as the manufacture method of claim 4 or 5 described manikins, it is characterized in that the part of above-mentioned human body is a paranasal sinus.

Images