Nuclear facility and the method for moving this nuclear facility
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of nuclear facility, especially the operation method of boiling water reactor device and this device.
Background technology
In existing boiling water reactor device, water-filled pool is set with liquid reservoir as liquid coolant, this liquid coolant is used for cooled reactor when needed.Thus, water-filled pool is to be provided with so in general: make as pump, to flow into desirable position by only using active parts by gravity and not of cold-producing medium.Further be provided with condensation chamber in this boiling water reactor device, this condensation chamber is the important component part of the refrigeration system of existing boiling water reactor device.This refrigeration system is in order to control cold-producing medium loss interference (fault) situation and to be provided with, and in this refrigeration system, a large amount of steam in the safety cage can be released in the so-called pressure chamber.The steam of being emitted is directed to condensation chamber and is used for condensation.Be provided with system for this reason, wherein do not contain external energy supply and active parts as the passive effect in the SWR-1000 conception plans of Frahm Etta nurse ANP (Framatome ANP).More precisely, be provided with a plurality of condenser pipes, opened the fluid path in the condensation chamber during its certain high pressure in the overpressure chamber, thereby made steam be incorporated in the condensation chamber.In order to realize the function of refrigeration system, it is necessary forming high pressure in the pressure chamber.In other words, promptly condensation chamber be with respect between the pressure chamber must being impermeability sealing, thereby guarantees to introduce steam reliably by condenser pipe.
When normal operation, in the cold-producing medium of heat delivery in the water-filled pool, so that must be in certain interval with refrigerant cools.The cool cycles of oneself is set for this reason usually.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to guarantee the reliability service of nuclear facility.
According to the present invention, this purpose is to realize like this, promptly by a kind of nuclear facility, especially the boiling water reactor device is realized, this boiling water reactor device has: be set for water-filled pool, the condensation chamber of liquid coolant and the overflow mechanism that is used for unnecessary liquid coolant from the water-filled pool to the condensation chamber that is set up.
This design in order to cool off the liquid coolant in the water-filled pool, is introduced cold liquid coolant based on such consideration, need not the chilled water circulation that is used for chilled water independent in the water-filled pool this moment.The liquid coolant of unnecessary heat is transported in the condensation chamber by overflow mechanism.By this measure, need not to be provided for the independent cool cycles of the liquid coolant in the water-filled pool.For with water quench, can use the cool cycles that is used for condensation chamber.The complexity of device, necessary installing space and required cost are all very low.In addition, need not to regulate the liquid level of water-filled pool.
Have this danger in the process that liquid coolant is imported to condensation chamber from water-filled pool, promptly the gas of water-filled pool part together is brought in the condensation chamber.Generally, water-filled pool links to each other with the pressure chamber, and promptly water-filled pool is identical with the pressure condition of pressure chamber.The gas part that is brought in the condensation chamber can cause the pressure in the condensation chamber to raise in this case.This considers that the function of refrigeration system is imperfect.Thus, in advantageous modification of the present invention, provide overflow mechanism, it forms and is used for gas from liquid is separated.Therefore, can avoid undesirable pressure rising in the condensation chamber reliably.
Advantageously, water-filled pool comprises liquid storage tank and separates well that the two is separated by first dividing wall of realizing overflow.In addition, also be provided with run-down pipe, its first feeding mouth is arranged on a lower area that separates well.
The liquid coolant of water-filled pool is stored in the liquid storage tank.When the conveying liquid coolant, liquid level rises, and surpasses first dividing wall and overflows to up to liquid coolant and separate in the well, and accumulate in the there.Because liquid coolant is near or direct first feeding mouthful derivation in the bottom bottom preferably being arranged on, thereby has reduced the danger that gas is partly taken out of together.This is because the gas part that may exist before entering run-down pipe, can rise and separate from liquid coolant.
In favourable design, the overflow mechanism that is used for maximum overflow mass rate is to form like this: when maximum overflow mass rate occurring, run-down pipe has predetermined resistance to flow, so that in separating well, form the backwater (choking water) of liquid coolant, and up to the backwater height relevant with resistance to flow.
This design is based on such consideration, the resistance to flow of run-down pipe is for example by selecting fluid cross-section to regulate like this, make and in separating well, form predetermined backwater, thereby liquid coolant was stopped the sufficiently long time in separating well before it flow into condensation chamber by run-down pipe, make the gas part that in liquid coolant, exists from liquid coolant, to separate thus.
Preferably, the flow cross section area that separates well is to form like this, makes the ascending velocity of the downward speed of backwater liquid less than the bubble of pre-sizing.Be interpreted as average downward speed for downward speed at this.Under the static situation and under the situation of constant mass rate, the introducing amount and the amount of drawing of the liquid coolant in the separation chamber are identical.The downward speed of backwater liquid, i.e. average velocity (liquid moves to first direction that feeds mouthful with this speed), this moment, the cross-sectional area of the fluid by separating well was determined basically.On the other hand, the size (diameter) that depends on bubble by the determined bobble rise velocity of buoyancy fatefully.By on purpose being configured such that the ascending velocity of downward speed less than bubble, the speed that bubble rises is faster than liquid decline rate, feeds mouth thereby make bubble can't arrive first of run-down pipe.
In favourable improvement project, overflow mechanism is to form like this, make even when do not have (lacking) mass rate, promptly when under the situation of zero flow, the liquid in the separation well be positioned at until minimum backwater (choking water) highly.This design promptly, the unsettled stage occurred based on such consideration when beginning or finishing to import liquid coolant in water-filled pool, in this stage, the liquid quality flow rises to biggest quality flow or is reduced to zero flow again from zero flow.In the middle of this unsettled stage, before reaching completely mass rate, separate liquid coolant in the well and at first be accumulated to maximum backwater (choking water) and highly or again reduce.In this unsettled stage, liquid coolant pours in big drop height separates in the well, but has the danger that a large amount of gases are brought into this moment, is lacking under the situation of backwater, and gas may directly enter run-down pipe, and and then pour in the condensation chamber.Can reduce this danger by the minimum backwater height of guaranteeing to separate in the well.
Advantageously, in order to set minimum backwater height, form the run-down pipe of U trap type, it has last siphon bend, can determine minimum backwater height by siphon bend on this.
According to preferred improvement project, to separate well and comprise separation chamber and drip chamber at its bottom section, the two is by being used to realize that second dividing wall of overflow comes separately.First of run-down pipe feeds and is arranged in the drip chamber a mouthful this moment.At first, fall into the liquid coolant of separating well and accumulate, thereby make it static and may first bubble can be discharged in the separation chamber in the separation chamber.Then, liquid coolant flow into the drip chamber from the separation chamber, has only eddy current seldom simultaneously, and does not wherein almost have gas, thereby makes or even also can avoid gas to invade in the condensation chamber in the unsettled stage.
Preferably, for the liquid coolant of water-filled pool and the liquid coolant of condensation chamber are provided with common cool cycles (system), this common cool cycles (system) comprises overflow mechanism.At this moment, this common cool cycles especially constitutes by pump line, pump and heat exchanger.This pump line leads to water-filled pool from condensation chamber, thereby makes liquid coolant flow into the water-filled pool from condensation chamber according to circulation theory, and flow back into the condensation chamber again from water-filled pool.Heat exchanger by the common cool cycles that is provided with sheds unnecessary heat.The common cool cycles of liquid coolant by not only being used for water-filled pool but also the liquid coolant that is used for condensation chamber need not to be provided with two independently cool cycles.Thus, essential installing space and cost thereof remain to very low.
According to the present invention, this purpose also realizes by a kind of method of moving nuclear facility with following characteristics, especially the method for moving the boiling water reactor device realizes: wherein, under predetermined running status, in water-filled pool, inject the liquid coolant that surpasses its volume, and unnecessary liquid coolant is imported in the condensation chamber by overflow mechanism.The advantage and the preferred embodiment that provide according to this device change this method that also is applicable to.Preferred improvement project is illustrated in the dependent claims.
Description of drawings
Below with reference to the accompanying drawings embodiments of the invention are further specified.This accompanying drawing shows the rough simplification partial view of the safety cage of boiling water reactor device.
Embodiment
There is shown the part of safety cage, i.e. condensation chamber 2 and the water-filled pool 4 that is arranged on above the condensation chamber 2.Preferably, water-filled pool 4 and condensation chamber 2 are arranged in the inner room of safety cage together.Water-filled pool 4 is connected by the inner room of open interface channel 6 with the safety cage that is called as pressure chamber 8, thereby makes and carry out gas exchange between pressure chamber 8 and the water-filled pool 4, and and then realizes equalization of pressure.Condensation chamber 2 and water-filled pool 4 are to separate by the wall body structure of being made by concrete 10, and wherein, when the normal operation of device, condensation chamber 2 is impermeability sealings with respect to water-filled pool 4 and with respect to pressure chamber 8.Water-filled pool 4 and condensation chamber 2 are parts of refrigeration system, and it also comprises the condenser pipe (not shown).This refrigeration system also is designed for control cold-producing medium loss fault, at this moment, may a large amount of steam occur in the pressure chamber, and it imports among the liquid coolant F of condensation chamber 2 by condenser pipe.
Water-filled pool 4 is divided into liquid storage tank 14 and separates well 16 by first dividing wall 12.The liquid coolant F that in liquid storage tank 14, stores promising standby cooling and provide.Overflow limit 18 is positioned at the upper end of first dividing wall 12.For the overflow of most possible non-vortex liquid coolant F, overflow limit 18 is designed to tilt.Be provided with second dividing wall 20 in the bottom of separating well 16, this dividing wall is divided into bottom section separation chamber 22 and the drip chamber 24 that is close to first dividing wall 12.Be provided with the first feeding mouth 26 of run-down pipe 28 at the bottom section of drip chamber 24.Second of run-down pipe 28 feeds mouthfuls 30 and is arranged on the upper area of condensation chamber 2, and especially is close to the top or just on its top 32.Be formed with the run-down pipe 28 of U trap type, it has following siphon bend 34 and last siphon bend 36.Run-down pipe 28 does not preferably have the simply pipeline of miscellaneous part, and especially almost completely extends in wall body structure 10.By the fluid path of run-down pipe 28 formation, even in defective pipeline, also can keep efficient operation.Have separation chamber 22 and drip chamber 24 overflow limit 18 separate well 16 and run-down pipe 28 has formed the overflow mechanism that is used for unnecessary liquid coolant F.
This overflow mechanism is a part that is used in the common cool cycles of the liquid coolant F of water-filled pool 4 and condensation chamber 2.Except overflow mechanism, this common cool cycles also has pump line 38, pump 40 and heat exchanger 42, wherein, can through over-heat-exchanger 42 liquid coolant F be pumped in the water-filled pool 4 from condensation chamber 2 by pump line 38.By common cool cycles is provided, make to need not to be provided with a plurality of independent cool cycles (system).Reduce the installation cost expense thus and reduced required installing space.
Under the normal operating condition of device,, must cool off the liquid coolant F in the water-filled pool 4 every now and then owing to introduced heat., by common cool cycles, liquid coolant F is come out by heat exchanger 42 pumpings from condensation chamber 2, cooling also then imports in the liquid storage tank 14 for this reason.If the liquid level in the liquid storage tank 14 has surpassed the maximum level height that is limited by overflow limit 18, then unnecessary liquid coolant F flow into by overflow limit 18 and separates in the well 16, and flow back into again in the condensation chamber 2 by run-down pipe 28 therefrom.
Avoided bringing into the gas part when liquid coolant F is back in the condensation chamber 2, this is because otherwise may produce undesirable pressure in condensation chamber 2 rises, and it interrelates with corresponding pressure decline in the pressure chamber 8.Therefore, being formed with the gas that overflow mechanism is used for being present in unnecessary liquid coolant F partly separates.At this moment, the gas separation is especially guaranteed by the special tectonic that separates well 16.By two dividing walls 12,20, provide this moment two stage gas to separate, wherein, the subordinate phase that forms by second dividing wall 20 is effective when little mass rate especially.The principle of work and power that this gas separates is as described below:
When liquid coolant F circulated beginning, in the unstable stage, the mass rate of unnecessary liquid coolant F rose, and this liquid coolant enters continuously separates in the well 16, up to the mass rate that reaches maximum, and forms static (stable state) stage.In this quiescent phase, the mass rate of separating well 16 importings and the liquid coolant F that derives is identical.The resistance to flow of run-down pipe 28 is set to certain value, to be used for biggest quality flow, separates in the well, up to the backwater height H of maximum thereby make liquid coolant F be back to.Maximum backwater height H for example is several meters high, and approximately be first dividing wall 12 or overflow limit 18 height 2/3.
Cut off after the pump 40, mass rate descends once more, enters into up to unnecessary never again liquid coolant F and separates well 16 (zero flow).The height of the liquid coolant F that refluxes continues to descend, and reaches minimum backwater height L up to separating in the well 16.This minimum backwater height L is that the height by last siphon bend 36 limits.Thus, 22 part omitted inchings are to higher liquid level, because second dividing wall 20 has the height of the liquid level H that is higher than minimum (backwater) in the separation chamber.Minimum backwater height L for example is 0.5 meter.
At quiescent phase, set the average speed downwards of backflow liquid coolant F with biggest quality flow.This downward speed is a velocity amplitude, and the liquid in the separation well 16 is with the direction of this velocity flow to run-down pipe 28.Under static state, this downward speed is determined by deciding property of the flow cross section area A ground that separates well 16.Be brought into the gas that separates in the well 16 and partly formed bubble among the liquid coolant F when overflow, this bubble is to rise with the ascending velocity of determining by buoyancy in withdrawing fluid.The direction of speed and ascending velocity is opposite downwards.Ascending velocity depends on the size of bubble.Separate the flow cross section area A of well and for example be arranged to several square metres or rather, make the ascending velocity of bubble (for example the diameter of bubble is 1 millimeter) of pre-sizing greater than downward speed.The speed of having guaranteed the bubble rising thus is faster than the speed that liquid coolant F flows into run-down pipe 28.
Under little mass rate situation, in the unstable stage, have such problem: because the big drop that overflow limit 18 is arrived between the little height of backflow liquid coolant F, gas introducing and eddy current among the liquid coolant F in separating well 16 are all big at quiescent phase than it.Therefore provide the gas of subordinate phase to separate, constituted by separation chamber 22 and drip chamber 24 basically.In separation chamber 22, at first the liquid coolant F that flows down by overflow limit 18 is in this collection with accumulate, up to liquid by the 20 essentially no eddy current ground overflows of second dividing wall.Also carrying out most gas in separation chamber 22 separates.By 20 overflows of second dividing wall time, only the gas of fraction is brought into.Importantly, the minimum backwater height L in the height of second dividing wall 20 and the drip chamber 24 has only several centimetres little difference, can not produce stronger eddy current thereby make in drip chamber 24, and can not introduce gas.Subsequently, gasless substantially liquid coolant F overflows from drip chamber 24 by run-down pipe 28, and flow in the condensation chamber 2.
By several meters high (very high) or be lower than and combine connecting in turn that (low-down) first and second dividing walls 12,20 of 1 meter form with the specific dimensions that separates well 16 and run-down pipe 28, it produces effective gas separation, and need not susceptible active parts, for example rotation or by external energy drives parts.Thus, gas separates can not have the seedbed fully and goes forward side by side and carry out uninterruptedly.
Symbol description
4 water filling ponds, condensation chambers 2
6 open interface channel 8 pressure chambers
10 wall body structures, 12 first dividing walls
14 liquid storage tanks 16 separate well
18 overflow limits, 20 second dividing walls
22 separation chambers, 24 drip chambers
26 first feed mouthful 28 run-down pipes
30 second feed mouthful 32 tops
Siphon bend on 34 times siphon bends 36
38 pump lines, 40 pumps
42 heat exchanger F liquid coolants
H backwater (choking water) the height minimum backwater of L (choking water) highly
A flow cross section area