CN100490953C - Ceramic-diaphragm seawater pretreating method - Google Patents
Ceramic-diaphragm seawater pretreating method Download PDFInfo
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- CN100490953C CN100490953C CNB2006101294224A CN200610129422A CN100490953C CN 100490953 C CN100490953 C CN 100490953C CN B2006101294224 A CNB2006101294224 A CN B2006101294224A CN 200610129422 A CN200610129422 A CN 200610129422A CN 100490953 C CN100490953 C CN 100490953C
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
- Y02A20/124—Water desalination
- Y02A20/131—Reverse-osmosis
Abstract
This invention relates to desalination of sea water and ceramics membrane seawater pretreatment means in seawater purification. This invention is composed by multimedia filter, ceramic microstraining membrane cell and ceramic hyperfiltration membrane cell, adopt seawater that cloudiness is less than 15NTU, pressurize to 0.1 to 0.5 mpa, then in turn enter the sea-water to tandem multimedia filter, ceramic microstraining membrane cell and ceramic hyperfiltration membrane cell to proceed pretreatment. The seawater after pretreatment can be used for reverse osmosis seawater desalting technology. The invention adopts inorganic ceramics membrane and multimedia filter, ceramic microstraining membrane cell and ceramic hyperfiltration membrane cell adopt one group pump as power supply, ceramic membrane circumfluence adopts ejector mixed with inlet influnt, so greatly save power consumption. After treatment, the seawater SDI is no greater than 3, cloudiness is not greater than 0.3NTU, PH is 7.5 to 8.4, free chlorine is not greater than 0.1 milligrams per liter, farther better than reverse osmosis membrane influent standard BG / T19249 - 2003 (SDI<5).
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to desalinization and seawater cleaning technology, ceramic-diaphragm sewater pretreating method in especially a kind of desalinization and the seawater cleaning.
Background technology
96.5% of water globe resource is the ocean salt water, only has 3.5% to be fresh water; And fresh water 2.5% is level land, polar region, has only 1% can use for human.Inorganic salts in the seawater except about 3% and the organic matter etc., wherein 97% is fresh water.About 13.7 hundred million cubic kilometers of the cumulative volume of seawater can be described as inexhaustible water resource.The development and use seawater resources, development seawater utilization industry is the only way that solves the coastal area water resources crisis.
Desalinization is to obtain the technology of fresh water and process from seawater.Realize by physics, chemistry or physico-chemical process etc.Main path has two, and the one, the method for from seawater, taking out water, the 2nd, the method for from seawater, taking out salt.The former has the way of distillation, hyperfiltration, freezing method, hydrate and solvent extraction etc., and the latter has ion-exchange, electroosmose process, electric capacity absorption method and pressure to ooze method etc.But up to the present, practical application only has the way of distillation, hyperfiltration and an electroosmose process.
Reliably pretreatment system is key technology, especially the reverse osmosis seawater desalting technology that guarantees the normal operation of seawater desalination system since in the seawater except containing a large amount of salt, organic and inorganic, the microbe granular that differ in size in addition.If directly adopt reverse osmosis membrane to carry out desalting processing in the seawater of fetching, the surface that the suspension in these seawater, colloidal substance and soluble organic macromolecule accumulate in film can make film be polluted; Microorganism and bacterium can make film suffer erosion; The residual body of microorganism and bacterium also can be separated out surface attached to film with solid form, make the film properties decay, strengthen it and handled burden, cause the permeability rate of film to descend, the effluent quality variation, had a strong impact on the service life of reverse osmosis membrane, thereby preconditioning technique promptly becomes the key technology of RO film operation.
At present, both at home and abroad the desalinization pretreating process is very various, and at different water quality, the pretreating process part of also having nothing in common with each other is mainly flocculation, precipitation, filtration (shallow-layer filtration, in-depth filtration) technology.The combination of various different flocculations, precipitation, sand filtration technology has constituted different preliminary pretreating process.Seawater is treated to degree of depth preliminary treatment after adopting micro-filtration, milipore filter to flocculation, precipitation, sand filtration.At present both at home and abroad desalinization degree of depth preconditioning technique mostly adopts high molecule microfilter, ultrafiltration membrane technique, because characteristics such as the polymeric membrane silk easily pollutes, easily fracture of wire, The decline of membrane flux be fast in the process that the desalinization preconditioning technique is used, are restricted.What Chinese invention patent " reverse osmose desalination microfiltration membrane pretreatment method " (patent No. zL 01129466.3) adopted is titanium or stainless steel metal micro-filtration membrane." ceramic film pretreatment method in the desalinization " (Granted publication CN 1228252C) is that the application of ceramic micro filter film in the desalinization preprocessing process of 0.1～10 μ m explained to the aperture." ceramic film pretreatment method in the desalinization " (publication number CN 1736905A) is that the application of ceramic super-filtering film in the desalinization preprocessing process of 10～100nm explained to the aperture.In fact, because the seawer system complicated component, the ion chloride ion content in the seawater is higher, and meeting corroding metal film influences the normal use of film; Micro-filtration membrane can produce the serious phenomenon of blocking of fenestra when handling seawater, reduced the permeation flux of micro-filtration membrane, and frequent clean makes preprocessing process steady in a long-term to move; And still contain some material that pollutes reverse osmosis membrane such as SDI in the water outlet of micro-filtration membrane greater than 3, growth along with running time, the enrichment of this class material will will produce very serious fenestra to reverse osmosis process and pollute, reduced the permeation flux of reverse osmosis membrane, reduce the service life of film, increased the integrated cost of reverse osmosis seawater desalting.Granted publication CN 1228252C patent, only adopt ceramic super-filtering film that preliminary pretreated seawater is carried out degree of depth preliminary treatment, operating pressure height, membrane flux are low, film pollute fast, operating cost is high, becomes the restriction ceramic membrane is able to large-scale application in sea water preprocessing technology main cause.
In recent years, inorganic ceramic micro-filtration membrane, milipore filter receive much concern with characteristics such as its antipollution, membrane flux height, film long service life.Utilize pottery excellent material behavior and separating property to carry out sea water preprocessing, not only can improve effluent quality, reduce operating cost, and at utmost ensure the operation of reverse osmosis seawater desalination system steady and continuous.Problems such as overcome the organic micro-filtration membrane fenestra of macromolecule and stop up seriously, permeation flux is low, and frequent Chemical cleaning, film silk are easily broken.Being used in combination of inorganic ceramic micro-filtration membrane and milipore filter will make reverse osmosis seawater desalting become possibility.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is: low in order to solve existing desalinization pretreatment system efficient, weak effect, the problem that cost is high, especially in order to overcome independent employing micro-filtration membrane, the ultrafiltration membrane treatment seawater causes fenestra seriously to stop up, permeation flux is low, problem such as frequent Chemical cleaning and polymeric membrane film silk are easily broken, the film maintenance, change frequent problem, utilize the material behavior and the separating property of ceramic super-filtering film excellence, pass through multi-medium filtering, micro-filtration, sea water preprocessing is carried out in the combination of ultra filtration unit, further improve effluent quality, guarantee the membrane module long period, the high flux operation, reduce single variety film pollutional load, reduce operating cost, at utmost ensure the operation of reverse osmosis seawater desalination system steady and continuous.
Technical scheme of the present invention is:
Ceramic-diaphragm sewater pretreating method of the present invention, form by more medium filter, ceramic micro filter film unit and ceramic super-filtering film unit, adopt the seawater of turbidity less than 15NTU, after being forced into 0.1～0.5MPa, more medium filter, ceramic micro filter film unit and the ceramic super-filtering film unit of sending into series connection successively carry out preliminary treatment to seawater.Handling the back seawater can be used for the reverse osmosis seawater desalting technology.
Above-mentioned ceramic micro filter film unit is the micro-filtration unit that 0.2～1 μ m ceramic membrane of array parallel connection is formed, and the flow velocity of seawater in ceramic membrane unit is 0.1～4 meter per second, and capacity of returns is 15～60%; Ultra filtration unit is made up of the 10nm～100nm ceramic membrane of array parallel connection, capacity of returns control 15～40%, and the ultra filtration unit water outlet is used for seawater desalination system or impervious desalination system.
Above-mentioned more medium filter, ceramic membrane micro-filtration unit and ceramic membrane ultrafitration unit are back cleaning system independently separately.And more medium filter, ceramic micro filter film unit and ceramic super-filtering film units shared one cover intake pump.
Described ceramic membrane micro-filtration, ultra filtration unit reflux and adopt ejector to mix with water inlet.
More medium filter, ceramic membrane micro-filtration unit, ceramic membrane ultrafitration unit are back cleaning system independently separately, change according to each unit intake pressure, determine that backwash is initial, determine the backwash time according to the wash water turbidity.Clean by air water is counter, recover each Elementary Function.
Technology of the present invention is simple, the automaticity height, and processing ease, cost is low, and the profit height can adapt to various desalinizations and purification preliminary treatment that different quality changes, for large-scale production provides safe and reliable technical guarantee.
The used ceramic supermicro filtration membrane of the present invention is the commercially available prod.
Ceramic film pretreatment method has following superiority in the desalinization of the present invention:
More medium filter, ceramic micro filter film unit, ceramic super-filtering film units shared one cover intake pump, back cleaning system are greatly saved power consumption, reduce product water running cost.
Ceramic membrane micro-filtration, ultra filtration unit reflux and adopt ejector to mix with water inlet, need not promote through pump again, save power consumption.
Adopt the tandem process of more medium filter, ceramic micro filter film unit, ceramic super-filtering film unit, more medium filter can stop passing through of 10-30NTU impurity effectively, the micro-filtration unit stops passing through of 1-10NTU impurity effectively, and ultra filtration unit can be reverse osmosis units the high-quality water inlet is provided.This technology not only disperses to pollute, and can guarantee film high flux, long-term operation.
Pottery is super, the micro-filtration membrane unit is furnished with the automatic backwash device, and it is convenient to clean, and it is low to clean frequent degree, and after cleaning, film can be returned to original state; Its life-span is longer than polymeric membrane, and be 5～10 years service life; The membrane flux height is generally 300～650L/m2.h; Remarkable decay resistance is arranged; The environment that can adapt to pH value 0～14; Reduce the easily broken abominable quality problem that causes of polymeric membrane film silk; The occasion that is fit to medium and high throughput; All the higher molecular film is few aspect energy consumption and floor space.
Final stage adopts ceramic super-filtering film, and the fenestra that has reduced reverse osmosis membrane pollutes, and has improved the permeation flux of reverse osmosis membrane, has alleviated the load of reverse-osmosis treated, prolongs the service life of reverse osmosis membrane, has improved water-yielding capacity.
Wherein, the pore diameter range of above-mentioned ceramic super-filtering film is between 10nm～10 μ m.This ceramic super-filtering film is a supporter with 99% α-aluminium oxide, the high technology ceramics filtering material that forms through high temperature sintering with loose structure, porous support layer, transition zone and microporous film layers are distribution or asymmetrical distribution, what play separation function is metal oxides such as metal oxide aluminium oxide, titanium oxide, zirconia, but between supporter and isolating active layer the particle of interpolation different-grain diameter as intermediate layer.The ceramic super-filtering film pore-size distribution of this sandwich construction is narrow, porosity is high, separating layer is thin, filtration resistance is little, elementary membrane surface area treating capacity height.Compare with the organic film of general macromolecule, ceramic membrane has obvious superiority:, easy cleaning regeneration longer in service life than the organic film core of macromolecule, corrosion-resistant, high temperature resistant, intensity is high, does not have the disconnected problem of film silk; Compare with metal film, have the performance corrosion-resistant, that contamination resistance is strong.The present invention relates to adopt inorganic ceramic membrane that seawater is carried out preliminary treatment, mainly is with the seawater of turbidity less than 15NTU, after more medium filter, ceramic micro filter film unit, ceramic super-filtering film unit, product water is for feed water by reverse osmosis by pump pressurization.More medium filter, ceramic micro filter film unit, ceramic super-filtering film unit adopt one group of pump as power source, and ceramic membrane refluxes and adopts ejector to mix with water inlet, greatly saves power consumption.Handle back seawater SDI≤3, turbidity≤0.3NTU, pH value 7.5～8.4, free chlorine≤0.1 mg/litre is much better than reverse osmosis membrane water inlet standard BG/T19249-2003 (SDI＜5).Handling after-purification seawater cost greatly reduces.It is used that the purifying sea water that this technology makes can be any desalination technology.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1: embodiment 1 flow chart.
The specific embodiment
Embodiment 1 turbidity is that the seawater of 5～15NTU is promoted to more medium filter through centrifugal pump, more medium filter inlet pressure 0～0.4MPa, the more medium filter water outlet enters the ceramic micro filter membrane filter unit, ceramic micro filter film inlet pressure 0～0.3MPa, the ceramic super-filtering film filter element is advanced in water outlet, ceramic super-filtering film inlet pressure 0～0.25MPa, the ceramic super-filtering film water outlet is for the reverse osmosis membrane water inlet.Ceramic micro filter film refluxes and is the water inlet of ceramic micro filter film with the more medium filter water outlet after ejector mixes; Ceramic super-filtering film refluxes and is the water inlet of ceramic super-filtering film with the ceramic micro filter film water outlet after ejector mixes.Ceramic super-filtering film delivery turbidity＜0.3NTU, SDI＜3 are much better than reverse osmosis membrane water inlet standard BG/T19249-2003 (SDI＜5).In this pretreatment system, ceramic micro filter film support material is 99% Alpha-alumina, and the rete material is ZrO
2, micro-filtration membrane film nominal pore size is 0.2 μ m, and ceramic super-filtering film film nominal pore size is 50nm, and film pipe diameter is 31mm, and profile is 19 passage pipe shapes, 37 film cores of filling membrane element number of packages in each putamina, membrane component length 1000mm; Seawater is 2 meter per seconds at crossflow velocity.FB(flow block) as shown in Figure 1.
Embodiment 2 turbidity are the seawater of 25～100NTU, through sterilization, flocculation, post precipitation turbidity is 5～15NTU, be promoted to more medium filter through centrifugal pump, more medium filter inlet pressure 0～0.4MPa, the more medium filter water outlet enters the ceramic micro filter membrane filter unit, ceramic micro filter film inlet pressure 0～0.3MPa, the ceramic super-filtering film filter element is advanced in water outlet, ceramic super-filtering film inlet pressure 0～0.28MPa, ceramic super-filtering film delivery turbidity＜0.5NTU, SDI＜3 are much better than reverse osmosis membrane water inlet standard BG/T19249-2003 (SDI＜5).In this pretreatment system, ceramic micro filter film support material is 99% Alpha-alumina, and the rete material is Al
2O
3, micro-filtration membrane film nominal pore size is 0.5 μ m, and ceramic super-filtering film film nominal pore size is 100nm, and film pipe diameter is 31mm, and profile is 7 passage pipe shapes, 7 film cores of filling membrane element number of packages in each putamina, membrane component length 1000mm; Seawater is 3 meter per seconds at crossflow velocity.
Embodiment 3 turbidity are the seawater of 25～100NTU, through sterilization, flocculation, post precipitation turbidity is 5～15NTU, flow into more medium filter by potential difference, intermediate water tank is gone in the filter water outlet, and the intermediate water tank water outlet promotes through centrifugal pump and enters the ceramic micro filter membrane filter unit, ceramic micro filter film inlet pressure 0～0.3MPa, the ceramic super-filtering film filter element is advanced in water outlet, ceramic super-filtering film inlet pressure 0～0.28MPa, ceramic super-filtering film delivery turbidity＜0.5NTU, reverse osmosis membrane water inlet requirement is satisfied in SDI＜3.In this pretreatment system, ceramic micro filter film support material is 99% Alpha-alumina, and the rete material is Al
2O
3, micro-filtration membrane film nominal pore size is 0.2 μ m, and ceramic super-filtering film film nominal pore size is 30nm, and film pipe diameter is 30mm, and profile is 19 passage pipe shapes, 19 film cores of filling membrane element number of packages in each putamina, membrane component length 850mm; Seawater is 2.6 meter per seconds at crossflow velocity.
Embodiment 4 turbidity are the seawater of 25～100NTU, through sterilization, flocculation, post precipitation turbidity is 5～15NTU, be promoted to more medium filter through centrifugal pump, more medium filter inlet pressure 0～0.25MPa, the more medium filter water outlet enters the hollow fiber microfiltration membrane filter element, hollow fiber microfiltration membrane inlet pressure 0～0.05MPa, the hollow fiber ultrafiltration membrane filter element is advanced in water outlet, hollow fiber ultrafiltration membrane inlet pressure 0～0.15MPa, hollow fiber ultrafiltration membrane delivery turbidity＜0.5NTU, reverse osmosis membrane water inlet requirement is satisfied in SDI＜3.In this pretreatment system, hollow fiber microfiltration membrane, ceramic supermembrane material Kynoar, capillary diameter φ 0.4～4.0mm, micro-filtration membrane film nominal pore size is 0.2 μ m, and ceramic super-filtering film film nominal pore size is 50nm, and seawater is 0.08 meter per second at crossflow velocity.
The ceramic-diaphragm sewater pretreating method that the present invention discloses and proposes, those skilled in the art can be by using for reference this paper content, links such as appropriate change process route realize, although method of the present invention is described by preferred embodiment, person skilled obviously can change or reconfigure method as herein described in not break away from content of the present invention, spirit and scope, realizes final result.Special needs to be pointed out is, the replacement that all are similar and change apparent to those skilled in the artly, they are regarded as being included in spirit of the present invention, scope and the content.
Claims (5)
1. ceramic-diaphragm sewater pretreating method, form by more medium filter, ceramic micro filter film unit and ceramic super-filtering film unit, it is characterized in that: adopt the seawater of turbidity less than 15NTU, after being forced into 0.1～0.5MPa, more medium filter, ceramic micro filter film unit and the ceramic super-filtering film unit of sending into series connection successively carry out preliminary treatment to seawater, handle the back seawater and use for seawater desalination system or impervious desalination system.
2. ceramic-diaphragm sewater pretreating method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that described ceramic micro filter film unit is the micro-filtration unit of 0.2～1 μ m ceramic membrane composition of array parallel connection, the flow velocity of seawater in ceramic membrane unit is 0.1～4 meter per second, and capacity of returns is 15～60%; Ultra filtration unit is made up of the 10nm～100nm ceramic membrane of array parallel connection, capacity of returns control 15～40%, and the ultra filtration unit water outlet is used for seawater desalination system or impervious desalination system.
3. ceramic-diaphragm sewater pretreating method as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that described more medium filter, ceramic micro filter film unit and ceramic super-filtering film unit are air water back cleaning system independently separately.
4. ceramic-diaphragm sewater pretreating method as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that described more medium filter, ceramic micro filter film unit and ceramic super-filtering film units shared one cover intake pump.
5. ceramic-diaphragm sewater pretreating method as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that described ceramic membrane micro-filtration, ultra filtration unit backflow employing ejector mix with water inlet.
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| CNB2006101294224A CN100490953C (en) | 2006-11-15 | 2006-11-15 | Ceramic-diaphragm seawater pretreating method |
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Families Citing this family (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN101921007A (en) * | 2010-05-24 | 2010-12-22 | 中国神华能源股份有限公司 | Sea water desalination system and sea water desalination method |
| CN102336479A (en) * | 2010-07-16 | 2012-02-01 | 财团法人精密机械研究发展中心 | Ballast water introduction method and its system |
| CN103011436A (en) * | 2012-12-31 | 2013-04-03 | 北京生活秀环保科技有限公司 | Ceramic matrix composite reverse-osmosis seven-membrane RO/T (Reverse Osmosis/) zero-release multi-leveled water supply device assembly |
| CN103086529B (en) * | 2013-01-25 | 2014-04-16 | 宁波万杰水务技术有限公司 | Method for preparing fresh-water ice by utilizing seawater and brackish water |
| CN103241821B (en) * | 2013-05-02 | 2018-06-15 | 中国科学院福建物质结构研究所 | The removal of industrial wastewater and recovery method |
| CN105624759B (en) * | 2015-12-30 | 2018-02-16 | 苏州容电储能科技有限公司 | Ceramic membrane with capillary structure and super dehumidifier wetting property and preparation method thereof |
| CN105819903B (en) * | 2016-03-16 | 2019-06-25 | 武汉大学 | A kind of titanium nitride/aluminium oxide micro-filtrate and its preparation method and application |
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