CN100484607C

CN100484607C - Cleanable high efficiency filter media structure and applications for use

Info

Publication number: CN100484607C
Application number: CNB2004800170628A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 克里斯汀M·格雷厄姆; 蒂莫斯H·格拉夫; 马克A·戈金斯
Original assignee: Donaldson Co Inc
Current assignee: Donaldson Co Inc
Priority date: 2003-06-19
Filing date: 2004-06-17
Publication date: 2009-05-06
Anticipated expiration: 2024-06-17
Also published as: CN1809408A

Abstract

We claim an improved cartridge, typically in cylindrical or panel form that can be used in a dry or wet/dry vacuum cleaner. The cartridge is cleanable using a stream of service water, or by rapping on a solid object, or by using a compressed gas stream, but can provide exceptional filtering properties even for submicron particulate in the household or industrial environment. The cartridge has a combination of nanofiber filtration layer on a substrate. The nanofiber layer has a fiber diameter of about 0.05 to 0.5 micron, a nanofiber layer basis weight of about 3x10<-7 >to 6x10<-5 >gram-cm<-2>, an air permeability of about 1 to 1000 ft/min at 0.5 inch (water) DeltaP, and a pore size of about 0.01 to 100 microns. The substrate layer is preferably pleated, comprising a basis weight of about 0.2 oz-yd<-2 >to 350 lb-3000 ft<-2>, a thickness of about 0.001 to 0.2 inches, the overall filter having a permeability of about 1 to 200 ft-min<-1 >of 0.5 inch (water) DeltaP, an efficiency in removing a 0.76 micron particle at 10 ft-min<-1 >of about 10 to 99.99995%.

Description

Cleanable high efficiency filter media structure and applications for use

Technical field

The present invention relates to clean, the high efficiency particulate air filter structure, it generally can be used for filtration application, comprise vacuum cleaner, dust arrester, gas turbine inlet air filtration system, or multiple other use, so that remove dust, dirt and other particles in the air stream of gas or pollution.Described filter is fabulous dedusting and scrubbing structure, and is mechanically also sturdy and durable, and can clean easily with multiple simple technique.Generally, described filter can be used for dust arrester, the gas turbine inlet air filtration system, and multiple other filtration application can be worked under the situation of efficient or other favourable filtration parameters at the not obvious air stream that weakens.A kind of concrete application comprises filter core or the plate that is used for vacuum cleaner, comprises the machine that can work under moist and drying condition.

Background technology

Air-flow carries granular materials usually.In many instances, need from air-flow, remove some or all granular materials.For example, enter the engine of motor vehicles or the charge air flow of generating equipment, enter the air-flow of gas turbine, and the circulation of air that enters various combustion furnaces often comprises the granular materials of carrying secretly.If described granular materials arrives the internal work district of various relevant devices, may cause great destruction.Usually need be from engine, turbine is removed granular materials in the upstream airflow of combustion furnace or other relevant devices.

The present invention relates to be used in enhancing efficient (for example) HEPA or the on-chip polymerization fine fibre of ULPA synthetic.Described fine fibre synthetic has improved characteristics, it can be used for multiple application, comprises the formation fiber, microfibre, nanofiber, fleece, fiber mat, infiltration structure such as film, coating or film.Polymeric material of the present invention is the synthetic with physical features, and it makes the polymeric material with various physical forms or form can resist moisture, heat, air stream, the degradation of chemicals and mechanical stress or impact.

In making fine fiber filter media, used multiple material already, comprise glass fibre, metal, pottery and a series of polymeric compositions.Already multiple fiberizing method or technology were used to produce minor diameter micron and nanofiber.A kind of method relates to allows described material pass through thin capillary or hole with melted material or with the form in the solution of evaporation subsequently.Fiber can also be generally used for producing the ＂ spinning head ＂ formation of synthetic fibers such as nylon by use.Electrostatic spinning also is known.This technology relates to the use hypodermic needle, nozzle, capillary or movable water dropper.Described structure provides the liquid solution of polymer, and it is attracted to collecting region by the high-voltage electrostatic field subsequently.Because described material is drawn out and quickens from described emitter by the static district, it is very thin that described fiber becomes, and can form fibre structure by the solvent evaporation.

Because regulations require more and more stricter, also need industrial dust-collecting equipment to remove the more and more littler particle of larger proportion in the process air streams.The gas turbine inlet air filtration system must remove a large amount of very little particles equally, because the existence of these particles may cause the destruction that can't retrieve turbo blade.The cleannes of environment, occupant's health, the efficient of industrial technology, the maintenance of industrial equipment, and the overall aesthetic of life need easily be removed the submicron material by filter from air stream.

In order to reach submicron is removed from air stream by described system, inertia separator tends to only on the passage of granular materials physical obstacle is set, and described granular materials is entered collecting box by collision then from air stream.The paper bag dust arrester is the filter based on the paper filter technology of bag shape.This paper bag is installed in the air stream, so that the particle in the discrete air streams usually simply.

Designed the filter that upgrades already, it has the dull and stereotyped or cylindrical filter core of de-entrainment filter.In these purposes, used the HEPA filtering material.Common this HEPA structure comprises that PTFE (Teflon of the stretching) layer of extension has one deck melt-blown fiber and is combined on the filtration device structure, and perhaps the cellulose filter paper layer has one deck melt-blown fiber and is combined on the filtration device structure.These structures only clean by rapping filter or with compressed air stream filter cake or particle being blown off from filter usually.

But the filter efficiency and the cleaning capacity of the filter that upgrades are important.These filters must can remove dust and dirt, but must easy to clean and don't damage filter.Usually, rapping filter on solid body may cause filter medium to scrap maybe may to cause the layering of multilayer composition, therefore cause described filter not make dust and dirt pass through filtration device structure by the formation of passage to remove dust and dirt.The pattern of another failure appears at when thin dust granule is trapped in the filter medium, so that dust can not remove by common filter cleaning mechanism, causes the vacuum power that reduces and the filter life of shortening.

The disclosed technology of the present invention relates to the assignee of the present invention, is positioned at the ongoing exploitation of Donaldson Company, Inc (Donaldson Company Inc.) in Minneapolis city, the Minnesota State.The continuation technological development that the present invention relates to, part is relevant with the theme that characterizes in the following United States Patent (USP): B2 4,720,292 Des 416,308; 5,613,992; 4,020,783; With 5,112,372.Be positioned at Minneapolis city, the Minnesota State Donaldson Company, Inc (Donaldson, Inc.); Have each patent of above-mentioned indication equally, the full content of each patent is incorporated into this paper at this.

The invention still further relates to the polymeric material that is used as durable HEPA or ULPA substrate, can produce heat, moisture, active material and mechanical stress have the product that improves environmental stability.Described material can be used for forming fine fibre, as has the microfibre and the nano-fiber material of improved stability and intensity.Along with dwindling of fiber size, the durability of this material becomes problem more.This fine fibre can be used for multiple use.In one application, filtration device structure can prepare with this fine fibre technology.The present invention relates to polymer, polymer composition, fiber, filter, filtration device structure, and filter method.Application of the present invention relates in particular to filtering particle from liquid stream, for example filtration from air stream and liquid (for example anhydrous and have water liquid) stream.Disclosed technology relates to the structure that has one or more layers fine fibre in filter medium.For the combination of characteristic and durability, can select the size of synthetic and fiber.

An example that fine fiber layer is used for the dust filter vacuum technique of vacuum bag is (Emiget al.) such as Emig, U.S. Patent number 6,395,064 patent.An example of the PTFE that the filter element use in wet/dry vacuum cleaners is extended or the Teflon of stretching is (Scanlon et al.) such as Scanlon, U.S. Patent number 5,783,086 patent.An example of cellulose filter paper/melt-blown layered filter is the Ridgid-board VF5000 filter on sale in Home Depot shop.An example of plain weave HEPA filter be Www.shop-vac.comShop-Vac903-34-00HEPA cartridge filter on sale.Filtering material has high efficiency usually as plain weave HEPA medium, but common service life is short, and may influence quality because of contact water.The PTFE medium that extends has very high pressure usually and falls and medium HEPA efficient.Cellulose filter paper/melt-blown layered filter shows relatively poor filter cleaning ability usually.

On the market of multipurpose vacuum cleaner and wet/dry vacuum system, the performance to vacuum cleaner and filter thereof had proposed more and more higher standard in recent years.Require these devices at dwelling house, the garage, basement, the shop, environment very wet or dry usually in courtyard and the multiple industrial environment is removed the more and more higher more and more littler particle of accounting example in the air-flow by using vacuum cleaner.It is healthy that improvement has been satisfied in the requirement that improves, and reduces allergy, improves cleannes, reduces the surrounding environment amounts of particles, and dwelling house, the needs of other requirements of shop and industrial environment.

There are actual needs, attempt, realize falling filtration, in the service life of prolongation, remove the filter capacity of a large amount of submicron particles and the service life of prolongation with higher flow velocity with medium extremely low pressure by using existing filtration device structure.Described preferred filter can be by rapping on solid body or carry out mechanical chipping by simple washing, and can stand to reuse and the cleaning frequency.

Summary of the invention

The present invention relates to the stratiform filter medium, relate to board-like or the drum type brake filtration device structure.Described filter has adopted the unique combination of activated filter film layer, comprises that at least one efficient substrate and at least one fine fibre or layers of nanofibers are effectively to remove dust, dirt and other particles.Described type of substrate can comprise the HEPA medium, glass fibre HEPA, ULPA medium, 95%DOP medium, melt-blown medium, dielectric medium, cellulose/melt-blown layered medium etc.We have found that, use the filter of flat board or cylindrical structural, and layer combination of suitable size can realize in being fit to use the system of this unique filter that effectively removing thinner dust in the air stream of durable device from machinery adds loading in it.Filter of the present invention can be designed to as filtration device structure, inserts filter with plate or cylindrical filter core.Described filter comprises the combination of efficient substrate layer or a plurality of layers, and one deck nanofiber or fine fibre are formed in the combination of substrate layer or described layer at least.Layers of nanofibers and efficient substrate are selected, so that obtain the parameter of one group of balance, it allows the user to fall with lower pressure and effectively removes submicron particles.Efficient substrate (individual layer or stratiform substrate structure) has the particle filter efficiency above 80% according to the test of ASTM1215.We have found that the combination of high-efficiency nano fibre layer and high-efficiency filtration media provides suitable filter efficiency, use which kind of filter method cleaning filter all easy to clean, and have lower production cost.Layered structure can comprise a series of thick separating mediums of one deck, with fine fibre from described substrate separation.

The present invention can be with filter medium, and filter element uses with flat board or cylindrical appliance form, can be used in the multiple filter method application.Described application comprises filtering gas and liquid stream, vacuum cleaner, dedusting, automobile and other transporting equipments (including the vehicles of wheel and the filtration application on the air equipment), at (the Donaldson Company of Donaldson Company, Inc, Inc.) during using, uses Powercore (Z-medium) these materials, gas turbine enters the filtration of power station air-flow, filter military, civilian, the city air of industry and health care institutes, during using, semiconductor production and other reduce granule for health, effectively produce, cleannes, security or other free-revving engines are quite important, and filtered air stream filters airtight ventilation equipment to remove biohazard or the chemical hazard material in the local environment in Military Application, this equipment is used for for example space shuttle, the aircraft air re-circulation, submarine, clean room and the airtight application of other these classes, be used in by public utility/Security Officer as high efficiency particulate air filter, as the police, fire-fighting, army personnel, the common people, hospital personnel, industrial worker and other need to remove from inhaled air efficiently on the breathing instrument of short grained personnel's use.

Filter media construction of the present invention can also be used as high efficiency particulate air filter and liquid.In this class was used, typical fluent material comprised the moisture and anhydrous liquid that flows through conduit, may run into to be positioned to pass the filter of described liquid stream in ＂ closed end ＂ or ＂ lateral flow ＂ direction.In closed end filtered, described particles hit filter also was removed.In the lateral flow pattern, described liquid communication is crossed described fiber, and simultaneously, the smooth surface morphology of layers of nanofibers has strengthened the cleaning capacity of dielectric surface from the lateral flow effect.The high-efficiency nano fibre layer is used in the service life of significantly having improved this structure on efficient or the ULPA layer.

We have found that, comprise that the performance of the vacuum cleaner of wet/dry vacuum system and shop/vac system can comprise that the layered medium of one deck fine fibre and the efficient medium of one deck significantly improves at least by use.Layered medium can also comprise other filtrations and wall.Described medium can be made the filtration device structure of board-like or cartridge type.Our experiment show described structure can with obviously lower flow and reasonably pressure the submicron particles of successfully removing in the air stream fall.Described structure provides filtration efficiency, effectively cleaning capacity, and low production cost.Described optimum decision system comprises one or more layers nanofiber, and it is arranged on and uses on base cloth or the substrate of crude fibre nonwoven layers as separation layer.Layers of nanofibers, the combination of base cloth separation layer and glass fibre substrate provides efficiently, low pressure drop, effective cleaning ability and low production cost and durable mechanical stability are even also be like this during in the face of arduous cleaning operation.

The method of the air inlet air-flow that is used for the purifying gas expander system also is provided.Described method comprises uses preferred filter medium.Usually, described preferred medium relates to use obstruct medium in air cleaner, is generally folded medium, and fine fibre, with outstanding advantage.

Described filter medium comprises that at least one micron or nanoweb layer and substrate material are combined into mechanically stable filtration device structure.These layers provide fabulous filtration jointly, high particle capture, when such as the fluid of gas or liquid during by described filter medium efficient in minimum flow restriction.Described substrate can be placed on fluid stream upstream, downstream or in internal layer.Multiple industry already in recent years to using filter media, promptly from fluid, remove undesired particle and given a lot of concerns such as gas or liquid.These filter methods need the mechanical strength of microfibre and substrate material, chemistry and physical stability.Described filter medium is applicable to the various temperature condition, humidity, and mechanical oscillation and vibrations are entrained in reactivity in the fluid stream and non-reacted, friction or non-frictional property particle.In addition, described filter medium needs self-detergent power usually, make filter medium be subjected to counter-pressure pulse (reverse fluid flow of short time is so that remove the surface coating of particle), mechanical oscillation or other purify mechanism, the particle that can carry secretly from described filter medium surface removal.This reverse purge can cause the pressure that remarkable (promptly) that improves weakens after pulse or vibratory cleaning to fall.After pulse or vibratory cleaning, particle capture efficient can not improved usually, and but, this pulse or vibratory cleaning meeting reduce pressure falls, and saves the energy of filtration operation.Described filter can be dismantled maintenance, and can clean in moisture or anhydrous cleaning synthetic.Processing comprises spins fine fibre, forms the connection net of microfibre then on porous substrates, can form described medium usually.In textile technology, the physics that described fiber can constitute between the fiber connects, so that described fiber mat is connected into complete layer.Described material can be made the filter form that needs then, as tubular, flat disk, jar shape, tabular, bag shape, and cryptomere.In described structure, described medium can be fully folding, curls or otherwise be placed on the supporting construction.

A first aspect of the present invention, it is filter medium or filtration device structure, has at least one fine fibre or layers of nanofibers and has efficient substrate.In a second aspect of the present invention, it is fine fibre or layers of nanofibers, has high osmosis base cloth layer and efficient substrate combination.A third aspect of the present invention is nanofiber or fine fiber layer and base cloth layer combination, and efficient substrate layer comprises that second layer base cloth layer is relative with the base cloth layer of front.A fourth aspect of the present invention is nanofiber or fine fiber layer and base cloth layer combination, efficient substrate and base cloth layer combination, and final fine fibre or layers of nanofibers.A fifth aspect of the present invention comprises nanofiber or fine fiber layer and substrate combination, is second nanofiber or fine fiber layer subsequently.A sixth aspect of the present invention comprises layers of nanofibers and base cloth layer combination, the efficient substrate layer and second layers of nanofibers.At last, last aspect of the present invention comprises layers of nanofibers and substrate layer and base cloth layer combination.Above-mentioned various aspects, nanofiber or fine fiber layer can be spun near any spun substrate, and can be as required with the activated filter film medium in other layer combinations.In addition, fine fibre or layers of nanofibers can be spun on the adjacent layer of the next one, are used for medium or filter production.Above-mentioned any aspect, to single nanofiber, the quoting of base cloth or substrate layer may mean that a plurality of layers of described material are used on the described efficient configuration.Described structure, each layer of combination (for example) substrate layer can have lower individual layer efficient, but, can have an efficient with other substrate layer combinations, is enough to become the defined efficient substrate of the present invention.In addition, according to the design concept of medium or filter, can use multi-layer nano fiber or fine fiber layer and multilayer base cloth layer.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 represents graphical data, and expression is compared with other filtering materials, filter material after repeating to clean to the resistance increase of air stream.The fine fiber layer that increases on the slab construction shown in should using has obviously strengthened the cleaning capacity of glass fiber material.The less increase that ＂ cleaning ＂ pressure falls shows has removed a large amount of dusts and dirt from fiber of the present invention when cleaning.

Fig. 2 can return to the dust and the dirt confining force of medium low-level after being illustrated in and reusing and clean.After the loading of dust and dirt and cleaning were carried out three circulations, the dust that the HEPA material is held was obviously more than fine fibre HEPA layer and PTFE material in the experiment of the present invention.The fine fiber layer material has been realized surperficial loading, and because dust and dirt mainly rest on the fine fiber layer surface, described dust is easy to remove, but causes outstanding cleaning capacity.

Fig. 3 represents to compare with other filtering material repetitive cycling, the cleaning capacity of material of the present invention or dust useful load.Before the final pressure that reaches experiment fell, the dust of fine fiber layer medium of the present invention and PTFE material capture and dirt were obviously more than the HEPA glass fiber material.In other words, fine fibre is used in the replacement scheme of the lower cost on the efficient medium, has obtained the dust collection capacity suitable with more expensive PTFE material.

Fig. 4 represents graphical data, shows that multilayer dielectricity of the present invention can be cleaned and return to fabulous filtration parameter.

Fig. 5 represents graphical data, and expression HEPA fiberglass media is returning to aspect the initial condition not as multilayer dielectricity.

Fig. 6 represents graphical data, and expression PTFE fiberglass media is returning to aspect the initial condition not as multilayer dielectricity.Fig. 4-6 expression layered medium of the present invention (Fig. 4) demonstrates fabulous dust collection capacity under experiment condition, can be cleaned and return to new condition substantially, repeats the fabulous filtering feature of original material.Glass fibre HEPA filter shown in Figure 5 and PTFE medium shown in Figure 6, but all can not obtain fabulous cleaning capacity, and after three clean cycle, can not return to high filtering feature.

Fig. 7 is the perspective schematic view of barrel type filtering spare.

Fig. 8 is the schematic cross sectional views along Fig. 7 center line 8-8 of filtration members shown in Figure 7.

Fig. 9 is a data drawing list, but the preceding of cleaning device of the present invention and afterpulse cleaning capacity and service life are compared in expression with the similar structures in the fine fibre.

Figure 10 is the schematic diagram of engine system, wherein can use according to air cleaner of the present invention;

Figure 11 is the perspective schematic view of a kind of embodiment of filtration members, and it can be used in the system shown in Figure 10;

Figure 12 is the perspective schematic view that can be used for a part of filter medium (Z-medium) in the structure shown in Figure 11;

Figure 13 is that the described filtration members of Figure 11 is installed schematic cross sectional views in the enclosure;

Figure 14 is a kind of segmentation, the enlarged diagram of embodiment of compressible seal parts that is used for the sealing system of filtration members shown in Figure 11;

Figure 15 is the perspective schematic view that can be used on the another embodiment of the filtration members in the engine system shown in Figure 12;

Figure 16 is that filtration members shown in Figure 15 is installed schematic cross sectional views in the enclosure;

Figure 17 be can be used on filtration members in the engine system shown in Figure 10 and shell another embodiment schematically, decomposition diagram;

Figure 18 is the schematic diagram of gas turbine engine systems, wherein can use filtration members of the present invention;

Figure 19 is the perspective schematic view that can be used in a kind of embodiment of the filtration members in the gas turbine air intake system shown in Figure 180;

Figure 20 is that filtration members shown in Figure 19 is installed in the rearview in the tube sheet, and has fore filter to be installed in filtration members shown in Figure 19 upstream;

Figure 21 is an air filter arrangement shown in Figure 19, along the amplification of the line 12-12 of Figure 19, schematically, the cutaway view of segmentation.

Figure 22 is the schematic diagram of the air intake system of microturbine system, wherein can use filtration members of the present invention;

Figure 23 is in to operate installation, and with the schematic cross sectional views of the filtration members that enters air of purifying gas expander system, section is along the line 14-14 of Figure 24, but is in confined state;

Figure 24 is the decomposition side view of filter for installation shown in Figure 23, and is in unassembled state;

Figure 25 is the schematic cross sectional views of segmentation, shows that filtration members is sealed in the filter housing;

Figure 26 is the schematic diagram of the air inlet of fuel cell system, and it can adopt filtration members described herein;

Figure 27 is the schematic cross sectional views of filter assemblies, can be used in the fuel cell gas handling system of Figure 26; With

Figure 28 is the schematic cross sectional views of the another embodiment of filter assemblies, can be used in the air inlet of fuel cell system.

Figure 29 is according to the present invention, comprises the side view that a kind of part of embodiment of the air filtering system of filtration members is cut open;

Figure 30 is according to the present invention, comprises the side view that the part of another embodiment of the air filtering system of filtration members and venturi (Venturi) part is cut open;

Figure 31 is that filtration members shown in Fig. 7 and 8 is sealed in the amplification in the system, schematic cross sectional views shown in Figure 30 or 31;

Figure 32 is a kind of phantom of embodiment that the filtration members of venturi (Venturi) part is housed on it, can be used in the system shown in Figure 30; With

Figure 33 is the plane of impulse jet purging system and venturi spare.

Figure 34 is the schematic cross sectional views of gas turbine air inlet filtration system, is used for the disclosed method of this paper; With

Figure 35 is the schematic cross sectional views of another kind of gas turbine inlet air filtration system, and is similar but smaller with system shown in Figure 29, is used for the disclosed method of this paper.

Figure 36 is a data drawing list, but represents to compare with the similar structures that does not have fine fibre before the pulse of cleaning device of the present invention and the pulse behind efficiency.

The preferred filter deployment of Figure 37-40 expression comprises cylindrical filter core, the filter core and the plate armature of band seal.

Figure 41-the 46th, data drawing list is represented the various measurements of the filter efficiency of the described filter of routine 4-8.

The specific embodiment

Layered medium comprises at least one fine fibre or the netted layer of nanofiber, is combined into mechanically stable structure with efficient substrate material.Described fine fiber layer must be loaded so that obtain the surface of dust and dirt, and can not cause obvious impairment or destruction to the layer in the filter when using or clean at machinery and chemically enough stable.Filter medium of the present invention is by spinning fine fibre on one deck, forms on efficient substrate then that the connection net of microfibre produces.In spinning process, described fiber can form physical bond between fiber, forms on-chip unbroken layer so that fiber mat is connected.Layered medium can comprise thick non-woven base cloth.

The present invention relates to have the polymer composition that improves characteristic, can be used for forming filter medium, the nanofiber on flat board or the filter core, fleece, fiber mat etc.Of the present inventionly comprise that the micron or the fine fibre of layers of nanofibers can be fibers, and diameter is approximately the 0.05-0.5 micron.The thickness range of typical fine fiber layer is about 1-100 times (being about 0.05-50 micron) of described fibre diameter, and its basis weight range is approximately 3 x 10 ^-7-6 x 10 ^-5Gram-cm ^-2

Can be used for the fine fibre in the filter of the present invention or the polymeric material of polymer fiber layer and comprise addition polymers and condensation polymer material, as polyolefin, polyacetals, polyamide, polyester, cellulose ether and ester, the inferior hydrocarbon of poly-sulfuration, polyarylene oxide, polysulfones, the polysulfone polymer of improvement and its mixture.The preferred material that belongs to above-mentioned logical class comprises polyethylene, polypropylene, poly-(vinyl chloride), polymethyl methacrylate (with other acrylic resins), polystyrene and its copolymer (comprising ABA block polymer), poly-(vinylidene fluoride), poly-(vinylidene chloride), have various degree of hydrolysis (87%-99.5%) crosslinked with the polyvinyl alcohol non-crosslinked form.Preferred addition polymers tends to glassy (Tg is higher than room temperature).For polyvinyl chloride and polymethyl methacrylate, poly styrene polymer synthetic or alloy, or be like this for polyvinylidene fluoride with low crystallizability and polyvinyl alcohol material.One class of polyamide polycondensate comprises nylon material.Term ＂ nylon ＂ is the general name of all long-chain synthesizing polyamides.Usually, the nylon nomenclature comprises a series of numerals, and as nylon-6,6 expression original materials are C ₆Diamine and C ₆(first digit is represented C to diacid ₆Diamine, and second digit is represented C ₆Dicarboxylic acid compound).Another kind of nylon can be made by the polycondensation of ε caprolactam existing under the condition of low amounts of water.This reaction has formed nylon-6 (by cyclic lactames-be known as EACA again to make), and it is a linear polyamidoamine.In addition, also considered nylon copolymer.Copolymer can be by the various diamine compounds of combination in reactant mixture, and various diacid compounds and various cyclic lactames structure form the nylon that has randomly located monomer material then in polyamide structure.For example, nylon 6,6-6,10 materials are by hexamethylene diamine and C ₆And C ₁₀The nylon that two acid blends are made.Nylon 6-6,6-6, the 10th, by EACA, hexamethylene diamine and C ₆And C ₁₀The combined polymerization of diacid mixtures of material and the nylon made.

Block copolymer is useful equally in process of the present invention.For this copolymer, the selection of solvent expansion agent is important.The solvent of selecting makes two kinds of blocks can both be dissolved in the described solvent.A kind of example is ABA (styrene-EP-styrene) in dichloromethane solvent or the AB (polymer of styrene-EP).If a kind of composition is not dissolved in described solvent, will form gel.The example of described block copolymer is

Type styrene-b-butadiene and styrene-b-hydrogenated butadiene (ethylene, propylene),

Type e-caprolactam-b-ethylene oxide,1,2-epoxyethane,

The polyurethane and the isocyanates of polyester-b-ethylene oxide,1,2-epoxyethane and ethylene oxide,1,2-epoxyethane.

Addition polymers, as polyvinylidene fluoride, syndiotactic polystyrene, the copolymer of vinylidene fluoride and hexafluoropropene, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl acetate, armorphous addition polymers, as poly-(acrylonitrile), and with the copolymer of acrylic acid and methacrylate, polystyrene, poly-(vinyl chloride) and various copolymer thereof, poly-(methyl methacrylate) and various copolymer thereof can carry out the solution spinning, with comparalive ease because they are solvable under low pressure and low temperature.But, need high temperature, high pressure solvent such as polyethylene and polyacrylic height crystalline polymer, if they are carried out the solution spinning.Therefore, polyethylene and polyacrylic solution spinning are very difficult.The electrostatic solution spinning is a kind of technology of making nanofiber and microfibre.

We find also that with polymeric blends alloy form or cross-linking chemistry integrated structure formation comprise that the polymer synthetic of two or more polymeric material has sizable advantage.We think, this polymer synthetic has improved physical characteristic by the speciality that changes polymer, as improve polymer chain flexibility or chain can fortune property, increase total molecular weight and the formation by the polymeric material network provides booster action.

In a kind of embodiment of this design, two kinds of relevant polymeric materials can be mixed to obtain favourable characteristic.For example, high molecular weight pvc can mix with the low-molecular-weight polyvinyl chloride.Similarly, the high molecular weight nylon material can mix with the low-molecular-weight nylon material.In addition, the polymeric material of the different cultivars of same big class can be mixed.For example, the high molecular weight styrene material can with low-molecular-weight, HTPS mixes.The nylon-6 material can with nylon copolymer, such as nylon-6; 6,6; 6,10 copolymers mix.In addition, have the polyvinyl alcohol of low in hydrolysis degree, as the polyvinyl alcohol of 87% hydrolysis can with have 98-99.9% and Geng Gao degree of hydrolysis fully or the polyvinyl alcohol of crossing hydrolysis mix.All these materials in the mixture can use suitable crosslinked mechanism crosslinked.Nylon can use the crosslinking agent that can react with the nitrogen-atoms of acid amides bond crosslinked.Polyvinyl alcohol material can use the hydroxyl activity material crosslinked, as an aldehyde, and as formaldehyde, urea, melamine formaldehyde resin and analog thereof, boric acid and other inorganic compounds.Dialdehyde, diacid, polyurethane rubber, epoxy resin and other known crosslinking agents.Crosslinking technological is known in the art and the phenomenon understood, wherein crosslinking agent reaction and form covalent bond between the polymer chain, so that significantly improve molecular weight, and chemoresistance, bulk strength and to the holding capacity of mechanical damage.

Fine fibre can be made by polymeric material or polymer doping.A kind of preference pattern of the present invention is the polymeric blends that comprises first kind of polymer and second kind of different polymer (at polymer type, molecular weight or physical characteristic aspect difference), and it is at high temperature nursed one's health or handles.Described polymeric blends can react, and makes single chemical species, perhaps can physically be merged into the synthetic of mixing by annealing process.Annealing expression physical change, as degree of crystallinity, stress relaxation or orientation.Preferable material is that chemical reaction forms the single polymers kind, shows the single polymers material so that the differential scanning calorimetry score is analysed.Described material can form the surface coating of additive on microfibre with the preferred additives combination of materials time, with high temperature, high humidity provides lipophile, the stability of hydrophobicity or other improvement of being correlated with when contact with abominable condition of work.The diameter of the fine fibre of described types of material is about 0.01-5 micron.This microfibre can have smooth surface, comprises the discrete layers of additive material or the outer cover of additive material, is partly dissolved or alloying at polymer surfaces, or has this two kinds of phenomenons simultaneously.The preferred material that is used for described mixed polymer system comprises nylon 6; Nylon 66; Nylon 6-10; Nylon (6-66-610) copolymer and other linear common aliphatic nylon synthetics.Analyzed molecular weight (the J.E.Walz and G.B.Taylor of preferred nylon multipolymer resins (SVP-651) by end group titration, determination of the molecularweight of nylon, Anal.Chem.Vol.19, Number7, pp448-450 (1947).Number-average molecular weight (Mn) is at 21,500 and 24,800.Synthetic is by the estimation of the phasor of the melting temperature of three kinds of composition nylon, and nylon 6 is about 45%, nylon 66 about 20%, about 25%. (the Page286 of NYLON610, Nylon Plastics Handbook, Melvin Kohan ed.Hanser Publisher, New York (1995)).

The physical parameter of SVP 651 resins of report is:

Parameter	The ASTM method	Unit	Standard value
Parameter	The ASTM method	Unit	Standard value	Proportion	D-792	--	1.08
Water absorption (soaking 24 hours)	D-570	％	2.5	Proportion	D-792	--	1.08
Water absorption (soaking 24 hours)	D-570	％	2.5	Hardness	D-240	Shore?D	65
Fusing point	DSC	℃(℉)	154(309)	Hardness	D-240	Shore?D	65
Fusing point	DSC	℃(℉)	154(309)	Kang Laqiangdu @Yield	D-638	MPa(kpsi)	50(7.3)
The fracture elongation	D-638	％	350	Kang Laqiangdu @Yield	D-638	MPa(kpsi)	50(7.3)
The fracture elongation	D-638	％	350	Flexural modulus	D-790	MPa(kpsi)	180(26)
Specific insulation	D-257	ohm-cm	10 ¹²	Flexural modulus	D-790	MPa(kpsi)	180(26)

We find to add the characteristic that material can significantly improve the polymeric material of fine fibre form.By using the interpolation material obviously to improve heat, wet, impulsive force, the holding capacity of mechanical stress and the influence of other hostile environments.We find that described interpolation material can improve oleophobic characteristic when processing micro fibre material of the present invention, hydrophobic character, and help to improve the chemical stability of described material.We think; because the existence of these oleophobic property hydrophobic additive, improve with the fine fibre of the present invention of microfibre form, because these additives have formed protective coating; surface out of place or impermeable surface are to certain degree of depth, so that improve the character of polymeric material.We think that the key character of these materials is to have the strong-hydrophobicity group, and described group preferably also has oleophobic characteristic.The strong-hydrophobicity group comprises carbon fluoro compound group, hydrophobic hydrocarbon surfactant or block and the oligomer synthetic that is mainly hydrocarbon.Described material is produced with the synthetic form; wherein the part molecule tend to provide common and polymer physics in conjunction with or the polymeric material compatibility that is connected; and strong-hydrophobicity or oleophobic property group are because the combining of described additive and polymer; form the protectiveness surface level on this surface, perhaps mix with polymer surface layer formation alloy or with it.Be the fiber of 10% 0.2-micron for additive level, surface thickness is calculated as about 50

If described additive is shifted to described surface.Think move can be owing to oleophobic property or hydrophobic group in the bulk material due to the incompatibility.50

Thickness is seemingly rational thickness for protective coating.For the fiber of 0.05-micron diameter, 50

Thickness is equivalent to 20% quality.For the fiber of 2 micron thickness, 50

Thickness is equivalent to 2% quality.Preferably, the use amount of interpolation material is about 2-25wt.%.Can comprise that molecular weight is about 500 to about 5000 oligomer with the oligomer additive that polymeric material of the present invention is used in combination, preferably approximately 500 to about 3000 comprise fluorine-containing chemicals, nonionic surface active agent and low-molecular-weight resin or oligomer.The useful materials that is used as the additive material in the synthetic of the present invention is the tert-butyl phenol oligomer.Described material tendency is low-molecular-weight relatively aromatic phenols resin.Described resin is by the novolac polymer of enzymatic oxidation in conjunction with preparation.The shortage of methene key causes unique chemical and physical stability.These phenolic resins can with various amine and cross linking of epoxy resin, and with multiple polymeric material compatibility.The example of these phenolic materials comprises Enzo-BPA, Enzo-BPA/ phenol, and Enzo-TBP, the phenolic resins that Enzo-COP is relevant with other is from Enzymol International Inc., Columbus, Ohio obtains.

Exist multiple efficient dielectric material to can be used for different application.These substrate media can comprise HEPA, ULPA, HEPA glass fibre, 95% DOP, melt-blown layer, dielectric fibrage, and cellulose/melt-blown layered medium.Durability nanofiber that this paper is disclosed and microfibre can add in above-mentioned any medium.These media can be yarn fabric or adhesive-bonded fabric.Described fabric can be a single or multiple lift.Each layer can comprise the weaving or the non-woven fibre of weaving or the non-woven fibre or the mixing of single component.Described layer can with other layer combination, as base cloth or with other useful filter courses.Described substrate essence can be hydrophilic or hydrophobic, perhaps can be through handling to obtain described feature.Described substrate can be treated antibiotic to comprise, kills the virus or other abilities, so that reduce the colony of infectious agent.

Structure of the present invention comprises the ground floor fine fibre.Described fine fibre is fixed on the surface of dielectric layer.The microfibre of described device or nanofiber can be made by electrostatic spinning technology commonly used.Barris, U.S. Patent number 4,650,506 have disclosed the apparatus and method of electrostatic spinning technology in detail, and this patent is incorporated into this paper especially.The device that is used for described technology comprises and is used to hold the container that fine fibre forms polymer solution that pump and rotary-type emission instrument or emitter are pumped to its place and application with described polymer solution.Described emitter generally includes rotating part.Rotating part obtains polymer solution subsequently from described container, and when it rotates in electrostatic field, described electrostatic field, as described below, the drop of solution is quickened towards the surface of collecting fabric.Towards emitter, but with its separation be the grid that is substantially the plane, described collection surface (being fabric or multilayer multifilament fabric) settles thereon.Air can pass through described grid.Described collection surface is positioned near the grid opposite end.Between emitter and grid, keep the high-pressure electrostatic position by suitable static potential source.

In use, polymer solution is pumped into described rotating part from container.Rest potential between grid and the emitter makes described material have electric charge, causes liquid to spray from emitter with the form of fine fibre, and described fiber is pulled to grid, and here fiber arrives and is collected on the substrate fabrics.For the polymer in the solution, solvent evaporates when fiber flies to grid and breaks away from fiber; Therefore described fiber has arrived described fabric.Described fine fibre combines with the fabric fibre that at first runs on grid.Select electrostatic field intensity, to guarantee that polymeric material quickens to arrive described fabric from emitter; Described acceleration is enough to make that described material forms very thin microfibre or nanofibrous structures.The pace of quickening or reduction collection fabric can deposit emission fiber more or less on forming fabric, thereby can control the thickness of settling each layer on it.

The fiber size of layers of nanofibers is about 0.01-2 micron or 0.05-0.5 micron, and basic weight is about 3 x 10 ^-7-6 x 10 ^-5Gram-cm ^-2, pore size is about 0.01-100 micron.It is about 0.2oz-yd that described substrate has a preferred basis weights equally ^-2-350lb-3000ft ^-2, thickness is about 0.001-0.2 inch.Described fiber medium is normally folding, and uses support and the binder material filter medium is binded to plate or tubular supporting structure to form filter core.Total filter element is with 10ft-min ^-1The speed efficient of removing 0.1 micron particles be about 35-99.99995%, with 10ft-min ^-1The speed efficient of removing 0.76 micron particles be about 80 to surpassing 98% or test about 80-99.99995% according to ASTM1215.Filter core usually can be with about 5 to about 10 ⁴The speed of cubic feet/min flows air and effective remove particulate matter.Described feature is unique and importance that be durable filter of the present invention.

Filter of the present invention can be by forming at least one nanofiber or fine fiber layer is made on media base or substrate layer.Described sandwich construction can comprise filtration or the non-filter course that other are required.Described media base layer can comprise HEPA, ULPA, and the 95%DOP level, melt-blown, cellulose/melt-blown stratiform, or dielectric medium are as long as described medium is efficient medium.Concerning present patent application, clearance of particles efficient surpassed 80% when the efficient medium ＂ of ＂ represented to test according to ASTM1215.

Media base or substrate layer can comprise HEPA (High Efficient Particle Arrester high-efficient granule grabber) filter, i.e. 100 grades (allowing to be less than the size of 100 particles above 0.5 micron every cubic feet).According to occasion, can replace with the ULPA (the ultralow particle trap of Ultra Low Particle Arrester) of grade 10 (allowing to be less than the size of 10 particles) above 0.3 micron every cubic feet.

The example of useful basic filter medium or substrate layer is that basic filter medium allows the particle infiltration (efficient is 95%-99.9995%) less than 5%-0.0005% when using DOP suspended particulate permeability test to measure.Described basic filter medium normally weave or non-woven filtration media by comprising that natural and short fibers synthetic fibers make.Can use fiber to comprise glass fibre, metallic fiber, elastomeric fibre, non-elastomer polymer, polyurethane, polyester, polyamide and other in media base of the present invention.

Media base of the present invention can also comprise adhesive-bonded fabric, the adhesive-bonded fabric of special preferred molten blowing, since the microsize of described filter or fiber, promptly miniature hole, and the random collecting of described fiber has caused small pore size, high efficiency and particle-resistant permeability.The adhesive-bonded fabric of described melt-blown is fallen at rational pressure and is shown filtering feature.Described melt-blown fabric can drive by multiple known fusion, and the fiber blown technique is produced.Can produce nonwoven of the present invention, melt-blown material with thermoplastic commonly used.Typical melt-blown polymer comprises polyolefin, as polyethylene and polypropylene, and polyester, the adhesive-bonded fabric of polyamide nylon and other rational Tm.Thermoplasticity of the present invention, melt-blown, heat pressure adhesive, artificial, non-woven fibre can have lighter weight, about 0.05 and about 10oz-yd ^-2Between.

The basal layer of sandwich construction of the present invention can comprise dielectric or friction dielectric system.Term ＂ dielectric ＂ or the charged technology of ＂ friction dielectric ＂ are taken free substrate of the present invention, the structure of the polymer that medium or non-woven material are made, and it causes permanent formation electrostatic charge on fiber.This friction electricity or static or electrostatic charge are the imbalance generations by electronics on the material fiber.This electric charge can form on non-conductive surfacing usually, comprise synthetic with nonsynthetic, organic and inorganic fibers.Adhesive-bonded fabric of the present invention can be made friction dielectric form, produces friction dielectric effect by cover layer, by the spinning in strong electrostatic field of co-extrusion pressure different materials.Generation dielectric or friction dielectric effect are the well-known aspects that adhesive-bonded fabric is produced, and have disclosed in multinomial United States Patent (USP).Dielectric or friction dielectric fiber can comprise synthetic material, as polyolefin, and polyester, polyamide, acrylonitrile, polyvinyl, ethenylidene polymer, polyvinylidene polymer, the polymer of modification, alloy, semisynthetic material is as cellulose ethanoate and PTFE.Described fiber can also comprise natural material, as rubber, and latex, cotton, cotton mixture, wool mixture, cellulose, cellulose derivative etc.In case change into friction dielectric or dielectric form, described lamella may be responded to the electrostatic pressure that surpasses about 500 volts total increase, usually in about 500-1000 volt scope.

HEPA basal layer or substrate are preferably made with glass fiber material.A kind of example is the glass fiber filter media of synthesizing, have covering or do not have covering, and be corrugated, to strengthen the property.The superficial velocity of described medium is 0.1ft/min. at least, is no more than 200ft-min ^-1, be typically about 1-100ft.-min ^-1Folded depth is not less than 0.25 inch, is not more than 3 inches, is generally the 0.5-2 inch.Folded length is at least 1 inch, is no more than 20 inches, is generally the 3-10 inch.Folded medium has upstream media table area to be 2ft at least ², be preferably about 3-5ft ²Have at least 30 to fold, be no more than about 150 and fold, be typically about 60-100 and fold.Synthetic glass fiber filter media can be used low-surface-energy material covering, as aliphatic fluoro carbon materials, can be from Sao Paulo, and (St.Paul, 3M company Minnesota) buys in the Minnesota.

In a kind of preference pattern of the present invention, described filter medium is made by forming a sandwich construction, is included in the high-performance of central authorities, efficient substrate, then is that one or more is thick, nonwoven spacer layer or base cloth layer then are one or more nanofibers or fine fiber layer.This pattern, with described efficient substrate layer combination before, the fine fibre material can be in pre-spinning step electrostatic spinning to thick, on nonwoven or the base cloth.In addition, described base cloth layer can make up with described efficient layer, nanofiber or fine fiber layer can be added on the described prefabricated base cloth substrate layer then.Described base cloth can be treated, and is antibiotic to comprise, kill the virus or other ability to reduce the colony of infectious agent.

Generally, commercial available fabric can be used as thick holder.Polyester, nylon and other suitable materials can be used as reticulated or base cloth.Preferably, described material comprises base cloth, the efficient of removing 0.78 micron particles when testing according to ASTM1215 is about 10% or lower or 4% or lower, uses enough fine fibres thereon and is at least 10% or higher so that the synthetic efficient of removing above-mentioned 0.78 micron particles to be provided.This layout, preferably the crude fibre fabric is to have infiltrative material, does not have fine fiber layer on it, less than 2000ft ³-min ^-1, common scope is at about 10-100ft when testing according to ASTM D-737 ³-min ^-1Between.A kind of such fabric is Reemay 2011, can be from Old Hickory, and the Reemay company of Ind.37138 buys.Generally, it comprises 0.7oz/yd ²Spunbond polyester.In addition, can use Veratec level 9408353, spunbond polypropylene.Described thick holder comprises that diameter is the matrix of the polyester fiber of 25-35 micron.

The detailed description of some accompanying drawing

Fig. 1 represents graphical data, shows with other filtering materials to compare, and filtering material is cleaning the resistance increase of back to air stream repeatedly.But the fine fiber layer that increases on the shown in this application slab construction has significantly strengthened the cleaning capacity of glass fiber material.The less increase that " cleaning " pressure falls shows when cleaning has removed more substantial dust and dirt from fiber of the present invention.

After Fig. 2 was illustrated in and uses repeatedly and clean, the dust of described medium and dirt confining force can return to low-level.In experiment of the present invention, after the loading of dust and dirt and cleaning were carried out three circulations, the HEPA material was held obviously more dust than fine fibre HEPA layer and PTFE material.Described fine fibre stratiform material is realized the surface loading, and because dust and dirt mainly remain on the fine fiber layer surface, described dirt is easy to remove, but causes outstanding cleaning capacity.

Fig. 3 represents to compare with other filtering material repetitive cycling, the cleaning capacity of material of the present invention or dust useful load.Before the final pressure that reaches test fell, the dust of fine fibre stratiform medium of the present invention and PTFE material capture and dirt were obviously more than the HEPA glass fiber material.In other words, fine fibre is used in the replacement scheme of the lower cost on the efficient medium, has obtained the dust collection capacity suitable with more expensive PTFE material.

Fig. 6 represents graphical data, and expression PTFE fiberglass media is returning to aspect the initial condition not as multilayer dielectricity.Fig. 4-6 expression layered medium of the present invention (Fig. 4) demonstrates fabulous dust collection capacity under experiment condition, can be cleaned and return to substantially new condition, reproduces the fabulous filtering characteristic of original material.But glass fibre HEPA filter shown in Figure 5 and PTFE medium shown in Figure 6 all can not obtain fabulous cleaning capacity, and can not return to the high-pass filter characteristic after three clean cycle.

Referring to Fig. 7 and 8, show a filtration members 70 with perspective view and cutaway view form.Generally, filtration members 70 comprises the first and second relative end caps 71,72, tubulose, pref. cylindrical construction of filter media 73 is extended betwixt.Described dielectric structure defines open filter interior 74, and it also is equivalent to clean air conduit or hyperbaric chamber in use.The tubular structure of corrugated filter medium 73 is fixed or is bonded on the end cap 71,72.In shown filtration members 70, also have an inner support pipe or lining 75 and external support pipe or lining 76.Each lining 75,76 helps to provide the structural intergrity or the support of medium 73.

Referring to Fig. 9, be illustrated among the figure on the described structure and add fine fiber layer, make that remarkable reduction falls in pressure after use and reverse impulse cleaning.Pressure shown in the figure falls low more, then the life-span long more, filtration parameter is good more.

In Figure 10, generally with 103 schematic diagrames that show system.System 130 is a kind of examples of system type, wherein can use air filter arrangement as herein described and structure.In Figure 10, schematically illustrated equipment 131 as the vehicles, has engine 132, has some clear and definite specified air stream requirement, for example, and 370cfm at least.Equipment 131 can comprise bus, the highway truck, and off-road vehicle, trailer, or ship equipment are as motorboat.Engine 132 supply arrangements 131 power use air, fuel mixture.In Figure 10, air stream is shown sucks engine 132 by air inlet zone 133.Be shown in dotted line optional turbogenerator 134, entered engine 132 as promoting air alternatively.Air cleaner 135 has medium bag 136 to be positioned at the upstream of engine 132 and turbogenerator 134.Generally, when work, air is inhaled into air cleaner 135 along direction shown in the arrow 137, and by medium bag 136.There, particle and pollutant are removed from air.The air that purifies flows into air inlet 133 along arrow 137.Therefrom, air inflow engine 132 is for the vehicles 131 provide power.

In engine system, during engine operation, the temperature below the hood is generally at least 120 ℉, and often according to condition of work in the scope of 140 ℉-220 ℉ or higher.Described temperature may have a negative impact to the operating efficiency of filtration members.Regulation to discharging has increased restriction to engine exhaust, causes temperature further to improve.Explain as following, to intercept medium and at least one individual layer, under some occasion, the formal construction filter medium of the synthetic of multilayer " fine fibre ", can improve the characteristic (particularly operating efficiency) of described filtration members, surpassing is not the existing filtration members of constructing with described dielectric composition.

Referring to Figure 11.Figure 11 is the perspective view of first kind of embodiment of medium bag 140.Shown preferred medium bag 140 comprises filter medium 142 and sealing system 144.In preferred structure, described filter medium 142 is designed to, simultaneously sealing system 144 is designed to medium bag 140 is sealed on shell or the duct wall, referring to Figure 13 such as removing particle in the air from the fluid by filter medium 142.

Medium bag shown in Figure 11-14 140 is substantially at U.S. Patent number 6,190, and 432 have description, are incorporated into this paper at this.

In some preferably installed, filter medium 142 can be set up straight-through flow." straight-through flow " is meant that filter medium 142 is configured to structure 146, it has first stream interface 148 (being equivalent to arrival end in shown embodiment) and relative second stream interface 150 (being equivalent to the port of export in shown embodiment), fluid flows into by first stream interface 148 along a direction 152, and flows out from second stream interface 150 along identical direction 154.When using dead-beat-when flowing shell, generally, fluid can enter inlet by shell along a direction, enter filtration device structure 146 along equidirectional by first stream interface 148, leave filtration device structure 146 along equidirectional from second stream interface 150, and leave described shell along identical direction by housing outlet equally.

In Figure 11, the first shown stream interface 148 is plane and parallel with second stream interface 150.In other embodiments, first stream interface 148 and second stream interface 150 can be on-plane surfaces, for example, and frustoconical.In addition, first stream interface 148 and second stream interface 150 need not to be parallel to each other.

Generally, filtration device structure 146 should be a winding-structure.In other words, structure 146 generally includes filtering medium layer, and it fully or is repeatedly reeled around central point.Usually, described winding-structure can be to coil, and wherein filtering medium layer is rolled a series of circle around central point.In the device that uses the one-tenth volume structure of reeling, filtration device structure 146 can be the filter medium volume, normally permeable reeded filter medium.

Referring to Figure 12.Figure 12 is a perspective schematic view, and expression can be used for the operation principle of some preferable medium of filtration device structure of the present invention.In Figure 12, the groove structure of Z-medium is generally represented with 156.Preferably, groove structure 156 comprises: corrugated layer 157 has a plurality of grooves 158 and panel 160.Embodiment shown in Figure 11 illustrates two parts of panel 160,160A (on corrugated layer 157) and 160B (under corrugated layer 157).Usually, the preferable medium structure 162 that is used for device described herein comprises that corrugated layer 157 is fixed on bottom panel 160B.When this dielectric structure 162 was used for winding-structure, it was reeled around self usually, so that bottom panel 160B can cover the top of corrugated layer 157.The top that panel 160 covers described corrugated layer is represented with 160A.Should be appreciated that panel 160A and 160B are identical panels 160.

When using such dielectric structure 162, groove chamber 158 is preferred to constitute projection 164 and groove 166 alternately.Groove 166 and projection 164 are divided into row with groove and arrange down.In concrete structure shown in Figure 12, on arrange groove and constitute groove chamber 168 in downstream 178 sealings, and groove chamber 170 has its upstream extremity 181 sealings to form row's groove down.Groove chamber 170 is by 172 sealings of the first end ball, the part of the upstream extremity 181 of the groove between its filling groove plate 171 and the second panel 160B.Similarly, the downstream 178 of the second end ball, 174 other grooves 168 of sealing.

When using the medium made from the form of dielectric structure 162, during use, unfiltered fluid as air, enters groove chamber 168, shown in the arrow 176 of band shade.Upstream extremity 169 openings of groove chamber 168.The fluid stream of filtered does not allow the downstream 178 by groove chamber 168, because their downstream 178 is by 174 sealings of the second end ball.Therefore, fluid is forced through concave-board 171 or panel 160 is handled.When the fluid of filtered by concave-board 171 or panel 160, described fluid is cleaned or filters.The fluid that purifies is with not representing with the arrow 180 of shade.Described fluid by groove chamber 170 (their upstream extremity 181 sealings), with the downstream 184 that flows through opening, flows out groove structure 156 then.Adopt shown structure, the fluid of filtered can flow through concave-board 171, top panel 160A, or lower panel 160B, and enter groove chamber 170.

Usually, can prepare dielectric structure 162, reeling then forms the winding-structure 146 of filter medium.When selecting to use such medium, the dielectric structure of being prepared 162 comprises corrugated board 157, is fixed to lower panel 160B (referring to Figure 23, but not having top panel 160A among the figure) with end ball 172.

Refer again to Figure 11.In Figure 11, schematically show second stream interface 150.Some 182, wherein said groove comprises openend 184 and blind end 178.Should be understood that the whole stream interface 150 of these part 182 representatives.For clear for simplicity, at the remainder 183 of stream interface 150 described groove is not shown.The last plane and the lower plan view of the medium bag 140 that uses in system described here and the device, and side view is on February 26th, 1999 in the applying date, title is the application stage of equally still locating of the filtration members ＂ (Filter Element Having SealingSystem) of ＂ with sealing system, the common Application No. of transferring the possession of 29/101, shown in 193, be incorporated into this paper at this.

Referring to Figure 13, shown filtration device structure 146 is installed in the shell 186 (it can be to enter the engine of air cleaner 179 or the part of turbine air inlet pipe).In shown device, air flows into shell 186 at 187 places, by filtration device structure 146, and leaves shell 186 at 188 places.When the filtration device structure 46 of dielectric structure such as shown type is used on conduit or the shell 186, need sealing system 144 to flow through dielectric structure 146 rather than walk around it to guarantee air.

Shown concrete sealing system 144 comprises frame structure 190 and seal member 192.When using such sealing system 144, frame structure 190 provide the structural supports or support, seal member 192 can be pressed thereon, to form radial seals 194 with conduit or shell 186.

Continuation is referring to Figure 13, and in shown specific embodiments, frame structure 190 comprises rigidity ledge 196, the outstanding or extension of at least a portion of its one of them from first and second stream interfaces 148,150 of filtration device structure 146.In concrete structure illustrated in fig. 13, rigidity ledge 196 extends axially from second stream interface 150 of filtration device structure 146.

Shown ledge 196 has a pair of relative side 198,102 to connect by distal point 104.In preferred the arrangement, one of them of first and second sides 198,102 can provide support or support seal member 192 so that selected

side

198 or 102 and the suitable surface of shell or conduit between form sealing 194.When using such structure, ledge 196 will be a continuous member, forms the circulus 106 (Figure 11) of sealing.

When using such structure, shell or conduit can limit ledge 196 and circulus 106 comprises seal member 192, to form sealing 194 between the inner surface 110 of the outside 102 of ledge 196 and shell or conduit.

In the specific embodiments shown in Figure 13, the same distal points 104 that engage ledges 196 of seal member 192 so that seal member 192 102 covers ledges 196 from the outside, covered distal point 104, and to medial surface 198.

Referring to Figure 11 and 13, framework 190 has a band shape, around, or sagging antelabium 107, it is used for framework 190 is fixed on dielectric structure 146.Sagging antelabium 107 is sagging or extend first distance downwards from cross-brace 108.

When using the framework 190 of this paper shown type, inside power is applied in around the framework 190.Cross-brace 108 support frames 190.Term ＂ supports ＂ and is meant that cross-brace 108 stops framework 190 and radially collapses owing to go up the effect of power around the framework 190.

Head portion 104 provides support for compressible seal member 192.Compressible seal member 192 preferably is configured and is positioned to and can compress fully, between the sidewall 110 with the head portion 104 that is compressed in framework 190 and shell or conduit.When fully compressing between head portion 104 and the sidewall 110, between medium bag 140 and sidewall 110, formed radial seal 194.

A kind of preferred setting of seal member 192 as shown in figure 14.Head portion 104 confining walls or the supporting construction of framework 190 can form radial seal 194 by compressible seal member 192 betwixt and near it.Compressible seal member 192 preferably is being no more than in the compression of sealing system 144 under the insertion pressure of 801bs. is enough to form radial seal, usually, insert pressure and be no more than 501bs., for example, about 20-401bs., and enough gently to make things convenient for and to be easy to the replacing of hand.

In preferred embodiment shown in Figure 14, seal member 192 is stepped cross-section structures, has diminishing most external size (during circle is diameter) from first end, 112 to second ends 113, so that obtain desirable sealing.Preferred descriptions to the section of ad hoc structure shown in Figure 14 is as follows: polyurethane foamed material has a plurality of (preferably at least three) and becomes big ladder gradually, is arranged to and sidewall 110 interfaces, and fluid-tight sealing is provided.

The gradient that compressible seal member 192 defining surface internal diameters strengthen gradually is with interface sidewall 110.Specifically, in example shown in Figure 14, compressible seal member 192 limits three ladders 114,115,116.Ladder 114,115,116 sectional dimension or width be with ladder 114,115, the increase of second end 113 of the compressible seal member 192 of 116 distances and increasing.Second end, 113 places make it be easy to insert conduit or shell than minor diameter.First end, 112 places guarantee to seal closely than major diameter.

Generally, medium bag 140 can be arranged and be arranged to sidewall 110 pressure fitted with shell 186 or conduit.In specific embodiments shown in Figure 13, compressible seal member 192 is crushed between the head portion 104 of sidewall 110 and framework 190.After compression, compressible seal member 192 oppose side walls 110 apply power, because compressible seal member 192 attempts outwards to be expanded to its original state, have formed radial seal 94 between head portion 104 and sidewall 110.

Multiple shell can use with medium bag 140.In specific embodiments shown in Figure 13, shell 186 comprises the main element or the first shell chamber 118, and the detachable lid or the second shell chamber 120.In some structure, the first shell chamber 118 is fixed on the object, as truck.The second shell chamber 120 removably is fixed on the first shell chamber 118 by locking device 122.

In the embodiment depicted in fig. 13, second end 150 of medium bag 140 is with the framework 190 and the compressible seal member 192 that adhere to insert the first shell chamber 118.Medium bag 140 enters in the first shell chamber 118 by interference fit, so that compressible seal member 192 is crushed between the sidewall 110 of the head portion 104 of framework 190 and the first shell chamber 118, to form radial seal 194 betwixt.

When using structure shown in Figure 13, fluid enters casing assembly 185 at the entrance area 124 of the second shell chamber 120 along direction shown in 187.Fluid is by filtration device structure 146.Along with fluid passes through filtration device structure 146, pollutant is removed from fluid.Described fluid flows out casing assembly 185 at exit region 128 along direction shown in 188.The compressible seal member 192 of sealing system 144 forms radial seal 194, is not at first passing through outflow from casing assembly 185 under the situation of filtration device structure 146 with antipollution fluid.

Figure 15 is the perspective view of another embodiment of medium bag 130.In shown structure, medium bag 130 comprises filter medium 132 and sealing system 134.Filter medium 132 is designed to from the fluid by filter medium 132, such as removing pollutant in the air.Sealing system 134 is designed so that filter medium 134 and shell or conduit sealing.

The structure of medium bag 130 and geometry shown in Figure 15-16 except the preferred medium prescription that below H part is provided, at U.S. Patent number 6,190, have description in 432, are incorporated into this paper at this.

In some preferred structure, filter medium 132 is configured to filtration device structure 136, has first stream interface 138 and the second relative stream interface 140.

Filtration device structure 136 can have multiple structure and cross sectional shape.In specific embodiments illustrated in fig. 15, filtration device structure 136 has noncircular cross section, and especially, the embodiment of filtration device structure 136 shown in Figure 15 has circle or ＂ runway ＂ cross sectional shape in opposite directions.＂ runway ＂ cross sectional shape is meant that filtration device structure 136 comprises the first and second semicircle ends 141,142, links together by a pair of straight section 143,144.

In Figure 15, some part 146 shows groove, comprises opening and blind end, should be understood that this part or segment 146 representative whole stream interfaces 140 (and first stream interface 138).For clear and for simplicity, groove is not shown at the remainder 149 of stream interface 140.The last plane and the lower plan view that can be used for the medium bag 130 in system described herein and the structure, and side view is being in application stage and the common U.S. Patent application serial number of transferring the possession of 29/101 equally, 193, the applying date is on February 26th, 1999, title be ＂ have sealing system filtration members ＂ (Filter Element Having Sealing System) in description is arranged, be incorporated into this paper at this.

For embodiment shown in Figure 11, medium bag 130 comprises sealing system 134.In preferred structure, sealing system 134 comprises framework 148 and seal member 150.

Framework 148 has non-circular, for example, and circular in opposite directions (part circular and rectangle), particularly runway shape, and be arranged and be arranged to be connected to the end of filter medium 132.Especially, framework 148 has band shape or ring-type or sagging antelabium 151, and it is run-track shaped substantially.Sagging antelabium 151 is sagging or extend a segment distance downwards on the cross-brace 152, and is used to framework 148 is fixed on the medium bag 130.

When using shown structure, the periphery of framework 148 is applied in inside power.Inside power is applied on the semicircle end 141,142 can cause straight section 143,144 archwises or bending.Provide cross-brace 152 to provide structural rigidity and to the support of straight section 143,144.Referring to Figure 26, shown specific cross-brace 152 has constituted the purlin construction system 154 between relative straight section 143,144.Purlin construction system 154 comprises a plurality of rigid support 156, and preferably the remainder with framework 148 is molded as single.

The structure of framework 148 and framework 90 are similar.Therefore, framework 148 comprises head portion 158 (Figure 16).In preferred structure, head portion 158 plays a part annular seal to be supported.

Preferably, medium bag 130 is installed in conduit or the air filter housing.In Figure 16, shown shell is a two piece enclosure, comprises lid 160 and main element 162.Lid 160 limits air flow inlet 164.Main element 162 limits air stream outlet 166.Described shell also comprises the preceding filter structure 167 that is positioned at medium bag 130 upstreams, as at U.S. Patent number 2,887, and 177 and 4,162, disclosed in 906, be incorporated into this paper at this.In a kind of structure that illustrates, preceding filter structure 167 is in lid 160.Lid 160 comprises dust displacer 168, discharges dust and chip in the filter 167 before being collected in.

Compressible seal member 150 is crushed between the head portion 158 of sidewall 170 and framework 150.Because medium bag 130 is interference fits, compressible seal member 150 is crushed between framework 148 (specifically, in shown specific embodiments, being head portion 158) and the sidewall 170.After compression, because compressible seal member 150 attempts outwards to expand into its original state, compressible seal member 150 oppose side walls 170 apply power, form radial seal 171 with sidewall 170.

The optimization formula of medium 132 is as mentioned below.

Another kind of filter for installation has been shown among Figure 17, has generally represented with 174.Except following described preferable medium prescription, filter for installation 174 is at U.S. Patent number 5,820, description arranged in 646, is incorporated into this paper at this.

Filter for installation 174 comprises the medium bag 176 in being installed in, and is supported by platy structure 178.Filter for installation 174 also comprises shell 180, and it comprises main body 181 and removable cap parts 182.Platy structure 178 is sealed in medium bag 176 in the shell 180, and can take out from shell and change.

Medium bag 176 comprises structure shown in Figure 22 such as above-mentioned reeded filter medium 184.

In Figure 18, the air inlet of gas turbine engine systems is with 200 expressions.Shown air-flow is inhaled into gas handling system 200 at arrow 201 places.Gas handling system 200 comprises a plurality of air filter arrangements 202, is fixed on usually on the tube sheet 203.In optimum decision system, tube sheet 203 is configured to relative vertical axis certain angle Fixed-Filter device 202.Preferred angle is the 5-25 degree, for example, and about 7 degree.This makes that fluid can be discharged when system 200 does not work from filter for installation 202.

Air purifies in air filter arrangement 202, flows to the downstream then and enters gas turbine powered generator 205 at arrow 204 places, be i.e. Fa Dian place.

In Figure 22, an example of the air inlet of Microturbine is with 210 expressions.Generally, Microturbine is the gas turbine of less version, is often used as stand-by generator.Under some occasion, described Microturbine is about 24 inches * 18 inches, and electric power output is generally 30 kilowatts-100 kilowatts.These systems have 1000cfm-10 usually, the air-flow of 000cfm.

In Figure 22, shown in air-flow be inhaled into gas handling system 211 at arrow 212 places.Gas handling system 211 comprises filter for installation 213.Along with air passes through filter for installation 213, air is cleaned in air filter arrangement 213, flows to the downstream then and enters gas turbine 215 at arrow 214 places.Gas turbine is generally generator subsequently, fluid compression engine, or the fluid pump provides power.Just as discussed below, filter for installation is configured to intercept medium and one deck at least, under some occasion, the form of the synthetic of multilayer ＂ fine fibre ＂, can improve the performance (particularly operating efficiency) of filter for installation, surpassing is not the existing filter of constructing with described dielectric composition.

An example of the air filter arrangement 202 that can be used in system 200 or the system 210 has been shown among Figure 19-21.Air filter arrangement 202 is at the common U.S.S.N.09/437 that transfers the possession of, and 867, the applying date is in the application on November 10th, 1999 description to be arranged, and is incorporated into this paper at this.Generally, air filter arrangement 202 comprises the first, or main filtration members 220 (Figure 19 and 21) and second filtration members 222 (Figure 20 and 21), and the latter plays a part fore filter.Term ＂ fore filter ＂ be meant separator is placed on main, the upstream of primary filtration members 220, it is removed bulky grain from air-flow.Described main filtration members 220 and preposition filtration members 222 preferably are fixed in the collar tube sub-assembly 224, and it is removably mounted in the hole 226 of tube sheet 203.Generally, air-flow is inhaled into system 200, and at first by preposition filtration members 222, then by main filtration members 220.After leaving main filtration members 220, described air is imported into generator 205.

Generally, parts 220 are formed by reeded or z-shape medium 230 structures, as top in conjunction with Fig. 2 and 3 shown.In Figure 19, should be understood that, exit face 228 be with the signal form shown in.In other words, a part that only shows exit face 228 has groove.Should be understood that in exemplary systems, whole exit face 228 all is reeded.

Filtration members 220 has first end 232 and second opposed end 234.In structure illustrated in fig. 19, first end 232 is equivalent to upstream extremity inlet face 227, and second end 234 is equivalent to downstream exit face 228.Straight-through flow makes gas flow into first end 232, and leaves second end 234, so that it is identical with the airflow direction that leaves second end 234 to enter the airflow direction of first end 232.The mode of straight-through flow can reduce the amount of turbulence in the air-flow.

Medium 230 can be the polyester synthetic medium, uses cellulose, or the medium made of the mixtures of material of these types, and handles with fine fibre.

Preferably, preposition filtration members 222 is the structures 236 that fold, and comprises a plurality of independently folding 237.Folding 237 arrange in the zigzag mode.Preferred preposition filtration members 222 generally has circular cross-section.

Preposition filtration members 222 is configured to allow straight-through flow.In other words, air-flow directly by preposition filtration members 222, is entered by inlet face 238, and leaves from the exit face 239 that is oppositely arranged, and wherein fluid flows to into the wander about as a refugee direction of leaving actinal surface 239 of the direction of inlet face 238 and fluid identical.

In some preferred embodiment, have at least 15 to fold 237, be no more than 80 and fold 237, be generally 30-50 folding 237.Folding structure 236 usefulness media 240 are made, and are folding around the form at center 241 with folding 237.The useful type of medium 240 comprises glass fibre, or other air-laid medium.The concrete property of operable medium 240 comprises: dry filter medium into the net, make by the polyester fiber of random orientation, and be 2.7-3.3oz./yd to form weight ³(92-112g/m ³) net; Free thickness (that is the thickness under 0.002psi pressure) is 0.25-0.40 inch (6.4-10.2mm); Permeability is 400ft./min (122m/min) at least.

Generally, preposition filtration members 222 can be removably and is installed in replaceably on the collar tube sub-assembly 224.Collar tube sub-assembly 224 will be discussed in more detail below.In some system, by squeeze or the distal point of piezodielectric 240 in the madial wall of collar tube sub-assembly 224, preposition filtration members 222 is fixed in the collar tube sub-assembly 224.

It is fixing and limit main filtration members 220 to have a collar tube sub-assembly 224 according to the preferred filter for installation 202 of principle manufacturing of the present invention.Generally, collar tube sub-assembly 224 is fixed main filter element 220 on the throne in system 200.Preferred collar tube sub-assembly 224 is also fixing on the throne in the upstream of main filtration members 220 with preposition filtration members 222.

Referring to Figure 19 and 20, collar tube sub-assembly 224 preferably has the cross-sections match of a cross section and main filtration members.Collar tube sub-assembly 224 comprises perisporium 244, and curve form is to form chow ring 245.Preferably main relatively filtration members 220 orientations of collar tube sub-assembly 224 are so that the axial length of main filtration members 220 extends at least 30%.In a lot of typical structures, collar tube sub-assembly 224 can make the axial length of main filtration members 220 extend beyond 50%.In fact, in the most preferred embodiment, collar tube sub-assembly 224 can make the axial length of main filtration members 220 extend whole at least length (promptly 100%).In a lot of typical cases used, the radius of collar tube sub-assembly 224 was at least 10 inches, is generally the 15-30 inch, and under some occasion, is no more than 50 inches.

Collar tube sub-assembly 224 preferable configuration and arrangement have sealing system, so that main filtration members 220 is fixed on the tube sheet 203, suppresses air and walk around main filtration members 220.In shown embodiment, collar tube sub-assembly 224 comprises seal member pressure flange 246.Flange 246 is to small part, and in a lot of embodiments the wall 244 of annular sleeve parts 224 fully.Seal member pressure flange 246 supports seal member 248 as holder, so that form sealing 250 between flange 246 and tube sheet 203.Flange 246 radially extends from the wall 244 of collar tube sub-assembly 224, and fully around seal member 224.Flange 246 radially extends a distance from wall 244 is enough to support seal member 248.

Sheet folder or geometrical clamp 252 (Figure 19) extend through joint 254 are to be fixed on its final structure with collar tube sub-assembly 224.Preferably, geometrical clamp 252 is fixed on the collar tube sub-assembly 224 in permanent mode; For example, fix by ultrasonic bonding.

Referring to Figure 21.As can be seen, flange 246 is supported on axial sides 256 with seal member 248.Seal member 248 generally includes circular pads 258.Liner 258 preferably is fixed on the flange 246 by the binder between the side 256 of liner 258 and flange 246.Liner 258 is placed on the flange 246, so that liner 258 complete surrounding wall 244 and main filtration members 220.

Shown structure also comprises collar tube sub-assembly 224 is clipped in system on the tube sheet 203.In shown embodiment, described clamping system comprises a plurality of latches and anchor clamps 260.Enough latches and anchor clamps 260 should be arranged,, seal 250 closely when collar tube sub-assembly 224 operationally is installed in tube sheet 203, between flange 246 and tube sheet 203, to form well; For example, be depicted as 4 anchor clamps 260.In Figure 32, show the cross section of anchor clamps 260.Each anchor clamps 260 comprises lever 261, protuberance 262, and plate 263.Plate 263 comprises the hole, is used to hold the fixed part such as bolt 264, so that anchor clamps 260 are fixed on the tube sheet 203.Protuberance 262 is used for flange 246 is exerted pressure, and seal member 248 is pressed on the tube sheet 203.Lever 261 be used for optionally mobile protuberance 262 towards with away from tube sheet 203.In other embodiments, anchor clamps 260 can be hand-tight make-ups, as using wing nut.

In typical work, filter for installation 202 has total pressure to fall, and is about 0.6-1.6 inch water.This comprises main filtration members 220 and fore filter 222.Usually, singly be that the pressure of fore filter 222 falls and can be about 0.2-0.6 inch water, and the pressure of main filtration members 220 itself fall and are about 0.4-1 inch water.

Another example that can be used for the air filter arrangement 213 in system 304 or the system 302 has been shown among Figure 23-25.Except the following preferred medium prescription that provides, described air filter arrangement is at the common U.S. Patent application serial number of transferring the possession of 09/593,257, and the applying date is in the application on June 13rd, 2000 description to be arranged, and is incorporated into this paper at this.

Figure 24 illustrates decomposition, unassembled filter for installation 213, and Figure 14 illustrates and assembles operable filter for installation 213.Generally, air filter arrangement 213 comprises mist separator 270, filter assemblies 272 and filter housing 274.When assembling was used, filter housing 274 was fixed in the tube sheet 276 usually.Preferably, by filter housing 274 is welded on the tube sheet 276, perhaps, filter housing 274 is fixed in the tube sheet 276 by filter housing 274 being fixed on the tube sheet 276 with bolt.

When assembling, access door 278 provides the inlet that enters filter for installation 213, and allows air to be inhaled into system 302.Generally, access door 278 is designed and is configured to the particular shell of applicable system, system 302 as shown in figure 33, and it is installed in this system and the inlet that enters filter for installation 213 is provided when assembling.Access door 278 also is designed and is configured to allow air to enter the system 210 of Figure 22.

Access door 278 preferably includes and comprises gas-flow resistance device 280.Generally, gas-flow resistance device 280 is introduced filter for installation 213 along specific direction with air stream, to reduce the resistance by system 302.Gas-flow resistance device 280 also helps to reduce noise.In embodiment shown in Figure 34, the gas-flow resistance device is illustrated by a plurality of gillis 282.Gillis 282 also helps protection system 210 to prevent that large-sized object and moisture from entering system 302, referring to Figure 22.Gillis 282 also helps to reduce noise.

The moisture that enters in the air-flow may destroy the integrality of filter assemblies 272, and damages, and promptly causes the internal mechanism of system 302 to get rusty.In order to address this problem, filter for installation comprises mist separator 270.Generally, mist separator 270 separated and collection moisture from the air stream that enters before air arrives filter assemblies 272.In one embodiment, mist separator 270 comprises a plurality of tabular screen clothes, for example, and woven wire.

Generally, before the internal mechanism that enters system 302, filter assemblies 272 is removed pollutant from the air stream 212 that enters, see Figure 33.Preferably, filter assemblies 272 is designed to allow straight-through flow, directly by filter assemblies 272, enters inlet face 284, and leave from the exit face 285 that is oppositely arranged, wherein fluid flows to into the wander about as a refugee direction of leaving actinal surface 285 of the direction of inlet face 284 and fluid identical.

Filter assemblies 272 comprises medium bag 286, is rolled into cylindric forming by reeded medium 288, as mentioned in conjunction with Figure 11 and 23 described.Medium 288 can be the polyester synthetic medium, the medium made from the mixtures of material of cellulose or these types, and handle with fine fibre cover layer or fine fiber layer.Preferred medium prescription is provided below.

Shown filter assemblies 272 comprises extraction mechanism 290.Extraction mechanism 290 is configured to allow the user to take out filter assemblies 272 easily from filter housing 274.In shown scheme, extraction mechanism 290 comprises handle 292 and keeps mechanism 294 (Figure 23).Usually, handle 292 is knobs 296.In device shown in Figure 23, keep mechanism 294 and comprise bolt 298 that is connected to knob 296 and the nut 299 that is positioned at the bolt other end.In addition, extraction mechanism and described filter medium core can be an integral body.

Generally, filter housing 274 is configured to hold and Fixed-Filter assembly 272, and helps and filter assemblies 272 sealings.In device shown in Figure 16, filter housing 274 comprises transition region 302, and outer wall 304 tilts to be at least at angle 10 degree relatively, preferred 10-210 degree, most preferably 15 degree.Transition region 302 helps to seal filter assemblies 272, will be described in more detail hereinafter.

Filter housing 274 also comprises fitting flange 306.Fitting flange 306 is fixed on filter housing 274 on the tube sheet 276 by fixture (for example bolt).Filter housing 274 also comprises retention device 308.Retention device 308 places filter assemblies 272 in the filter housing 274, and is too dark to prevent that filter assemblies 272 is pushed in the filter housing 274.Retention device 308 also helps to guarantee the suitable seal between filter assemblies 272 and the filter housing 274.

Retention device 308 comprises obstacle 310.Preferably, obstacle 310 is enough to stop filter assemblies 272 to walk around obstacle 310 from outer wall 304 outstanding segment distances.In use, filter assemblies 272 rests on the upper surface 311 of obstacle 310.

Filter assemblies 272 also comprises gasket seal 312.Gasket seal 312 is sealed in filter assemblies 272 in the filter housing 274, stops air from entering system 302 between filter assemblies 272 and the filter housing 274 and walking around filter assemblies 272.Guaranteed that like this air stream is fully by filter assemblies 272.In shown system, gasket seal 312 extends around the radial edges of filter assemblies 272.In one embodiment, gasket seal 312 comprises closed cell foamed plastic; Certainly, gasket seal 312 can comprise other suitable materials.

In use, the joint 314 between gasket seal 312 sealing filter assemblies 272 and the filter housing 274.When mounted, filter assemblies 272 is inserted filter housing 274, rest on the obstacle 310 up to terminal 315.Because filter assemblies 272 has been installed, gasket seal 312 is compressed between filter assemblies 272 and the filter housing 274 in transition region 302, sealed engagement place 314.

In when assembling, filter housing 274 slips into tube sheet 276, rests on the tube sheet 276 up to the fitting flange 306 of filter housing 274.Then, filter assemblies 272 is placed in the filter housing 274.Filter assemblies 272 slips into filter housing 274, rests on the obstacle 310 up to the end 315 of filter assemblies 272.Gasket seal 312 part pressurizeds, and filter assemblies 272 is closely fixing with filter housing 274.

When work, filter for installation 213 uses as follows: need filtered air direction along arrow 212 in system 302 to be introduced into gas handling system 211.Air flows through filter assemblies 272.Described air enters from inlet face 284, by reeded structure 288, and leaves by exit face 285.Therefrom, described air enters turbine or generator 215.

Figure 26 is with 330 schematically illustrated fuel cell air inlets.As shown in figure 26, atmosphere or surrounding air 331 333 enter filter assemblies 332 by entering the mouth.Before entering filter assemblies 332, atmosphere 331 is the dirty air that have various physics (for example particle) and chemical pollutant.Filter assemblies 332 is removed all contaminations from dirty air, discharge from filter assemblies 332 so that clean air 334 to be provided.Clean air 334 is air inlets of fuel cell 335, is used to generating.

Continuation is referring to Figure 26, and along with the inlet 333 of dirty air by shell 336, atmosphere 331 enters filter assemblies 332, and advances to dirty air one side 337 of filtration members 338.When described air arrived clean air one side 339 by filtration members 338, pollutant was filtered part 338 and removes, so that filtered air 334 to be provided.Filtered air 334 passes through the outlet 340 discharge filter assemblies 332 of shell 336, and is used by equipment 341.

Filter assemblies 332 also optionally comprises noise suppressed part 342, with the noise or the sound levels of reduction or suppression equipment 341.Suppress part 342 and can be installed in the shell 336, and in certain embodiments, suppress part 342 and limit by shell 336.

Equipment 341 comprises compressor 343, and it provides air to fuel cell 335, is used for catalytic reaction.Compressor 343 makes a noise, and in 3 hertz of-30,000 hertz of scopes, sometimes up to 50,000 hertz, the decibel that distance is 1 meter is in the 85-110dB level usually.Suppress part 342, the noise level that the upstream is sent from compressor 343 reduces 3dB at least, 6dB at least usually, preferably 25dB at least.

Fuel cell 335 receives hydrogen fuel 345, sends water and carbon dioxide 346 accessory substances, and produces electric power 347.Generally, the device that fuel cell is made up of two electrodes (anode and negative electrode) is added with electrolyte between electrode.The fuel that contains hydrogen flows to anode, discharges the hydrogen electronics here, stays positively charged ion.Described electronics moves by external circuit, and its intermediate ion is propagated by electrolyte.At negative electrode, electronics combines with hydrogen ion and oxygen and forms water and carbon dioxide by-product.Common oxygen source is an air.In order to accelerate cathode reaction, use catalyst usually.The catalyst that is usually used in fuel cell reaction comprises nickel, platinum, palladium, cobalt, caesium, neodymium and other rare earth metals.Reactant in the fuel cell is hydrogen fuel and oxidant.

Usually, ＂ low-temperature fuel cell ＂ about 70-100 ℃ temperature, works down up to 200 ℃ usually sometimes.High-temperature fuel cell is not too responsive to chemical contamination usually, because they have higher operating temperature.But, high-temperature fuel cell is to the chemical contamination sensitivity of particle pollution and some forms, and therefore, high-temperature fuel cell can benefit from the disclosed filtering characteristic of this paper.One type low-temperature fuel cell is commonly referred to as ＂ PEM ＂, is to be used for the PEM name according to them.The example of other various types of fuel batteries that can be used in combination with filter assemblies of the present invention comprises, for example, and U.S. Patent number 6,110,611; 6,117,579; 6,103,415; With 6,083,637, its content is incorporated into this paper at this.Various fuel cells can obtain by the commercial channel, for example, and Ballard PowerSystems, Inc.of Vancouver, Canada; International fuel cells, of Connecticut; ProtonEnergy Systems, Inc.of Rocky Hill, CT; American fuel cell Corp.of Massachusetts; Siemans AG of Erlangen, Germany; Energy Partners, L.C.of Florida; General Motorsof Detroit, MI; And Toyota Motor Corporation of Japan.

Below disclosed filter assemblies before air is used to operation of fuel cells, from atmospheric air, remove pollutant.As following illustrated, intercepting medium and individual layer at least, the formal construction filter assemblies of the synthetic of multilayer under some occasion " fine fibre " can improve the performance (particularly operating efficiency) of described filter assemblies.Described fine fibre is handled and help improving filter clogging effect in most of filter geometry and environment.Surpass under some adverse circumstances of 120 ℉ at filter temperature, comprise low temperature and high-temperature fuel cell, fine fibre is able to take and provides the filter life of prolongation usually.

Figure 27 represents can be used for the filter assemblies 350 of system shown in Figure 26.Filter assemblies 350 comprises shell 352, and it limits inlet 354 and outlet 356.Dirty air 354 enters filter assemblies 350 by entering the mouth, and clean air leaves by exporting 356.

Place in the shell 352 is filtration members 358 and noise suppressed part 360.Suppress part 360 and comprise first resonator 361 and second resonator 362.The peak that first resonator 361 is designed to weaken about 900Hz, the peak that second resonator 362 is designed to weaken about 550Hz.

Filtration members 358 shown in Figure 27 is substantially to be similar to filtration members structure 40 (Figure 22) structure.Therefore, it includes the medium bag 364 of groove medium 366 (as described in conjunction with Fig. 3), is wound into filtration members 358.

When filtration members 358 and dead-beat-when the shell 352 that flows uses, air can enter inlet 354 by shell 352 with a direction, enter filtration members 358 with equidirectional by first stream interface 368, leave filtration members 358 with equidirectional from second stream interface 370, and leave shell 352 with equidirectional by exporting 356 equally.

For embodiment shown in Figure 11 and 24, form radial seal 372 by the gasket seal between the interior sealing surfaces 378 that is compressed in framework 376 and shell 374.

Filter assemblies 350 preferably also comprise a part be designed to by or absorption or absorb the pollutant of removing in the atmosphere.In this article, term " absorption " (＂ adsorb ＂), " absorption " (＂ adsorption ＂), the implication of " adsorbent " (＂ adsorbent ＂) etc. also comprises absorption and adsorbing mechanism.

Chemical scavenging partly generally includes physics or chemisorbed material, for example, and the material of drier (that is the material of absorption or absorption water or steam) or absorption or absorption VOC and/or sour gas and/or alkaline gas.Term " sorbent material " (＂ adsorbent material ＂), " sorbing material " (＂ adsorption material ＂), " material of absorption " (＂ adsorptive material ＂), " absorber material " (＂ absorbent material ＂), " absorbing material " (＂ absorption material ＂), " material of absorption " (＂ absorptive material ＂), and any version, be intended to comprise any material of removing chemical pollutant by absorption or absorption.Suitable absorbing material comprises, for example, and active carbon, NACF, impregnated carbon, activated alumina, molecular sieve, ion exchange resin, ion-exchange fibre, silica gel, aluminium oxide, and silica.Above-mentioned any material can with such as potassium permanganate, calcium carbonate, potash, sodium carbonate, calcium sulfate, citric acid, or the combination of its mixture material, covering or dipping.In certain embodiments, described sorbing material can with second kind of combination of materials or dipping.

Sorbing material generally includes particulate or granular material, and can be with particulate, ball, and fiber, fine powder, nanostructured, nanotube, the form of aeroge exists, and perhaps can be used as covering and be used for basic material, as Ceramic Balls, overall structure, paper medium, or metal surface.Usually, sorbing material, particularly particulate or granular material provide as material bed.

In addition, sorbing material can integral body or monomeric form moulding, as big tablet, and particle, ball, or folding or honeycomb structure can be selected further shaping.At least under some occasion, the sorbing material of described shaping length of life normal at filter assemblies or expection keeps its shape substantially.The sorbing material of described shaping can be used free flowing granule material and solid-state or liquid binder be combined into, then it is configured as the non-goods that flow freely.The sorbing material of described shaping can pass through, and is for example molded, compression molded, or extrusion process is made.For example, the absorbent articles of shaping exists, and for example, discloses in the U.S. Patent number 5,189,092 (Koslow) and 5,331,037 (Koslow), is incorporated into this paper at this.

Being used to provide the binder of molded article to do, in other words, is powder and/or particle form, and perhaps described binder can be a liquid, solvate, or the binder that disperses.Some binder as moisturecuring carbamate and the material that is commonly referred to as " heat fusing thing ", can directly be applied on the described sorbing material by spray art.In certain embodiments, use interim liquid adhesive, be included in the solvent or the dispersant that can be removed in the molding process.Suitable binder comprises, for example, and latex, microcrystalline cellulose, polyvinyl alcohol, ethene-vinyl acetate polymer, starch, carboxymethyl cellulose, polyvinylpyrrolidone, dicalcium phosphate dihydrate, and sodium metasilicate.Preferably, the synthetic of moulding material comprises that weight is at least about 70%, and weight is no more than about 98% sorbing material usually.Under some occasion, the adsorbent of described shaping comprises that weight is 85-95%, preferred about 90% sorbing material.The adsorbent that is shaped generally includes weight and is not less than about 2% binder and weight and is no more than about 30% binder.

The another embodiment that is used for the suitable sorbing material of described chemical scavenging part is the sorbing material that comprises carrier.For example, twine or base cloth can be can be used for holding sorbing material and adhesive.Polyester and other suitable materials can be used as twine or base cloth.Usually, any carrier all is no more than the about 50% of sorbing material weight, and accounts for about 20-40% of adsorbent gross weight usually.Amount of binder in the shaping absorbent articles of band carrier accounts for about 10-50% of adsorbent gross weight usually, and the sorbing material amount accounts for about 20-60% of adsorbent gross weight usually.

Described chemical scavenging part can comprise that overbased materials is used to remove airborne acid contaminant, or the highly acid material is used to remove airborne alkaline pollutant, or comprises this two kinds of materials simultaneously.Preferably, described basic matterial and acid material are removed each other, so that they can not cancelled each other.In certain embodiments, sorbing material itself may be highly acid or overbased materials.Described examples of material comprises such as polymer beads, activated carbon media, zeolite, clay, silica gel, and metal oxide materials.In other embodiments, highly acid material and overbased materials can be used as surface coating on carrier, such as the graininess particulate, and ball, fiber, fine powder, nanotube, and aeroge.As an alternative or supplement, the acidity of formation acidity or basic surface and basic matterial can exist at least a portion of carrier; This can realize, for example, by with acidity or basic matterial to described carrier material covering or dipping.

Alkalescence and acid material all may appear at the chemical scavenging part of filtration members; But, preferably this material of two types is separated from each other, so that they can not react and neutralization each other each other.In certain embodiments, described basic matterial, acid material, or both, can separate such as active carbon by sorbing material.

Usually the example of acid compound that appears in the atmosphere and be considered to the pollutant of fuel cell comprises oxysulfide, nitrogen oxide, hydrogen sulfide, hydrogen chloride, and VFA and non-volatile organic acid.Usually the example of alkali compounds that appears in the atmosphere and be considered to the pollutant of fuel cell comprises ammonia, amine, acid amides, NaOH, lithium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, volatility organic base and non-volatile organic base.

For the PEM fuel cell, cathode reaction takes place under acid condition, because do not wish to exist alkaline pollutant.Being used to remove the example of the preferred material of alkaline pollutant, as ammonia, is the granular activated carbon bed that impregnated in citric acid.

Second example form with the segmentation cutaway view in Figure 39 that can be used for the filter assemblies in the system shown in Figure 37 illustrates as filter assemblies 380.Filter assemblies 380 comprises shell 382, limits inlet 384 and outlet 386.Dirty air 384 enters filter assemblies 380 by entering the mouth, and clean air leaves by exporting 386.Sound suppresses part 388 and comprises resonator 390.Filtration members 391 is installed in the shell 382, and is similar with filtration members 358.

Filter assemblies 380 also comprises adsorption element 392.Adsorption element 392 comprises a large amount of charcoals 393 that are positioned at the tubular between terminal 394,395.In shown assembly, a large amount of charcoals 393 are the hollow of active carbon, and circular extension 397 is kept together by thermoplastic adhesives.Charcoal 393 can according to, for example, U.S. Patent number 5,189,092 (Koslow) and the disclosed technology production of 5,331,037 (Koslow).At first end 394 sealing system 396 is installed, covers 398 and be equipped with at second end 395.

Sealing system 396 provides hermetic seal between adsorption element 392 and dividing plate 401.Sealing system 396 is designed to adsorption element 392 is sealed on the dividing plate 401, and under normal operation, suppresses air by the zone between the sidewall of adsorption element 392 and shell 382.Sealing system 396 suppresses air-flow, prevents its charcoal that passes through adsorption element 392 393.Sealing system 396 is normally used flexible, and compressible material is made as polyurethane.

Lid 398 makes the air diverts of leaving filtration members 358, so that it enters adsorption element 392 by charcoal 393, rather than the axial column extension by charcoal 393.Air impact from filtration members 391 is covered 398 exposed surface 402, and the path has flowing of radial component by mobile the changing into of ＂ straight line ＂.Lid 398 comprises the hole 404 in it, makes air by covering 398, so that air can arrive charcoal 393.Except handling air-flow, lid 398 is fixed on adsorption element 392 on the filtration members 391.

Adsorption element 392 plays a part the parts of chemical scavenging part and sound inhibition part 388 simultaneously.Other adsorption elements and absorbent material structure also can have chemical scavenging ability and sound and suppress ability.

Fine fibre material of the present invention can be used for multiple filter application, comprises pulse cleaning and non-pulse cleaning and filtering, is used for control of dust, gas turbine and engine intake or gas handling system; Gas turbine inlet air mouth or gas handling system, heavy-duty engine air inlet or gas handling system, light duty engine air inlet or gas handling system; Air in the vehicles (train, automobile, truck, the aircraft etc.) cabin; Air in the offroad vehicle cabin, disc driver air, duplicator-ink powder remover; The HVAC filter that is used for commerce or dwelling house filtration applications.When gas (fluid) passed through described filter, filter upstream one side was passed through diffusion and interception work, selected the particle of size in flowing with intercepting and capturing and reservation air-flow (fluid).Described particle is collected in upstream one side of filter with the form of dust piece.Simultaneously, the dust piece also begins to play a part filter, raises the efficiency.This phenomenon sometimes is known as ＂ Ageing Treatment ＂, i.e. the development of efficient has surpassed original efficient.

Filtration device structure of the present invention comprises that efficient medium of ground floor or substrate have first surface.The ground floor fine fiber media is fixed on the first surface of ground floor of efficient medium.Can separate fine fibre from efficient medium with a rough segmentation absciss layer.Preferably, infiltrative crude fibre material comprises that average diameter is at least 10 microns a fiber, usually and preferably approximately be 12 (or 14)-30 micron.Same preferred, the ground floor of permeability crude fibre material comprises that basic weight is no more than about 200g/m ²Medium, 0.50-150g/m preferably approximately ², 8g/m at least most preferably ²Preferably, the ground floor of permeability crude fibre medium at least 0.0005 inch (12 microns) is thick, and it is thick to be generally 0.0006-0.02 (15-500 micron), and it is thick to be preferably about 0.001-0.030 inch (25-800 micron).

In preferred structure, permeability crude fibre material layer comprises such material, if separate by the remainder of Frazier permeability test from this structure, can show the permeability of at least 1 meter/min, common and preferred 2-900 rice/min.Here, when mentioning efficient, except other has explanation, efficient is meant according to ASTM-1215-89,0.78 μ monodisperse polystyrene spherical particle, with 20fpm (6.1 meters/efficient min) measured, as described herein.

Preferably, the fine fiber layer material is nanometer and microfibre dielectric layer, and the fiber diameter of wherein said fiber is no more than about 2 microns, generally and preferably is no more than about 1 micron, common and preferred fibre diameter is less than 0.5 micron, and in the scope of about 0.05-0.5 micron.In addition, preferably, ground floor fine fibre material is fixed on the first surface of ground floor of permeability crude fibre material, its gross thickness is no more than about 30 microns, more preferably no more than 20 microns, be most preferably not exceeding about 10 microns, and common and preferred thickness is approximately 1-8 times (more preferably no more than 5 times) of the fine fibre average diameter of described layer.

Some preferred structure of the present invention comprises the filter medium of General Definition, in total filtration device structure.It is cylindrical that some preferred construction that is used for this purposes comprises that medium is arranged in, and the folding foldable structure of longitudinal extension substantially is promptly along the direction identical with the longitudinal axis of described column form.For described structure, described medium can be imbedded in the end cap, resembles traditional filter.If necessary, described structure can comprise upstream liner and downstream liner if desired, is used for purpose typically commonly used.

In some applications, medium of the present invention can with the medium of other types, for example conventional media is used in combination, to improve overall filtration performance or life-span.For example, medium of the present invention can be stacked together with conventional media, to be used for laminated construction; Perhaps dielectric structure is gone in combination (global facility), comprises one or more conventional media district.It can be used in the upstream of described medium, so that have good loading; And/or it can be used in the downstream of conventional media, as High-efficient Accurate Filter.

Some structure of the present invention also can be used in the fluid filter system, and promptly the granular materials that wherein will filter is carried in the liquid.In addition, some structure of the present invention can be used on the mist collector, for example is used for the device of the mist of filtered air.

The lateral flow membrane filtration technique utilizes the separation of fluid composition, by pellicle, by being exerted pressure and slipstream in described film surface.This comprises R/O, UF, nanofiltration and micro porous filtration technology.Basically, to flow through filter medium (closed end flow) different with all fluids of guiding, the described fluid thin-film material of flowing through; Some fluid flows through described thin-film material (not being too many-perhaps about 10%), therefore concentrated contaminated water thing in remaining liquid stream.The liquid stream of being flowed through can also be discharged any particle from dielectric surface, because film (and nanofiber) surface has loaded chip, and the shearing force of flowing liquid is enough discharged described particle.This type systematic is used to the band of various occasions-sometimes and concentrates the fluid stream of chip to be actually product (biochemistry or pharmaceutical processing); Under other occasions, concentrate described chip to cause the effluent of smaller size smaller processed/preservation.Sometimes described system also uses reverse impulse or vibration clean technologies, gets rid of " solids ".These filters are normally used for obtaining or concentrate valuable salt, albumen, and medicine etc., and distinguish and separate by molecular size.Adopt suitable douching technique, can prolong filter life and control cost.Because membrane filter is limited in source with particle, can be by changing flow direction (adverse current) washing and filtering device.A lot of membrane filters are feature with the lateral flow, and wherein most of fluid tangential motion is to described surface, clearing the pollution off, and avoid blocking filter.Have only the fluid of fraction (about 10%) to pass through filter as the infiltration that purifies.Flow through filter, as cartridge filter, the more difficult eliminating of described particle because they deeper are penetrated into filter center, are thrown away described filter usually and is changed a new filter ratio and attempt to upgrade described filter and save more money.Help contaminant exclusion and be worth removal process with lateral flow mode manipulation filter or filter membrane.By doing like this, pollutant that is excluded or valuable material are taken away continuously from described film surface, thereby have reduced the formation of concentrated layer, and make described film can not repel the material that enters, and keep high and flow, and allow liquid freely to flow.Although need carry out cleaned at regular intervals to film, the automatic cleaning character that lateral flow is filtered makes described film have attracting economically film service life.

Lateral flow operation belongs to a kind of in three types usually: ultrafiltration (UF), nanofiltration (NF), and hyperfiltration more commonly are known as counter-infiltration (RO).The most frequently used in these three types is counter-infiltration, because it has the integration capability of decomposing impurity or reclaiming valuable solid material.Machine generally includes thin film component and shell, interconnective pipe, pump, fore filter, controller and operate needed instrument.

Because film accounts for the 15-40% of RO or UF instrument value, and must regularly replace, therefore need carefully to select.Have polytype film available, and each have it self specific characteristic.Choice criteria should comprise chemical resistance, mechanical suitability, and cleanablity separates and mobile performance and price.

For other mechanical devices, the lateral flow filtrator is in design and material function the best when strengthening each other.In case selected correct film, can provide suitable lateral flow speed, the key that is designed to of pressure and the recovery of infiltration back.Waste water has the higher dirt that rises than common drinking water and is inclined to, and needs more conservative design.Good Machinery Design advantage should be uniform operation and separating property, minimum film cleaning and change frequency, reasonable energy consumption and to the minimum requirements of caution of operation.

May not handle water work than the preparation film better invests.Described equipment is relatively cheap, but still has great advantage.For example, more medium filter can be removed turbidity and oxidized metal (as iron and manganese) very effectively.It is necessary that cartridge type or bag filter can be removed about five microns remaining insoluble material.The chemicals pump is to injecting acid or antisludging agent is useful, with solubility that keeps salt or the injection that is used for biocontrol agent.According to the character of feedwater, other equipment such as clarifier or carbon filter are suitable equally.

Because good preliminary treatment, the film in the lateral flow machine can not born the load above its design.Consequently can obtain optimum performance and minimum overall expenditure at customer-side.How determining correct film and suitable design and preliminary treatment, is with a kind of application and the described purposes of experimental program development.Application test, or feasibility test are first steps of determining described machine characteristic.Normally in the laboratory or bench scale carry out, described application test has shown that the impurity of test film type gets rid of power, chemicals suitability and play the expection level of dirt tendency.The result is enough reliable usually, narrow down to the selection with film and be no more than two kinds, and whether prediction needs any pre-processing device.

The information that obtains in application test can be applicable to the scene subsequently and tests in advance.Can collect the steady-state behaviour data with the test in advance that hundreds of carried out in individual hour, be used for comprehensive design.Give water chemistry, the variation of cleaning frequency and technique effect is playing a significant role aspect the decision steady state operation.

Emphasize again in the importance of cooperating with experienced company aspect application and development and the equipment purchase also not to be.Wastewater application is unique, and personalisation process needs effectively assessment and to the fine setting of technological parameter, the close fit between lateral flow filtering technique supplier and the consumer can obtain optimum efficiency.

The underground water that chemistry and mining for many years polluted can purify effectively by counter-infiltration.On the old uranium ore of Texas, for example, missile silo draws water by more medium filter to the RO machine.The water of RO-purifying is refilled underground subsequently.The pollutant of concentrating is dragged away to be disposed or evaporation.

From beverage filling factory, paper pulp and paper mill, the waste water of pharmaceutical factory and Metal Processing Factory contains some impurity contents usually and surpasses the level that authority allows.Ultrafiltration (UF) technology effectively reduces BOD and COD content, and RO technology is removed heavy metal and solvent, allows to discharge the water that purifies.Under some occasion, described purifying waste water is suitable for utilizing in factory again, and better than factory's feedwater.

When a kind of composition constitutes the situation of the main body of decomposing solids content, be proved attractive economically usually to the recovery of described composition.Recovery nickel or other heavy metals from electroplating activity stream separate from sanitary wastewater stream and recovery albumen, and the recovery paint pigment is a common example from electrodeposited coating deposition (ED) operation of automobile factory.Material recovery can be that the end user is annual and save thousands of dollars of buying expenses, or provide can product sold.And the water of purifying still can be used for discharging or utilizes, and in fact the water circulation can close in this case.

According to the present invention, provide filter method.Described method is usually directed to utilize the advantage of the disclosed medium of this paper to filter.As from following description and embodiment as can be seen, medium of the present invention can be specialized designs and structure, to provide long relatively service life in the efficient system relatively, with outstanding advantage.

Disclose and the various aspects of claimed filtration device structure and the structure of the described filtering material of use in the various filter designs shown in the patent.Engel etc., U.S. Patent number 4,720,292 has disclosed the radial seal design that is used for filter assemblies, has barrel type filtering spare design substantially, described filtration members is by soft relatively, the rubber-like end cap seal, have cylindrical, radially inner surface.Kahlbaugh etc., U.S. Patent number 5,082,476 has disclosed the filter design of using depth media, comprises that the foam substrate has the micro fibre material combination of folding means and invention.Stifelman etc., U.S. Patent number 5,104,537 relates to the filtration device structure that is used for the filter liquide medium.Liquid is entrained in the filter housing, and the outside by filter enters inner annular and crosses filter core, recovers effective use of described structure then.Described filter is suitable for the filtered fluid press liquid very much.Engel etc., U.S. Patent number 5,613,992 shows the typical diesel engine intake filter structure of making a slip of the tongue.Described structure obtains air from the outside of shell, and described air may comprise or not contain the moisture of carrying secretly.Described air is by filter, and described moisture can pass to the bottom of shell and can discharge from shell.Gillingham etc., U.S. Patent number 5,820,646, disclosed the Z filtration device structure, this structure is utilized special folding filter design, the passage that relates to jam-pack needs liquid communication to cross the filter medium of one deck at least in the ＂ Z ＂ shape passage, to obtain suitable strainability.The described filter medium that is made into folding form can comprise fine fiber media of the present invention.Glen etc., U.S. Patent number 5,853,442 has disclosed the pocket type shell mechanism, has filtration members, can comprise fine fiber structure of the present invention.Berkhoel etc., U.S. Patent number 5,954,849 shows the dust arrester structure, is used to handle the air of usually big amount of dust, to filter dust to handling after workpiece produces very large amount of dust from air-flow in surrounding air.At last, Gillingham, U.S.'s appearance patent numbers 425,189 has disclosed the leaf filter that uses the design of Z filter.Referring to Figure 29, air filtering system or assembly are generally represented with 410.There are three parts or module in shown system 410, fits together in the mode of being arranged side by side.This structure is passable, for example, has the size that is fit to 6 feet * 10 feet * 10 feet spaces.

System 410 among Figure 29 comprises inlet or conduit 411, is used to suck air (promptly being with particle) dirty or that pollute.Provide the outlet or conduit 412, with will clean or filtered air from filter assemblies 410, discharge.The inside of system 410 can enter by access door 413.

Continuation shows a sidewall paneling 417 referring to Figure 29 with the form of cutting open, with the arrangement of each parts that this assembly is described.In the present embodiment, air intake 411 is positioned at wainscot 416, so that the air that has dust that enters or other fluids that polluted enter dirty air chamber 422 along downward direction.This makes this assembly can utilize gravity to make dust transfer to collecting region 414 by assembly 410.Dirty air chamber 422 is by door 413,416, two pairs of relative sidewall panelings 417 of wainscot (they extend downwards from upper plate), and stairstepping wall construction 429 and pair of angled surface 423,424 limit.Inclined surface 423,424 parts limit collecting region or the storage bucket 414 that is positioned at this assembly bottom.

Be sealed to the structural framing parts, spaced walls or tube plate structure 428 be installed, have stepped designs, the independent filtration members 432 of installation component 410 on it along each sidewall paneling 417.Tube plate structure 428 is sealed on all sides, so that dirty air chamber 422 is isolated with clean air chamber 460 sealings.The filtration members 432 that is installed on the stairstepping tube plate structure 428 is placed in the dirty air chamber 422 with stairstepping or separation, the relation of overlapping, and generally along downward direction, the horizontal plane of upper surface panel 416 is inclined at acute angles relatively.Topmost at filter assemblies 410 defines allocation space 433 like this.Along with dirty air 420 enters assembly 410 from entering the mouth, before being filtered, it is received in the allocation space 433.

Shown independently filtration members 432 comprises folded medium 435, forms to have terminal cylindrical tubular member separately.Except following disclosed preferred medium prescription, how stay pipe plate structure 428 is similar with the filtration members of U.S. Patent number 4,395,269 and U.S. Patent number 5,562,746 for the structure of each parts 432 and it, is incorporated into this paper at this respectively.How the CONSTRUCTED SPECIFICATION of filtration members and described filter medium form stable drum and are disclosed in U.S. Patent number 4,171 with end cap seal, among 963 (Schuler), are incorporated into this paper at this.

Figure 31 is the example how shown particular filter part 432 of expression seals tube sheet 428.Specifically, first end cap 433 comprises axially extended pad 440.Pad 440 is pressed on the tube sheet 428 by yoke shape assembly, and as U.S. Patent number 5,803,941 is described, to form sealing 441 with tube sheet 428.

Refer again to Figure 29, in shown structure, filtration members 432 is arranged in pairs with end-to-end relation.Near each filtration members 432 and tube sheet 428 sealings of tube sheet 428, and seal by yoke shape assembly and stairstepping plate 429 near each parts 432 of stairstepping plate 429.In addition, adjacent one another are and end-to-end each filtration members 432 that stacks is being sealed to adjacent filtration members 432 separately between the end cap.

Figure 30 represent air filtering system 410 ' another embodiment.The structure of Figure 30 comprise inlet 411 ', outlet 412 ', access door 413 ' and side plate 416 ', 417 '.In addition, have dirty air chamber 422 ', clean air chamber 460 ' and tube sheet 428 '.Tube sheet 428 ' with a dirty side 422 ' with cleaned air one side 460 ' separate.Filtration members 432 ' be installed in air filtering system 410 ' in, and lean against tube sheet 428 ' on.The system 410 of Figure 30 ' and a difference of the system 410 of Figure 29 be to have venturi parts 470, will be further elucidated hereinbelow.Figure 15 schematically show a filtration members 432 ' operationally be installed in tube sheet 428 ' interior and with its sealing.End cap 433 ' on gasket part 440 ' be crushed on tube sheet 428 ' on, with tube sheet 428 ' formation sealing 441 '.

Clean air chamber 460,460 ' in also provide be used to clean each filtration members 432,432 ' system.Referring to Figure 30, described system comprises a plurality of pulse valves 465 and nozzle or jet pipe 497.Valve 465 and jet pipe 497 place with tube plate structure 428 ' outlet opening 434 (Figure 15) directly embedded, with compressed-air actuated jet is imported a pair of filtration members 432,432 ' open interior 438.Be used to provide compressed-air actuated pulse valve (or reverse impulse valve), jet pipe, the type of pipeline configuration, and their control and behaviour known in this field.

Referring to Figure 32 and 33, shown each venturi parts 470 comprise inlet clock mouth shape part (or venturi intake section) 474 and venturi part 476.In shown embodiment, also has diffusion part (or venturi exit portion) 472.Venturi part 476 places between diffusion part 472 and the venturi intake section 474 and they is interconnected.Air is discharged from venturi parts 470, by diffuser 472 enter clean air chamber 460 ', this moment air be filtered and with normal filtration streamer mode (that is, not having reverse impulse) from dirty air chamber 430 ' by filter element 432 '.Shown diffusion part 472 has (or open) separately, and vertical substantially wall 477 recovers to help the pressure under the normal filtration condition.Venturi part 476 can be along recessed towards its internal direction, as United States Patent (USP) 5,562, disclosed in 746; Or shown in Figure 15, its shape can be for 472 diameters diminish gradually from baseline 406 to exit portion, as United States Patent (USP) 6,090, disclosed in 173.

Venturi parts 470 be installed in tube plate structure 428 ' on, with filter element 432 ' relative, so as venturi intake section 474 place clean air chamber 460 '.

Continuation is referring to Figure 32, as can be seen venturi parts 470 by suitable fastening 481 connect baselines 406 to tube sheet 428 ' be fixed on tube sheet 428 ' on.Other details of venturi parts 470 are at U.S. Patent number 5,562, description are arranged in 746 and 6,090,173, and each is incorporated into this paper at this.

In Figure 33, schematically show the nozzle or the jet pipe 497 of pulsing jet system, it and venturi parts 470 segment distance 482 of being separated by.Along with air sprays by jet pipe 497, asymmetrical air-spray is disorderly fully, and its behavior is just as no wall shear flow.For such air stream, along with jet leaves jet pipe 497 and moves passage 483 as shown in the figure, velocity variations expansion against the air stream that enters.Venturi parts 470 allow this air-spray from passage 83 enter filtration members 432,432 ' inside 438,438 ', cause air pressure the filter medium between the end cap 433,434 435,435 ' whole length on evenly distribute.

Distance 482 between the baseline 406 of jet pipe 497 and venturi parts 470 is usually less than 25 inches, and greater than 10 inches.In some structure, described distance is about 22-23 inch.In other structures, described distance is a 20-21 inch or littler.The structure of these types caused substantially along filter medium 435,435 ' the positive cleaning pressure differential of whole length of extension.

In when work, the gaseous fluid of air or other particle loaded by the dirty air chamber 422,422 of air intake 420,420 ' and filter element 432,432 ' enter '.By filter medium 435,435 ' particle is removed from air stream.As mentioned below, adopt preferred medium prescription, so that produce favourable performance.The filter interior 438,438 of the air inlet opening that purifies ', and enter clean air chamber 460,460 '.If there are venturi parts 470, clean air flows through venturi parts 470 leaving open filter interior 438,438 ' and enter clean air chamber 460 in the time of 460 '.The air that purifies by outlet 412,412 ' leave air cleaner 410,410 '.

After filtering at interval, filtration members 432,432 ' meeting covers last layer dust or other granular materials.Each filtration members 432,432 ' enter the pulsing jet cleaning by separately valve 465 and jet pipe 497, its with a certain amount of compressed air from jet pipe 497 spray to and enter open filter interior 438,438 '.If there are venturi parts 470, described compressed air is imported into the diffusion part 472 of venturi parts 470.Described jet enters open filter interior 438, and with in the proper flow side of filtering the space-time air-flow in the opposite direction by medium 435,435 '.This air-spray pulse with dust piece and other particles from filter medium 435,435 ' the outside knock out, and make it fall into storage bucket 14 by gravity.Single phase, the self-purging air filtering system is known.A kind of such system that can obtain by the commercial channel is Donaldson GDX ^TMPulse purification filtering system can be from Donaldson Company, Inc, and (Minneapolis Minnesota) obtains Minneapolis for Donaldson Company, Inc..In Figure 34, show Donaldson GDX ^TMThe schematic cross sectional views of pulse purification filtering system 20.Except the preferred medium prescription that is used for system shown in Figure 34, the structure in the system shown in Figure 34 is at United States Patent (USP) 6,123, description arranged in 751, is incorporated into this paper at this, and can buys from Donaldson company.

Referring to Figure 34, system 520 comprises chamber 521, and air entrance side 522 and air outlet slit side 523 are arranged.Air enters chamber 521 by the mouth mask 526 of going into of a plurality of perpendicular separations of distributing along air intake side 522.Go into the internal ramp that mouth mask 526 plays protection system 520 and avoid rain, the effect that snow and sunlight influence.In addition, go into mouth mask 526 and be design like this, make the air that enters mouth mask 526 at first to import along the direction that makes progress shown in the arrow 527, then by deflecting plates 528 along the downward direction deflection shown in the arrow 529.Air is initial moves upward and causes from some granular materials and the moisture precipitation of air stream or be accumulated in bottom 530 into mouth mask 526.The air dust that forces in chamber 521 that moves downward subsequently moves towards the control of dust storage bucket 532 that is positioned at chamber 521 bottoms downwards.

The chamber 521 of system 520 is separated into upstream and

downstream space

534 and 536 by dividing plate 538.The dirty air part of the ＂＂ of upstream space 534 ordinary representation air filter systems 520, and the clean air part ＂ of the ＂ of downstream space ordinary representation system 520.Dividing plate 538 limits a plurality of holes 540, so that air can flow to downstream space 536 from upstream space 534.Air cleaner 542 or filter element that each hole 540 is positioned at the upstream space of described chamber cover.Filter 542 is to arrange like this and design, and before passing through hole 40, air flows to downstream space 536 from upstream space 534 by filter 542.

For shown concrete filter for installation, each air cleaner 542 comprises a pair of filtration members.For example, each air cleaner 542 comprises the conic section 546 of cylindrical parts 544 and some brachymemma.The conic section 546 of each brachymemma comprises another end of a large diameter end and minor diameter.The cylindrical parts 544 of each filter 542 and the conic section 546 of brachymemma are arranged in co-axial alignment, and end-to-end connection, and the minor diameter of each conic section 546 is fixed on the cylindrical parts 544 with sealing means.The larger diameter distal end of the conic section 546 of each brachymemma is fixed on the dividing plate 538, so that form annular seal around its corresponding hole 540.Each filter 542 is its corresponding hole 540 arranged in co-axial alignment substantially, and its longitudinal axis is a level substantially.

Each filter element 542,546 comprises medium bag 560,562, has constituted tubular structure 564,566, and limits open filter interior 568,570 in described structure.Open filter interior 568,570 also is the cleaned air chamber.Preferably, each medium bag 560,562nd folds, and comprises the dielectric composition that is covered by one deck fine fibre to small part.The prescription of preferred dielectric composition is described below.

Generally, when filtering, air is to import radially by air cleaner 542 from upstream space 534, enters the inner space 568,570 (cleaned air chamber) of filter 542.After filtering, air flows through dividing plate 538 in the space 548 internally, by hole 540, enters the clean air space in downstream 536.Clean then air is extracted out from downstream space 536, by hole 550, enters unshowned gas turbine inlet air mouth.

Each hole 540 of dividing plate 538 comprises the pulsing jet air purifier 552 that is installed in downstream space 536.Periodically, the pulsing jet of pulsing jet air purifier 552 guiding air, shown in arrow 572, make it oppositely by relevant air cleaner 542, promptly from the inner space 568,570 of filtration members outwards vibration otherwise discharge in the filter medium that is trapped in air cleaner 542 or on granular materials.Pulsing jet air purifier 552 can be from the top of chamber 521 to the bottom sequential working, so that the storage bucket 532 of dust granule material below filter is blown into the most at last, so that discharge.

Such as may being sizable in the structure shown in Figure 34.Be used for this structural filter to generally including cylindrical filter, about 26 inches long, diameter is about 12.75 inches, and the conical strainer of brachymemma, and about 26 inches long, minor diameter is about 12.75 inches, and major diameter is about 17.5 inches.This structure can be used for, and for example, filters the air inlet that enters in the gas turbine engine systems, and this system is 8000-1.2 MMCF/minute (cfm) to the demand of air stream.

In Figure 35, show the another kind of inlet air filtration system of gas turbine.Except preferred medium prescription, system shown in Figure 35 can obtain by the commercial channel, buys Donaldson GDX from Donaldson ^TMThe self-purging air cleaner.In Figure 35, provide Donaldson GDX ^TMThe schematic cross sectional views of self-purging air cleaner 520.System shown in Figure 35 is not a prior art, because it is used for some preferred medium prescription to filter the method for charge air flow.System 520 shown in Figure 35 is similar with the system 20 of Figure 34, except system 520 is littler, and compacter device.

In Figure 35, system 520 comprises chamber 521, has air intake side 522 and air outlet slit side 523.Air enters chamber 521 by the mouth mask of placing along air intake side 522 526 of going into.Go into mouth mask 526 and help to guide air to enter into mouth mask 526 along the direction that makes progress shown in the arrow 527, then by deflecting plates 528 along the downward direction deflection shown in the arrow 529.The dust that forces in the chamber 521 that moves downward of air moves towards the control of dust storage bucket 532 that is positioned at chamber 521 bottoms downwards.

For system shown in Figure 34 10, the chamber 521 of system 520 is separated into upstream and

downstream space

534 and 536 by dividing plate 538.The dirty air part of the ＂＂ of upstream space 534 expression air filter systems 520, and downstream space is represented the ＂ cleaned air part ＂ of system 520 generally.Dividing plate 538 limits a plurality of holes 540, flows to downstream space 536 to allow air from upstream space 534.Air cleaner 542 or filter element that each hole 540 is positioned in the described chamber upstream space 534 cover.Filter 542 is arranged by this way and is designed, and before passing through hole 540, air flows to downstream space 536 from upstream space 534 by filter 542.

Each air cleaner 542 comprises a pair of filtration members.For example, each air cleaner 542 comprises the conic section 546 of cylindrical parts 544 and brachymemma.The conic section 546 of each brachymemma comprises the other end that has a large diameter end and have minor diameter.The cylindrical parts 544 of each filter 542 and the conic section 546 of brachymemma are arranged in co-axial alignment, and end-to-end link, and the smaller diameter distal of each conic section 546 is fixed on the cylindrical parts 544 with sealing means.The larger diameter distal end of the conic section 546 of each brachymemma is fixed on the dividing plate 538, so that form annular seal around its corresponding hole 540.Each filter 542 substantially relative its corresponding hole 540 arranged in co-axial alignment, and have the longitudinal axis of level substantially.

Each filtration members 544,546 comprises medium bag 560,562, forms tubular structure 564,566, and limits open filter interior 568,570 in this structure.Preferably, each medium bag 560,562nd folds, and comprises the substrate synthetic that is covered by one deck fine fibre to small part.The prescription of preferred dielectric composition has description below.

Generally, when filtering, air imports the inner space 568,570 (cleaned air chamber) that radially enters filter 542 by air cleaner 542 from upstream space 534.After filtering, air space 568,570 internally flows through dividing plate 538, by hole 540, enters cleaned air space, downstream 536.Cleaned air is extracted out from downstream space 536 then, by hole 550, enters unshowned gas turbine inlet air mouth.

Each hole 540 of dividing plate 538 comprises the pulsing jet air purifier 552 that is installed in the downstream space 536.Pulsing jet air purifier 552 is the pulsing jet reverse flow of guiding air regularly, shown in arrow 572, by relevant air cleaner 542, promptly from the inner space 568,570 of filtration members outwards vibration otherwise discharge in the filter medium that is trapped in air cleaner 542 or on granular materials.Pulsing jet air purifier 552 can be from the top of chamber 521 to the bottom sequential working, so that the storage bucket 532 below final importing of dust granule material that filter is blown down, so that discharge.

Referring to Figure 37, show the perspective view of filtration members 500.Filtration members 500 comprises cylindrical filter 500, comprises the first and second

relative end caps

501 and 502, and tubulose is arranged, and the filter medium 504 of preferred cylindrical-shaped structure extends therebetween with folded form.Described dielectric structure limits open filter interior 505, and it is corresponding with the cleaned air conduit or the air chamber that use, in addition, can comprise the incidence surface of contaminated.The tubular structure of corrugated filter medium 504 adopts adhesive techniques to fix or be bonded on

end cap

501 and 502 usually.On filtration device structure 500, also have inner support tubulose liner 503, the structural intergrity of medium 504 is provided.

Referring to Figure 38, show the perspective view of a filtration members 506.Generally, filtration members 506 comprises the first and second

relative end caps

508 and 509, and tubulose is arranged, and the filter medium 507 of preferred cylindrical-shaped structure extends therebetween.Described dielectric structure limits open filter interior 505.The tubular structure of corrugated filter medium 507 adopts adhesive techniques to fix or be bonded on

end cap

508 and 509 usually.On filtration members 506, the cylinder seal 510 of also available taper is installed to filtration members on the filter, with inlet or the outlet of end seal coupled filtering device to filter.Filtration members 506 is designed to support the passage of contaminated, from the outer flow of medium 507 inside 505 to filter medium 506.

Referring to Figure 39, show the perspective view of flat panel filter spare 511.Generally, filtration members 511 comprises rectangular enclosure 513, and the folded medium 514 of rectangular in form combines with shell 513, uses common adhesive techniques (not shown) that described medium is fixing in the enclosure.Folded medium 514 keeps folding form, and escapement 512 is fixed into fixing folded form with described medium.Described blank medium 512 can comprise preformed configuration, perhaps can comprise the thermoplastic interval insulant of extrusion structure.The flange portion 514 of shell 513 can help filtration members 511 is fit into filter.Filtration members 511 is designed to cleaned air is partly discharged described folded medium, referring to Figure 39.

Figure 40 is a data drawing list, shows example 4 described filtration members at 10.5-50ft-m ^-1Air velocity the time classification efficiency.

Figure 41 represents the similar classification efficiency of filtration members shown in the example 5.

Figure 42 represents the classification efficiency of filtration members shown in the example 6 under single fluid speed, is used for determining the resistance of described medium to causing owing to medium is folding losing efficacy.

Figure 43 represents that filtration members is in the classification efficiency of the flow velocity of defined shown in the example 6.

Figure 44 is a data drawing list, and filtration members is at 10.5ft-m shown in the expression example 7 ^-1Flow velocity under classification efficiency, illustrate because the folding resistance that is caused of leaf folding or indentation.

Figure 45 is a data drawing list, the classification efficiency of filtration members under shown air-flow velocity shown in the expression example 7.

Figure 46 is a data drawing list, the classification efficiency of filtration members shown in the expression example 8, expression when described filtration members is compared with substrate, shown in efficient in the scope of granular size unconspicuous increase is arranged.

Experiment

The flat samples of filter of the present invention is to make by form one deck non-woven base cloth on one deck HEPA level fiberglass.On described base cloth, place one deck fine fibre.Test the efficient and the permeability of described filter plate, and with comprise base cloth and HEPA glass fibre but do not have fine fibre filter plate performance relatively, and compare with two filters of the PTFE that comprises expansion.

Example 1

With basic weight is 591b-3000ft ^-2, thickness is 0.013 inch glass fiber filter media and two-layer spunbond polyester-based cloth material combination.One deck base cloth is pressed in the either side of glass fiber filter media sheet material.The thickness of described polyester base cloth is 0.007 inch, and basic weight is 0.5oz-yd ^-2These three layers of substrates are 10.5ft-min at flow ^-1Air flow resistance under the air velocity is 39 millimeters water.Described substrate is at 10.5ft-min ^-1Efficient under the air velocity (DOP) is 99.97%.Then described substrate material is combined with static weaving layers of nanofibers.When measuring according to ASTM 1215, the efficient of described polyamide nanofiber layer is 40%, and basic weight is about 0.1gm-m ^-2

Example 2

Repeat example 1, different is that when measuring according to ASTM 1215, the efficient of described layers of nanofibers is 70%, and basic weight is about 0.2gm-m ^-2

Example 3

Repeat example 1, different is that when measuring according to ASTM 1215, the efficient of described layers of nanofibers is 95%, and basic weight is about 0.3gm-m ^-2

The disclosed medium of example 1-3 detects its filtering feature with the slab construction formal testing in experiment, comprise that its pressure falls, dust and dirt delivered payload capability, and conversion characteristic.Described parameter is to measure like this, at first takes by weighing the weight of dull and stereotyped dielectric sample, and described dull and stereotyped dielectric sample is put into conduit, and air stream and speed that wherein said medium contact velocity is 10ft-min are the ASHRAE dust load of about 1.03gm-min.Allow described equipment move, up to reduce to 30 inches water by the pressure of medium.Then described medium is taken out from described conduit, and weigh, so that record dust load.Then described medium is clipped on the framework, and described frame mounting is overturn on dustbin.Some dust drops at once, beats described framework gently with screwdriver, no longer drops from medium up to dust.Then described medium being reloaded on the described device, and proceeding experiment, is the air stream of 10ft-min and the load of 1.03gm-min up to three contacts of described medium flow velocity.

Table 1

The sample (each two) of test

Sample description (being flat board)	Efficient ^*	Permeability ^**
Sample description (being flat board)	Efficient ^*	Permeability ^**	Polyester base cloth glass fibre HEPA does not have fine fibre	99.982％	4.4
Base cloth HEPA+ fine fibre example 1	99.988％	4.3		99.982％	4.4
Base cloth HEPA+ fine fibre example 1	99.988％	4.3	Base cloth HEPA+ fine fibre example 2	99.990％	4.2
Base cloth HEPA+ fine fibre example 3	99.993％	3.8	Base cloth HEPA+ fine fibre example 2	99.990％	4.2
Base cloth HEPA+ fine fibre example 3	99.993％	3.8	PTFE A contrast	98.354％	3.6
PTFE B contrast	98.243％	8.2	PTFE A contrast	98.354％	3.6

^*With the efficient of 0.3 micron NaCl particle with the velocity determination of 10.5fpm.

^*Permeability is the flow by described material, is unit with fpm, and 0.5 ＂ w.g. is according to ASTMD-737.

Example 4

Glass fiber filter media is laminated on wet shop cellulose/synthetic blending agent, and the characteristic of synthetic is as follows:

Basic weight is 1321b.-3000ft. ^-2

Thickness is 0.045 inch

Permeability is 5.1 feet-min ^-1, 0.5 ＂ w.g. (Frazier)

Machine direction-Gurley hardness is 28,000mg (1.0 ＂ x3.5 ＂ sample).

Efficient: the efficient of filtering 0.3 micron particles with the speed of 10 feet per minute clocks (DOP) is 99.85%

Layers of nanofibers with this laminated material and electrostatic spinning makes up then.When measuring (ASTM 1215), the efficient of polyamide nanofiber layer is 98%, and basic weight is about 0.35gm-m ^-2Measure the classification efficiency of described synthetic, NaCl as challenge aerosol and TSI 8160 exercisers, is adopted the medium velocity scope shown in Figure 40.Under all occasions, the efficient that described synthetic filters 0.3 micron particles all surpasses 99.97%.

Example 5

Glass fiber filter media is laminated on the spunbond polyester base cloth.

The characteristic of this synthetic is as follows:

Basic weight is 1251b.-3000ft. ^-2

Thickness is 0.034 inch

Permeability is 4.9 feet-min ^-1, 0.5 ＂ w.g. (Frazier)

Machine direction Gurley hardness is 12,867mg (1.0 ＂ x3.5 ＂ sample).

Efficient: the efficient of filtering 0.3 micron particles with 10 feet per minute clocks (DOP) is 99.97%

Layers of nanofibers with this laminated material and electrostatic spinning makes up then.When measuring (ASTM 1215), the efficient of polyamide nanofiber layer is 98%, and basic weight is about 0.35gm-m ^-2Measure the classification efficiency of described synthetic, NaCl as challenge aerosol and TSI 8160 exercisers, is adopted the medium velocity scope shown in Figure 41.Under all occasions, the efficient that described synthetic filters 0.3 micron particles all surpasses 99.97%.

Example 6

Wet shop cellulose/synthetic scrim material is laminated to a side of glass fiber filter media.Lightweight spunbond polyester material layer is pressed onto the opposite side of described glass fiber filter media.Described laminar structure and one deck electrostatic spinning nano fiber combinations are on the base cloth of wet shop.The characteristic of this synthetic medium is as follows:

Basic weight is 99.991b.-3000ft. ^-2

Thickness is 0.032 inch

Permeability is 4.22 feet-min ^-1, 0.5 ＂ w.g. (Frazier)

Gurley hardness is 1336mg (1.0 ＂ x3.5 ＂ sample).

Efficient: the efficient of filtering 0.3 micron particles with 10 feet per minute clocks (DOP) is 99.987%

Utilize folding this material to the 0.75 ＂ fold height of rotation indentation folding machine then.Before folding and use TSI 8160 exercisers of band NaCl to measure the classification efficiency of described medium afterwards; The result is as follows.In both cases, the described synthetic efficient of filtering 0.3 micron particles surpasses 99.99%.Also measured the efficient of medium in the air velocity scope of example 6.The result is shown in Figure 42-43.All test shows, the efficient of filtering 0.3 micron particles surpasses 99.98%.

Example 7

Wet shop cellulose/synthetic scrim material is laminated to a side of glass fiber filter media.Described laminar structure and one deck electrostatic spinning nano fiber combinations are on the base cloth of wet shop.The characteristic of this synthetic medium is as follows:

Basic weight is 90.771b.-3000ft. ^-2

Thickness is 0.029 inch

Permeability is 3.88 feet-min ^-10.5 ＂ w.g. (Frazier)

Gurley hardness is 1336mg (1.0 " x3.5 ＂ sample).

Efficient: the efficient of filtering 0.3 micron particles with 10 feet per minute clocks (DOP) is 99.995%

Adopt two kinds of different foldings that this material is folded then.At first, use the blade type folding machine, fold height is 0.5 ＂.Secondly, use rotation indentation type folding machine, fold height is 0.75 ＂.Before folding and use the TSI8160 exerciser of band NaCl to measure the classification efficiency of described medium afterwards; The result is as follows.Under all occasions, the efficient that described synthetic filters 0.3 micron particles surpasses 99.99%.Also use the TSI8160 exerciser of band NaCl to measure the efficient of described medium in the velocity variations scope; The result is shown in Figure 44-45.Under all occasions, the efficient that described synthetic filters 0.3 micron particles all surpasses 99.99%.

Example 8

Melt-blown material and wet shop base cloth support combinations with the static electrification lotus.The characteristic of this substrate material is as follows:

Basic weight: 128gm-m ^-2

Thickness: 0.031 inch

Permeability: 25.1 feet-min ^-1, 0.5 ＂ w.g. (Frazier)

With the substrate structure of described lamination and one deck electrostatic spinning nano fiber combinations in wet shop base cloth side.When testing with the speed (ASTM 1215) of 20 feet per minute clocks with 0.8 micron polystyrene latex particle, the efficient of layers of nanofibers is about 70%.The permeability of resulting structure is 17.8 feet-min ^-1, 0.5 ＂ w.g. (Frazier).Use TSI 8160 testers and NaCl to measure the classification efficiency of described structure with 10.5 feet per minute clocks.The result as shown in figure 46.Obviously, being exposed to the electric field that is used for electrostatic spinning process does not have a negative impact to the substrate material of static electrification lotus.

Fig. 1-7 comprises the result of described experiment test.Fig. 1 be illustrated in that three dusts load and purification cycle after the gas-flow resistance increase of each sample.Example 1,2 and 3 all shows resistance slightly to be increased, and compares with PTFE sample that does not have fine fiber layer and glass fibre HEPA.Slightly increasing of the gas-flow resistance of described example shows that the cleanablity of described material has improvement.Described dust is loaded on the surface of fine fiber layer, and removes easily by filter cleaner mechanisms commonly used.

Fig. 2 is illustrated in after three dust loadings and the cleaning cycle, and the weight of each sample increases.The weight increase shows that dust is left in the sample, and represents a certain amount of dust not clean out from material by cleaning filtration mechanism commonly used.The material of this example is compared with glass fibre HEPA material with the PTFE material and is all shown appropriate weight increase.

Fig. 3 is illustrated in that three dusts load and cleaning cycle is loaded into the gross weight of the ASHRAE dust on each sample afterwards.The life-span of filter medium be reduced to unacceptable level in air velocity before the amount of dust that can be loaded on the filter relevant.Fig. 3 is illustrated in test period, and similar amount of dust is loaded on examples material and the PTFE material.On the contrary, glass fibre HEPA material is not easy to clean, therefore uses less dust in test.Amount of dust shown in Fig. 3 has caused final clean gas resistance shown in Figure 1.

Fig. 4,5 and 6 expression EX1, the curve of load of glass fibre HEPA and PTFE sample.Utilize the data of these curves of load to produce Fig. 1-3.

Fig. 7 represents test result, wherein in the pulse cleaning testing arrangement the dull and stereotyped medium and the glass fibre HEPA material of example 3 is compared.Curve shows, glass fibre HEPA material before pulse and postimpulse pressure fall material than example 3 before pulse and postimpulse pressure fall highlyer, and increase faster.It is the stable dust loading of the calcium carbonate dust (Atomite dust) of 10 particle/cubic feet that this test provides speed.Calcium carbonate dust (Atomite dust) is free-pouring calcium carbonate powder, has irregular shape, is produced by Imerys (France), and can obtain from the multiple channel that comprises George C.Brandt Co..The calcium carbonate dust is made up of following particle: less than 1 micron, percentage by weight is 25%; 1-2.5 micron, percentage by weight is 25%; 2.5-5 micron, percentage by weight is 30%; 5-10 micron, percentage by weight are 18%; 10-15 micron, percentage by weight are 2%.For the sample of 8 ＂ diameters, air velocity is set at 9.1 feet per minute clocks.Per minute provides the reverse impulse of a 40psi, continues 100 milliseconds.The filter that pulse cleaning is crossed will be changed when reaching final pressure and fall usually, and the lower pressure petition of surrender of example 3 described media is bright to be compared with the glass fibre HEPA that does not have nanofiber, and it has better cleanablity and longer filter life.

Fig. 9 has compared before pulse test and the efficient of glass fibre HEPA and example 3 media afterwards.This chart understands that impulse action can not reduce the efficient of described medium.This result is astonishing, because pulse and medium motion are considered to cause the microfibrous glass fiber separation, may produce the space, and finally reduces the efficient of medium.This view is proved to be incorrect, and has all kept the efficient of HEPA for the medium of glass fibre HEPA material and example 3.

Table 2

Classification efficiency after the pulse test

Granular size	Example 3 (after the pulse)	Example 3 (before the pulse)	Base cloth HEPA (after the pulse)	Base cloth HEPA (before the pulse)
Granular size	Example 3 (after the pulse)	Example 3 (before the pulse)	Base cloth HEPA (after the pulse)	Base cloth HEPA (before the pulse)	0.02	99.9999	99.9996	99.9996	99.9995
0.03	99.9998	99.9995	99.9998	99.999	0.02	99.9999	99.9996	99.9996	99.9995
0.03	99.9998	99.9995	99.9998	99.999	0.04	99.9997	99.999	99.9997	99.997
0.05	99.998	99.993	99.999	99.985	0.04	99.9997	99.999	99.9997	99.997
0.05	99.998	99.993	99.999	99.985	0.06	99.997	99.99	99.998	99.979
0.07	99.996	99.986	99.997	99.971	0.06	99.997	99.99	99.998	99.979
0.07	99.996	99.986	99.997	99.971	0.08	99.994	99.982	99.997	99.964
0.09	99.993	99.978	99.996	99.959	0.08	99.994	99.982	99.997	99.964
0.09	99.993	99.978	99.996	99.959	0.1	99.992	99.975	99.996	99.954
0.2	99.995	99.982	99.998	99.966	0.1	99.992	99.975	99.996	99.954
0.2	99.995	99.982	99.998	99.966	0.3	99.999	99.996	99.9993	99.982

Figure 36 is a data drawing list, but expression cleaning device of the present invention is compared before pulse and postimpulse efficient with the similar structures that does not have fine fibre.The efficient performance of material is suitable before the pulse, and but, the pulse behind efficiency of material of the present invention is significantly better than the contrast filter that does not have fine fibre.

Above-mentioned discussion, example and data declaration our present the understanding of the present invention.But, owing to can make multiple change to the present invention under the prerequisite that does not exceed design of the present invention and scope, the present invention falls into the scope of following appended claims fully.

Claims

1. a filter medium comprises the efficient substrate layer of layers of nanofibers and HEPA; The fibre diameter of layers of nanofibers is the 0.05-0.5 micron, and basic weight is 3x10 ^-7-6x10 ^-5Gm-cm ^-2, average pore size is the 0.01-100 micron, thickness is the 0.05-50 micron; The efficient substrate layer of described HEPA comprises nonwoven layers, comprises that basic weight is 0.2oz-yd ^-2-350lb-3000ft ^-2, layer thickness is the 0.001-0.2 inch, the permeability of overall filtration substrate is 1-200ft-min ^-1, 0.5 inch (water) Δ P is with 10ft-min ^-1The speed efficient of removing 0.1 micron particles be 35-99.99995%, with 10ft-min ^-1The speed efficient of removing 0.76 micron particles be 80-98%.

2. medium as claimed in claim 1, wherein said substrate layer are the static electrification lotuses.

3. medium as claimed in claim 1, wherein said filter medium folds, and comprises adhesive-bonded fabric, and described adhesive-bonded fabric is a spun-bonded fibre, cellulose fibre, melt-blown fiber, glass fibre or their mixture.

4. medium as claimed in claim 1, wherein said medium is included in the base cloth layer between layers of nanofibers and the substrate layer.

5. medium as claimed in claim 1, wherein said nanofiber comprises addition polymers.

6. medium as claimed in claim 1 comprises condensation polymer.

7. medium as claimed in claim 6 comprises nylon polymer.

8. medium as claimed in claim 6 also comprises resin additive, and molecular weight is 500-3000 and the aromatic series feature is arranged that wherein said additive easily is blended in the described condensation polymer.

9. medium as claimed in claim 8, wherein said additive comprises oligomer, described oligomer is a phenol.

10. medium as claimed in claim 6, wherein said condensation polymer comprise nylon 6 and by cyclic lactames, C _6-10Diamine monomer and C _6-10The polymerization reactant of the nylon copolymer that diacid monomer is formed.

11. as the medium of claim 10, also comprise resin additive, it is an oligomer, molecular weight is 500-3000 and the aromatic series feature is arranged that wherein said additive easily is blended in the described condensation polymer.

12. as the medium of claim 10, wherein said polymerization reactant comprises nylon 6,6 and nylon copolymer.

13. medium as claimed in claim 1, the diameter of wherein said nanofiber are the 0.1-0.5 micron.

14. medium as claimed in claim 1, the diameter of wherein said nanofiber are the 0.01-0.2 micron.

15. filter medium as claimed in claim 1 wherein when being test in the time of 16 hours under 100% the test condition at the temperature of 140 ℉ and relative air humidity, keeping surpassing 30% fiber and changes, and is used to filter purpose.

16. medium as claimed in claim 5, wherein said addition polymers is crosslinked.

17. medium as claimed in claim 5, wherein said addition polymers is a polyvinyl alcohol.

18. as the medium of claim 17, wherein said polyvinyl alcohol is crosslinked.

19. a filter core comprises filter medium, comprises the efficient substrate layer of layers of nanofibers and HEPA; The fibre diameter of layers of nanofibers is the 0.05-0.5 micron, and basic weight is 3x10 ^-7-6x10 ^-5Gm-cm ^-2, average pore size is the 0.01-100 micron, thickness is the 0.05-50 micron; The efficient substrate layer of HEPA comprises nonwoven layers, comprises that basic weight is 0.2oz-yd ^-2-350 lb-3000ft ^-2, layer thickness is the 0.001-0.2 inch, the permeability of overall filtration substrate is 1-200ft-min ^-1, 0.5 inch (water) Δ P is with 10ft-min ^-1The speed efficient of removing 0.1 micron particles be 35-99.99995%, with 10ft-min ^-1The speed efficient of removing 0.76 micron particles be 80-98%, the overall design flow velocity of described filter core is the 5-10000 cubic feet/min.

20. as the filter core of claim 19, wherein said filter core comprises dull and stereotyped filter core.

21. as the filter core of claim 19, wherein said filter medium folds.

22. as the filter core of claim 21, the scrimp degree of depth of wherein said folding filter medium is the 0.25-4 inch.

23. as the filter core of claim 19, wherein said filter core comprises the cylindricality filter core.

24. as the filter core of claim 23, the girth of wherein said cylindricality filter core is the 3-50 inch.

25. as the filter core of claim 19, wherein said nanofiber comprises addition polymers.

26. the filter core as claim 19 comprises condensation polymer.

27. the filter core as claim 26 comprises nylon polymer.

28. as the filter core of claim 26, also comprise resin additive, molecular weight is 500-3000 and the aromatic series feature is arranged that wherein said additive easily is blended in the described condensation polymer.

29. as the filter core of claim 28, wherein said additive comprises oligomer, it is a phenol.

30. as the filter core of claim 26, wherein said condensation polymer comprises polymer composition, it is a nylon 6 and by cyclic lactames, C _6-10Diamine monomer and C _6-10The polymerization reactant of the nylon copolymer that diacid monomer is formed, and resin additive, it is an oligomer, molecular weight is 500-3000 and the aromatic series feature is arranged that wherein said additive easily is blended in the described condensation polymer.

31. as the filter core of claim 30, wherein said polymerization reactant comprises nylon 6,6 and nylon copolymer.

32. as the filter core of claim 19, the diameter of wherein said nanofiber is the 0.1-0.5 micron.

33. as the filter core of claim 19, the diameter of wherein said nanofiber is the 0.01-0.2 micron.

34. as the filter core of claim 25, wherein said addition polymers is crosslinked.

35. as the filter core of claim 25, wherein said addition polymers is a polyvinyl alcohol.

36. as the filter core of claim 35, wherein said polyvinyl alcohol is crosslinked.

37. a vacuum cleaner comprises the engine of 0.65-500HP, drives air stream with 5-600ft-min ^-1Flow velocity is by filter, and described filter comprises layers of nanofibers and the efficient substrate layer of HEPA; The fibre diameter of described layers of nanofibers is the 0.05-0.5 micron, and basic weight is 3x10 ^-7-6x10 ^-5Gm-cm ^-2, average pore size is the 0.01-100 micron, layer thickness is the 0.05-50 micron; The efficient substrate layer of HEPA comprises nonwoven layers, comprises that basic weight is 0.2oz-yd ^-2-350 lb-3000ft ^-2, thickness is the 0.001-0.2 inch, the permeability of overall filtration device is 1-200ft-min ^-1, 0.5 inch (water) Δ P is with 10ft-min ^-1The speed efficient of removing 0.1 micron particles be 35-99.99995%, with 10ft-min ^-1The speed efficient of removing 0.76 micron particles be 80-98%.

38. a filter for installation comprises the medium bag, it has parts and comprises first and second relative stream interface and a plurality of grooves, in described medium bag;

(a) described each groove has near the first end of described first stream interface and the second end of close described second stream interface;

(b) Xuan Ding described groove is at described first end opening, in described the second end closure; With selected described groove in described first end closure, at described the second end opening;

(c) described parts comprise layers of nanofibers and the efficient substrate layer of HEPA; The fibre diameter of described layers of nanofibers is the 0.05-0.5 micron, and basic weight is 3x10 ^-7-6x10 ^-5Gm-cm ^-2, average pore size is the 0.01-10 micron, thickness is the 0.05-50 micron; The efficient substrate layer of HEPA comprises nonwoven layers, comprises that basic weight is 0.2oz-yd ^-2-350lb-3000ft ^-2, layer thickness is the 0.001-0.2 inch, the permeability of overall filtration device is 1-200ft-min ^-1, 0.5 inch (water) Δ P is with 10ft-min ^-1The speed efficient of removing 0.1 micron particles be 35-99.99995%, with 10ft-min ^-1The speed efficient of removing 0.76 micron particles be 80-98%.

39.,, keep surpassing 30% fiber and change and be used to filter purpose wherein when being when carrying out 16 hours test under 100% the test condition at the temperature of 140 ℉ and relative air humidity as the filter of claim 38.

40. as the filter of claim 38, wherein said nanofiber comprises addition polymers.

41. the filter as claim 38 comprises condensation polymer.

42. the filter as claim 41 comprises nylon polymer.

43. as the filter of claim 41, also comprise resin additive, molecular weight is 500-3000 and the aromatic series feature is arranged that wherein said additive easily is blended in the described condensation polymer.

44. as the filter of claim 43, wherein said additive comprises oligomer, it is a phenol.

45. the filter as claim 38 also comprises:

(a) sealing system comprises frame structure and seal member;

(i) described frame structure comprises from the axially outstanding extension of one of described first and second stream interfaces;

(A) described extension comprises the circulus with outer radial face;

(ii) described seal member is supported by the extension of described frame structure;

(A) described seal member comprises elastic sealing element; With

(B) described seal member is directed facing to described at least outer radial face.

46. as the filter of claim 45, wherein:

(a) described medium bag and described frame structure have circular cross-section.

47. as the filter of claim 45, wherein:

(a) described medium bag and described frame structure have run-track shaped cross section; With

(b) described frame structure comprises the cross-brace of radial support.

48. the filter as claim 45 also comprises:

(a) platy structure; Described medium bag is installed in the described platy structure.

49. the filter as claim 45 also comprises:

(a) from the outstanding handle of the first surface of described medium bag; The size of described handle is fit to staff.

50. the filter as claim 45 also comprises:

(a) fix and be looped around the collar tube sub-assembly that described medium is wrapped;

(i) described collar tube sub-assembly is towards described relatively medium bag, so that the axial length of described medium bag extends at least 30%; With

(b) seal member pressure flange to small part around described medium bag;

(i) described seal member pressure flange is radially extended from described collar tube sub-assembly, and fully around described collar tube sub-assembly.

51. as the filter of claim 40, wherein said addition polymers is crosslinked.

52. as the filter of claim 40, wherein said addition polymers is a polyvinyl alcohol.

53. as the filter of claim 52, wherein said polyvinyl alcohol is crosslinked.

54. the method for a filtered air, this method comprises:

(a) the guiding air is with 5-10, and the speed of 000cfm is by the medium bag, and described medium bag comprises that parts have the first and second relative stream interfaces, and described parts comprise that a plurality of grooves are in described medium bag;

(i) described groove has first end near described first stream interface and close described second stream interface of the second end;

(ii) Xuan Ding described groove is at described first end opening, in described the second end closure; With selected described groove in described first end closure, at described the second end opening;

(iii) described parts comprise layers of nanofibers and the efficient substrate layer of HEPA; The fibre diameter of described layers of nanofibers is the 0.05-0.5 micron, and basic weight is 3x10 ^-7-6x10 ^-5Gm-cm ^-2, average pore size is the 0.01-100 micron, layer thickness is the 0.05-50 micron; The efficient substrate layer of HEPA comprises nonwoven layers, comprises that basic weight is 0.2oz-yd ^-2-350 lb-3000ft ^-2, thickness is the 0.001-0.2 inch, the permeability of overall filtration device is 1-200ft-min ^-2, 0.5 inch (water) Δ P is with 10ft-min ^-1The speed efficient of removing 0.1 micron particles be 35-99.99995%, with 10ft-min ^-1The speed efficient of removing 0.76 micron particles be 80-98%.

55., when wherein said nanofiber carries out 16 hours test under the temperature of 140 ℉ and relative air humidity are 100% test condition, keep surpassing that 30% fiber is constant is used to filter purpose as the method for claim 54.

56. as the method for claim 55, wherein said method comprises the step of guiding air pulse by described medium bag, to remove the particle that is collected in the described medium bag.

57. as the method for claim 56, the orientation of wherein said pulse during with normal operation the flow direction of air opposite.

58. as the method for claim 57, wherein said pulse is removed and is surpassed 50% particle in the described medium bag.

59. as the method for claim 54, wherein:

(a) described guiding air comprises the air inlet duct that the described air of guiding enters engine by the step of medium bag, and the rated capacity of engine charge stream is 50-500cfm.

60. as the method for claim 54, wherein:

(a) described guiding air comprises that by the step of medium bag the described air of guiding by filtration members, comprises described medium bag and sealing system; Described sealing system comprises frame structure and seal member;

(ii) described seal member is supported by the extension of described frame structure; With

(iii) described seal member forms radial seal in described extension and engine intake pipeline enclosure.

61. as the method for claim 54, wherein:

(a) described guiding air comprises the air inlet duct that the guiding air enters gas turbine engine systems by the step of medium bag.

62. as the method for claim 57, wherein:

(a) the described guiding air step that enters the air inlet duct of gas turbine engine systems comprises the air inlet duct that the guiding air enters gas turbine engine systems, comprising:

(i) tube sheet has at least one through hole;

(ii) collar tube sub-assembly is detachable passes through described hole with installing replaceably; Described medium bag is fixed by described collar tube sub-assembly;

(iii) flange to small part around described collar tube sub-assembly; With

(iv) seal member pressurized between described flange and tube sheet seals to form betwixt.

63. as the method for claim 55, wherein:

(a) described guiding air comprises that by the step of medium bag the guiding air enters the air inlet of fuel cell system, comprises filter assemblies and downstream fuel cell.

64. as the method for claim 63, wherein:

(a) described guiding air comprises that by the step of medium bag the guiding air enters the air inlet of fuel cell system, comprises the filter assemblies that is positioned at the fuel cell upstream, and described filter assemblies comprises:

(i) shell has entrance and exit, and inlet receives dirty atmosphere and enters filter assemblies, and outlet receives the cleaned air from filter assemblies;

(A) described medium bag operationally is installed in the described shell;

(ii) sound suppresses parts in described shell, and described sound inhibition parts are configured and are positioned to and can weaken 6dB at least; And described fuel cell has the air inlet port; Described filter assemblies is configured and settles the cleaned air with inherent filtration in future device assembly outlet that air inlet port to fuel cell is provided.

65. an air cleaner assembly comprises:

(a) shell comprises air intake, air outlet slit, and dividing wall is separated into filter chamber and cleaned air chamber with described shell; Described dividing wall comprises first airflow hole within it;

(b) first filtration device structure, first airflow hole on its position and the described dividing wall forms airflow connection; Described first filtration device structure comprises the extension of folding filter medium synthetic, limiting filter device inside configuration cleaned air chamber;

(i) described first filtration device structure is directed and makes described filter interior cleaned air chamber and described dividing wall first airflow hole form airflow connection;

(ii) described folding filter medium comprises layers of nanofibers and the efficient substrate layer of HEPA; The fibre diameter of described layers of nanofibers is the 0.05-0.5 micron, and basic weight is 3x10 ^-7-6x10 ^-5Gm-cm ^-2, average pore size is the 0.01-100 micron, thickness is the 0.05-50 micron; The efficient substrate layer of HEPA comprises nonwoven layers, comprises that basic weight is 0.2oz-yd ^-2-350 lb-3000ft ^-2, thickness is the 0.001-0.2 inch, the permeability of overall filtration device is 1-200ft-min ^-1, 0.5 inch (water) Δ P is with 10ft-min ^-1The speed efficient of removing 0.1 micron particles be 35-99.99995%, with 10ft-min ^-1The speed efficient of removing 0.76 micron particles be 80-98%; With

(d) pulsing jet purging system orientation enters the cleaned air chamber, inside of described filtration device structure with the guiding air pulse.

66. as the air cleaner assembly of claim 65, be under 100% the test condition after the test 16 hours at the temperature of 140 ℉ and relative air humidity, it is constant to keep surpassing 30% fiber, is used to filter purpose.

67. as the air cleaner assembly of claim 65, wherein said nanofiber comprises polymer.

68. as the air cleaner assembly of claim 67, wherein said polymer comprises condensation polymer.

69. as the air cleaner assembly of claim 67, wherein said polymer comprises addition polymers.

70. as the air cleaner assembly of claim 68, wherein said polymer comprises nylon, by cyclic lactames and C _6-10Diamine monomer or C _6-10Except the copolymer that diacid monomer forms, and resin additive, it is an oligomer, molecular weight is 500-3000 and the aromatic series feature is arranged that wherein said additive easily is blended in the described condensation polymer.

71. as the air cleaner assembly of claim 68, wherein said condensation polymer comprises nylon.

72. the air cleaner assembly as claim 65 also comprises:

(a) the first venturi parts are installed in first airflow hole of described dividing wall, and are positioned to outstanding position, cleaned air chamber, the inside of described first filtration device structure; Wherein

(i) described pulsing jet purging system comprises first blower, and orientation enters the described first venturi parts with the guiding air pulse from the cleaned air chamber, and towards described first filtration device structure.

73. as the air cleaner assembly of claim 65, wherein:

(a) described first filtration device structure comprises first end cap with medium pore, and the extension of described filter medium is embedded in described first end cap.

74. as the air cleaner assembly of claim 65, wherein:

(a) described first filtration device structure comprises first and second filtration members of axially-aligned;

(i) extension of described folding filter medium synthetic is included in first extension of the medium in described first filtration members and second extension of the medium in described second filtration members.

75. as the air cleaner assembly of claim 65, wherein:

(a) described dividing wall comprises second airflow hole within it; Also comprise with wherein said assembly:

(i) second filtration device structure, described second airflow hole on its position and the described dividing wall forms airflow connection; Described second filtration device structure comprises the extension of folding filter medium synthetic, limits the inner cleaned air of second filtration device structure chamber;

(A) described second filtration device structure is directed second airflow hole that makes described second filter interior cleaned air chamber and described dividing wall and forms airflow connection; With

(B) the described folding filter medium synthetic of described second filtration device structure comprises that substrate to small part is covered by one deck fine fibre.

76. as the air cleaner assembly of claim 65, wherein:

(a) described dividing wall comprises second airflow hole on it; Also comprise with wherein said assembly:

(B) the described folding filter medium synthetic of described second filtration device structure comprises that substrate to small part is covered by one deck fine fibre;

(ii) the second venturi parts are installed in second airflow hole of described dividing wall, and are positioned to outstanding position, cleaned air chamber, the inside of described second filtration device structure;

(iii) second blower directedly enters the described second venturi parts with the guiding air pulse from described cleaned air chamber, and towards described second filtration device structure.

77. a method that is used for filtered air, this method comprises:

(a) the guiding air enters the filter chamber by the shell inlet; Described shell comprises that dividing wall separates the filter chamber from the cleaned air chamber; Described dividing wall is included in first airflow hole above it;

(b) after the guiding air enters the filter chamber, the guiding air enters the cleaned air chamber, inside of filtration device structure by the extension of the folding filter synthetic of first filtration device structure; First filtration device structure be placed in dividing wall on first airflow hole form airflow connection; The cleaned air chamber of the extension limiting filter device inside configuration of folding filter medium synthetic;

(i) first filtration device structure first airflow hole that is directed the cleaned air chamber that makes filter interior and dividing wall forms airflow connection;

(ii) described filter synthetic comprises layers of nanofibers and the efficient substrate layer of HEPA; The fibre diameter of layers of nanofibers is the 0.05-0.5 micron, and basic weight is 3 x10 ^-7-6x10 ^-5Gm-cm ^-2, average pore size is the 0.01-100 micron, thickness is the 0.05-50 micron; The efficient substrate layer of HEPA comprises nonwoven layers, comprises that basic weight is 0.2oz-yd ^-2-350 lb-3000ft ^-2, layer thickness is the 0.001-0.2 inch, the permeability of overall filtration device is 1-200ft-min ^-1, 0.5 inch (water) Δ P is with 10ft-min ^-1The speed efficient of removing 0.1 micron particles be 35-99.99995%, with 10ft-min ^-1The speed efficient of removing 0.76 micron particles be 80-98%; With

(c) after the extension that guides air by the pleated filter media synthetic of first filtration device structure entered the inner cleaned air of filtration device structure chamber, the guiding air entered the cleaned air chamber and leaves described shell.

78. as the method for claim 77, be under 100% the test condition after the test 16 hours at the temperature of 140 ℉ and relative air humidity wherein, it is constant to surpass 30% fiber, is used to filter purpose.

79., comprise that also the guiding air pulse enters the inner cleaned air of filtration device structure chamber, removes the particle that is collected on the pleated filter media synthetic to small part as the method for claim 77.

80. method as claim 79, wherein said guiding air pulse enters the inner cleaned air of described filtration device structure chamber, remove the step that is collected in the particle on the pleated filter media synthetic to small part, comprise that the guiding air pulse enters the venturi parts, the inner cleaned air of first filtration device structure chamber is charged in its installation.

81. method as claim 77, wherein said shell dividing wall comprises a plurality of extensions of the pleated filter media synthetic of a plurality of filtration device structures, and wherein the extension of each pleated filter media synthetic limits the inner cleaned air of filtration device structure chamber separately.

82., comprise that also the guiding air pulse enters the inner cleaned air of each filtration device structure chamber, removes the particle that is collected on each pleated filter media synthetic to small part as the method for claim 77.

83. method as claim 79, wherein said guiding air pulse enters the inner cleaned air of each filtration device structure chamber, remove the step that is collected in the particle on each pleated filter media synthetic to small part, comprise that the guiding air pulse enters a plurality of venturi parts, each parts is installed the inner cleaned air of the filtration device structure chamber of charging into separately.

84. as the method for claim 77, go back the described medium of involving vibrations, so that small part is removed the particle that is collected on the pleated filter media synthetic.

85. filtration device structure that is used for air in the filtering gas turbine inlet air system, described air inlet has environment temperature and humidity and is 50%RH at least, described structure comprises, air inlet at gas turbine engine systems, at least one filtration members, described filtration members has the medium bag, constitutes tubular structure and structure qualification open filter interior; Described open filter interior is the cleaned air chamber, and described medium bag comprises the foldable structure of dielectric composition, and described dielectric composition comprises layers of nanofibers and the efficient substrate layer of HEPA; The fibre diameter of layers of nanofibers is the 0.05-0.5 micron, and basic weight is 3 x10 ^-7-6x10 ^-5Gm-cm ^-2, average pore size is the 0.01-100 micron, thickness is the 0.05-50 micron; The efficient substrate layer of HEPA comprises nonwoven layers, comprises that basic weight is 0.2oz-yd ^-2-350 lb-3000ft ^-2, layer thickness is the 0.001-0.2 inch, the permeability of overall filtration device is 1-200ft-min ^-1, 0.5 inch (water) Δ P is with 10ft-min ^-1The speed efficient of removing 0.1 micron particles be 35-99.99995%, with 10ft-min ^-1The speed efficient of removing 0.76 micron particles be 80-98%.

86. as the structure of claim 85, wherein said nanofiber comprises the polymer synthetic, it is addition polymers or condensation polymer.

87. as the structure of claim 85, wherein said substrate comprises cellulose fibre, synthetic fibers or its mixture.

88. as the structure of claim 86, wherein said condensation polymer comprises additive, it is an oligomer, and molecular weight is 500-3000 and the aromatic series feature is arranged that do not have moieties, wherein said additive easily is blended in the described condensation polymer.

89. as the structure of claim 86, wherein said condensation polymer comprises nylon homopolymer, nylon copolymer or its mixture.

90. a method that is used for filtering gas turbine inlet air system air, described gas turbine is worked under the temperature of 140 ℉-350 ℉, and inhaled air has environment temperature, and humidity is 50%RH at least, and this method may further comprise the steps:

(a) near the air inlet of gas turbine engine systems filter is installed, described filter comprises at least one filtration members, and described filtration members has the medium bag and forms tubular structure, limits open filter interior; Described open filter interior is the cleaned air chamber, and described medium bag comprises the foldable structure of dielectric composition, and described dielectric composition comprises layers of nanofibers and the efficient substrate layer of HEPA; The fibre diameter of layers of nanofibers is the 0.05-0.5 micron, and basic weight is 3 x10 ^-7-6x10 ^-5Gm-cm ^-2, average pore size is the 0.01-100 micron, thickness is the 0.05-50 micron; The efficient substrate layer of HEPA comprises nonwoven layers, comprises that basic weight is 0.2oz-yd ^-2-350 lb-3000ft ^-2, thickness is the 0.001-0.2 inch, the permeability of overall filtration device is 1-200ft-min ^-1, 0.5 inch (water) Δ P is with 10ft-min ^-1The speed efficient of removing 0.1 micron particles be 35-99.99995%, with 10ft-min ^-1The speed efficient of removing 0.76 micron particles be 80-98%; With

(b) the guiding inhaled air enters the air inlet of gas turbine engine systems.

91. as the method for claim 90, wherein said nanofiber comprises addition polymers or condensation polymer.

92. method as claim 90, wherein said nanofiber comprises condensation polymer and additive, and described additive is an oligomer, and molecular weight is 500-3000 and the aromatic series feature is arranged, do not contain the alkylphenol part, wherein said additive easily is blended in the described condensation polymer.

93. as the method for claim 91, wherein said condensation polymer comprises nylon polymer.

94. method as claim 90, the air inlet that wherein said guiding air enters gas turbine engine systems has the step of at least one filtration members, it is right to comprise that the air inlet that guides air to enter gas turbine engine systems has a plurality of filtration members, each filtration members is to comprising the first tubular filter spare with described medium bag, and sealing has an end of the second tubular filter spare of described medium bag; Each of the first and second tubular filter spares limits the cleaned air chamber.

95. as the method for claim 90, wherein said guiding air enters the step of the air inlet with the right gas turbine engine systems of a plurality of filtration members, comprises that the guiding air enters the first tubular filter spare and the second tubular filter spare; Wherein the first tubular filter spare is a cylindricality, and the second tubular filter spare is conical.

96., comprise that also the guiding air pulse enters each right cleaned air chamber of each filtration members, removes the particle that is collected in each described medium bag to small part as the method for claim 90.

97. a method that is used for the filtering gas turbine inlet air system, inhaled air has environment temperature, and humidity is 50%RH at least,

(a) the guiding inhaled air enters the air inlet of the gas turbine engine systems with at least one filtration members, and described filtration members has the medium bag and forms tubular structure and structure qualification open filter interior; Described open filter interior is the cleaned air chamber, and described medium bag comprises the foldable structure of dielectric composition, and described dielectric composition comprises to the substrate of small part by the covering of one deck fine fibre, comprises the efficient substrate layer of layers of nanofibers and HEPA; The fibre diameter of layers of nanofibers is the 0.05-0.5 micron, and basic weight is 3 x10 ^-7-6 x 10 ^-5Gm-cm ^-2, average pore size is the 0.01-100 micron, layer thickness is the 0.05-50 micron; The efficient substrate layer of HEPA comprises nonwoven layers, comprises that basic weight is 0.2oz-yd ^-2-350 lb-3000ft ^-2, layer thickness is the 0.001-0.2 inch, the permeability of overall filtration device is 1-200ft-min ^-1, 0.5 inch (water) Δ P is with 10ft-min ^-1The speed efficient of removing 0.1 micron particles be 35-99.99995%, with 10ft-min ^-1The speed efficient of removing 0.76 micron particles be 80-98%; With

(b) the described air of guiding enters described open filter interior and purifies described air by the medium bag of described filtration members.

98. as the method for claim 97, wherein said fine fibre comprises addition polymers or condensation polymer.

99. as the method for claim 98, wherein said condensation polymer comprises nylon.

100. method as claim 97, wherein said guiding air enters the step of the air inlet of the gas turbine engine systems with at least one filtration members, comprise that the guiding air enters the air inlet with the right gas turbine engine systems of a plurality of filtration members, each filtration members is to comprising the first tubular filter spare with described medium bag, and sealing has an end of the second tubular filter spare of described medium bag; Each first and second tubular filter spare limits the cleaned air chamber.

As the method for claim 97, wherein said guiding air enters the step of the air inlet with the right gas turbine engine systems of a plurality of filtration members, comprises that the guiding air enters the first tubular filter spare and the second tubular filter spare; The wherein said first tubular filter spare is a cylindricality, and the described second tubular filter spare is conical.

As the method for claim 97, comprise that also the guiding air pulse enters each right cleaned air chamber of each filtration members, removes to small part and is collected in the particle that each described medium is wrapped.

A kind of filtration system that is used for the sealing place of human living, this system comprises filter core, comprises filter medium, comprises the efficient substrate layer of layers of nanofibers and HEPA; The fibre diameter of layers of nanofibers is the 0.05-0.5 micron, and basic weight is 3x10 ^-7-6x10 ^-5Gm-cm ^-2, average pore size is the 0.01-100 micron, thickness is the 0.05-50 micron; The efficient substrate layer of HEPA comprises nonwoven layers, comprises that basic weight is 0.2oz-yd ^-2-350 lb-3000ft ^-2, layer thickness is the 0.001-0.2 inch, the permeability of overall filtration device substrate is 1-200ft-min ^-1, 0.5 inch (water) Δ P is with 10ft-min ^-1The speed efficient of removing 0.1 micron particles be 35-99.99995%, with 10ft-min ^-1The speed efficient of removing 0.76 micron particles be 80-98%, the master-plan flow velocity of described filter core is the 5-10000 cubic feet/min.

As the system of claim 103, wherein said filter core comprises dull and stereotyped filter core.

As the system of claim 103, wherein said filter medium folds.

As the system of claim 105, the scrimp degree of depth of wherein said folding filter medium is 0.25-4

Inch.

As the system of claim 103, wherein said filter core comprises the cylindricality filter core.

As the system of claim 107, the girth of wherein said cylindricality filter core is the 3-30 inch.

As the system of claim 103, wherein said system is military structure.

110. a filtration system that is used for the enclosure portion of human means of transport, this system comprises filter core, comprises filter medium, comprises the efficient substrate layer of layers of nanofibers and HEPA; The fibre diameter of layers of nanofibers is the 0.05-0.5 micron, and basic weight is 3 x10 ^-7-6 x 10 ^-5Gm-cm ^-2, average pore size is the 0.01-100 micron, thickness is the 0.05-50 micron; The efficient substrate layer of HEPA comprises nonwoven layers, comprises that basic weight is 0.2oz-yd ^-2-350 lb-3000ft ^-2, layer thickness is the 0.001-0.2 inch, the permeability of overall filtration device substrate is 1-200ft-min ^-1, 0.5 inch (water) Δ P is with 10ft-min ^-1The speed efficient of removing 0.1 micron particles be 35-99.99995%, with 10ft-min ^-1The speed efficient of removing 0.76 micron particles be 80 to 99.99995%, the master-plan flow velocity of described filter core is the 5-10000 cubic feet/min.

111. as the system of claim 110, wherein said filter core comprises dull and stereotyped filter core.

12. as the system of claim 110, wherein said filter medium folds.

113. as the system of claim 112, the scrimp degree of depth of wherein said folding filter medium is the 0.25-4 inch.

114. as the system of claim 110, wherein said filter core comprises the cylindricality filter core.

115. as the system of claim 114, the girth of wherein said cylindricality filter core is the 3-30 inch.

116. as the system of claim 110, wherein said system is the military vehicles.

117. as the system of claim 116, the wherein said vehicles are tanks, APC, truck or HMVEE.

118. as the system of claim 116, the wherein said vehicles are aircrafts.

119. a filtration system that is used for the personal breathing apparatus, this system comprises the face shield that covers mouth and nose at least, and described face shield comprises at least one air inlet, and described air inlet comprises filter core, comprises filter medium, comprises the efficient substrate layer of layers of nanofibers and HEPA; The fibre diameter of layers of nanofibers is the 0.05-0.5 micron, and basic weight is 3 x10 ^-7-6x10 ^-5Gm-cm ^-2, average pore size is the 0.01-100 micron, thickness is the 0.05-50 micron; The efficient substrate layer of HEPA comprises nonwoven layers, comprises that basic weight is 0.2oz-yd ^-2-350 lb-3000ft ^-2, layer thickness is the 0.001-0.2 inch, the permeability of overall filtration device substrate is 1-200ft-min ^-1, 0.5 inch (water) Δ P is with 10ft-min ^-1The speed efficient of removing 0.1 micron particles be 35-99.99995%, with 10ft-min ^-1The speed efficient of removing 0.76 micron particles be 80-98%, the master-plan flow velocity of described filter core is the 0.2-3 cubic feet/min.

120. as the system of claim 119, wherein said filter core comprises dull and stereotyped filter core.

121. as the system of claim 119, wherein said filter medium folds.

122. as the system of claim 121, the scrimp degree of depth of wherein said pleated filter media is the 0.125-2 inch.

123. as the system of claim 119, wherein said filter core comprises the cylindricality filter core.

124. as the system of claim 123, the girth of wherein said cylindricality filter core is the 3-30 inch.

125. as the system of claim 119, wherein said system is military face shield.

126. a filtration system that is used to filter the liquid that is entrained with particle load, this system comprise the pipeline that is used for liquid stream, placing the opposite of liquid stream is filter core, and filter core comprises filter medium, comprises the efficient substrate layer of layers of nanofibers and HEPA; The fibre diameter of layers of nanofibers is the 0.05-0.5 micron, and basic weight is 3 x10 ^-7-6x10 ^-5Gm-cm ^-2, average pore size is the 0.01-100 micron, thickness is the 0.05-50 micron; The efficient substrate layer of HEPA comprises nonwoven layers, comprises that basic weight is 0.2oz-yd-2-350 lb-3000ft ^-2, layer thickness is the 0.001-0.2 inch, the permeability of overall filtration device substrate is 1-200ft-min ^-1, 0.5 inch (water) Δ P is with 10ft-min ^-1The speed efficient of removing 0.1 micron particles be 35-99.99995%, with 10ft-min ^-1The speed efficient of removing 0.76 micron particles be 80-98%, the master-plan flow velocity of described filter core is the 5-10000 cubic feet/min.

127. as the system of claim 126, wherein said filter core comprises dull and stereotyped filter core.

128. as the system of claim 126, wherein said filter medium folds.

129. as the system of claim 128, the scrimp degree of depth of wherein said pleated filter media is the 0.25-4 inch.

130. as the system of claim 126, wherein said filter core comprises the cylindricality filter core.

131. as the system of claim 130, the girth of wherein said cylindricality filter core is the 3-30 inch.

132. a filtration system that is used to filter the liquid that is entrained with particle load, this system comprise that liquid stream has transverse flow passages by filter surfaces, described filter comprises filtration members, comprises the efficient substrate layer of layers of nanofibers and HEPA; The fibre diameter of layers of nanofibers is the 0.05-0.5 micron, and basic weight is 3x10 ^-7-6x10 ^-5Gm-cm ^-2, average pore size is the 0.01-100 micron, thickness is the 0.05-50 micron; The efficient substrate layer of HEPA comprises nonwoven layers, comprises that basic weight is 0.2oz-yd ^-2-350 lb-3000ft ^-2, layer thickness is the 0.001-0.2 inch, the permeability of overall filtration device substrate is 1-200ft-min ^-1, 0.5 inch (water) Δ P is with 10ft-min ^-1The speed efficient of removing 0.1 micron particles be 35-99.99995%, with 10ft-min ^-1The speed efficient of removing 0.76 micron particles be 80-98%, the master-plan flow velocity of described filter core is the 5-10000 cubic feet/min; Described filter passes through a part of fluid, and stays particle.

133. as the system of claim 132, wherein said filter core comprises dull and stereotyped filter core.

134. as the system of claim 132, wherein said particle is recovered.

135. as the system of claim 132, wherein said filter core comprises the cylindricality filter core.

136. as the system of claim 135, the girth of wherein said cylindricality filter core is the 3-30 inch.