CN100483412C - Method for accurately converting GIS vector data into KML - Google Patents
Method for accurately converting GIS vector data into KML Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for precisely converting GIS vector data to KML, which resolves the problems of insufficient precision and random display type in the prior art. In order to overcome the existing technological problem, the technical proposal of the invention is: a method for precisely converting GIS vector data to KML; the method takes GIS vector data as data source and converts vector data to KMKL document that can be displayed at the client of Google Earth via a symbol library configuration document and coordinate conversion procedure. Therefore, the invention realizes the precise conversion of space and tribute information of GIS vector data, so as to ensure enhanced expression of converted KML data and satisfy the basic requirements for the commercial development of Google Earth.
Description
Technical field:
What the present invention relates to is a kind of method that is used for GIS vector data accurate transformation is become KML.
Background technology:
The appearance of Google Earth has brought huge impact to traditional GIS, Google Earth has geographical image data of global high definition and advantage such as image network transfer speeds faster, it has begun to be penetrated into many aspects of people's daily life, people are also more and more higher to concern and the usage degree of Google Earth, use Google Earth to understand to its image data, and the KML file that Google Earth carries is the sole mode that image data is understood, KML is a kind of file based on the XML syntax format, we can obtain KML in several ways, as hand-coding, Google Earth system generation etc., but these method inefficiencies, and precision is not enough, is a kind of quick by traditional GIS vector data being transformed into KML, obtain the approach of KMI efficiently.
In the prior art, general GIS software all has the module that the vector data of corresponding form is converted to KML, the method ultimate principle that these modules are used is identical, all comprise three parts, the one, the conversion of spatial information, the conversion of spatial information is exactly the conversion of coordinate data in essence, and the coordinate data under the coordinate system of non-WGS84 directly is converted to coordinate data under the WGS84 coordinate system, and then coordinate data information is write the KML file; The 2nd, the control of point-line-surface Show Styles, the symbolic library that Google Earth does not carry, control to the Show Styles of point-line-surface is to realize by the label of KML, because the label that relates to is numerous, be difficult to control, only several labels such as color and width are controlled the Show Styles of the point-line-surface among the KML with upper module, and the generation of color is at random that width value is given tacit consent to.The 3rd, the conversion of attribute information, the conversion of attribute information are meant the attribute information of the GIS various labels with KML are manifested with multiple expression way.
By practical application and theoretical research, we find that there is obvious defects in the conversion of above-mentioned module, mainly comprise two aspects, the one, precision is not enough, this mainly is at China, what usually adopt at China's vector data is Beijing 54 coordinate systems or Xi'an 80 coordinate systems, and the two is externally open as yet to seven parameters of WGS84 coordinate system conversion, all has tens meters skew on the Google Earth so utilize KML stacked data after the above-mentioned module converts to be added to; The 2nd, the form of expression confusion of KML dotted line face, owing to do not have symbolic library among the Google Earth, control to point-line-surface is to control by the label of KML dotted line face correspondence, above-mentioned module is used for the label of the Show Styles control of KML dotted line face or produces at random, or default value, that is to say that these modules do not have unified standard to the control of the point-line-surface among the KML, so same vector data carries out multiple conversions, the Show Styles of the KML data that obtain is inequality, promptly has randomness.
Technical scheme:
The invention provides the method that a kind of GIS vector data accurate transformation becomes KML, to overcome the not enough and bigger problem of Show Styles randomness of precision that prior art exists.
For overcoming the problem that prior art exists, technical scheme of the present invention is: a kind of GIS vector data accurate transformation becomes the method for KML, be that vector data with GIS is as data source, by the step of symbolic library configuration file and coordinate conversion, the vector data of GIS is converted into the method for the KML file that can show in Google Earth client.
Concrete technical scheme of the present invention is: a kind of GIS vector data accurate transformation becomes the method for KML, comprises the steps:
(1) the KML class is write: adopt OO thought, regard each label of KML file as an object and encapsulate, form the KML class;
(2) design of symbolic library configuration file and making: the symbolic library configuration file adopts the form of Access table, is master index with the code field, and the display properties of control point-line-surface is set by field in the table; The principle of classification of symbolic library configuration file is state's mark system and thematic data;
(3) vector data to needs conversions carries out pretreatment operation: comprise that data topology inspection, code field null value check and merge according to user's request the vector data of same names;
(4) obtain seven parameters: seven parameters can be obtained by dual mode, and the one, obtain by the reference mark coordinate Calculation, the 2nd, directly obtain from local Mapping departments;
(5) the GIS vector data is converted to KML: comprise pattern and the classification display height that utilizes the symbolic library configuration file to control the KML dotted line face that generates, the precision two parts that utilize the KML of seven parameter control transformation generation;
(6) KML after will changing shows in Google Earth client, checks the effect of judging after the conversion that shows in Google Earth client, if do not meet user's demand then return step (1), adjusts the symbolic library configuration file.
What seven parameters of obtaining by the reference mark coordinate Calculation in the said method adopted is boolean Sha model and least square method.
What utilize in the said method that the precision of the KML that seven parameter control transformation generate adopts is boolean Sha model and Ozone algorithm.
In the above-mentioned step (5) the GIS vector data is converted among the KML when the vector data that needs conversion to as if during point, the spatial information that need change during the analysis site data-switching and attribute information content are set up transformation model; When the vector data of needs conversions to as if during line, the spatial information that need change during the analytical line data-switching and attribute information content are set up transformation model; When the vector data of needs conversions to as if during face, spatial information and the attribute information content that need change when analyzing the face data-switching are set up transformation model.
Above-mentioned steps is utilized transformation model in (5), programs on the DOTNET software platform, realizes the GIS vector data is converted to KML.
The present invention be for a long time to the research of Google Earth, analyze on the basis of general character of GIS vector data and KML, absorbed that OO method research forms.The present invention has the following advantages with respect to prior art:
1, this method flexibility and reliability, be easy to realize: basic ideas of the present invention are to realize the spatial information of GIS vector data and the accurate transformation of attribute information.The conversion of spatial information is the conversion of GIS vector data dotted line areal coordinate information just, extract by the coordinate information of program the GIS vector data, and the coordinate data of GIS vector data is the coordinate under the WGS84 coordinate system by seven parameter accurate transformation, control by the Show Styles of the point-line-surface of symbolic library configuration file after then conversion.The conversion of attribute information is then more flexible, control by the user fully, the attribute information of conversion has multiple expression mode in KML, mainly comprise＜name 〉,＜document,＜description and＜folder etc. the KML label, wherein based on＜description 〉.The label of KML is supported the embedding of html language, can express with multiple modes such as form, network linkings.
2, be easy to customize standard: generally, the GIS vector data comprises three types of point-line-surfaces, on map, represented different types of ground objects respectively, in state's mark system, represent with different code fields usually, in other words, the basic goal of the symbolic library of GIS vector data is exactly to distinguish the atural object of different coding field representative, so do not have at Google Earth under the situation of symbolic library, difference according to the raw data code field, the mode of employing data base configuration file defines the symbol presentation style of the point-line-surface after the conversion, can better show atural object for data under the different states mark system or various thematic data customization standard set symbol configuration file, the user can discern atural object more easily.
3, precision height and Show Styles are fixed: the present invention breaks through conventional thought, adopts the mode of configuration file that the Show Styles of point-line-surface is controlled, and the KML after the conversion just can show with open arms in Google Earth client; Utilize seven parameter accurate transformation vector datas, guaranteed a corresponding relation of atural object with the Google Earth client image data of the point-line-surface representative after the conversion.
4, efficient height: adopt the Ozone algorithm to combine the conversion that realizes coordinate system with boolean Sha model, the ill-condition equation of having avoided traditional iterative algorithm to be easy to generate has improved counting yield.
5, application prospect is good: GIS vector data accurate transformation becomes the method for KML that thinking correct, science is provided for we utilize GoogleEarth to commercialize, this method is the basis and the precondition of carrying out based on the GoogleEarth exploitation, have only the GIS of realization vector data accurate transformation to become KML, we just can understand the image data of Google Earth, and then utilize Google Earth to use.We can combine Google Earth and carry out a series of commercial the application with other advanced technology and method in addition.Specifically, GIS vector data accurate transformation becomes the method for KML can be applied in the following aspects:
1. the geographical image data that Google Earth is provided is understood;
2. thematic data is converted to the KML Google Earth client that is added to, strengthened the data representation ability;
3. spatial information and the attribute information with the GIS vector data stores in the database, so that carry out query manipulation, generates KML in real time, shows in Google Earth client.
Description of drawings:
Fig. 1 becomes the process flow diagram of the method for KML for invention GIS vector data accurate transformation;
Fig. 2 changes seven parameters for coordinates computed, and realizes the method for coordinate conversion according to seven parameters;
Fig. 3 is the making process flow diagram of symbolic library configuration file;
Fig. 4 is the process flow diagram of the coordinate conversion process of point-line-surface.
Embodiment:
Referring to Fig. 1, the present invention becomes the method for KML to comprise following six steps GIS vector data accurate transformation, and wherein step 1 and 2 is relatively independent, and step 1 and 2 is the preconditions of carrying out the basis of subsequent step.
(1) the KML class is write;
KML is a file based on XML grammer and file layout, is used for describing and preserves geography information such as point, line, picture, broken line and show among Google Earth client.KML is handled almost by process and the viewed device of html web page that Google Earth client shows, and the same with HTML, and KML also uses a kind of syntax format based on label (title and attribute) to describe markup information in the ground.In the process of data-switching, in the process of conversion, adopt the mode of written document directly label to be write very inconvenience of file, and reduced efficient.The markup language of KML is packaged into the KML class that can directly call, can conveniently realizes of the conversion of GIS vector data to KML in conjunction with the API of GoogleEarth.
The KML class what write employing is OO thought, all regard each label of KML as an object, realize by constructed fuction, mode such as enumerate.
(2) design of symbolic library configuration file and making
This step does not have symbolic library at Google Earth and designs, and the symbolic library configuration file adopts the form of Access table, is master index with the code field, and the display properties of control point-line-surface is set by field in the table; The principle of classification of symbolic library configuration file is state's mark system and thematic data, that is to say according to the difference or the thematic data of state's mark system and formulate different symbolic library configuration files, promptly formulate different Access tables of data according to the difference or the thematic data of state's mark system.
Referring to Fig. 3, the symbolic library configuration file that Fig. 3 is in the present embodiment to be adopted is made flow process, and the design and fabrication of symbolic library configuration file is to be used for the symbol Show Styles of data after the control transformation.The step of specific implementation is as follows:
1.1 set up the symbolic library configuration file according to original GIS vector data, promptly set up the Access tables of data, raw data is because the difference of engineer's scale may belong to different state's mark systems, also may be owing to belong to the category of thematic data, so we will or set up different Access tables of data according to the classification searching of raw data, add field for newly-built Access tables of data according to self-defined requirement.
1.2 the value of the code field in the extraction raw data is added in the Code field of Access tables of data, and according to the difference of field Shape, is point, line and face with data qualification.
1.3 last operation is according to user's demand and actual requirement, the Symbol Style of establishment different coding.
In the present embodiment, be provided with Shape, Name (title), Code (coding), SHeight (beginning to show height) and the total field of EHeight (finishing to show height) in the described Access tables of data, wherein the object of field Shape has three values, i.e. Point, Polyline and Polygon again and only.Point, Polyline have different field attributes respectively with Polygon Show Styles are separately controlled.
When Shape to as if during Point, the field that its control character shows and as follows: KIconhref---＜Iconhref corresponding to the label of KML 〉, KIconx＜x, KIcony＜y 〉, KIconw---＜w 〉, KIconz---＜z 〉, KScale---＜scale 〉.In the above field, KIconhref control chart target chained address, KIconx, KIcony, KIconw and KIconz
When Shape to as if during Polyline, the field that its control character shows and as follows: KColor＜color corresponding to the label of KML 〉, KWidth＜width, KColormode---＜colorMode 〉.
When Shape to as if during Polygon, the field that its control character shows and as follows: KColor＜color corresponding to the label of KML 〉, KWidth＜width 〉, KFill---＜fill 〉, KOutline---＜outline 〉, KColormode＜colorMode 〉.
(3) vector data to the needs conversion carries out pretreatment operation;
The data pretreatment operation is primarily aimed at is the operation that former data mistake that may exist and data repeat, specifically, the problem that mainly solves of data pretreatment operation have data topology mistake, data do not have code field, digital coding for empty, with the title data etc.The data pretreatment operation can realize in the software of vector data correspondence, by table one pretreated problem of our detail knowledge data and solution.
Table one data pretreatment operation
| The data pretreatment operation | Purpose | Take measures | Remarks |
| The data topology mistake | Reduce data redundancy | In corresponding software, check topological mistake, correct | |
| Data do not have code field | The control character Show Styles | Add code field | |
| Digital coding is empty | The control character Show Styles | Add the coded word segment value | |
| With the title data | Reduce data redundancy | Merging is with the title data |
(4) obtain seven parameters
Seven parameters obtained two kinds of approach, the one, obtain from local Mapping departments, the 2nd, calculate according to the reference mark.Owing to obtain certain restriction from local Mapping departments, and the accuracy requirement for data converted is not too high, so generally take to calculate according to the reference mark method of seven parameters, the algorithm that calculates the employing of seven parameters is ripe boolean Sha model and least square method, is easy to realize.
(5) the GIS vector data is converted to KML
Referring to Fig. 1, the core content that the GIS vector data is converted to KML comprises spatial information conversion and attribute information conversion two parts.
1, spatial information conversion
Spatial information conversion comprise coordinate information conversion, utilize precision and the control classification of the KML that seven parameter control transformation generate to show height three parts.
1.1, the conversion of coordinate information
It is identical that point-line-surface isovector data-switching becomes the KML basic step, just the symbolic library configuration file with attribute information conversion be provided with aspect some different, thereby produce the KML file of different manifestations.
After early stage, work was ready to, just can programs and realize the conversion of data.The conversion of point, line and face says it all is the conversion of coordinate from root, but all has different treatment schemees separately.
Referring to Fig. 4, Fig. 4 is the process flow diagram of the coordinate space information translation process of point, line and face.
The point conversion if data are point diagram layers, is then directly read coordinate data a little, be converted to new coordinate data by above-mentioned coordinate system, call KML class and symbolic library preparation file then, will be worth and compose to label＜Point〉subtab＜coordinate, and the Symbol Style at reference mark.
The line conversion, if data are line chart layers, then at first how much set (GeomCollection) of read line, it segment that comprises set (SegmentCollection) of analysis and judgement then, read the coordinate information of the node of each segment set, require to form the coordinate string of this segment set according to the coordinate of KML, at last together with all segment set coordinate string assembles, form the coordinate character string of this line, call KML class and symbolic library preparation file then, to be worth and compose give label＜Linestring〉subtab＜coordinate, and the Symbol Style of control line.
The face conversion, if data are face figure layers, then at first read the outer shroud (ExteriorRing) of this face, extract the coordinate requirement formation outer cyclic coordinate string of the coordinate data information of outer shroud according to KML, call the KML class, to be worth and compose give label＜Polygon〉subtab＜OuterBoundaryIs subtab＜coordinate, judge then whether this face contains interior ring (InteriorRing), if the coordinate data information that has then encircle in reading requires to form interior cyclic coordinate string according to the coordinate of KML, call KML class and symbolic library preparation file, to be worth and compose give label＜Polygon〉subtab＜InnerBoundaryIs subtab＜coordinate, and the Symbol Style of chain of command, if not then skip, at last with label＜OuterBoundaryIs〉and＜InnerBoundaryIs〉integrate to compose and give father label＜Polygon.
1.2, utilize the precision of the KML that seven parameter control transformation generate
Change seven parameters referring to Fig. 2 coordinates computed of the present invention, and realize that according to seven parameters the method and the step of coordinate conversion are as follows:
1. the reference mark coordinate conversion is under the rectangular coordinate system in space;
2. utilize boolean Sha model and least square method to calculate seven parameters;
3. according to boolean Sha model and Ozone algorithm, the coordinate data of Xi'an 80 and Beijing 54 coordinate systems is transformed under the WGS84 coordinate system.
1.3, control classification shows height
KML file after point, line and the face data-switching, can be in the process that Google Earth client loads by the loaded and displayed process that begins to show height and end demonstration height control documents of KML is set, KML is by＜minLodPixels〉and＜maxLodPixels〉label controls it, wherein＜and minLodPixels〉label definition begins to show the pixel count of terrestrial reference, and is corresponding with field SHeight (beginning to show height) in the preparation file;＜maxLodPixels〉label definition begins to hide the pixel count of terrestrial reference, and is corresponding with field EHeight (finishing to show height) in the preparation file.Different latitude＜minLodPixels〉with＜maxLodPixels〉represented different beginning to show that height and end show height, area for different latitude, we grope by practice, find out the height and the corresponding relation of pixel count, in the preparation file, SHeight and EHeight field are set then.In the process of conversion KML, call the SHeight and the EHeight field of the coding correspondence of preparation file, and then the corresponding relation that utilizes height and pixel count converts among the KML＜minLodPixels〉and＜maxLodPixels〉label, realize layering is shown control highly.
2, attribute information conversion
The attribute information conversion comes down to the field information of GIS vector data optionally is described with the mode of KML.The conversion of attribute information is more flexible, fully by user control, the attribute information of conversion available multiple label in KML represents, as＜name 〉,＜document 〉,＜description〉and＜folder〉etc., wherein based on＜description 〉, and support HTML.
After finishing above-mentioned two steps, on the DOTNET software platform, program, realize the GIS vector data is converted to KML.
(6) KML is shown in Google Earth client, as undesirable, then return step (1), KML after the conversion is shown in Google Earth client, check to judge the effect after the conversion,, adjust the symbolic library configuration file if do not meet user's demand then return step (1), promptly redefine the Show Styles of point-line-surface, obtain final satisfactory KML file.
Claims (4)
1, a kind of GIS vector data accurate transformation becomes the method for KML, and it is characterized in that: described method may further comprise the steps:
(1) the KML class is write: adopt OO thought, regard each label of KML file as an object and encapsulate, form the KML class;
(2) design of symbolic library configuration file and making: the symbolic library configuration file adopts the form of Access table, is master index with the code field, and the display properties of control point-line-surface is set by field in the table; The principle of classification of symbolic library configuration file is state's mark system and thematic data;
(3) vector data to needs conversions carries out pretreatment operation: comprise that data topology inspection, code field null value check and merge according to user's request the vector data of same names;
(4) obtain seven parameters: seven parameters are obtained according to boolean Sha model and least square method calculating by the reference mark coordinate;
(5) the GIS vector data is converted to KML: comprise pattern and the classification display height that utilizes the symbolic library configuration file to control the KML dotted line face that generates, the precision two parts that utilize the KML of seven parameter control transformation generation;
(6) KML is shown in Google Earth client,, then return step (1), adjust the symbolic library configuration file as undesirable.
2, GIS vector data accurate transformation according to claim 1 becomes the method for KML, it is characterized in that: what utilize in the described step (5) that the precision of the KML that seven parameter control transformation generate adopts is boolean Sha model and Ozone algorithm.
3, GIS vector data accurate transformation according to claim 1 and 2 becomes the method for KML, it is characterized in that: in the described step (5) the GIS vector data is converted among the KML when the vector data of needs conversion to as if during point, the spatial information that need change during the analysis site data-switching and attribute information content are set up transformation model; When the vector data of needs conversions to as if during line, the spatial information that need change during the analytical line data-switching and attribute information content are set up transformation model; When the vector data of needs conversions to as if during face, spatial information and the attribute information content that need change when analyzing the face data-switching are set up transformation model.
4, GIS vector data accurate transformation according to claim 3 becomes the method for KML, it is characterized in that: described step is utilized transformation model in (5), programs on the DOTNET software platform, realizes the GIS vector data is converted to KML.
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