Heat-resisting, low expansion double capacity compound material core aluminum twisted wire and preparation method
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of transmission pressure that is applicable to grid, relate in particular to a kind of usefulness (non-metal base, resin-based) composite material and make core, make high voltage electricity transmission conductive wire of conductive layer and preparation method thereof with a watt type aluminum or aluminum alloy.
Background technology
Along with the continual and steady development of economic total volume, energy construction becomes the key of sustainable stable development.And electric power is the main body of the energy, and the most energy all will change into and be transferred to the user behind the electric power and just can be used effectively.The transmission of electric power is the main body of energy transmission, and therefore the electrical network of country becomes the main economic lifeline of a country, and power grid security also is the important component part of national security.China's capacity of installed generator reached 500,000,000 kilowatts in 2005, and China's capacity of installed generator will reach 900,000,000 kilowatts in 2010." 11.5 " planning in 3.8 ten thousand kilometers of newly-built high-tension lines, the important component part that old new road transformation simultaneously also is a power grid construction, particularly in the east, the coastal economy developed regions because circuit is intensive, land resource is in short supply, and the increase-volume of electrical network will be based on old network renovation.But no matter in new power grid construction and old electric network reconstruction, in order to improve ability to transmit electricity, improve circuit corridor efficiency of transmission, save the soil, save the forest reserves, new material, new technology, new product will be adopted in a large number, and the ability to transmit electricity that wherein how to improve power line becomes key problem in technology.
The above transmission line of 110kV is plain conductor at present, and conductor is steel reinforced aluminium conductor, aluminium alloy stranded conductor, aluminum-cladding stranded wire.Wherein
Steel reinforced aluminium conductor: bursting stress 290MPa (design stress is pressed 116MPa), tensile strength is medium, good electrical property, weight is medium, is used for the town and country transmission line in a large number, span 200-600m, unit shaft tower negligible amounts.Ultra-high-tension power transmission line accounts for more than 90% at present based on steel reinforced aluminium conductor.
Aluminium alloy stranded conductor: generally be used for the lightning conducter of transmission line, also can be used for lead, electrical property and stretching resistance are all moderate, but cost is higher.
Aluminum-cladding stranded wire: bursting stress big (1200MPa), electrical property is not good, and is heavier, and the unit sag is little.Cost is higher, only is used for big span, the big circuit of crossing over, about span 1000m.
Therefore the high-voltage power line overwhelming majority in the China and even the whole world is a steel reinforced aluminium conductor at present, the approach that increases its current capacity has two kinds: the sectional area that 1. increases lead, but correspondingly will improve the height of tower bar, not only the lead cost increases, and tower bar cost also increases simultaneously; 2. improve operating temperature, improving the lead operating temperature is a kind of method that improves ability to transmit electricity under the sectional area of wire situation effectively not increasing.Relevant studies show that, when 400/50 steel reinforced aluminium conductor serviceability temperature was 70 ℃, current-carrying was 583A, be increased to 80 ℃ after, current-carrying can reach 835A.Relevant studies show that, conductor temperature are brought up to about 140 ℃, and the electric wire ampacity of same external diameter can be enhanced about more than once.
Yet the ampacity of aerial condutor is subjected to the mechanical strength loss restriction behind the lead current-carrying heating.Studies show that after lead is surpassing the uniform temperature long-play, the strain of lead will be transformed into permanent deformation, be able to synchronous recovery after making the mechanical strength loss can't online temperature return to normal temperature.If the design ampacity is too high, cause that conductor temperature is higher and the mechanical strength loss is surpassed allow value, cause the lead sag to increase, wave that radius becomes big, antivibration ability drop and the fail safe that reduces circuit useful life and operation.Bring up to 80 ℃ as allowable temperature from 70 ℃, the difference of corresponding sag is about 1~3 meter, such sag difference, only can influence the part shaft tower, can not cause the consequence of generally increasing shaft tower, but,, will have a strong impact on existing pole and tower foundation and stringing rules because sag increases and the creep of steel core causes permanent deformation if will continue to improve operating temperature.
Desire to improve by a larger margin the working temperature of lead, corresponding necessary three problems that solve, 1.. and improve core intensity under the high temperature, 2.. reduce high temperature lower wire sag, 3.. reduce the resistance of aluminium conductor under the high temperature.For solving above-mentioned three problems, there is report to propose the technical scheme of " aluminum conductor modification+lightweight low bulk core ", wherein aluminium conductor adopts full annealing attitude aluminium (bringing loss of strength) and aluminum-zirconium alloy (adding micro-Zr), and these two kinds of aluminium conductors can be worked in 200 ℃ of-240 ℃ of scopes; Core then adopts Invar alloy core material (invar: contain 36% nickel, 64% iron) and lightweight, high strength, low-expansibility compound material core, the former good manufacturability, but than great, specific strength is low, the latter has advantages such as lightweight, high-strength, low bulk, its deficiency is that manufacturability is poor, and difficulty of construction is big, needs special stringing gold utensil.
Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Company has developed with Al
2O
3/ Al Metal Substrate composite filament is the aluminium stranded conductor product of core, at U. S. application the production patent (US 20040112565) of metal-base composites core aluminium stranded conductor, also applied for simultaneously the patent (CN 1263884C) of " ALuminum matrix composite wires, cable and method " in China, but because composite material core difficult forming has limited its application.
It is the low sag heat-resisting aluminium alloy hinge line of core that Japan rattan storehouse company has developed invar, can be used for tackling high load capacity electric power transfer in summer, but the ratio of invar core is great, and the electromagnetic consumable of core is big.
Electric wire research institute of Hitachi has carried out the research work of inorfil/aluminum composite wire high-tension cable, adopted SiC synnema fiber, but the SiC fiber cost is higher.
Jiangsu Fa Er victory company has applied for the Chinese utility model patent (patent No.: ZL02218508.9) of " glass fibre reinforced composion core aluminum stranded wire ", the thermal coefficient of expansion of its core is higher, and its conductive layer is traditional aluminum or aluminum alloy twisted wire, the cross section is circular, do not improve the filling rate of conductive layer, can't realize the obvious raising of conductive capability.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is the defective that overcomes above-mentioned prior art, provide a kind of thermal coefficient of expansion low, sag does not increase after improving the lead operating temperature, can be at 140 ℃ of following long-time trouble free services, the aluminium of conductive layer, the filling rate of aluminium alloy wire can be greater than 90%, can improve the capacity that electrical network is carried exponentially, improve safety in operation and also can prevent freeze heat-resisting, the low expansion double capacity compound material core aluminum twisted wire and the preparation method of the major accident that causes of circuit in winter.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the present invention adopts following technical proposals.
Heat-resisting, low expansion double capacity compound material core aluminum twisted wire of the present invention is characterized in that it strengthens composite material core that heat stable resin makes by the overlength continuous fiber and is made up of around the stranded skin that forms for the fine aluminium or the aluminium alloy wire of watt shape the cross section more than 4 or 4 with one deck at least.
Described composite material core coats internal layer by skin and constitutes, and outer field thickness is 0.1~2mm.
Described composite material line in-core layer strengthens heat stable resin by high-strength overlength continuous fiber and makes, skin strengthens heat stable resin by low elastic modulus overlength continuous fiber and makes, it is matrix with the heat stable resin that described high-strength overlength continuous fiber strengthens heat stable resin, high-strength overlength continuous fiber is a reinforcing material, it is matrix with the heat stable resin that described low elastic modulus overlength continuous fiber strengthens heat stable resin, low elastic modulus overlength continuous fiber is a reinforcing material, high-strength overlength continuous fiber shared percentage by volume in composite material line in-core layer is 55%~75%, and low elastic modulus overlength continuous fiber shared percentage by volume ratio in composite material core skin is 55%~75%.
Described composite material wire core diameter is in 4mm~15mm scope, and thermal coefficient of expansion is 2.5 * 10 in-50 ℃ to 200 ℃ scopes
-6/ ℃ below, be 1800MPa~2800MPa in the tensile strength of room temperature, bending strength is 1600MPa~2600MPa.
High-strength overlength continuous fiber in the described composite material core is a synnema, and modulus is more than 220GPa, and its tensile strength is more than 3000MPa, and thermal coefficient of expansion is 0~1.5 * 10 in-50 ℃ to 200 ℃ scopes
-6/ ℃.Described high-strength overlength continuous fiber is carbon fiber, silicon carbide fibre or alumina fibre.
Described low elastic modulus overlength continuous fiber is a synnema, and modulus of elasticity is in (3~5) * 10
4In the MPa scope.Described low elastic modulus overlength continuous fiber is Kevlar fiber, glass fibre or basalt fibre.
Described heat stable resin is heat-resistant phenolic resins, heat resistant epoxide resin or the heat-resisting novolac epoxy resin that contains the circulus unit.
Composite material core shape of cross section is circular, and length is not less than 300 meters.The core of composite material core for reeling.
The fine aluminium of described skin or the filling rate of aluminium alloy wire are not less than 90%.
The preparation method of above-mentioned heat-resisting, low expansion double capacity compound material core aluminum twisted wire is characterized in that its processing step is:
The first step adopts continuous pultrude process to produce high-strength overlength continuous fiber and strengthens the heat stable resin internal layer;
In second step, the skin by pultrude process second time coating low elastic modulus overlength continuous fiber enhancing heat stable resin on high-strength overlength continuous fiber enhancing heat stable resin internal layer promptly makes the composite material core that the overlength continuous fiber strengthens heat stable resin;
The 3rd step, with one deck cross section at least be the fine aluminium of watt shape or aluminium alloy wire as skin around stranded outside the composite material core.
Carry out second and go on foot when preparing, low elastic modulus overlength continuous fiber is applied the tension stress of 500~1000MPa.
The fine aluminium of described watt of shape or aluminium alloy wire are by cold drawn group continuously, cold rolling and annealing group technology manufacturing.
The concrete processing step of described manufacturing fine aluminium or aluminium alloy wire is: the fine aluminium of thick diameter or aluminium alloy round bar are drawn be allocated to the round line that sectional area is final watt of shape fine aluminium or aluminium alloy wire sectional area 100-120%, adopting a pair of outline line then is that the cold roll of arc rolls into a watt shape line with it, is allocated to final design size by a watt shape line typing die drawing again; Form through annealing, annealing temperature is 300 ℃~350 ℃, and the annealing temperature retention time is 2 hours~5 hours.
Compared with prior art, beneficial effect of the present invention is: the composite material core that the present invention adopts overlength continuous fiber enhancing heat stable resin to make replaces traditional steel core, and skin is formed around the composite material core is stranded by the fine aluminium or the aluminium alloy wire of watt shape, compound material core aluminum twisted wire thermal coefficient of expansion of the present invention is low, below the sixth for the existing steel reinforced aluminium conductor coefficient of expansion, sag does not increase after improving the lead operating temperature, can be at 140 ℃ of following long-time trouble free services; Outer simultaneously stranded watt of tee section fine aluminium or aluminium alloy wire, the filling rate of realizing fine aluminium or aluminium alloy wire is greater than 90%.Current capacity of the present invention reaches the twice of same external diameter conventional steel core aluminum stranded wire; Owing to improved the working temperature of lead, also can prevent the major accident that circuit froze and caused winter.It is applied to high-tension electricity and newly nets construction and old network renovation, can improve the capacity that electrical network is carried exponentially, improves safety in operation.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a structural representation of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the cross sectional view of composite material core;
Fig. 3 is the manufacturing process equipment simplified schematic diagram of composite material core.
Among the figure:
1, creel 2, guiding felt plate 3, storage tank
4, preforming tool 5, mould 6, hauling machine
7, coiler device
Embodiment
Embodiment: (the electric outer sectional area of 226 guidances is 226mm to 226/33 compound material core aluminum twisted wire and preparation method thereof
2, 33 refer to that the sectional area of composite material core is 33mm
2)
Step 1: composite material core preparation
With the high-strength carbon fiber is the high-strength overlength continuous fiber reinforcing material of composite material line in-core layer, with the glass fibre is the outer field low elastic modulus overlength of composite material core continuous fiber reinforcing material, the heat stable resin matrix is the heat resistant epoxide resin that contains the circulus unit, and it is as follows to produce composite material core method of the present invention:
As shown in Figure 3, be 230GPa with modulus, tensile strength is 3300MPa, thermal coefficient of expansion is 1.0 * 10
-6/ ℃ 25 bundle 12K carbon fiber (filament diameter is 7 microns) zero twisted yarns pass creel 1, enter storage tank 3 impregnations that fill the heat resistant epoxide resin glue through guiding felt plate 2, the mass percent of epoxy resin is 50% in the heat resistant epoxide resin glue, the mass percent of anhydride curing agent is that 50% (curing agent can also be amine curing agent, the mass ratio of epoxy resin and curing agent can be 1: 1 to 10: 1), enter preforming tool 4 then.The effect of preforming tool 4 is that reinforcing material is arranged according to the position of setting, and near the net shape of section bar, extrudes unnecessary glue simultaneously.
The reinforcing material that comes out from preforming tool 4 enters the mould 5 of band heating plate and is cured.Mould 5 long 650mm, the die cavity diameter is 4.5mm, makes with the instrument steel, and handles through chromium plating or nitriding.Mould 5 is divided into three humidity provinces, is respectively 140 ℃, 170 ℃ and 140 ℃.Solidifying the back is extracted from mould 5 by hauling machine 6, tractive effort is 4MPa, hauling speed is 0.20m/min, twist on 1.5 meters disks of diameter by up-coiler 7 then, promptly finish the first step of the production process of composite material core, obtain length greater than 300 meters, be reinforcing material with the high-strength carbon fiber, the heat resistant epoxide resin that contains the circulus unit is composite material (wherein carbon fiber volume percentage is 69.4%) the core internal layer A (as shown in Figure 1, 2) of matrix.
With modulus of elasticity is 4 * 10
4The 15 bundle 2400Dtex glass fibre zero twisted yarns of MPa pass creel 1, apply the tension stress of 700MPa simultaneously, enter storage tank 3 impregnations that contain the heat resistant epoxide resin glue through guiding felt plate 2, the mass percent of epoxy resin is 50% in the heat resistant epoxide resin glue, the anhydride curing agent mass percent is 50%, the composite material line in-core layer A that obtains with the first step enters preforming tool 4 together then, composite inner A is in the center, and the big synnema glass fibre of 15 bundles is evenly distributed in the periphery of composite inner A.The effect of preforming tool 4 is that reinforcing material is arranged according to the position of setting, and near the net shape of section bar, extrudes unnecessary glue simultaneously.
The reinforcing material that comes out from preforming tool 4 enters the mould 5.Mould 5 long 650mm, the die cavity diameter is 6.5mm, makes with the instrument steel, and handles through chromium plating or nitriding.Solidifying the back is extracted from mould 5 by hauling machine 6, tractive effort is 4MPa, hauling speed is 0.20m/min, twist on 1.5 meters disks of diameter by up-coiler 7 then, promptly finish second step of the production process of composite material core, length greater than 300 meters, by outer B coat internal layer A (heat resistant epoxide resin that outer B is reinforcing material with the glass fibre, contain the circulus unit is a matrix, and wherein the shared percentage by volume of glass fibre is 67.5%), diameter is the circular composite material core (as shown in Figure 1, 2) of 6.5mm.The composite material line core performance of being produced is listed as follows:
The static strength performance of composite material core
Project |
Index |
Operative norm |
Diameter |
6.5mm |
|
Tensile strength, MPa |
2080 |
GB/T13096.1-91 |
Stretch modulus, GPa |
140 |
GB/T13096.1-91 |
Bending strength, MPa |
1700 |
GB/T13096.2-91 |
Bending modulus, GPa |
100 |
GB/T13096.2-91 |
Shear strength, MPa |
88 |
ASTM/D4475-02 |
Heat distortion temperature, ℃ |
>200 |
ISO?75-2:2003 |
Vitrification point, ℃ |
>200 |
GB?11998-89 |
Thermal coefficient of expansion, * 10
-6/℃
|
0.79(-50℃~200℃) |
GB?11998-89 |
Except that present embodiment, high-strength overlength continuous fiber also can be silicon carbide fibre or alumina fibre etc., and low modulus overlength continuous fiber also can be Kevlar fiber or basalt fibre etc.; Heat stable resin also can be heat-resistant phenolic resins or heat-resisting novolac epoxy resin etc.
Step 2: the preparation of watt shape fine aluminium or aluminium alloy wire
As shown in Figure 1, present embodiment is that stranded two layer cross sections are the pure aluminum wire of watt shape, the aluminium alloy wire of also available watt shape outside the composite material core.
Ground floor watt shape pure aluminum wire C1: the inner arc radius is 3.25mm, and the outer arc radius is 6.1mm, and central angle is 58 degree.Concrete technology is: with diameter be 8.0mm fine aluminium round bar to be allocated to diameter by the wire drawing die drawing be 4.5mm circle line, adopting a pair of outline line then is that it is rolled into the inner arc radius is that 3.25mm, outer arc radius are that 6.1mm, central angle are the ground floor watt shape pure aluminum wire C1 of 58 degree for the cold roll of arc.Annealing temperature in the course of processing is 320 ℃, and the annealing temperature retention time is 3 hours.
The second layer watt shape pure aluminum wire C2: the inner arc radius is 6.1mm, and the outer arc radius is 9.5mm, and central angle is 38 degree.Concrete technology is: with diameter be 8.0mm fine aluminium round bar to be allocated to diameter by the wire drawing die drawing be 5.3mm circle line, adopting a pair of outline line then is that it is rolled into the inner arc radius is that 6.1mm, outer arc radius are that 9.5mm, central angle are the second layer watt shape pure aluminum wire C2 of 38 degree for the cold roll of arc; Annealing temperature in the course of processing is 320 ℃, and the annealing temperature retention time is 3 hours.
Step 3: compound material core aluminum twisted wire preparation
The diameter of " step 1 " preparation be outside the composite material core of 6.5mm stranded two-layer pure aluminum wire as skin, ground floor is made up of 6 ground floors watt shape pure aluminum wire C1, the second layer is made up of 9 second layers watt shape pure aluminum wire C2, promptly obtain composite material line core aluminum stranded wire of the present invention, wherein the filling rate of skin pure aluminum wire is 90.4%.