CN100480211C - Ceramic inspection well cover and preparing method thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

This invention relates to a ceramic manhole cover made from ceramic material. The raw material to produce this ceramic and their percentages are: 2-100% Al2O3, 0-95% MgO, 0-74% SiO2, 0-15% SiC, 0-20% ZrO2, 0-15% Si3N4, 0-15% B4C, 0-15% SiO2, 0-15% B2O3, 0-15% TiO2, 0-10% Li2O, 0-2% CaO, 0-2% TiO2 and 0-6.2% ZnO. The sum amount of Al2O3, MgO and SiO2 is not less than 65%. The preparation method is as follow: first, produce preforms with the raw material; under 40-100MPa pressure, these preforms are pressure formed, surface strengthened and plasticized. Advantages: good in anti-bending strength, good fracture toughness. As the cover has no recovering value, the possibility of being stolen is reduced.

Description

A kind of ceramic inspection shaft lid and preparation method thereof

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of ceramic inspection shaft lid and preparation method thereof.

Background technology

Existing well lid or inspection shaft lid generally adopt cast iron to make, and be often stolen because material has recycling to be worth, and loses seriously, and vehicle damage and personnel casualty accidents take place inspection shaft often that lose well lid.For antitheft people one consider to use ata, for example Chinese patent 93237579,95241036,96232738,99227151 or the like on the structure of inspection shaft lid; The 2nd, on material, consider its no recovery value, and for example Chinese patent 97202338,97207516 or the like.But the problem that their exist is: (one) takes the cast iron anti-stealing manhole cover that locks between well lid and walling crib, no matter how antitheft office tightly still has the people to steal, its lock core of long duration can corrosion and can't be opened, and influences normal pipeline and dredges and drag for and maintenance service.(2) the inspection shaft lid periphery that adopts reinforced concrete or glass-reinforced plastic material to make is broken easily, even integral body collapses.(3) the inspection shaft lid that adopts plastic material to make, the non-constants of performance such as its wear-resisting, ageing-resistant and resistance to chemical attack, the bearing capacity decay is fast, can not satisfy the service requirements of urban road heavy traffic amount.(4) needing the reinforcing bar material to make skeleton in the inspection shaft cap body that adopts reinforced concrete, glass reinforced plastic and plastic materials to make still is stolen unavoidably.

Summary of the invention

Problem to be solved by this invention provides a kind of ceramic inspection shaft lid that has better intensity and be difficult for being stolen and preparation method thereof.

Technical scheme provided by the invention is: a kind of ceramic inspection shaft lid, and its lid is to be made by stupalith, this pottery is by the Al of 2-95% ₂O ₃, the MgO of 0-95%, 0-74% SiO ₂, the SiC of 0-15%, the ZrO of 0-20% ₂, 0-15% Si ₃N ₄, 0-15% B ₄The B of C, 0-15% ₂O ₃, 0-15% TiO ₂, 0-10% Li ₂The CaO of O, 0-2% and the ZnO of 0-6.2% fire and form, and Al ₂O ₃, MgO, SiO ₂The consumption sum more than or equal to 65%, above per-cent is weight percentage; Wherein as toughening material: ZrO ₂There is Si in the pellet mode ₃N ₄, B ₄C exists in the whisker mode, and there is B in SiC with pellet mode or whisker mode ₂O ₃, TiO ₂Exist with fiber mode, and ZrO ₂, Si ₃N ₄, B ₄C, SiC, B ₂O ₃, TiO ₂Component be not zero simultaneously; Wherein as flux material, Li ₂The component of O, CaO, ZnO is not zero simultaneously.

In example of the present invention, above-mentioned inspection shaft cap body is by 95% Al ₂O ₃, 1.5% MgO, 2.29% SiO ₂, 1.21% CaO fires and forms.

Perhaps, above-mentioned inspection shaft cap body is by 95% MgO, 2.39% Al ₂O ₃, 1.61% SiO ₂, 1% CaO fires and forms.

Perhaps, above-mentioned inspection shaft cap body is by 73.5% SiO ₂, 16.2% Al ₂O ₃, 3% TiO ₂, 3% ZrO ₂, 4.3% Li ₂O fires and forms.

The present invention also provides the preparation method of above-mentioned ceramic inspection shaft lid, with the Al of 2-95% ₂O ₃, the MgO of 0-95%, 0-74% SiO ₂, the SiC of 0-15%, the ZrO of 0-20% ₂, 0-15% Si ₃N ₄, 0-15% B ₄The B of C, 0-15% ₂O ₃, 0-15% TiO ₂, 0-10% Li ₂The CaO of O, 0-2% and the ZnO of 0-6.2% make base substrate, base substrate compression molding under 40-100MPa pressure, and sintering makes ceramic inspection shaft lid through surface strengthening and toughness reinforcing processing; Above per-cent is weight percentage; Wherein as toughening material: ZrO ₂There is Si in the pellet mode ₃N ₄, B ₄C exists in the whisker mode, and there is B in SiC with pellet mode or whisker mode ₂O ₃, TiO ₂Exist with fiber mode, and ZrO ₂, Si ₃N ₄, B ₄C, SiC, B ₂O ₃, TiO ₂Component be not zero simultaneously; Wherein as flux material, Li ₂The component of O, CaO, ZnO is not zero simultaneously.

Above-mentioned sintering adopts following steps:

(1), preheating

To the base substrate preheating, temperature: normal temperature-300 ℃, the time is 1-2 hours;

(2), oxygenolysis

Temperature: 300-1355 ℃, the time: 1-3 hours;

(3), pyroprocessing

Temperature: 1355-1810 ℃, the time: 3-8 hours;

(4), high temperature is protected fire

Temperature: 1810 ℃, the time: 5-7 hours;

(5), cooling

40-70 ℃/H of rate of cooling.

The present invention has adopted stupalith owing to lid, its bending tensile strength, and fracture toughness property is better, and the no recovery value of its lid itself, has reduced stolen possibility.

Embodiment

The chemical constitution such as the table 1 of the present invention's pottery inspection shaft lid.

Table 1

The preparation method of ceramic inspection shaft lid of the present invention can may further comprise the steps: get the raw materials ready, powder process, prescription, plasticizing, moulding, biscuiting, repaired biscuit, sintering, surface treatment.

One, gets the raw materials ready when firing (if, can omit (one), (two) step) with the high raw material of purity

(1) industrial raw material pre-burning

1, industrial Al ₂O ₃Pre-burning.

The purpose of pre-burning is to make γ-Al ₂O ₃All change α-Al into ₂O ₃, get rid of Al ₂O ₃In Na ₂O improves material purity, reduces and burns till contraction.

At industrial Al ₂O ₃Add 0.3-3% additive in the raw material, as H ₃BO ₃Or NH ₄F.

Adopt H ₃BO ₃When making additive, about 1400-1500 ℃ the calcining and be incubated 2-3 hours.

Adopt NH ₄When F makes additive, about 1200-1300 ℃ the calcining and be incubated 1 hour.

2, industrial ZnO pre-burning

Powdery zinc oxide is contained in the saggar, in down-draft kiln or tunnel furnace with about 1250 ℃ calcinings.

(2) pre-burning of raw mineral materials

The purpose of raw mineral materials pre-burning: the one, dehydration, the 2nd changes the mineral internal structure, is beneficial to pulverizing.

1, Shi Ying pre-burning

Place shaft kiln or down-draft kiln to be calcined to 900-1000 ℃ in quartz, make β-quartz change α-quartz into, chilling in air then, it is short that it is cracked.

2, talcum pre-burning

Place down-draft kiln with 1350-1450 ℃ of calcinings in talcum, destroy its sheet structure.

3, kaolin, clay pre-burning

Place down-draft kiln with 700-900 ℃ of calcinings kaolin, clay.

Two, powder process

Raw material after the pre-burning is respectively levigate, and fineness requirement: the powder greater than 4 μ m should be less than 10%, should account for 50%-70% less than the powder of 2 μ m, should be 15%-30% less than the powder of 1 μ m, must not be more than 40%.

Three, batching

With the powder accurate measurement, add fluidizer (fluidizer can burnout) mixing granulation (about 20-80 orders of particle diameter) in the base substrate sintering process, according to prescription for blank forming is prepared.The fluidizer apolegamy is as table 2.

Table 2.

Four, moulding

Base substrate adopts compression molding, forming pressure 40-100MPa, 10 hours dwell times.

Five, sintering

Sintering divides following five stages to finish.

(1), pre-heating stage

This stage makes the eliminating of base substrate heating and the remaining moisture content of base substrate.Temperature: normal temperature-300 ℃, the time is 1-2 hours.

(2), the oxygenolysis stage

The chemical transformation that this stage takes place has: crystal water is got rid of, organism, sulfide oxidation, carbonate decomposition, quartzy crystal conversion etc.Temperature: 300-1355 ℃, the time: 1-3 hours.

(3), hot stage

This stage blank begins fusion.Temperature: 1355-1810 ℃, the time: 3-8 hours.

(4), high temperature is protected the fire stage

Temperature: 1810 ℃, the time: 5-7 hours.

(5), cooling stages

40-70 ℃/H of rate of cooling.

Six, surface strengthening and toughness reinforcing processing

Carry out flash annealing after the blank sintering moulding and handle, or ion-implanted surface-modified, or Laser Surface Treatment, or method such as chemical mechanical polishing removes surface imperfection, improve condition of surface, improve toughness.

With the aluminum oxide is ceramic formula (its preparation method such as above-mentioned) and the physical and mechanical property such as the table 3. of base-material

Table 3.

With magnesium oxide is ceramic formula (its preparation method such as above-mentioned) and the physical and mechanical property such as the following table 4. of base-material

Table 4.

With the quartz is ceramic formula (its preparation method such as above-mentioned) and the physical and mechanical property such as the table 5. of base-material

Table 5.

Claims (4)

1. a ceramic inspection shaft covers, and its lid is to be made by stupalith, and this pottery is by the Al of 2-95% ₂O ₃, the MgO of 0-95%, 0-74% SiO ₂, the SiC of 0-15%, the ZrO of 0-20% ₂, 0-15% Si ₃N ₄, 0-15% B ₄The B of C, 0-15% ₂O ₃, 0-15% TiO ₂, 0-10% Li ₂The CaO of O, 0-2% and the ZnO of 0-6.2% fire and form, and Al ₂O ₃, MgO, SiO ₂The consumption sum more than or equal to 65%, above per-cent is weight percentage; Wherein as toughening material: ZrO ₂There is Si in the pellet mode ₃N ₄, B ₄C exists in the whisker mode, and there is B in SiC with pellet mode or whisker mode ₂O ₃, TiO ₂Exist with fiber mode, and ZrO ₂, Si ₃N ₄, B ₄C, SiC, B ₂O ₃, TiO ₂Component be not zero simultaneously; Wherein as flux material, Li ₂The component of O, CaO, ZnO is not zero simultaneously.

2. inspection shaft according to claim 1 lid is characterized in that: lid is by 73.5% SiO ₂, 16.2% Al ₂O ₃, 3% TiO ₂, 3% ZrO ₂, 4.3% Li ₂O fires and forms.

3. the preparation method of the described ceramic inspection shaft lid of claim 1 is characterized in that: with the Al of 2-95% ₂O ₃, the MgO of 0-95%, 0-74% SiO ₂, the SiC of 0-15%, the ZrO of 0-20% ₂, 0-15% Si ₃N ₄, 0-15% B ₄The B of C, 0-15% ₂O ₃, 0-15% TiO ₂, 0-10% Li ₂The CaO of O, 0-2% and the ZnO of 0-6.2% make base substrate, base substrate compression molding under 40-100MPa pressure, and sintering makes ceramic inspection shaft lid through surface strengthening and toughness reinforcing processing; Above per-cent is weight percentage; Wherein as toughening material: ZrO ₂There is Si in the pellet mode ₃N ₄, B ₄C exists in the whisker mode, and there is B in SiC with pellet mode or whisker mode ₂O ₃, TiO ₂Exist with fiber mode, and ZrO ₂, Si ₃N ₄, B ₄C, SiC, B ₂O ₃, TiO ₂Component be not zero simultaneously; Wherein as flux material, Li ₂The component of O, CaO, ZnO is not zero simultaneously.

4. preparation method according to claim 3 is characterized in that: sintering adopts following steps:

(1), preheating

To the base substrate preheating, temperature: normal temperature-300 ℃, the time is 1-2 hours;

(2), oxygenolysis

Temperature: 300-1355 ℃, the time: 1-3 hours;

(3), pyroprocessing

Temperature: 1355-1810 ℃, the time: 3-8 hours;

(4), high temperature is protected fire

Temperature: 1810 ℃, the time: 5-7 hours;

(5), cooling

40-70 ℃/H of rate of cooling.